Distributed quench detection system for a particle accelerator therapy device

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a distributed quench detection system for a particle accelerator treatment device, comprising: a client control layer for providing a human-computer interaction interface, realizing remote control of quench parameter configuration, quench process waveform data monitoring and storage management; an intermediate service layer for collecting, storing and managing timestamp marked data generated during operation, running a server control program to monitor the device parameters and states of integrated quench detectors in different regions, and statistically analyzing the voltage variation characteristics of the quench process and the centralized monitoring of the distributed quench detection system according to system operation data; an integrated quench detector for receiving the coil voltage of a superconducting magnet unit, and outputting double-redundant quench protection optical / electrical signals after high-voltage isolation, signal filtering and logic judgment to trigger quench protection action, receiving external trigger and enable signals to realize linkage control with other systems; communication between layers is realized based on high-speed Ethernet and time system network.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of quench protection for superconducting magnets in particle accelerators, specifically to the field of quench detection, and particularly to a distributed quench detection system and an integrated quench detector for particle accelerator therapy devices. Background Technology

[0002] Particle accelerators generate heavy ion / proton beams for tumor treatment, which has advantages such as minimal damage to healthy tissues, high cure rate, good conformal irradiation dose distribution, precise monitoring of irradiation position and dose, short treatment course, and no obvious toxic side effects. As an advanced radiotherapy technology, it has been widely used in the field of cancer radiotherapy for many years.

[0003] Heavy ion / proton beams are generated by accelerators in particle therapy devices. Magnets, as an important structural component of the accelerator, are responsible for providing bending forces to control the beam's trajectory during acceleration, giving the beam a focusing force to make it move along the desired central orbit. Accelerator magnets are divided into conventional magnets and superconducting magnets. Superconducting magnets can increase magnetic field strength and reduce deflection radius. Compared with conventional magnets, the magnetic field of superconducting magnets is mainly dominated by coils. They require smaller iron cores and are lighter in weight, which can significantly reduce the size of the accelerator and effectively reduce energy consumption. It has become the main trend in the miniaturization of future particle accelerator therapy devices.

[0004] During actual operation, superconducting magnets may suddenly lose their superconducting properties and enter a normal conducting state due to various reasons. This state is called quench loss. At the moment of quench loss, a normal resistance appears inside the magnet. Under high current load, a large amount of Joule heat is generated, which can cause varying degrees of damage to the internal structure of the magnet and the performance of the wires. In severe cases, it may even melt the magnet. Therefore, a quench loss detection system is needed to quickly and accurately identify this state and send a quench loss protection signal to the power protection module to cut off the power output and trigger the protection system to establish an energy discharge circuit. The energy stored in the superconducting coil is effectively transferred through the energy discharge resistor or external absorption circuit to minimize the normal hot spot temperature inside the magnet.

[0005] Common methods for quench detection in particle accelerators include voltage detection, temperature detection, pressure detection, flow velocity detection, and ultrasonic detection. Voltage detection is widely used due to its high speed and sensitivity. Typically, a quench detection device based on voltage detection consists of a high-voltage isolation module, a signal acquisition module, a signal filtering module, a logic judgment module, and a photoelectric conversion module. These different functional modules are integrated through a PXI or PXIE chassis, and data interaction between these modules and the client control layer is achieved via a backplane bus.

[0006] However, existing quench detection devices based on PXIE or PXIE chassis are bulky, with each module being an independent plug-in, resulting in low integration. This hinders the miniaturization and integration of treatment devices. Furthermore, the traceability and correlation analysis of particle accelerator operating data lack intelligence, and there is insufficient linkage with other systems in the treatment device. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this disclosure provides a distributed quench detection system for particle accelerator therapy devices, which at least partially solves the technical problems of existing quench detection devices, such as low integration level, large size, low level of traceability and correlation analysis of particle accelerator operation data, and insufficient linkage with other systems of the therapy device.

