Concrete buoys that can precisely control surfacing and diving

Abstract

The present invention discloses a concrete buoy capable of precisely controlled buoyancy. The buoy comprises: a gas-liquid exchange portion, wherein a counterweight cavity is provided within the gas-liquid exchange portion. The counterweight cavity counterweights the concrete buoy by flowing seawater in and out; an equipment portion, located below the gas-liquid exchange portion and equipped with a gas-liquid exchange device. The gas-liquid exchange device comprises: a first air pump for venting air and allowing water to flow into the counterweight cavity, causing the concrete buoy to dive; and a second air pump for venting air and allowing water to flow into the counterweight cavity, causing the concrete buoy to float. The buoy also includes a channel for allowing seawater to flow into and out of the counterweight cavity. The present invention is a concrete offshore buoy structure that can ensure the stable and precise buoyancy and submergence of the buoy structure through gas-liquid exchange and motion control equations. Furthermore, the structure can achieve stability throughout the entire buoy's motion state by adjusting the counterweight in real time. The control operation and implementation method are simple, safe, fast, and reliable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of marine floating structures, and in particular to a concrete buoy capable of accurately controlling buoyancy. Background Art

[0002] During their service and operation at sea, large floating structures are inevitably subject to threats such as strong typhoons, tsunamis, and collisions, which can cause severe damage or even destruction. Floating platform engineering has seen considerable use in both commercial and military applications both domestically and internationally, such as the Megafloat (super-large floating structure) at Japan's offshore Haneda Airport and Singapore's floating performance platform. These floating platforms are mostly built offshore, in areas where typhoons and tsunamis are uncommon, or within harbors, where the surrounding waters are generally calm and therefore do not require survival in these extreme sea conditions. However, for deep-sea engineering applications, the ability to properly address these threats under extreme sea conditions directly impacts the safe service and long-term viability of large floating platforms.

[0003] Since currently built floating structures are not able to withstand extreme sea conditions, in order to improve the service safety and life of large floating structures and achieve long-term self-survival, it is urgent to design a concrete buoy and a control method for surfacing and diving. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a concrete buoy that can accurately control the buoyancy of the buoy.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: providing a concrete buoy, comprising:

[0006] A working area, which is located at the top of the overall structure;

[0007] A gas-liquid replacement portion, wherein a counterweight cavity is provided in the gas-liquid replacement portion, and the counterweight cavity counterweights the concrete buoy by flowing in / out of seawater;

[0008] The equipment part is arranged at the lower side of the gas-liquid replacement part, and the equipment part is provided with a gas-liquid exchange device, and the gas-liquid exchange device includes: a first air pump and a second air pump: the first air pump is used to exhaust air and allow water to enter the counterweight cavity, so that the concrete buoy dives; the second air pump is used to allow air to enter and drain water from the counterweight cavity, so that the concrete buoy floats;

[0009] Also included is a channel for allowing seawater to flow into / out of the counterweight cavity.

[0010] The gas-liquid replacement part and the equipment part are both axisymmetric central structures.

[0011] The channel is provided at the axially symmetrical center of the equipment portion, and the upper end of the channel is communicated with the counterweight cavity, and the lower end of the channel extends to the lower end of the equipment portion and is communicated with external seawater.

[0012] It also includes a balancing disc structure, which is used to keep the concrete pontoon balanced when floating. The balancing disc structure is arranged on the lower side of the gas-liquid replacement part or the equipment part. The balancing disc structure is provided with a plurality of steel pipe rails passing through the central axis. The plurality of steel pipe rails divide the balancing disc structure into a plurality of sectors, and each of the steel pipe rails is slidably provided with a counterweight block with a hook. The hook can move on the steel pipe rail, and the balancing disc structure can rotate as a whole.

[0013] The mooring system further comprises a mooring system, which is arranged on the lower side of the equipment part. The mooring system comprises a motor, an anchor chain wheel, an anchor chain and a shallow seabed pile. The motor drives the anchor chain wheel to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise. The upper end of the anchor chain is tied to the anchor chain wheel, and the lower end of the anchor chain is connected to the upper end of the shallow seabed pile. The lower end of the shallow seabed pile is anchored to the seabed, wherein the shallow seabed pile forms a mooring tension on the concrete buoy.

[0014] The gas-liquid exchange device further includes a control unit, which controls the working state of the concrete buoy through a dynamic balance equation of the floating structure;

[0015] Assume that the concrete buoy needs to dive h meters, and the maximum acceleration of the concrete buoy is 1.4m / s 2 , the dynamic balance equation of the floating structure is:

[0016]

[0017] in,

[0018] Where, in formula (1): G is the weight of the concrete buoy, T is the mooring tension, f(t) is the buoyancy of the buoy, R t The resistance of the buoy when diving. It represents the resultant force acting on the concrete pontoon;

[0019] In formula (2), Re is the Reynolds number, C t is the liquid resistance coefficient, A represents the vertical projection area of ​​the concrete buoy;

[0020] Establish the relationship function between the concrete buoy diving depth h and time t:

[0021] Accelerated diving phase:

[0022] Deceleration dive phase:

