Horizontal well expandable optical fiber insertion device and insertion method

Abstract

This invention relates to a horizontal well-mounted, expandable optical fiber insertion device and its insertion method. The device includes a guide tube containing a guide head with a mounting groove. A support claw is rotatably mounted at one end of the mounting groove, and a spring is fixed to the inner side of the support claw. A sealing groove with a sealing ring is located on the outer periphery of the guide head's rear end. The middle portion of the optical fiber is fixed to the rear end of the guide head, and a steel wire rope is also fixedly mounted thereto. A pressure cap is fixed to the top of the guide tube. Both ends of the steel wire rope and the optical fiber pass through the pressure cap. Optical fiber signal detectors are connected to both ends of the optical fiber. A pressure tube is fixed to one side of the top of the guide tube, and a mud pump is connected to the other end of the pressure tube. This invention allows the optical fiber to be rapidly inserted from the surface into the bottom of a deep rock deformation monitoring horizontal well through the guide tube and securely fixed. During the safe lifting of the guide tube to the surface, the fixed guide head and optical fiber will not be pulled out, solving the problem of not being able to insert settlement monitoring optical fibers into horizontal wells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a horizontal well-openable optical fiber insertion device and method, belonging to the field of horizontal well optical fiber insertion technology. Background Technology

[0002] Horizontal wells are wells with an inclination angle of 90° or close to 90°, drilled horizontally for a certain length. After mining, distributed optical fibers need to be placed inside the well to monitor well settlement. Currently, all deep rock deformation monitoring in mines is done in vertical wells. In vertical wells, only a counterweight or hanger is needed to insert the optical fiber; fixing it to the bottom of the borehole is unnecessary. However, because horizontal wells have a long horizontal section at one end, this method of fiber placement is not suitable for horizontal wells. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a horizontal well optical fiber placement device and its placement method. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a horizontal well expandable optical fiber insertion device and its insertion method, solving the problem that current optical fiber insertion devices and methods are only applicable to vertical wells and not to horizontal wells.

[0004] This invention relates to a horizontal well-insertable optical fiber placement device, comprising a guide tube lowered into the horizontal well, the lower end of the guide tube being spaced from the lower end of the horizontal well, an expandable guide head inside the guide tube, at least one set of mounting grooves on the outer side of the front middle part of the guide head, each set of mounting grooves being evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the guide head, a support claw being rotatably mounted at one end of each mounting groove, a spring being fixed on the inner side of the middle of the support claw, a fixing hole being provided in the middle of the mounting groove, the other end of the spring being fixed in the mounting hole, the guide head being stepped in shape with a front diameter smaller than the rear diameter, a sealing groove being provided on the outer periphery of the rear end of the guide head, a sealing ring being provided in the sealing groove, the middle part of the optical fiber being fixed at the rear end of the guide head, a steel wire rope being fixedly mounted at the rear end of the guide head, a pressure cap being fixed at the top of the guide tube, both ends of the steel wire rope and the optical fiber passing through the pressure cap, optical fiber signal detectors being connected to both ends of the optical fiber, a pressure tube being fixed on one side of the top of the guide tube, and a mud pump being connected to the other end of the pressure tube.

[0005] Preferably, a second sealing ring is provided between the gland and the conduit, and a third sealing ring is provided between the optical fiber and the gland. A through hole is provided in the middle of the gland, and sealing sleeves are threaded to both ends of the through hole. A second sealing groove is provided inside the sealing sleeve, and a fourth sealing ring is provided inside the second sealing groove. Sealing structures are provided between the wire rope and the gland, and between the optical fiber and the gland, to better seal the gland and prevent leakage.

[0006] Preferably, the rear end of the guide head has a hemispherical groove, within which a universal ball is housed. A pressure plate is fixed to the rear end of the guide head, with an extension hole in the center for the universal ball to extend out. A connecting rod is fixed to the outer end of the universal ball, and a mounting plate is fixed to the other end of the connecting rod. A support column is fixed to the outer side of the mounting plate, and a fixing plate is fixed to the outer end of the support column. A pull ring for fixing a steel wire rope is located in the center of the outer end of the fixing plate. A sliding sleeve is provided on the support column, and a connecting plate is provided between the two sliding sleeves. A locking bolt is provided on the outer side of the sliding sleeve. A pressure block one is fixed to the outer side of the connecting plate, and a pressure block two is provided on the inner side of the fixing plate. Pressure blocks one and two have mutually cooperating semi-circular pressure grooves on opposite sides. The middle of the optical fiber is pressed tightly by pressure blocks one and two to prevent slippage. The distance between pressure blocks one and two can be adjusted by loosening the locking bolt to facilitate the insertion of the optical fiber. Furthermore, the optical fiber fixing point can move omnidirectionally relative to the guide head to prevent the optical fiber from twisting or pulling.