[0008] Based on this, this disclosure provides a distributed quench detection system for a particle accelerator therapy device, including a client control layer, an intermediate service layer, and distributed integrated quench detectors. The client control layer provides a human-machine interface for remote control of quench parameter configuration, quench process waveform data monitoring, and storage management. The intermediate service layer collects, stores, and manages timestamp data generated during the operation of the distributed quench detection system, runs a server-side control program to monitor the device parameters and status of integrated quench detectors distributed in different areas of the therapy device, establishes a data analysis model based on system operation data to statistically analyze the voltage change characteristics of the superconducting magnet during the quench process, and centrally monitors the entire distributed quench detection system. The integrated quench detectors receive the coil voltage of the superconducting magnet in the particle accelerator therapy device, and output a dual-redundant quench protection optical / electrical signal after high-voltage isolation, signal filtering, and logical judgment to trigger quench protection action, thus protecting the superconducting magnet of the particle accelerator therapy device from quench. The distributed integrated quench detectors communicate with the client control layer and the intermediate service layer via high-speed Ethernet and a time system network.

[0009] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the intermediate service layer includes a database server, a quench detection system server, a data analysis platform, a central monitoring system server, and a cryogenic system server. The database server collects, stores, and manages timestamp data generated during the operation of the distributed quench detection system. This timestamp data provides a reliable data source for data traceability, correlation, and analysis of voltage change characteristics during the quench process. The quench detection system server runs a server-side control program to monitor the equipment parameters and status of integrated quench detectors distributed across different areas of the treatment device, and serves as an engineering workstation for maintaining and debugging the distributed quench detection system. The data analysis platform uses the system operation data stored on the database server to establish a data analysis model for statistical analysis of equipment operation data and voltage change characteristics during the quench process. The central monitoring system server centrally monitors the entire distributed quench detection system and other subsystems of the treatment device. The cryogenic system server interacts with the integrated quench detectors in real time, and in cases of abnormal liquid helium evaporation or other abnormalities that provide a cryogenic operating environment for the superconducting magnet unit, enables the integrated quench detectors to actively trigger quench control and output quench protection light / electric signals.

[0010] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the hardware of the integrated quench detector comprises a signal conditioning circuit, a low-voltage acquisition circuit, a high-voltage acquisition circuit, a programmable system-on-a-chip (SoC) circuit, a time acquisition circuit, and an analog / digital interface circuit. The signal conditioning circuit attenuates, amplifies, and filters the analog coil voltage signal corresponding to the high voltage change during normal operation and quench instantaneous transition of the superconducting magnet unit, processing it into a voltage signal that conforms to the input dynamic range of the low-voltage and high-voltage acquisition circuits. The low-voltage acquisition circuit uses a multi-channel analog-to-digital converter to synchronously acquire the processed voltage signal across multiple channels with a fixed range. The high-voltage acquisition circuit acquires the operating voltage of the selected detection channel throughout the entire process before, during, and after quench instantaneous quench of the superconducting magnet, and adjusts the voltage according to the input voltage range. The system includes: an analog-to-digital converter with matching ranges to synchronously acquire multiple voltage signals; a programmable on-chip circuit for filtering the processed voltage signal synchronously acquired by the low-voltage acquisition circuit, followed by quench detection logic control based on voltage detection method to generate a quench protection signal; a time acquisition circuit for acquiring timestamp information through a dedicated time system network based on different types of time synchronization protocols, providing a unified time reference for distributed integrated quench detectors, and timestamping process action changes and running data based on this time; and an analog / digital interface circuit for triggering quench protection action by outputting dual redundant quench protection optical / electrical signals based on the quench protection signal, thus providing quench protection for the superconducting magnet of the particle accelerator therapy device.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the analog / digital interface circuit is further configured to receive an external trigger signal to actively trigger the integrated quench detector to output a quench protection signal to trigger a quench protection action, and receive an external enable signal to start or stop the quench detection function of the quench detector, so as to achieve linkage control with other systems.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the signal conditioning circuit is configured with different amplification levels, and the attenuated coil analog voltage signal is amplified by different multiples by switching different amplification levels.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a quench service logic unit and an embedded system are running on the programmable system-on-chip circuit; the quench service logic unit is used to run a quench detection algorithm to perform digital filtering, quench detection logic control, time parsing, storage management, quench confirmation, status marking, and fault status inspection on the processed voltage signals synchronously collected by the low-voltage acquisition circuit and the multiple channels of voltages synchronously collected by the high-voltage acquisition circuit; the embedded system is used to run the embedded system software and application programs, perform data interaction with the control program of the client control layer, receive the quench detection parameters and control instructions loaded by the client control layer, and send the timestamp marking data generated by the quench service logic unit to the client control layer for real-time display.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the quench service logic unit runs quench detection algorithms in multiple different modes, and each mode of the quench detection algorithm is provided with a control switch for starting or stopping. By opening or closing one or more modes through the control switch, a quench detection algorithm of one mode is selected for quench detection or a method of fusion judgment of multiple different modes of quench detection algorithms is used for quench detection, and a quench protection signal is output.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, each channel of the analog-to-digital converter is configured with a corresponding buffer area to buffer the data synchronously collected by multiple channels, and the quench service logic unit is triggered by the quench protection signal to perform storage management on the data in the buffer area.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the analog / digital interface circuit provides an optical signal output interface, an electrical signal output interface, an external trigger input interface, and an external enable input interface, and synchronously outputs a quench protection optical signal and a quench protection electrical signal to the quench protection circuit, power controller, or interlock system of the particle accelerator treatment device through the optical signal output interface and the electrical signal output interface respectively. Receive an external trigger signal to actively trigger the quench detector to output a quench protection signal, and receive an external enable signal to start or stop the quench detection function of the quench detector, so as to achieve linkage control with other systems.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical signal interface adopts a detachable modular circuit structure and is fixedly connected to the bottom plate circuit base through pin headers.