[0023] Where Z is the flow height of the air pump / water pump per unit time, and s is the liquid surface area of ​​the float;

[0024] Since equations (3a) and (3b) respectively give (4a) and (4b)

[0025]

[0026] If t satisfies the requirement to accelerate to the maximum speed of 4m / s, then:

[0027] (1) According to the dynamic structure balance equation, the running time t0 of the first and second air pumps and the uniform diving time t of the concrete buoy are obtained. 匀 ;

[0028] (2) starting the first air pump for the first time to exhaust air and allow water to flow into the counterweight cavity, causing the concrete buoy to dive faster, wherein the operating time of the first air pump is t0;

[0029] (3) The first air pump is turned off, and the concrete buoy continues to dive at a uniform speed to the deceleration depth, where the time for the concrete buoy to dive at a uniform speed is t 匀 ;

[0030] (4) When the concrete buoy reaches the deceleration depth, the second air pump is started to fill and drain the counterweight cavity. The operation time of the second air pump is also t0. The concrete buoy decelerates and dives. When the time reaches t0, the second air pump is turned off.

[0031] (5) According to the equilibrium equation of the floating structure at rest, the buoyancy required for equilibrium is calculated, and then the second operation time t of the first air pump is obtained. 静1 , start the first air pump for the second time to exhaust the air and let water into the counterweight cavity. When the running time of the first air pump reaches t 静1 , turn off the first air pump, at this time the concrete buoy reaches a static state, wherein the equilibrium equation of the floating structure at rest is: Where: G is the weight of the concrete buoy, T is the mooring tension, f(t) is the buoyancy of the buoy, Expressed as: the resultant force acting on the concrete pontoon.

[0032] If t does not meet the requirement of accelerating to the maximum speed of 4 m / s, then:

[0033] (1) Obtain the first operating time t1 of the first air pump and the second air pump according to the dynamic structure balance equation;

[0034] (2) The first air pump is started for the first time to exhaust air and allow water to flow into the counterweight cavity, and the concrete buoy is accelerated to dive, wherein the operation time of the first air pump is t1;

[0035] (3) When the concrete buoy reaches the deceleration depth, turning off the first air pump;

[0036] (4) The second air pump is started for the first time to take in air and drain water from the counterweight cavity, the concrete buoy decelerates and dives, and the second air pump is turned off, wherein the operation time of the second air pump is t1;

[0037] The buoyancy required for equilibrium is calculated based on the equilibrium equation of the floating structure when it is stationary, and then the second running time t of the first air pump is obtained. 静2 , start the first air pump for the second time to exhaust the air and let water into the counterweight cavity. When the running time of the first air pump reaches t 静2 , turn off the first air pump, at this time the concrete buoy reaches a static state, wherein the equilibrium equation of the floating structure at rest is: Where: G is the weight of the concrete buoy, T is the mooring tension, f(t) is the buoyancy of the buoy, Expressed as: the resultant force acting on the concrete pontoon.

[0038] Assume that the concrete pontoon needs to float up h meters, and the maximum acceleration of the concrete pontoon is 1.4m / s 2 , the dynamic balance equation of the floating structure is:

[0039]

[0040] in,

[0041] Where, in formula (1): G is the weight of the concrete buoy, T is the mooring tension, f(t) is the buoyancy of the buoy, R t The resistance of the buoy to floating up, It represents the resultant force acting on the concrete pontoon;

[0042] In formula (6), R e is the Reynolds number, C t is the liquid resistance coefficient, A represents the vertical projection area of ​​the concrete buoy;

[0043] Establish the relationship function between the concrete buoy's floating depth h and time t:

[0044] Accelerated ascent phase:

[0045] Deceleration and ascent phase:

[0046] Since equations (7a) and (7b) respectively give (8a) and (8b)

[0047]

[0048] If t satisfies the requirement to accelerate to the maximum speed of 4m / s, then:

[0049] (1) According to the dynamic structure balance equation, the running time t0 of the first and second air pumps and the uniform diving time t of the concrete buoy are obtained. 匀 ;

[0050] (2) The second air pump is started for the first time to take in air and drain water from the counterweight cavity, and the concrete buoy starts to float upward at an accelerated speed, wherein the operation time of the second air pump is t0;

[0051] (3) The second air pump is turned off, and the concrete buoy continues to float up at a uniform speed, wherein the time for the concrete buoy to dive at a uniform speed is t 匀 ;

[0052] (4) When the concrete buoy reaches the deceleration depth, the first air pump is started to exhaust and fill the counterweight cavity with water. The operation time of the first air pump is also t0, and the first air pump is turned off;

[0053] (5) According to the equilibrium equation of the floating structure at rest, the buoyancy required for equilibrium is calculated, and then the second operation time t of the second air pump is obtained. 静2 , start the second air pump for the second time to exhaust the air and let water into the counterweight cavity. When the second air pump running time reaches t 静2 , turn off the second air pump, at this time the concrete buoy reaches a static state, wherein the equilibrium equation of the floating structure at rest is: Where: G is the weight of the concrete buoy, T is the mooring tension, f(t) is the buoyancy of the buoy, Expressed as: the resultant force acting on the concrete pontoon.