[0007] Preferably, a pair of ear plates are fixed to the middle of the outer side of the support claw, and a support guide wheel is rotatably installed between the ear plates. An anti-slip layer is fixed in the pressure groove, and the distance between the bottom end of the guide tube and the bottom of the horizontal well is 1m-2m. The support guide wheel is rotatably installed on the middle outer side of the support claw, which allows the support claw to roll in contact with the inner wall of the guide tube when the guide head is inserted into the guide tube, reducing friction and facilitating the advancement of the guide head.

[0008] Preferably, a base plate is provided on one side of the top of the conduit, and a square support rod is fixed to the top of the base plate. An adjusting sleeve is fitted onto the support rod, and a connecting rod is fixed to the outside of the adjusting sleeve. A bracket is fixed to the top of the connecting rod, and a steel wire rope guide wheel is rotatably mounted on the bracket. Optical fiber guide wheels are rotatably mounted on the bracket on both sides of the steel wire rope. A limit plate is fixed to the top of the support rod, and a butterfly-shaped adjusting bolt is provided on the adjusting sleeve. This design allows for steering and guidance of the steel wire rope and optical fiber protruding section of the conduit, reducing wear on the steel wire rope and optical fiber. Furthermore, the height of the optical fiber guide wheel and the steel wire rope guide wheel can be adjusted as needed to adapt to different requirements.

[0009] Preferably, a mounting frame is provided on the side of the base plate away from the conduit. Both the mounting frame and the base plate are fixed to the ground by inserting rods, and a wire rope reel is rotatably mounted on the mounting frame.

[0010] Preferably, the wire rope reel has fiber optic spools on both its front and rear sides. The fiber optic spools are supported at both ends by support bases, and a fixing frame is fixed to the bottom of each support base. Each fiber optic spool has two circular baffles, and each fiber optic spool has a mounting hole at one end. A fiber optic rotary connector is fixed to the outer end of the mounting hole. A through-hole connecting the mounting hole is provided on the fiber optic spool between the two baffles. The outer end of the fiber optic rotary connector is connected to a fiber optic signal detector via an optical fiber. The wire rope reel and fiber optic spools can be used to wind up the un-deployed wire rope and optical fiber, and as the optical fiber is deployed, the wire rope and fiber optic cable are unwound.

[0011] Preferably, a semi-circular pressure sleeve is provided above the other end of the optical fiber reel. Screw sleeves are fixed at both ends of the pressure sleeve, and adjusting bolts are installed inside the screw sleeves. Adjusting nuts are threaded to the lower ends of the adjusting bolts, and a support plate is fixed between the two adjusting nuts. The support plate is fixed to a mounting frame, and a wear-resistant and anti-slip layer is provided between the pressure sleeve and the optical fiber reel. This allows adjustment of the tightness of the pressure sleeve pressing against the optical fiber reel, thereby adjusting the friction at both ends of the optical fiber reel and thus adjusting the tightness when unwinding the optical fiber, resulting in a more orderly unwinding of the optical fiber.