[0018] The distributed quench detection system for a particle accelerator therapy device provided according to embodiments of this disclosure has at least the following advantages:

[0019] The system employs an integrated quench detector for high-voltage isolation, signal filtering, and quench detection logic judgment. Centralized control is achieved through an intermediate service layer, with high-speed Ethernet communication between layers. This significantly improves the system's integration level, making the distributed quench detection system miniaturized, compact, and easy to install. Furthermore, the intermediate service layer collects, stores, and manages timestamp data generated during the system's operation. A unified time reference is provided through a time system network. This unified time reference, combined with the timestamp data, provides reliable data support for data correlation analysis, fault diagnosis and problem localization, and voltage change characteristic analysis during the quench process in particle accelerator therapy devices, thereby improving the system's safety and reliability.

[0020] Furthermore, the integrated quench detector integrates signal conditioning circuits, low-voltage acquisition circuits, high-voltage acquisition circuits, programmable on-chip circuits, time acquisition circuits, and analog / digital interface circuits, combining multiple functions into one, standardizing equipment types, and improving the detection efficiency of electrical safety and electromagnetic compatibility of particle accelerator therapy devices.

[0021] Furthermore, the failover business logic unit runs multiple failover detection algorithms in different modes. Depending on the different objects being tested, it selects to enable or disable one or more different failover detection algorithms to realize failover logic judgment, thereby improving the applicability of the distributed failover detection system.

[0022] Furthermore, the integrated quench detector supports external triggering and enable control. It can receive control signals from other subsystems of the treatment device to actively trigger quench, and receive external enable signals to start or stop the quench detection function of the quench detector, thereby improving the linkage with other systems.

[0023] Furthermore, the middle service layer builds a data analysis platform, which, combined with distributed integrated queuing detectors, enables the storage, management, and analysis of data, thereby improving the system's intelligence level. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of this disclosure will become clearer from the following description of embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0025] Figure 1 The schematic diagram illustrates the architecture of a distributed quench detection system for a particle accelerator therapy device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0026] Figure 2 The schematic diagram illustrates the hardware circuit structure of the integrated quench detector provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0027] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating a quench detection method for a particle accelerator therapy device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this disclosure clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this disclosure without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0029] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this disclosure. The terms “comprising,” “including,” etc., as used herein indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0030] In this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this disclosure according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] In the description of this disclosure, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "length", "circumferential", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this disclosure and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the subsystem or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this disclosure.

[0032] Throughout the accompanying drawings, identical elements are represented by the same or similar reference numerals. Conventional structures or constructions have been omitted where they may cause confusion in understanding this disclosure. Furthermore, the shapes, dimensions, and positional relationships of the components in the drawings do not reflect actual size, scale, or actual positional relationships. Additionally, any reference numerals placed between parentheses in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims.