[0054] If t does not meet the requirement of accelerating to the maximum speed of 4 m / s, then:

[0055] (1) Obtain the first operating time t1 of the first air pump and the second air pump according to the dynamic structure balance equation;

[0056] (2) The second air pump is started for the first time to take in air and drain water from the counterweight cavity, and the concrete buoy starts to float up quickly, wherein the operation time of the second air pump is t1;

[0057] (3) When the concrete buoy reaches the deceleration depth, the second air pump is turned off;

[0058] (4) The first air pump is started for the first time to exhaust air and allow water to flow into the counterweight cavity, and the concrete buoy decelerates and floats upward, and the first air pump is turned off, wherein the operation time of the first air pump is t1;

[0059] (5) According to the equilibrium equation of the floating structure at rest, the buoyancy required for equilibrium is calculated, and then the second operation time t of the second air pump is obtained. 静2 , start the second air pump for the second time to exhaust the air and let water into the counterweight cavity. When the running time of the first air pump reaches t 静2 , turn off the second air pump, at this time the concrete buoy reaches a static state, wherein the equilibrium equation of the floating structure at rest is: Where: G is the weight of the concrete buoy, T is the mooring tension, f(t) is the buoyancy of the buoy, Expressed as: the buoyancy of the concrete pontoon.

[0060] The present invention proposes a concrete buoy that can be precisely controlled to float or dive. The concrete buoy can be counterweighted by the flow of seawater in / out of the counterweight cavity to make the concrete buoy float or dive. In addition, the relative positions of the center of buoyancy and center of gravity of the concrete buoy can be automatically monitored. The relative positions of the center of buoyancy and center of gravity are of great significance for determining whether the concrete buoy is in stable balance.

[0061] The present invention will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are used to illustrate embodiments of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a concrete buoy capable of precisely controlling buoyancy and submergence according to the present invention.

[0063] Figure 2 Shown is a schematic diagram of the floating state of the concrete pontoon.

[0064] Figure 3 The figure shows the force diagram of the concrete buoy when it dives.

[0065] Figure 4 The figure shows the force diagram when the concrete pontoon floats up.

[0066] Figure 5 As shown Figure 1 Cross-sectional view shown.

[0067] Figure 6 Shown is a schematic diagram of the balanced disk structure.

[0068] Figure 7 Shown Figure 3 side view.

[0069] Figure 8 Shown is a schematic diagram of the mooring system.

[0070] Figure 9 Shown is a flow chart of a first embodiment of the concrete buoy of the present invention.

[0071] Figure 10 Shown is a flow chart of a second embodiment of the concrete buoy of the present invention.

[0072] Figure 11 Shown is a flow chart of a third embodiment of the concrete buoy of the present invention.

[0073] Figure 12 Shown is a flow chart of a fourth embodiment of the concrete buoy of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0075] The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the figures is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0076] Hereinafter, when the terms "including", "having" and their cognates are used in various embodiments of the present invention, they are intended only to indicate specific features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components or combinations of the foregoing items, and should not be understood as first excluding the existence of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components or combinations of the foregoing items or the possibility of adding one or more features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components or combinations of the foregoing items.

[0077] In addition, when the present invention involves terms such as “first”, “second”, and “third”, they are only used for description and distinction, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0078] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the various embodiments of the present invention pertain. The terms (such as those defined in generally used dictionaries) will be interpreted as having the same meaning as in the context of the relevant technical field and will not be interpreted as having an idealized meaning or an overly formal meaning unless clearly defined in the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0079] refer to Figure 2 、 3 , 4, among which Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the floating state of the concrete buoy, H 总 Indicates the total height of the buoy, h indicates the relative height between the water surface and the bottom of the buoy, H0 indicates the relative height between the water surface and the top of the buoy, and H indicates the water surface height of the counterweight cavity. Figure 2 、 3 4. The shaded part is a schematic diagram of sea water, and the uppermost part of the shaded part is the water surface line.

[0080] Figure 3 The figure shows the force acting on the concrete buoy when it is submerged. At this time, the buoy is subjected to the upward buoyancy, upward resistance, gravity and the downward pull of the mooring system on the buoy.

[0081] Figure 4 The figure shows the force acting on the concrete buoy when it is floating. At this time, the buoy is subjected to the upward buoyancy, downward resistance, gravity and the downward pull of the mooring system on the buoy.

[0082] refer to Figure 1 、 5 In the embodiment shown, the concrete buoy 100 provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be precisely controlled to float and dive, including:

[0083] The working area 1 is located at the top of the entire structure, that is, the working area 1 is located at the uppermost portion of the concrete pontoon 100 .

[0084] If multiple concrete pontoons 100 are spliced ​​together, multiple work areas 1 are connected together. Preferably, the upper surface of the work area 1 is a flat surface, and the upper surfaces of multiple work areas 1 are spliced ​​together to form a flat floating surface on the sea, which can be used for military, civilian and other purposes, such as offshore military airports.