[0012] This invention also provides a method for inserting optical fiber into a horizontal well, comprising the following steps: S1, firstly, lowering a guide tube into the horizontal well, with the bottom end of the guide tube 1m to 2m from the bottom of the well; S2, connecting a mud pump to the upper side of the guide tube via a pressure pipe, then fixing the middle of the optical fiber to the tail of the guide head, and then fixing one end of a steel wire rope to the tail of the guide head, then pressing down the support claw to insert the guide head from the top opening of the guide tube, pressing the guide head so that the tail end of the guide head is below the pressure pipe, then passing both ends of the optical fiber through the pressure cap, and passing the other end of the steel wire rope through the sealing sleeve, then fixing the pressure cap on the top of the guide tube, and connecting both ends of the optical fiber to an optical fiber signal detector. S3. The mud pump starts and delivers mud into the guide tube through the pressurization pipe. The pump pressure of the mud pump slowly sends the guide head connected to the optical fiber along the guide tube to the bottom of the horizontal well. Then the mud pump is stopped. When the guide head is sent in, the optical fiber signal detector monitors the continuity of the optical fiber. After the guide head is sent out of the guide tube, the support claw will automatically open under the action of the spring force. The support claw will tightly support the horizontal well wall with the shape of barbs, and firmly fix the optical fiber to the bottom of the horizontal well. S4. Remove the pressure cap and pressurization pipe, and then pull the guide tube out of the horizontal well. When pulling out the guide tube, the support claw will tightly support the horizontal well wall, and the guide head and optical fiber will not be taken out when the guide tube is pulled out.

[0013] Preferably, in step S1, when lowering the guide pipe, the top of the guide pipe is hoisted by the lifting equipment on the drilling rig, and then the guide pipe is lowered into the horizontal well by its own weight; in step S2, the wire rope passes through the sealing sleeve in the pressure cover, then passes through the wire rope guide wheel and is wound on the wire rope reel, and the optical fiber passes through the pressure cover, then passes through the optical fiber guide wheel and is wound on the optical fiber reel shaft; in step S4, the guide pipe is lifted by the lifting equipment on the drilling rig.

[0014] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. The optical fiber can be quickly inserted from the ground through the guide tube into the bottom of the horizontal well for deep rock deformation monitoring and can be firmly fixed. During the process of the guide tube being safely raised to the ground, the fixed guide head and the optical fiber will not be pulled out, thus solving the problem that the optical fiber for settlement monitoring cannot be inserted into the horizontal well.

[0016] 2. When the guide head is placed into the conduit along with the optical fiber, the guide head can be suspended by a steel wire rope to prevent the guide head from being suddenly subjected to excessive pressure and causing the optical fiber to break, thus protecting the optical fiber. Furthermore, when the optical fiber is lowered into the horizontal well, optical fiber signal detectors can be connected to both ends of the optical fiber to detect the continuity of the optical fiber in real time. If a break occurs during the lowering of the optical fiber, it can be detected immediately.

[0017] 3. Sealing structures are provided between the wire rope and the gland, and between the optical fiber and the gland, which can better seal the gland and prevent leakage.

[0018] 4. The middle of the optical fiber is secured by clamping blocks one and two to prevent slippage. The spacing between clamping blocks one and two can be adjusted by loosening the locking screws to facilitate fiber insertion. Additionally, the fiber fixing point can move omnidirectionally relative to the guide head to prevent fiber twisting.

[0019] 5. A support guide wheel is rotatably installed on the outer side of the middle of the support claw. When the guide head is inserted into the guide tube and moves forward, the support claw and the inner wall of the guide tube are in rolling contact, which reduces friction and facilitates the advancement of the guide head.

[0020] 6. It can provide steering support and guidance for the steel wire rope and optical fiber extension section, reducing wear on the steel wire rope and optical fiber. Furthermore, the height of the optical fiber guide wheel and steel wire rope guide wheel can be adjusted as needed to adapt to different requirements.

[0021] 7. The steel wire rope and optical fiber that have not yet been lowered can be wound up using a steel wire rope reel and an optical fiber reel. As the optical fiber and steel wire rope are lowered, the reel is broken up. The tightness of the clamping sleeve on the optical fiber reel can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the friction at both ends of the reel and thus regulating the tightness of the fiber breaking process, resulting in a more orderly lowering of the optical fiber. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the guide tip's structure inside the catheter;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the guide head structure;

[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A partial structural diagram;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the right side structure of the wire rope guide wheel;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the steel wire rope guide wheel.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical fiber reel;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the pressure sleeve;

