A caloric compression refrigeration and cold storage system and its control method

Abstract

A system for elasto-caloric compression refrigeration and cold storage, and its control method, includes a conveying device, an elasto-caloric unit, a compression device, an elasto-caloric heat exchange device, a cooling device, and a refrigerator. The conveying device drives the elasto-caloric unit to reciprocate between the compression device and the elasto-caloric heat exchange device. The compression device compresses the elasto-caloric unit on the conveying device. The elasto-caloric unit utilizes a shape memory alloy tube assembly. Under the loading of compressive stress, the shape memory alloy tube assembly transforms from austenite to martensite, dissipating heat to the environment. The elasto-caloric unit maintains its compressed state through a self-locking structure. The elasto-caloric heat exchange device releases the compressed state of the shape memory alloy tube assembly, causing the shape memory alloy tube assembly to transform from martensite to austenite after the compressive stress is unloaded, thereby reducing its temperature. The elasto-caloric heat exchange device drives fluid flow between the elasto-caloric unit and the heat load, thereby reducing the heat load temperature. This invention can meet the needs of instantaneous low-temperature, high-capacity cooling applications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of phase change energy storage, and in particular relates to an elastic-caloric-compression refrigeration and cold storage system and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the new era, the mismatch between energy supply and actual demand, both in terms of time and intensity, has become an urgent problem to be addressed. To improve energy utilization, phase change energy storage technology continues to develop. Phase change energy storage absorbs or releases heat energy from the external environment through its own phase transition, with high energy storage density and stable temperature changes. Elastic-caloric materials have the advantages of small volume change and high heat transfer efficiency during phase transition, as well as a low phase transition temperature, allowing them to undergo phase transitions between martensite and austenite. However, existing elastocaloric materials have limited phase transition refrigeration capabilities, making it difficult to achieve rapid storage and release of large amounts of cold. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to address the problems in the above-mentioned prior art and provide an elastic-caloric compression refrigeration and cold storage system and a control method thereof. The system has three modes: refrigeration mode, stress-driven cold storage mode, and temperature-driven cold storage mode. When the system works in the refrigeration mode, it can provide low-power continuous refrigeration; when the system works in the stress-driven cold storage mode, a small-power motor is used to compress a single elastic-caloric unit, and the cold energy of multiple elastic-caloric units is released simultaneously to meet the needs of instantaneous large-capacity applications; when the system works in the temperature-driven cold storage mode, a refrigerator is used to cool the elastic-caloric unit to make it change phase and reach a temperature lower than the ambient temperature required for cooling. When the cold energy of multiple elastic-caloric units is released simultaneously, the needs of instantaneous low-temperature and large-capacity applications are met.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following technical solutions:

[0005] An elastic-caloric compression refrigeration and cold storage system includes a conveying device, an elastic-caloric unit, a compression device, an elastic-caloric heat exchange device, a cooling device and a refrigerator;

[0006] A conveying device drives the elastic heat unit to move back and forth between the compression device and the elastic heat exchange device;

[0007] A compression device is used to compress the elastic thermal unit on the conveying device. The part of the elastic thermal unit that has the elastic thermal effect is a shape memory alloy tube group. The shape memory alloy tube group in the elastic thermal unit transforms from austenite to martensite under the loading of compressive stress, and the temperature rises, and heat is dissipated to the environment until it cools to the ambient temperature.

[0008] The elastic thermal unit uses a self-locking structure to keep the shape memory alloy tube group in a compressed state after being compressed;

[0009] The elastic heat exchange device can release the compression state of the shape memory alloy tube group, so that the shape memory alloy tube group changes from martensite to austenite after the compressive stress is unloaded, and the temperature is reduced;

[0010] The elastic heat exchange device drives the fluid to flow between the elastic heat unit and the heat load to reduce the temperature of the heat load;

[0011] a cooling device capable of cooling the elastic thermal unit by forced convection;

[0012] The refrigerator drives the fluid to cool the caloric elastic unit to a temperature lower than the ambient temperature when the shape memory alloy tube group is in an uncompressed state, so that the shape memory alloy tube group releases heat to the fluid and changes from austenite to martensite.