[0085] A gas-liquid replacement part 2, wherein a counterweight cavity is provided in the gas-liquid replacement part 2, and the counterweight cavity counterweights the concrete buoy 100 by flowing in / out of seawater;

[0086] The gas-liquid replacement part 2 is a hollow structure with a hollow interior formed by pouring concrete. The hollow structure is a counterweight cavity. The counterweight cavity is used to counterweight the overall weight of the concrete pontoon 100. The weight of the entire concrete pontoon can be increased by controlling the flow of external seawater into the counterweight cavity, or the weight of the entire concrete pontoon can be reduced by controlling the flow of seawater in the counterweight cavity out of the outside.

[0087] The equipment part 3 is provided at the lower side of the gas-liquid replacement part 2, and the equipment part 3 is provided with a gas-liquid exchange device, which includes: a first air pump 8a and a second air pump 8b: the first air pump 8a is used to exhaust air and allow water to enter the counterweight cavity, so that the concrete buoy 100 dives; the second air pump 8b is used to allow air to enter and water to enter the counterweight cavity 100, so that the concrete buoy 100 floats;

[0088] In this embodiment, the first air pump 8a and the second air pump 8b are used to exhaust air from the counterweight cavity and allow water to enter, or to allow air to enter and drain water from the counterweight cavity. It should be noted that the first air pump 8a and the second air pump 8b pump air (intake air) into the counterweight cavity, forcing the water in the counterweight cavity out of the counterweight cavity by air pressure, thereby reducing the overall mass of the concrete pontoon 100, and the concrete pontoon 100 thereby floats up; or exhaust air from the counterweight cavity, forcing seawater into the counterweight cavity by air pressure, thereby increasing the overall mass of the concrete pontoon 100, and the concrete pontoon 100 thereby sinks down. It should be noted that the specific details of the concrete pontoon 100's specific floating and diving working states will be described in detail below.

[0089] It also includes a channel 10 for allowing seawater to flow in / out of the counterweight cavity. The channel 10 is a channel connecting the counterweight cavity with the outside (i.e., the ocean), and the seawater from the ocean enters the counterweight cavity through the channel 10, or the seawater in the counterweight cavity is discharged to the outside (the ocean) through the channel 10. In one embodiment, referring to Figure 5 The gas-liquid replacement unit 2 and the equipment unit 3 are both axially symmetrical structures. Setting the gas-liquid replacement unit 2 and the equipment unit 3 as axially symmetrical structures makes it easy to evenly distribute the weight of the concrete buoy 100 and maintain balance when floating in the ocean.

[0090] In one embodiment, reference Figure 5 The channel 10 is provided at the axially symmetrical center of the equipment part 3, and the upper end of the channel 10 is communicated with the counterweight cavity, and the lower end of the channel 10 extends to the lower end of the equipment part 3 and is communicated with the external seawater.

[0091] It should be noted that, specifically Figure 5In the illustrated embodiment, the channel 10 is disposed at the axisymmetric center of the device portion 3, meaning that the central axis of the channel 10 overlaps the central axis of the device portion 3. For example, when the channel 10 is a circular tubular channel, rectangular column, or hexagonal prism structure, the device portion 3 may be a circular tubular structure or hexagonal prism structure. More specifically, the channel 10 is a channel structure reserved during the casting of the device portion 3.

[0092] It should also be noted that the equipment part 3 is an axisymmetric structure with a cavity inside, which is cast in concrete. The function of the equipment part 3 is to set the gas-liquid exchange equipment. In addition to the first air pump 8a and the second air pump 8b mentioned above, it also includes a control unit 6, a power supply 7, a gas-liquid exchange pipeline 9 and other components. These components need to be evenly arranged in weight within the equipment part 3 to facilitate the distribution of the overall mass of the equipment part 3. In addition, since the equipment part 3 needs to be submerged in seawater, the interior of the equipment part 3 is a closed space to prevent seawater from infiltrating and ensure that the components inside the equipment part 3 are not damaged.

[0093] refer to Figure 5 、 6 , 7, also includes a balancing disc structure 4, the balancing disc structure 4 is used to keep the concrete buoy balanced when floating, the balancing disc structure 4 is arranged on the lower side of the gas-liquid replacement part 2 or the equipment part 3, specifically as shown in Figure 5 In the embodiment shown, the balancing disc structure 4 is arranged on the lower side of the equipment part 3, and the balancing disc structure 4 is provided with a plurality of steel pipe rails 14 passing through the central axis. The plurality of steel pipe rails 14 divide the balancing disc structure 4 into a plurality of sectors, and each of the steel pipe rails 14 is slidably provided with a counterweight block 15 with a hook. The hook can move on the steel pipe rail 14, and the balancing disc structure 4 can rotate as a whole.

[0094] In this embodiment, the underside of the steel pipe track 14 has a latch extending along its length. The upper end of the hook is secured within the steel pipe track 14, while the lower end passes through the latch and hooks onto the counterweight 15. Therefore, by moving the counterweight 15, the center of gravity of the balancing disc structure 4, and thus the center of gravity of the concrete pontoon, can be adjusted. Therefore, by adjusting the positions of the multiple counterweights 15, the center position and the center of buoyancy of the concrete pontoon 100 can be adjusted to a high degree of overlap. This ensures that when the concrete pontoon 100 is deployed into the ocean, it remains in a relatively balanced floating state and is less likely to capsize due to wave fluctuations. Furthermore, because the balancing disc structure 4 is rotatable as a whole, the concrete pontoon 100 can be quickly rotated to achieve a balanced state, i.e., a high degree of overlap between the center position and the center of buoyancy of the concrete pontoon 100, making it faster and more efficient.