[0030] In the diagram: 1. Fiber optic signal detector; 2. Wire rope reel; 3. Mounting frame; 4. Base plate; 5. Wire rope; 6. Guide pipe; 7. Horizontal well; 8. Guide head; 9. Mud pump; 10. Universal ball; 11. Pressure plate; 12. Mounting plate; 13. Sliding sleeve; 14. Fixing plate; 15. Pull ring; 16. Connecting plate; 17. Pressure block two; 18. Fiber optic cable; 19. Support column; 20. Pressure block one; 21. Locking bolt; 22. Connecting rod; 23. Sealing ring one; 24. Mounting groove; 25. Spring; 26. Support claw; 27. Support guide wheel; 28. 1. Pressure tube; 29. ​​Sealing ring II; 30. Connecting rod; 31. Adjusting sleeve; 32. Support rod; 33. Adjusting bolt I; 34. Limiting plate; 35. Bracket; 36. Wire rope guide wheel; 37. Sealing ring IV; 38. Sealing sleeve; 39. Pressure cap; 40. Fiber guide wheel; 41. Sealing ring III; 42. Fiber reel; 43. Mounting hole; 44. Baffle plate; 45. Support base; 46. Support plate; 47. Adjusting nut; 48. Pressure sleeve; 49. Adjusting bolt II; 50. Screw sleeve; 51. Fiber optic rotary connector; 52. Wear-resistant and anti-slip layer. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0032] Example 1, as Figures 1 to 8 As shown, this invention is a horizontal well-type expandable optical fiber insertion device, including a conduit 6 lowered into a horizontal well 7. The lower end of the conduit 6 is spaced from the lower end of the horizontal well 7. An expandable guide head 8 is provided inside the conduit 6. At least one set of mounting grooves 24 are provided on the outer side of the front middle part of the guide head 8. Each set of mounting grooves 24 is evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the guide head 8. A support claw 26 is rotatably mounted on one end of each mounting groove 24. A spring 25 is fixed on the inner side of the middle of the support claw 26. A fixing hole is provided in the middle of the mounting groove 24. The other end of the spring 25 is fixed. Inside the mounting hole 43, the guide head 8 is stepped with a front diameter smaller than the rear diameter. A sealing groove is provided on the outer periphery of the rear end of the guide head 8, and a sealing ring 23 is provided in the sealing groove. The middle part of the optical fiber 18 is fixed at the rear end of the guide head 8. A steel wire rope 5 is also fixedly installed at the rear end of the guide head 8. A pressure cap 39 is fixed at the top of the conduit 6. Both ends of the steel wire rope 5 and the optical fiber 18 pass through the pressure cap 39. Both ends of the optical fiber 18 are connected to an optical fiber signal detector 1. A pressure tube 28 is fixed on one side of the top of the conduit 6. The other end of the pressure tube 28 is connected to a mud pump 9.

[0033] The diameter of a horizontal well is typically 152 mm, and the outer diameter of the guide tube is typically 89 mm. Six support claws 26 are generally used, with three evenly distributed around the outer circumference of the guide head 8 in each group. Each support claw 26 has a pointed tip at its outer end. The support claw 26 can also be configured as a torsion spring structure on the rotating shaft.

[0034] A second sealing ring 29 is provided between the gland 39 and the conduit 6, and a third sealing ring 41 is provided between the optical fiber 18 and the gland 39. The gland 39 has a through hole in the middle, and sealing sleeves 38 are threaded to both ends of the through hole. A second sealing groove is provided inside the sealing sleeve 38, and a fourth sealing ring 37 is provided inside the second sealing groove. The sealing sleeve 38 can be removed from the gland for easy installation and replacement of the fourth sealing ring 37.

[0035] The rear end of the guide head 8 is provided with a hemispherical groove, and a universal ball 10 is provided in the hemispherical groove. A pressure plate 11 is fixed to the rear end of the guide head 8. An extension hole for the universal ball 10 to extend is provided in the middle of the pressure plate 11. A connecting rod 22 is fixed to the outer end of the universal ball 10. A mounting plate 12 is fixed to the other end of the connecting rod 22. A support column 19 is fixed to the outer side of the mounting plate 12. A fixing plate 14 is fixed to the outer end of the support column 19. A pull ring 15 for fixing the steel wire rope 5 is provided in the middle of the outer end of the fixing plate 14. A sliding sleeve 13 is provided on the support column 19. A connecting plate 16 is provided between the two sliding sleeves 13. A locking bolt 21 is provided on the outer side of the sliding sleeve 13. A pressure block 20 is fixed to the outer side of the connecting plate 16. A pressure block 17 is provided on the inner side of the fixing plate 14. A semi-circular pressure groove that cooperates with each other is provided on the opposite side of the pressure block 20 and the pressure block 17.