[0033] Similarly, to simplify this disclosure and aid in understanding one or more of the various aspects of the disclosure, in the above description of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, various features of the present disclosure are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof. The use of terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refers to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0034] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this disclosure, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0035] This disclosure aims to miniaturize and integrate treatment devices, proposing an integrated quench detector for particle therapy devices. It integrates functions such as high-voltage acquisition, high-voltage isolation, signal filtering, quench logic judgment, signal conversion, time acquisition and operation data timestamp marking, and data storage. Based on the integrated quench detector, a distributed quench detection system architecture is constructed, and a data analysis platform is built to realize the storage, management and analysis of data.

[0036] Figure 1 The schematic diagram illustrates the architecture of a distributed quench detection system for a particle accelerator therapy device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the distributed quench detection system for particle accelerator therapy devices consists of a client control layer, an intermediate service layer, and a field equipment layer mainly composed of integrated quench detectors. Adhering to the concept of "distributed control and centralized management", it realizes the distributed quench detection function of the superconducting magnets of the therapy device.

[0038] The client control layer provides a human-machine interface to enable remote control functions such as configuring quench parameters, monitoring and storing quench process waveform data.

[0039] The middle service layer is used to collect, store, and manage the timestamp - marked data generated during the operation of the distributed quench detection system. It runs the server - side control program to monitor the device parameters and status of the integrated quench detectors distributed in different areas of the treatment device, establishes a data - analysis model based on the system operation data to statistically analyze the operation data of the devices and the voltage - change characteristics during the quench process, and centrally controls the entire distributed quench detection system.

[0040] The integrated quench detector is used to receive the coil voltage of the superconducting magnet unit in the particle - accelerator treatment device. After high - voltage isolation, signal filtering, and logical judgment of the coil voltage, it outputs dual - redundant quench - protection optical / electrical signals to trigger the quench - protection action, effectively transferring the energy stored in the superconducting magnet coil and providing quench protection for the superconducting magnet of the particle - accelerator treatment device. At the same time, it receives external trigger signals to actively trigger the quench detector to output quench - protection signals, and receives external enabling signals to start or close the quench - detection function of the quench detector, realizing linkage control with other systems.

[0041] Among them, the distributed integrated quench detectors communicate with the client control layer and the middle service layer through a high - speed Ethernet and a time - system network.

[0042] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the middle service layer includes a database server, a quench - detection system server, a data - analysis platform, a central monitoring system server, and a cryogenic - system server.

[0043] The database server is responsible for collecting, storing, and managing the timestamp - marked data generated during the operation of the entire distributed quench detection system, providing a reliable data source for data traceability and correlation analysis.

[0044] The quench - detection system server is used to run the server - side control program to monitor the device parameters and status of the integrated quench detectors distributed in different areas of the treatment device, and serves as an engineer station for the maintenance and debugging of the distributed quench detection system. Among them, multiple clients can perform data interaction with the quench - detection system server based on OPC UA or other protocols.

[0045] The central monitoring system server, as the basic server of the accelerator control system of the treatment device, is used to centrally control the entire distributed quench detection system, that is, the distributed quench detection system needs to be incorporated into the accelerator control system to achieve the function of centralized control.

[0046] The cryogenic - system server is used to perform real - time data interaction with the integrated quench detectors. In the case of abnormal liquid - helium evaporation or other abnormalities in the cryogenic operating environment provided for the superconducting magnet unit, it enables the integrated quench detectors to actively trigger the quench control to output quench - protection optical / electrical signals.

[0047] In this embodiment, multiple distributed integrated quench detectors constitute the device layer. Since the superconducting magnets used in the particle accelerator therapy device are deployed in different areas such as the synchronization ring and the treatment room, the device locations are relatively dispersed. In practical applications, one or more integrated quench detectors can be equipped for different superconducting magnets according to the number of channels for collecting voltage from the superconducting magnets. Data upload and parameter download are achieved through high-speed Ethernet connection.