[0095] refer to Figure 5 、 8 , further comprising a mooring system 5, which is arranged at the lower side of the equipment part 3, and includes a motor 51, an anchor wheel 52, an anchor chain 53 and a seabed shallow pile 54. The motor 51 drives the anchor wheel 52 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise, the upper end of the anchor chain 53 is tied to the anchor wheel 52, the lower end of the anchor chain 53 is connected to the upper end of the seabed shallow pile 54, and the lower end of the seabed shallow pile 54 is anchored to the seabed, wherein the seabed shallow pile 54 forms a mooring tension on the concrete buoy 100.

[0096] refer to Figure 8 The mooring system includes two motors 51 and two anchor chain wheels 52. Through the rotation of the motor 51, the anchor chain 53 can be tightened to ensure the tension of the mooring system 5.

[0097] More specifically, when the concrete buoy 100 is in a normal working state, the buoyancy of the concrete buoy 100 and its own gravity are balanced with each other, and the tension of the mooring system 5 on the concrete buoy 100 is used to prevent the concrete buoy 100 from floating with the ocean current, thereby maintaining the position of the concrete buoy 100.

[0098] In one embodiment, reference Figure 5 , the gas-liquid exchange device also includes a control unit 6, and the control unit 6 controls the working state of the concrete pontoon 100 through the dynamic balance equation of the floating structure.

[0099] In one embodiment, assuming that the concrete buoy needs to dive h meters, the dynamic balance equation of the floating structure is:

[0100]

[0101] in,

[0102] Where, in formula (1): G is the weight of the concrete buoy, T is the mooring tension, f(t) is the buoyancy of the buoy, R t The resistance of the buoy when diving. It represents the resultant force acting on the concrete pontoon;

[0103] In formula (2), Re is the Reynolds number, C t is the liquid resistance coefficient, A represents the vertical projection area of ​​the concrete buoy;

[0104] Establish the relationship function between the concrete buoy diving depth h and time t:

[0105] Accelerated diving phase:

[0106] Deceleration dive phase:

[0107] Where Z is the flow height of the air pump / water pump per unit time, and s is the liquid surface area of ​​the float;

[0108] Since equations (3a) and (3b) respectively give (4a) and (4b)

[0109]

[0110] If t satisfies the requirement to accelerate to the maximum speed of 4m / s, then:

[0111] refer to Figure 9 , if t satisfies the requirement of being able to accelerate to the maximum speed of 4m / s, then:

[0112] S101, according to the dynamic structure balance equation, the running time t0 of the first air pump and the second air pump and the uniform speed diving time t of the concrete buoy are obtained. 匀 ;

[0113] S102, starting the first air pump for the first time to exhaust air and allow water to flow into the counterweight cavity, accelerating the submergence of the concrete buoy, wherein the operation time of the first air pump is t0;

[0114] S103: Turn off the first air pump, and the concrete buoy dives at a constant speed to the deceleration depth. The time for the concrete buoy to dive at a constant speed is t 匀 ;

[0115] S104: When the concrete buoy reaches the deceleration depth, the second air pump is started to supply air and drain water to the counterweight cavity. The operation time of the second air pump is also t0. The concrete buoy decelerates and dives. After the time reaches t0, the second air pump is turned off.

[0116] S105, calculate the buoyancy required for equilibrium according to the equilibrium equation of the floating structure when it is stationary, and then calculate the second operation time t of the first air pump 静1 , start the first air pump for the second time to exhaust the air and let water into the counterweight cavity. When the running time of the first air pump reaches t 静1 , turn off the first air pump, at this time the concrete buoy reaches a static state, wherein the equilibrium equation of the floating structure at rest is: Where: G is the weight of the concrete buoy, T is the mooring tension, f(t) is the buoyancy of the buoy, R t is the Reynolds number, It represents the resultant force acting on the concrete pontoon;

[0117] In addition, the mooring system tightens the concrete buoy through the anchor chain throughout the entire process.

[0118] Combine Figure 9 The advantages of the present invention are further explained with reference to steps S101-106 of this embodiment:

[0119] 1. The applicant has searched and consulted relevant materials and conducted repeated floating and diving tests and research on the concrete buoy, and concluded that the maximum acceleration of the concrete buoy is 1.4m / s. 2 The maximum speed is set to 4 m / s, which is a preferred embodiment. Under this acceleration and speed, the human body will not feel uncomfortable, and the people and production work in the concrete buoy will not be significantly affected by the buoy's floating and diving movements.

[0120] 2. By combining the required ascent and descent of the concrete pontoon (h meters) with the dynamic balance equation of the floating structure, the uniform diving phase of the concrete pontoon significantly saves the operating time and electricity required for the two air pumps, thereby extending the service life of the air pump device in the concrete pontoon.