[0036] A pair of ear plates are fixed to the middle of the outer side of the support claw 26. A support guide wheel 27 is rotatably installed between the ear plates. An anti-slip layer is fixed in the pressure groove. The distance between the bottom end of the guide tube 6 and the bottom of the horizontal well 7 is 1m-2m. Figure 2 The structure for compression of the support claw 26.

[0037] When placing the optical fiber 18, first loosen the locking bolt 21, then move the sliding sleeve 13 to the right to create sufficient spacing between the pressure block 17 and the pressure block 20. Then, pass one end of the optical fiber 18 between the pressure block 17 and the pressure block 20, ensuring that the middle of the optical fiber 18 is located within the pressure groove of the pressure block 17 and the pressure block 20. Then, slide the sliding sleeve 13 to the left to press the middle of the optical fiber 18 firmly against the pressure block 17 and the pressure block 20. Finally, tighten the locking bolt 21. Secure the optical fiber 18 in a U-shape.

[0038] A base plate 4 is provided on one side of the top of the conduit 6. A square support rod 32 is fixed on the top of the base plate 4. An adjusting sleeve 31 is fitted on the support rod 32. A connecting rod 30 is fixed on the outside of the adjusting sleeve 31. A bracket 35 is fixed on the top of the connecting rod 30. A wire rope guide wheel 36 is rotatably mounted on the bracket 35. Fiber optic guide wheels 40 are rotatably mounted on the bracket 35 on both sides of the wire rope 5. A limit plate 34 is fixed on the top of the support rod 32. A butterfly-shaped adjusting bolt 33 is provided on the adjusting sleeve 31.

[0039] A mounting bracket 3 is provided on the side of the base plate 4 away from the conduit 6. Both the mounting bracket 3 and the base plate 4 are fixed to the ground by inserting rods. A wire rope reel 2 is rotatably mounted on the mounting bracket 3.

[0040] The steel wire rope reel 2 is equipped with optical fiber reels 42 on both the front and rear sides. The two ends of the optical fiber reels 42 are supported by support seats 45. The bottom of the support seats 45 is fixed with a fixing frame, which is fixed to the ground. Each optical fiber reel 42 is fixed with two circular baffles 44. Each optical fiber reel 42 is provided with a mounting hole 43 at one end. An optical fiber rotary connector 51 is fixed to the outer end of the mounting hole 43. The optical fiber reel 42 between the two baffles 44 is provided with a wire hole that connects to the mounting hole 43. The outer end of the optical fiber rotary connector 51 is connected to the optical fiber signal detector 1 through an optical fiber 18.

[0041] A semi-circular pressure sleeve 48 is provided above the other end of the optical fiber reel 42. Screw sleeves 50 are fixed at both ends of the pressure sleeve 48. Adjusting bolts 49 are provided inside the screw sleeves 50. Adjusting nuts 47 are threaded to the lower end of the adjusting bolts 49. A support plate 46 is fixed between the two adjusting nuts 47. The support plate 46 is fixed on the fixing frame. A wear-resistant and anti-slip layer 52 is provided between the pressure sleeve 48 and the optical fiber reel 42.