[0048] The integrated quench detector works as follows: After the client control layer sets the required static parameters for the integrated quench detector, the distributed quench detection system is started. All voltage signals being detected are isolated by high voltage to limit the coil analog voltage, which rises from a few volts to over 1,000 volts instantaneously during a quench, to the allowable range of the acquisition unit, protecting the safety of other downstream modules. The analog voltage signal after high voltage isolation is filtered by the signal acquisition module to remove signal noise and reduce the false quench rate. After filtering, the signal undergoes logical judgment. Based on the quench detection algorithm, the input signal difference is calculated, the slope is calculated, logical analysis is performed, and multiple confirmations are conducted before outputting a quench logic signal. This signal is then converted into a quench protection signal that matches the interface and voltage of the magnet power supply quench protection module. Upon receiving the quench protection signal, the power supply quickly cuts off the power output and triggers the protection system, completing one quench detection and protection cycle, forming a closed-loop control.

[0049] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the time system network provides a unified time reference for the particle accelerator therapy device. The integrated quench detector is connected to the switch of the time system network through the communication interface of a dedicated high-speed Ethernet network to obtain timestamp information. The high-speed Ethernet network is interconnected with the time system network. Network devices such as clients and servers obtain timestamp information through the high-speed Ethernet network. The unified time reference can provide reliable data support for time-based data correlation analysis, fault diagnosis and problem location.

[0050] Figure 2 The schematic diagram illustrates the hardware circuit structure of the integrated quench detector provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, the integrated quench detector hardware consists of signal conditioning circuits, low-voltage acquisition circuits, high-voltage acquisition circuits, programmable system-on-a-chip (SoC) circuits, time acquisition circuits, and analog / digital interface circuits. It is designed using SoC technology, with an embedded operating system running the application program. The module can function as an independent system for quench detection. The integrated quench detector can be powered by DC 12V / 24V and is housed in a standard 19-inch 1U height chassis.

[0052] The signal conditioning circuit is responsible for attenuating, amplifying, and filtering the coil analog voltage (high voltage) signal, which rises from a few microvolts or millivolts to over a thousand volts during normal operation and quench failure of the superconducting magnet. This process ensures the signal conforms to the dynamic range of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC), guaranteeing correct recognition by the acquisition circuit and protecting other downstream circuit modules. In the integrated quench detector circuit, the high-voltage signal after quench failure is attenuated to a small signal through voltage divider protection. Different amplification factors can be selected to amplify this small signal according to different configured ranges, conditioning it to the set measurement range. The amplified signal is then isolated before being sent to the acquisition circuit.

[0053] The low-voltage acquisition circuit is used to synchronously acquire the processed voltage signal through multiple channels using a fixed range based on a multi-channel analog-to-digital converter, and then send the acquired signal to the programmable on-chip system circuit for collection failure detection.

[0054] Furthermore, in order to meet the data storage requirements for a period of time before and after the queuing failure, each channel's analog-to-digital converter is configured with a corresponding buffer area to cache the data collected synchronously from multiple channels. The queuing failure protection signal triggers the queuing failure business logic unit to store the data in the buffer area in the onboard storage unit for storage management.

[0055] The high-voltage acquisition circuit is used to acquire the coil voltage of the superconducting magnet unit during normal operation. Based on the change characteristics of the coil voltage before and after quench loss, the normal operating voltage is routed into multiple voltages, and the multiple voltages are acquired based on analog-to-digital converters with different ranges. The analog-to-digital converters with different ranges work synchronously to meet the needs of high-voltage and low-voltage signal monitoring, and provide full-process data support for magnet performance evaluation testing and online operation.

[0056] The programmable system-on-a-chip (SoC) circuit serves as the core of the integrated quench detector. It is used to filter the processed voltage signal synchronously acquired by the low-voltage acquisition circuit and the multiple voltages synchronously acquired by the high-voltage acquisition circuit before performing quench detection logic control to generate a quench protection signal.

[0057] Specifically, the programmable system-on-a-chip (SoC) circuit runs a failover service logic unit and an embedded system. The failover service logic unit is used to run the failover detection algorithm, performing digital filtering, failover detection logic control, time analysis, storage management, failover confirmation, and status marking on the processed voltage signal synchronously acquired by the low-voltage acquisition circuit and the multiple voltages synchronously acquired by the high-voltage acquisition circuit. The embedded system is used to run the embedded system software and application program, interact with the control program of the client control layer, receive failover detection parameters and control commands loaded by the client control layer, and send the timestamp data generated by the failover service logic unit to the client control layer for real-time display.