[0121] 3. During the process of the concrete buoy rising and falling, the mooring system tightens the concrete buoy through the anchor chain throughout the entire process. This design not only allows the buoy to rise and fall stably within the specified path range, but also can accurately determine the rising or falling distance of the concrete buoy and the depth of the concrete buoy at each moment.

[0122] refer to Figure 10If t does not satisfy the requirement to accelerate to the maximum speed of 4m / s, then:

[0123] S201, obtaining the first operating time t1 of the first air pump and the second air pump according to the dynamic structure balance equation;

[0124] S202, starting the first air pump for the first time to exhaust air and allow water to enter the counterweight cavity, so that the concrete buoy dives at an accelerated speed, wherein the operation time of the first air pump is t1;

[0125] S203, when the concrete buoy reaches the deceleration depth, turning off the first air pump;

[0126] S204, starting the second air pump for the first time to take in air and drain water from the counterweight cavity, causing the concrete buoy to decelerate and dive, and shutting down the second air pump, wherein the operating time of the second air pump is t1;

[0127] S205, the buoyancy required for equilibrium is calculated based on the equilibrium equation of the floating structure when it is stationary, and then the second operation time t of the first air pump is calculated. 静2 , start the first air pump for the second time to exhaust the air and let water into the counterweight cavity. When the running time of the first air pump reaches t 静2 , turn off the first air pump, at this time the concrete buoy reaches a static state, wherein the equilibrium equation of the floating structure at rest is: Where: G is the weight of the concrete buoy, T is the mooring tension, f(t) is the buoyancy of the buoy, R t is the Reynolds number, It represents the resultant force acting on the concrete pontoon;

[0128] In addition, the mooring system tightens the concrete buoy through the anchor chain throughout the entire process.

[0129] In one embodiment, assuming that the concrete pontoon needs to float up to h meters, the floating structure dynamic level

[0130] The balance equation is:

[0131]

[0132] in,

[0133] Where, in formula (1): G is the weight of the concrete buoy, T is the mooring tension, f(t) is the buoyancy of the buoy, R t The resistance of the buoy to floating up, It represents the resultant force acting on the concrete pontoon;

[0134] In formula (6), R e is the Reynolds number, Ct is the liquid resistance coefficient, A represents the vertical projection area of ​​the concrete buoy;

[0135] Establish the relationship function between the concrete buoy's floating depth h and time t:

[0136] Accelerated ascent phase:

[0137] Deceleration and ascent phase:

[0138] Since equations (7a) and (7b) respectively give (8a) and (8b)

[0139]

[0140] If t satisfies the requirement to accelerate to the maximum speed of 4m / s, then:

[0141] refer to Figure 11 , if t satisfies the requirement of being able to accelerate to the maximum speed of 4m / s, then:

[0142] S301, according to the dynamic structure balance equation, the running time t0 of the first air pump and the second air pump and the uniform speed diving time t of the concrete buoy are obtained. 匀 ;

[0143] S302, starting the second air pump for the first time to take in air and drain water from the counterweight cavity, causing the concrete buoy to accelerate upward, wherein the operation time of the second air pump is t0;

[0144] S303, turning off the second air pump, the concrete buoy rises at a uniform speed, and the time for the concrete buoy to dive at a uniform speed is t 匀 ;

[0145] S304: The concrete buoy reaches the deceleration depth, and the first air pump is started to exhaust and fill the counterweight cavity with water. The operation time of the first air pump is also t0, and the first air pump is turned off.

[0146] S305, calculate the buoyancy required for equilibrium according to the equilibrium equation of the floating structure when it is stationary, and then calculate the second operation time t of the second air pump 静2 , start the second air pump for the second time to exhaust the air and let water into the counterweight cavity. When the second air pump running time reaches t 静2 , turn off the second air pump, at this time the concrete buoy reaches a static state, wherein the equilibrium equation of the floating structure at rest is: Where: G is the weight of the concrete buoy, T is the mooring tension, f(t) is the buoyancy of the buoy, R t is the Reynolds number, It represents the resultant force acting on the concrete pontoon;

[0147] In addition, the mooring system tightens the concrete buoy through the anchor chain throughout the entire process.

[0148] refer to Figure 12 If t does not satisfy the requirement to accelerate to the maximum speed of 4m / s, then:

[0149] S401, obtaining the first operating time t1 of the first air pump and the second air pump according to the dynamic structure balance equation;

[0150] S402, starting the second air pump for the first time to take in air and drain water from the counterweight cavity, causing the concrete buoy to float upward at an accelerated speed, wherein the operation time of the second air pump is t1;

[0151] S403, when the concrete buoy reaches the deceleration depth, turning off the second air pump;

[0152] S404, starting the first air pump for the first time to exhaust air and allow water to enter the counterweight cavity, causing the concrete buoy to decelerate and float upward, and then shutting down the first air pump, wherein the operation time of the first air pump is t1;

[0153] S405, the buoyancy required for equilibrium is calculated based on the equilibrium equation of the floating structure when it is stationary, and then the second operating time t of the second air pump is calculated. 静2 , start the second air pump for the second time to exhaust the air and let water into the counterweight cavity. When the running time of the first air pump reaches t 静2 , turn off the second air pump, at this time the concrete buoy reaches a static state, wherein the equilibrium equation of the floating structure at rest is: Where: G is the weight of the concrete buoy, T is the mooring tension, f(t) is the buoyancy of the buoy, R t is the Reynolds number, It represents the resultant force acting on the concrete pontoon;

[0154] In addition, the mooring system tightens the concrete buoy through the anchor chain throughout the entire process.