[0013] As a preferred solution, the elastic thermal unit includes a self-locking structure, which is composed of a rotating layer, an outer spring, a locking wheel, a locking wheel channel, an inner spring, an inner locking tongue and an inner locking head. The rotating layer is a hollow cylinder, and the annular surface of one end is circumferentially distributed with grooves, and the annular surface of the other end is distributed with protrusions, so that the rotating layers of different elastic thermal units rotate and dock synchronously. After the alignment layers of the two elastic thermal units are aligned, the rotating layer acts as a fluid channel at a position other than the shape memory alloy tube group. The outer wall of the rotating layer is fixed with an outer spring, a locking wheel, and a locking wheel channel at every 90 degrees in the circumferential direction. The outer spring in the locking wheel channel is in a compressed state, supporting the locking wheel to extend and retract along the locking wheel channel to contact the annular groove on the inner wall of the alignment layer. One end of the locking wheel channel is fixed to the outer wall of the rotating layer, and the other end is in the annular groove on the inner wall of the alignment layer. The axial movement of the rotating layer relative to the alignment layer is restricted. In a stable state, the locking wheel contacts the concave groove of the inner wall of the alignment layer. When the rotating layer is subjected to force, it can only rotate at multiples of 90 degrees relative to the alignment layer at a time. The four inner springs and the corresponding four inner lock tongues are fixed to the inner wall of the rotating layer, and are arranged at 90 degrees in the circumferential direction. The four inner lock heads are fixed on the pressure rod, and are arranged at 90 degrees in the circumferential direction. When the rotating layer is in a stable state, the inner lock tongues correspond to the inner lock heads one by one. When locked, the inner lock head, driven by the pressure rod, contacts the inclined surface of the inner lock tongue and can compress the inner spring to pass through the inner lock tongue. When the pressure rod is free of force, the inner lock head moves in the opposite direction under the elastic force of the shape memory alloy tube group. The inner lock head contacts the plane of the inner lock tongue, and cannot directly compress the inner spring and cannot move. The shape memory alloy tube group maintains a compressed state.

[0014] As a preferred solution, the elastic thermal unit includes a force-bearing device, which includes a pressure rod, a coaxial pressure plate and a roller;

[0015] There is a cross protrusion on one end surface of the pressure rod and a cross depression on the other end surface;

[0016] A coaxial pressure plate is fixed on the pressure rod, and the coaxial pressure plate is fixedly connected to the end of the shape memory alloy tube group. There is a flow channel corresponding to the shape memory alloy round tube on the coaxial pressure plate, which does not block the flow of fluid in the shape memory alloy tube group. After the alignment layers of the two elastic and thermal units are aligned and the rotating layers are docked, the two pressure rods are connected to conduct stress. Rollers are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the end of the rotating layer away from the coaxial pressure plate in the circumferential direction. The rollers are in contact with the end of the shape memory alloy tube group away from the coaxial pressure plate, and limit the axial movement of the shape memory alloy tube group relative to the rotating layer.

[0017] As a preferred solution, the elastic thermal unit includes a shape memory alloy tube group, which includes a multi-layer hollow tube group. A layer of hollow tube group is composed of multiple shape memory alloy circular tubes. The diameter of the hollow part is greater than or equal to the diameter of the pressure rod. Disc brackets are fixed around the hollow tube group. There are flow channels corresponding to the shape memory alloy circular tubes on the disc bracket, forming a fluid flow channel. The interlayer phase change temperature gradient of the multi-layer shape memory alloy circular tubes can be designed according to the fluid temperature gradient during operation.

[0018] As a preferred solution, the elastic thermal unit includes an alignment layer, which is a hollow cylinder. The outer wall of the hollow cylinder is a regular cylindrical wall surface, and an annular groove is engraved on the inner wall at a certain height. The radial distance between the annular groove and the outer wall of the rotating layer gradually decreases by 1mm to 100mm every 90 degrees, and the end annular surface of the alignment layer gradually convexes toward the axial direction along a certain diameter.