[0058] The digital filter is responsible for filtering the acquired signal, removing noise and reducing the queuing error rate. It consists of multiple filters of different types, each with an on / off control switch. One or more filters can be turned on or off according to the actual situation.

[0059] The quench detection logic control refers to running multiple different modes of quench detection algorithms to perform quench detection. Each mode of quench detection algorithm has a control switch to start or stop. By controlling the switch to turn one or more modes on or off, quench detection can be performed by selecting one mode of quench detection algorithm or by combining multiple different modes of quench detection algorithms for judgment, and a quench protection signal is output.

[0060] The time parsing function is responsible for parsing the time signal converted by the time acquisition circuit, converting it into a standard time information format, and storing it in a register for reading when time stamping is needed.

[0061] Storage management is responsible for controlling the onboard storage unit to quickly store data with timestamps before and after the timeout. The client control layer can play back the data by accessing the storage unit.

[0062] The overrun confirmation uses a multi-step cumulative judgment method to reduce the overrun false alarm rate. When the number of overruns continuously output by the overrun control logic is consistent with the set cumulative number, an overrun protection signal is output. The overrun false alarm rate is reduced by the cumulative judgment method.

[0063] The status flag is responsible for timestamping the absolute moment of the quench protection signal output, timestamping the acquired voltage signal, timestamping the parameter change time loaded into the business logic part, storing the tagged data and uploading it to the middle service layer and the client control layer.

[0064] A time acquisition circuit is used to access the time system network via high-speed Ethernet based on different types of time synchronization protocols, obtain timestamp information, and provide a unified time reference for the distributed integrated quench detector. The time synchronization protocols include the high-precision White Rabbit protocol, PTP protocol, NTP protocol, etc. The protocol type can be flexibly selected according to actual needs to ensure strict synchronization between the integrated quench detector and the system clock of the particle accelerator treatment device. The obtained timestamp information is output to the quench service logic unit, and the absolute time of the quench protection signal output is marked with timestamp information under the unified time reference. Timestamp information is marked for each piece of acquired waveform data, facilitating the correlation analysis and fault location analysis between data.

[0065] The analog / digital interface circuit provides multiple optical signal output interfaces, electrical signal output interfaces, external trigger input interfaces, and external enable input interfaces. To ensure the reliability of the quench signal output, an optoelectronic dual-redundant output mode is adopted, and the quench protection signal is synchronously output from both the optical signal interface and the electrical signal interface to the power protection unit. The external trigger input interface receives an external trigger signal to actively trigger the quench detector to output the quench protection signal to the quench protection circuit, power controller, or interlock system of the particle accelerator treatment device, etc. The external enable input interface receives an external enable signal to start or close the quench detection function of the quench detector, realizing the linkage control with other systems. The optical signal interface circuit uses a detachable modular circuit structure and is connected and fixed to the bottom circuit base of the motherboard through pin headers, facilitating compatibility with the hardware interfaces of different controlled objects and improving the scalability of the hardware interface.

[0066] Based on the above-mentioned distributed quench detection system for a particle accelerator treatment device, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a quench detection method for a particle accelerator treatment device.

[0067] Figure 3 The working flow chart of the distributed quench detection system for a particle accelerator treatment device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0068] As Figure 3 shown, when the superconducting magnet cryogenic system, etc. meets the magnet power-on conditions, the magnet starts to prepare for power-on testing and quench testing. First, the parameters required for the quench detection system are configured through the client, including: quench algorithm model comparison parameters, sampling rate, sampling mode, sampling channels, etc. After the parameter setting is completed, the configuration parameter file is loaded into the internal quench service logic unit of the integrated quench detector. After the parameter loading is completed, the quench protection signal is actively triggered manually to check whether the quench detection system and the quench protection system are operating normally, and this is generally repeated multiple times during the superconducting magnet testing process.

[0069] After the active queuing failure function test is passed, online real-time queuing failure detection is initiated. The queuing failure scenarios under online queuing failure detection are mainly divided into the following four types:

[0070] Firstly, cryogenic system anomaly: When abnormal evaporation of liquid helium or other abnormal operation of the cryogenic system is observed, the output quench protection signal is actively triggered; as a prerequisite, the cryogenic system will be the first to trigger the quench protection in any abnormality.