[0155] The present invention proposes a concrete buoy that can be precisely controlled to float or dive. The buoy can be counterweighted by the flow of seawater into and out of the counterweight cavity, allowing it to float or dive. Furthermore, the buoy can automatically monitor the relative positions of its center of buoyancy and center of gravity, which are crucial for determining whether the buoy is in stable balance. When the relative displacement of the center of buoyancy and center of gravity shifts, the balancing disc structure can adjust the center of gravity by moving the existing mass both horizontally and rotationally, ensuring that the center of buoyancy and center of gravity remain aligned on the same plumb line during both the ascent and descent process.

[0156] The above disclosure is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which certainly cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent changes made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A concrete buoy, characterized in that: include: A working area, the working area being located at the top of the overall structure; A gas-liquid replacement portion, wherein a counterweight cavity is provided in the gas-liquid replacement portion, and the counterweight cavity counterweights the concrete buoy by flowing in / out of seawater; The equipment part is arranged at the lower side of the gas-liquid replacement part, and the equipment part is provided with a gas-liquid exchange device, and the gas-liquid exchange device includes: a first air pump and a second air pump: the first air pump is used to exhaust air and allow water to enter the counterweight cavity, so that the concrete buoy dives; the second air pump is used to allow air to enter and drain water from the counterweight cavity, so that the concrete buoy floats; Also included is a channel for allowing seawater to flow into / out of the counterweight cavity; The concrete buoy further comprises a balancing disc structure, which is used to keep the concrete buoy balanced when floating. The balancing disc structure is arranged on the lower side of the gas-liquid replacement part or the equipment part. The balancing disc structure is provided with a plurality of steel pipe rails passing through the central axis. The plurality of steel pipe rails divide the balancing disc structure into a plurality of sectors. Each of the steel pipe rails is slidably provided with a counterweight block with a hook. The hook can move on the steel pipe rail, and the balancing disc structure as a whole is rotatable. The mooring system further comprises a mooring system, which is arranged on the lower side of the equipment part, and comprises a motor, an anchor chain wheel, an anchor chain and a shallow seabed pile. The motor drives the anchor chain wheel to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise, the upper end of the anchor chain is tied to the anchor chain wheel, the lower end of the anchor chain is connected to the upper end of the shallow seabed pile, and the lower end of the shallow seabed pile is anchored to the seabed, wherein the shallow seabed pile forms a mooring tension on the concrete buoy; The gas-liquid exchange device further includes a control unit, which controls the working state of the concrete buoy through a dynamic balance equation of the floating structure; Assume that the concrete buoy needs to dive h meters, and the maximum acceleration of the concrete buoy is 1.4m / s 2 , the dynamic balance equation of the floating structure is: in, Where, in formula (1): G is the weight of the concrete buoy, T is the mooring tension, f(t) is the buoyancy of the buoy, R t The resistance of the buoy when diving. It represents the resultant force acting on the concrete pontoon; In formula (2), Re is the Reynolds number, C t is the liquid resistance coefficient, A represents the vertical projection area of ​​the concrete buoy; Establish the relationship function between the concrete buoy diving depth h and time t: Accelerated diving phase: Deceleration dive phase: Where Z is the flow height of the air pump / water pump per unit time, and s is the liquid surface area of ​​the float; Since equations (3a) and (3b) respectively give (4a) and (4b) If t satisfies the requirement to accelerate to the maximum speed of 4m / s, then: (1) According to the dynamic structure balance equation, the running time t0 of the first and second air pumps and the uniform diving time t of the concrete buoy are obtained. 匀 ; (2) starting the first air pump for the first time to exhaust air and allow water to flow into the counterweight cavity, causing the concrete buoy to dive faster, wherein the operating time of the first air pump is t0; (3) The first air pump is turned off, and the concrete buoy continues to dive at a uniform speed to the deceleration depth, where the time for the concrete buoy to dive at a uniform speed is t 匀 ; (4) When the concrete buoy reaches the deceleration depth, the second air pump is started to fill and drain the counterweight cavity. The operation time of the second air pump is also t0. The concrete buoy decelerates and dives. When the time reaches t0, the second air pump is turned off. The buoyancy required for equilibrium is calculated based on the equilibrium equation of the floating structure when it is stationary, and then the second running time t of the first air pump is obtained. 静1 , start the first air pump for the second time to exhaust the air and let water into the counterweight cavity. When the running time of the first air pump reaches t 静1 , turn off the first air pump, at this time the concrete buoy reaches a static state, wherein the equilibrium equation of the floating structure at rest is: Where: G is the weight of the concrete buoy, T is the mooring tension, f(t) is the buoyancy of the buoy, Expressed as: the resultant force acting on the concrete pontoon.