[0042] Example 2: This invention also provides a method for inserting an optical fiber 18 into a horizontal well 7. This method is completed using the insertion device in Example 1, and includes the following steps: S1: First, lower the conduit 6 into the horizontal well 7, with the bottom end of the conduit 6 1m to 2m from the bottom of the horizontal well 7; S2: Connect the mud pump 9 to the upper side of the conduit 6 through the pressurizing pipe 28, then fix the middle of the optical fiber 18 to the tail of the guide head 8, and then fix one end of the steel wire rope 5 to the tail of the guide head 8. Then press down the support claw 26 to insert the guide head 8 from the top opening of the conduit 6, pressing the guide head 8 so that the tail end of the guide head 8 is below the pressurizing pipe 28. Then pass both ends of the optical fiber 18 through the pressure cap 39, and pass the other end of the steel wire rope 5 through the sealing sleeve 38. Then fix the pressure cap 39 on the top of the conduit 6, and then place both ends of the optical fiber 18 through the pressure cap 39. Connect the fiber optic signal detector 1; S3, start the mud pump 9 and deliver mud into the guide tube 6 through the pressurization pipe 28. Use the pump pressure of the mud pump 9 to slowly send the guide head 8 connected to the optical fiber 18 along the guide tube 6 to the bottom of the horizontal well 7. Then stop the mud pump 9. When sending the guide head 8, the fiber optic signal detector 1 monitors the continuity of the optical fiber 18. After the guide head 8 is sent out of the guide tube 6, the support claw 26 will automatically open under the force of the spring 25. The support claw 26 will tightly support the well wall of the horizontal well 7 in the shape of barbs, and firmly fix the optical fiber 18 to the bottom of the horizontal well 7; S4, remove the pressure cap 39 and the pressurization pipe 28, and then pull the guide tube 6 out of the horizontal well 7. When pulling out the guide tube 6, the support claw 26 will tightly support the well wall of the horizontal well 7, and the guide head 8 and the optical fiber 18 will not be pulled out when the guide tube 6 is pulled out.

[0043] In step S1, when lowering the guide pipe 6, the top of the guide pipe 6 is hoisted by the lifting equipment on the drilling rig, and then the guide pipe 6 is lowered into the horizontal well 7 by its own weight; in step S2, the wire rope 5 passes through the sealing sleeve 38 in the pressure cover 39, then passes through the wire rope guide wheel 36 and is wound on the wire rope reel 2, and the optical fiber 18 passes through the pressure cover 39, then passes through the optical fiber guide wheel 40 and is wound on the optical fiber 18 reel shaft; in step S4, the guide pipe 6 is lifted by the lifting equipment on the drilling rig.

[0044] In summary, this invention enables the rapid insertion of optical fiber from the ground through a conduit into the bottom of a horizontal well for monitoring deep rock deformation. The fiber is securely fixed, and during the safe lifting of the conduit to the ground, the fixed guide head and optical fiber are not carried out, solving the problem of not being able to insert settlement monitoring optical fibers into the horizontal well. When the guide head is inserted into the conduit along with the optical fiber, it can be suspended by a steel wire rope to prevent sudden excessive pressure on the guide head and thus prevent the optical fiber from breaking, protecting the fiber. Furthermore, when the optical fiber is lowered into the horizontal well, optical fiber signal detectors can be connected to both ends of the fiber to monitor its continuity in real time, allowing for immediate detection of any fiber breakage during lowering. Sealing structures are provided between the steel wire rope and the pressure cap, and between the optical fiber and the pressure cap, ensuring better sealing of the pressure cap and preventing leakage. The middle of the optical fiber is secured by two pressure blocks to prevent slippage, and the spacing between the two pressure blocks can be adjusted by loosening the locking bolts, facilitating fiber insertion. Additionally, the fiber fixing point can move omnidirectionally relative to the guide head to prevent the fiber from twisting. A support guide wheel is rotatably mounted on the outer side of the support claw. This allows the support claw to roll against the inner wall of the guide tube as the guide head is inserted, reducing friction and facilitating the guide head's advance. It can also provide steering and guidance for the steel wire rope and optical fiber sections extending from the guide tube, reducing wear on the steel wire rope and optical fiber. The height of the fiber guide wheel and steel wire rope guide wheel can be adjusted as needed to adapt to different requirements. The steel wire rope reel and optical fiber spool can be used to wind up the steel wire rope and optical fiber before they are lowered, and the fiber and steel wire rope are unwound as they are lowered. The tightness of the clamping sleeve on the optical fiber spool can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the friction at both ends of the optical fiber spool, and thus adjusting the tightness of the fiber unwinding process, resulting in more orderly fiber unwinding.