[0071] Secondly, the overrun protection is actively triggered by an external trigger input signal. It can be triggered by connecting an external linkage signal or other interlocking signal at a specific time.

[0072] Third, the queuing detector itself is malfunctioning: When the internal status inspection module of the queuing detector detects an malfunction, it actively triggers the queuing protection to avoid problems such as detection failure or offline during operation;

[0073] Fourth, abnormal coil voltage: The quench detector detects quenching at one or more locations of the superconducting coil by simultaneously sampling through multiple channels and performing real-time quenching logic judgment.

[0074] When a quench is detected in the online state, the quench detector marks the circumstances and time of the quench, including: low temperature triggered quench, external triggered quench, detector fault triggered quench, and voltage detection triggered quench. Simultaneously, waveform storage control is started to store all the data cached before and after the quench in the onboard storage unit, and a quench protection signal is output to the protection unit. At the same time, the quench state is automatically locked, and the quench detection will start again after the quench lock is manually released.

[0075] Simultaneously with the activation of online quench detection, the high-voltage acquisition function is also activated. The high-voltage and low-voltage acquisition functions are multiplexed in the acquisition channel. The high-voltage channel performs real-time acquisition and storage of input signals across multiple ranges, facilitating analysis of the magnet's quench characteristics before and after the quench. Waveforms from all of the above processes are displayed in real-time on the client control layer for easy operator observation. To enhance system safety, either the client or server control layer can manually control the output of the quench protection signal at any time via monitoring software.

[0076] In summary, the distributed quench detection system provided in this disclosure aims at miniaturization and integration of the treatment device. It integrates multiple functions into a single quench detector, resulting in a compact structure that is easy to install and improves the detection efficiency for electrical safety and electromagnetic compatibility. Furthermore, the integrated quench detector incorporates clock synchronization and time acquisition functions, providing a unified time reference with the treatment device and timestamping the absolute moment of the quench protection signal output. This timestamping of each segment of acquired waveform data facilitates correlation analysis and fault location analysis. Simultaneously, the integrated quench detector offers multiple selectable quench algorithm models, allowing the selection of one or more models to be enabled or disabled based on different tested objects to achieve quench logic judgment. In addition, a distributed quench detection system architecture is constructed, and a data analysis platform is built to achieve data storage, management, and analysis.

[0077] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this disclosure. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of this disclosure and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure should be included within the protection scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A distributed quench detection system for a particle accelerator therapy device, characterized in that, It includes a client control layer, a middleware service layer, and a distributed, integrated timeout detector, among which: The client control layer provides a human-machine interface to enable remote control of quench failure parameters configuration, quench failure waveform data monitoring and storage management. The intermediate service layer is used to collect, store and manage the timestamp data generated during the operation of the distributed quench detection system, run the server control program to monitor the equipment parameters and status of the integrated quench detectors distributed in different areas of the treatment device, establish a data analysis model based on the system operation data to statistically analyze the voltage change characteristics of the superconducting magnet quench process and to centrally monitor the entire distributed quench detection system. An integrated quench detector is used to receive the coil voltage of the superconducting magnet unit in the particle accelerator therapy device. After high-voltage isolation, signal filtering, and logic judgment, the coil voltage is output as a dual-redundant quench protection optical / electrical signal to trigger quench protection action and protect the superconducting magnet of the particle accelerator therapy device from quench. The distributed integrated quench detector communicates with the client control layer and the intermediate service layer through a high-speed Ethernet and time system network. The hardware of the integrated quench detector consists of a signal conditioning circuit, a low-voltage acquisition circuit, a high-voltage acquisition circuit, a programmable on-chip system circuit, a time acquisition circuit, and an analog / digital interface circuit. The signal conditioning circuit is used to attenuate, amplify, and filter the coil analog voltage signal corresponding to the sudden change in high voltage during normal operation and quenching of the superconducting magnet unit, and process it into a voltage signal that conforms to the input dynamic range of the low-voltage acquisition circuit and the high-voltage acquisition circuit. The low-voltage acquisition circuit is used to synchronously acquire the processed voltage signal through multiple channels using a fixed range based on a multi-channel analog-to-digital converter. The high-voltage acquisition circuit is used to acquire the working voltage of the selected detection channel during the entire process of the superconducting magnet losing quench, at the moment of losing quench, and after losing quench. It also matches analog-to-digital converters of different ranges according to the input voltage range to synchronously acquire multiple voltages. The programmable system-on-a-chip circuit is used to filter the processed voltage signal synchronously acquired by the low-voltage acquisition circuit, and then perform quench detection logic control based on voltage detection method to generate a quench protection signal; the time acquisition circuit is used to acquire timestamp information through the time system network based on different types of time synchronization protocols, to provide a unified time reference for the distributed integrated quench detector, and to timestamp the process action changes and running data based on this time. An analog / digital interface circuit is used to output a dual-redundant quench protection optical / electrical signal based on the quench protection signal to trigger the quench protection action and provide quench protection for the superconducting magnet of the particle accelerator treatment device.