2. The concrete pontoon according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas-liquid replacement part and the equipment part are both axisymmetric central structures.

3. The concrete pontoon according to claim 2, characterized in that: The channel is provided at the axially symmetrical center of the equipment portion, and the upper end of the channel is communicated with the counterweight cavity, and the lower end of the channel extends to the lower end of the equipment portion and is communicated with external seawater.

4. The concrete pontoon according to claim 1, wherein: If t does not meet the requirement of accelerating to the maximum speed of 4 m / s, then: (1) Obtain the first operating time t1 of the first air pump and the second air pump according to the dynamic structure balance equation; (2) The first air pump is started for the first time to exhaust air and allow water to flow into the counterweight cavity, and the concrete buoy is accelerated to dive, wherein the operation time of the first air pump is t1; (3) When the concrete buoy reaches the deceleration depth, turning off the first air pump; (4) The second air pump is started for the first time to take in air and drain water from the counterweight cavity, the concrete buoy decelerates and dives, and the second air pump is turned off, wherein the operation time of the second air pump is t1; (5) According to the equilibrium equation of the floating structure at rest, the buoyancy required for equilibrium is calculated, and then the second operation time t of the first air pump is obtained. 静2 , start the first air pump for the second time to exhaust the air and let water into the counterweight cavity. When the running time of the first air pump reaches t 静2 , turn off the first air pump, at this time the concrete buoy reaches a static state, wherein the equilibrium equation of the floating structure at rest is: Where: G is the weight of the concrete buoy, T is the mooring tension, f(t) is the buoyancy of the buoy, Expressed as: the resultant force acting on the concrete pontoon.

5. The concrete pontoon according to claim 1, characterized in that: Assume that the concrete pontoon needs to float up h meters, and the maximum acceleration of the concrete pontoon is 1.4m / s 2 , the dynamic balance equation of the floating structure is: in, Where, in formula (1): G is the weight of the concrete buoy, T is the mooring tension, f(t) is the buoyancy of the buoy, R t The resistance of the buoy to floating up, It represents the resultant force acting on the concrete pontoon; In formula (6), R e is the Reynolds number, C t is the liquid resistance coefficient, A represents the vertical projection area of ​​the concrete buoy; Establish the relationship function between the concrete buoy's floating depth h and time t: Accelerated ascent phase: Deceleration and ascent phase: Since equations (7a) and (7b) respectively give (8a) and (8b) If t satisfies the requirement to accelerate to the maximum speed of 4m / s, then: (1) According to the dynamic structure balance equation, the running time t0 of the first and second air pumps and the uniform diving time t of the concrete buoy are obtained. 匀 ; (2) The second air pump is started for the first time to take in air and drain water from the counterweight cavity, and the concrete buoy starts to float upward at an accelerated speed, wherein the operation time of the second air pump is t0; (3) The second air pump is turned off, and the concrete buoy continues to float up at a uniform speed, wherein the time for the concrete buoy to dive at a uniform speed is t 匀 ; (4) When the concrete buoy reaches the deceleration depth, the first air pump is started to exhaust and fill the counterweight cavity with water. The operation time of the first air pump is also t0, and the first air pump is turned off; (5) According to the equilibrium equation of the floating structure at rest, the buoyancy required for equilibrium is calculated, and then the second operation time t of the second air pump is obtained. 静2 , start the second air pump for the second time to exhaust the air and let water into the counterweight cavity. When the second air pump running time reaches t 静2 , turn off the second air pump, at this time the concrete buoy reaches a static state, wherein the equilibrium equation of the floating structure at rest is: Where: G is the weight of the concrete buoy, T is the mooring tension, f(t) is the buoyancy of the buoy, Expressed as: the resultant force acting on the concrete pontoon.

6. The concrete pontoon according to claim 5, characterized in that: If t does not meet the requirement of accelerating to the maximum speed of 4 m / s, then: (1) Obtain the first operating time t1 of the first air pump and the second air pump according to the dynamic structure balance equation; (2) The second air pump is started for the first time to take in air and drain water from the counterweight cavity, and the concrete buoy starts to float up quickly, wherein the operation time of the second air pump is t1; (3) When the concrete buoy reaches the deceleration depth, the second air pump is turned off; (4) The first air pump is started for the first time to exhaust air and allow water to flow into the counterweight cavity, and the concrete buoy decelerates and floats upward, and the first air pump is turned off, wherein the operation time of the first air pump is t1; (5) According to the equilibrium equation of the floating structure at rest, the buoyancy required for equilibrium is calculated, and then the second operation time t of the second air pump is obtained. 静2 , start the second air pump for the second time to exhaust the air and let water into the counterweight cavity. When the running time of the first air pump reaches t 静2 , turn off the second air pump, at this time the concrete buoy reaches a static state, wherein the equilibrium equation of the floating structure at rest is: Where: G is the weight of the concrete buoy, T is the mooring tension, f(t) is the buoyancy of the buoy, Expressed as: the buoyancy of the concrete pontoon.

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