[0045] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0046] In the description of this invention, the terms "inner", "outer", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and do not require that this invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

Claims

1. A horizontal well expandable optical fiber insertion device, comprising a conduit (6) inserted into a horizontal well (7), characterized in that: The lower end of the guide tube (6) is spaced from the lower end of the horizontal well (7). The guide tube (6) is equipped with an expandable guide head (8). The outer side of the front part of the guide head (8) is provided with at least one set of mounting grooves (24). Each set of mounting grooves (24) is evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the guide head (8). A support claw (26) is rotatably mounted at one end of each mounting groove (24). A spring (25) is fixed on the inner side of the middle of the support claw (26). A fixing hole is provided in the middle of the mounting groove (24). The other end of the spring (25) is fixed in the mounting hole (43). The diameter of the front end of the guide head (8) is smaller than that of the rear end. The diameter is stepped. A sealing groove is provided on the outer periphery of the rear end of the guide head (8). A sealing ring (23) is provided in the sealing groove. The middle part of the optical fiber (18) is fixed at the rear end of the guide head (8). A steel wire rope (5) is also fixedly installed at the rear end of the guide head (8). A pressure cap (39) is fixed at the top of the conduit (6). Both ends of the steel wire rope (5) and the optical fiber (18) pass through the pressure cap (39). The two ends of the optical fiber (18) are connected to the optical fiber signal detector (1). A pressure tube (28) is fixed on one side of the top of the conduit (6). The other end of the pressure tube (28) is connected to the mud pump (9). The rear end of the guide head (8) is provided with a hemispherical groove, and a universal ball (10) is provided in the hemispherical groove. A pressure plate (11) is fixed to the rear end of the guide head (8). An extension hole for the universal ball (10) to extend is provided in the middle of the pressure plate (11). A connecting rod (22) is fixed to the outer end of the universal ball (10). A mounting plate (12) is fixed to the other end of the connecting rod (22). A support column (19) is fixed to the outside of the mounting plate (12). A fixing plate (14) is fixed to the outer end of the support column (19). (14) A pull ring (15) for fixing the steel wire rope (5) is provided in the middle of the outer end. A sliding sleeve (13) is provided on the support column (19). A connecting plate (16) is provided between the sliding sleeves (13) on both sides. A locking bolt (21) is provided on the outer side of the sliding sleeve (13). A pressure block one (20) is fixed on the outer side of the connecting plate (16). A pressure block two (17) is provided on the inner side of the fixing plate (14). A semi-circular pressure groove that cooperates with each other is provided on the opposite side of the pressure block one (20) and the pressure block two (17).

2. The horizontal well-openable optical fiber insertion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing ring 2 (29) is provided between the pressure cap (39) and the conduit (6), and a sealing ring 3 (41) is provided between the optical fiber (18) and the pressure cap (39). A through hole is provided in the middle of the pressure cap (39), and a sealing sleeve (38) is threaded to both ends of the through hole. A sealing groove 2 is provided inside the sealing sleeve (38), and a sealing ring 4 (37) is provided inside the sealing groove 2.

3. The horizontal well-openable optical fiber insertion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pair of ear plates are fixed in the middle of the outer side of the support claw (26), and a support guide wheel (27) is installed between the ear plates. An anti-slip layer is fixed in the pressure groove. The distance between the bottom of the guide tube (6) and the bottom of the horizontal well (7) is 1m-2m.

4. The horizontal well-openable optical fiber insertion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A base plate (4) is provided on one side of the top of the conduit (6). A square support rod (32) is fixed on the top of the base plate (4). An adjusting sleeve (31) is fitted on the support rod (32). A connecting rod (30) is fixed on the outside of the adjusting sleeve (31). A bracket (35) is fixed on the top of the connecting rod (30). A wire rope guide wheel (36) is rotatably installed on the bracket (35). Fiber guide wheels (40) are rotatably installed on both sides of the wire rope (5) on the bracket (35). A limit plate (34) is fixed on the top of the support rod (32). A butterfly-shaped adjusting bolt (33) is provided on the adjusting sleeve (31).

5. The horizontal well-openable optical fiber insertion device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A mounting bracket (3) is provided on the side of the base plate (4) away from the conduit (6). Both the mounting bracket (3) and the base plate (4) are fixed to the ground by inserting rods. A wire rope reel (2) is rotatably mounted on the mounting bracket (3).