2. The distributed queuing detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intermediate service layer includes a database server, a quench detection system server, a data analysis platform, a central monitoring system server, and a cryogenic system server; A database server is used to collect, store, and manage timestamp data generated during the operation of the distributed overrun detection system. The timestamp data is used to provide a reliable data source for data traceability and correlation analysis. The hysteresis detection system server is used to run server-side control programs to monitor the device parameters and status of the integrated hysteresis detectors distributed in different areas of the treatment device, and to serve as an engineering workstation to perform maintenance and debugging of the distributed hysteresis detection system. The data analysis platform is used to statistically analyze the voltage change characteristics during the quenching process of a superconducting magnet by establishing a data analysis model based on the system operation data stored in the database server. The central monitoring system server is used for centralized monitoring of the entire distributed achalasia detection system and other subsystems of the treatment device; The cryogenic system server is used to interact with the integrated quench detector in real time. In the event of liquid helium evaporation anomalies or other anomalies that provide a cryogenic operating environment for the superconducting magnet unit, the integrated quench detector actively triggers the quench control to output a quench protection optical / electrical signal.

3. The distributed queuing detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The analog / digital interface circuit is also used to receive external trigger signals to actively trigger the integrated quench detector to output a quench protection signal to trigger quench protection action, and to receive external enable signals to start or stop the quench detection function of the quench detector, so as to realize linkage control with other systems.

4. The distributed queuing detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal conditioning circuit is equipped with different amplification levels, and by switching between different amplification levels, the attenuated coil analog voltage signal is amplified by different factors.

5. The distributed queuing detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The programmable system-on-a-chip circuit operates a failover service logic unit and an embedded system. The quench failure business logic unit is used to run the quench failure detection algorithm, and to perform digital filtering, quench failure detection logic control, time parsing, storage management, quench failure confirmation, status marking and fault status inspection on the processed voltage signal synchronously acquired by the low voltage acquisition circuit and the multi-channel voltage synchronously acquired by the high voltage acquisition circuit. An embedded system is used to run embedded system software and applications, interact with the control program of the client control layer, receive the overrun detection parameters and control commands loaded by the client control layer, and send the timestamp marker data generated by the overrun business logic unit to the client control layer for real-time display.

6. The distributed queuing detection system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The failover service logic unit runs multiple failover detection algorithms in different modes. Each failover detection algorithm has a control switch to start or stop. By controlling the switch to turn one or more modes on or off, failover detection is performed by selecting one failover detection algorithm or by fusing multiple failover detection algorithms in different modes, and a failover protection signal is output.

7. The distributed queuing detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each channel's analog-to-digital converter is equipped with a corresponding buffer area to cache data collected synchronously from multiple channels, and the data in the buffer area is stored and managed by the failover protection signal triggered by the failover business logic unit.

8. The distributed queuing detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The analog / digital interface circuit provides an optical signal output interface, an electrical signal output interface, an external trigger input interface, and an external enable input interface. It synchronously outputs quench protection optical signals and quench protection electrical signals to the quench protection circuit, power controller, or interlocking system of the particle accelerator therapy device through the optical signal output interface and the electrical signal output interface, respectively. It receives external trigger signals through the external enable input interface to actively trigger the quench detector to output a quench protection signal. It receives external enable signals through the external enable input interface to start or stop the quench detection function of the quench detector.

9. The distributed queuing detection system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The optical signal interface adopts a detachable modular circuit structure and is connected and fixed to the base circuit board via pin headers.

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