6. The horizontal well-openable optical fiber insertion device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The front and rear sides of the wire rope reel (2) are provided with optical fiber reels (42). The two ends of the optical fiber reels (42) are supported by support seats (45). The bottom of the support seats (45) is fixed with a fixing frame, which is fixed on the ground. Each optical fiber reel (42) is fixed with two circular baffles (44). Each optical fiber reel (42) is provided with an installation hole (43) at one end. An optical fiber rotary connector (51) is fixed at the outer end of the installation hole (43). The optical fiber reel (42) between the two baffles (44) is provided with a wire hole that connects to the installation hole (43). The outer end of the optical fiber rotary connector (51) is connected to the optical fiber signal detector (1) through an optical fiber (18).

7. The horizontal well-openable optical fiber insertion device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A semi-circular pressure sleeve (48) is provided above the other end of the optical fiber reel (42). Screw sleeves (50) are fixed at both ends of the pressure sleeve (48). Adjusting bolts (49) are provided inside the screw sleeves (50). Adjusting nuts (47) are threaded to the lower end of the adjusting bolts (49). A support plate (46) is fixed between the two adjusting nuts (47). The support plate (46) is fixed on the fixing frame. A wear-resistant and anti-slip layer (52) is provided between the pressure sleeve (48) and the optical fiber reel (42).

8. A method for inserting optical fiber into a horizontal well, comprising the method for inserting the expandable optical fiber insertion device into a horizontal well as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, first lower the guide tube (6) into the horizontal well (7), with the bottom of the guide tube (6) 1m to 2m from the bottom of the horizontal well (7); S2, connect the mud pump (9) to the upper side of the guide tube (6) through the pressurizing pipe (28), then fix the middle of the optical fiber (18) to the tail of the guide head (8), then fix one end of the steel wire rope (5) to the tail of the guide head (8), then press down the support claw (26) to insert the guide head (8) from the top opening of the guide tube (6), press the guide head (8) so that the tail of the guide head (8) is below the pressurizing pipe (28), then insert the optical fiber (18) into the guide head (9). 18) Pass both ends through the pressure cap (39), pass the other end of the wire rope (5) through the sealing sleeve (38), and then fix the pressure cap (39) on the top of the guide tube (6). Connect both ends of the optical fiber (18) to the optical fiber signal detector (1); S3, start the mud pump (9) and deliver mud into the guide tube (6) through the pressurization pipe (28). Use the pump pressure of the mud pump (9) to slowly send the guide head (8) connected to the optical fiber (18) along the guide tube (6) to the bottom of the horizontal well (7). Then stop the mud pump (9). When sending the guide head (8), the optical fiber signal detector (1) monitors the optical fiber (18). Regarding the on / off status of the guide head (8), after the guide head (8) is sent out of the guide tube (6), the support claw (26) will automatically open under the force of the spring (25). The support claw (26) will tightly support the wall of the horizontal well (7) in the shape of barbs, and firmly fix the optical fiber (18) to the bottom of the horizontal well (7); S4, remove the pressure cap (39) and the pressure tube (28), and then pull the guide tube (6) out of the horizontal well (7). When pulling out the guide tube (6), the support claw (26) will tightly support the wall of the horizontal well (7), and the guide head (8) and the optical fiber (18) will not be pulled out when the guide tube (6) is pulled out; Specifically, when placing the optical fiber... When fixing the fiber (18), first loosen the locking bolt (21), then move the sliding sleeve (13) to the right so that the pressure block one (20) and pressure block two (17) have enough space. Then pass one end of the fiber (18) through the pressure block one (20) and pressure block two (17) so that the middle of the fiber (18) is in the pressure groove of pressure block one (20) and pressure block two (17). Then slide the sliding sleeve (13) to the left so that pressure block one (20) and pressure block two (17) press the middle of the fiber (18). Then tighten the locking bolt (21) to fix the fiber (18) in a U-shape.

9. The method for inserting optical fibers in a horizontal well according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S1, when lowering the guide pipe (6), the top of the guide pipe (6) is hoisted by the lifting equipment on the drilling rig, and then the guide pipe (6) is lowered into the horizontal well (7) by its own weight. In step S2, the wire rope (5) passes through the sealing sleeve (38) in the pressure cover (39), then passes through the wire rope guide wheel (36) and is wound on the wire rope reel (2). The optical fiber (18) passes through the pressure cover (39), then passes through the optical fiber guide wheel (40) and is wound on the optical fiber (18) reel shaft. In step S4, the guide pipe (6) is lifted by the lifting equipment on the drilling rig.

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