[0019] As a preferred solution, the conveying device is divided into a compression section, a heat exchange section, and a recovery section, and includes a motor, a conveying crawler, an inclined slide, a sleeve, a rotating chassis, a base, a separator, and an inclined conveying crawler;

[0020] The motor is arranged in the compression section, and the motor drives the conveying device to operate. The motor operates intermittently, and the intermittent time is greater than or equal to the time required by the compression device to compress the elastic heat unit;

[0021] The heat exchange section consists of an inclined slide, a sleeve, a rotating chassis, and a base. The inclined slide slides the elastic heat unit conveyed by the conveyor belt into the sleeve, and the sleeve corresponds one-to-one with the coaxial base fixed on the rotating chassis below; the outermost ring of the base matches the alignment layer of the elastic heat unit and can align the elastic heat unit, and the inner ring matches the rotating layer of the elastic heat unit and can seamlessly connect with the rotating layer. The central cross protrusion matches the depression at one end of the pressure rod of the elastic heat unit, which is used to control the rotation of the pressure rod and the connected shape memory alloy tube group. Under the constraints of the sleeve and the base, the alignment layer, rotating layer, and pressure rod of adjacent elastic heat units match each other, and each set number of elastic heat units are aligned and connected to form an elastic heat unit group. The phase change temperature gradient between the elastic heat units of the elastic heat unit group is designed according to the fluid temperature gradient during operation;

[0022] The rotating chassis of the recovery section has no base connected to it. The elastic heat unit slides out along the sleeve, and the separator rotates, driving the elastic heat unit that slides out due to gravity to move to the inclined conveyor belt. The connected elastic heat units are separated due to the difference between the high rotation speed of the separator and the low falling speed of the elastic heat unit. The elastic heat unit is transported back to the conveyor belt of the compression section under the inclined conveyor belt.

[0023] As a preferred solution, a pressure head on one side of the compression device contacts the shape memory alloy tube group, and a pressure head on the other side contacts the pressure rod.

[0024] As a preferred solution, the elastic heat exchange device includes a top cover, a pipeline, a liquid pump, a liquid storage tank, and a four-way valve; the outermost ring of the top cover matches the alignment layer, the inner ring matches the rotating layer, the central cross depression matches the protrusion at one end of the pressure rod and cannot rotate. When the compression state of the elastic heat unit is released, the inner ring of the top cover rotates, only the rotating layer rotates, and the self-locking device of the elastic heat unit is unlocked; after unlocking, the liquid pump drives the liquid in the liquid storage tank to flow along the pipeline, flowing between the liquid storage tank, the elastic heat unit group, and the heat load. When the heat exchange stops, the fluid in the elastic heat unit group, the pipeline, and the heat load flows into the liquid storage tank under the action of gravity. The four-way valve is used for flow path switching in different modes.

[0025] As a preferred solution, the refrigerator is a water chiller that produces low-temperature liquid under electric drive; the cooling device is a fan that cools the elastic thermal unit by forced convection.

[0026] A control method for the elastic-thermo-compression refrigeration and cold storage system, wherein the elastic-thermo-compression refrigeration and cold storage system has a refrigeration mode, a stress-driven cold storage mode, and a temperature-driven cold storage mode;

[0027] In the cooling mode, after the compression device compresses the elastic heat unit, before the elastic heat exchange device drives the fluid to exchange heat, the cooling device cools the elastic heat unit by forced convection;

[0028] During the cold storage phase of the stress-driven cold storage mode, the elastic thermal unit dissipates heat to the environment through natural convection or forced convection by the cooling device; during the cooling release phase of the stress-driven cold storage mode, the elastic thermal heat exchange device drives the fluid to flow between the elastic thermal unit and the heat load;

[0029] During the cold storage phase of the temperature-driven cold storage mode, the shape memory alloy tube group is in an uncompressed state, and the refrigerator drives the fluid to cool the elastic thermal unit to a temperature lower than the ambient temperature. The shape memory alloy tube group releases heat to the fluid, transforming from austenite to martensite. During the cooling phase of the temperature-driven cold storage mode, the elastic thermal heat exchange device drives the fluid to flow between the elastic thermal unit and the heat load. The shape memory alloy tube group absorbs heat from the fluid, transforming from martensite to austenite.

[0030] The austenite termination phase transition temperature of the shape memory alloy tube group is lower than the ambient temperature, and it is in an austenite state at the ambient temperature; when the system operates in the cooling mode and the stress-driven cold storage mode, the shape memory alloy tube group is cooled to the ambient temperature after heat dissipation and before cooling, and the cooling temperature in the cooling mode and the stress-driven cold storage mode is lower than the ambient temperature; when the system operates in the temperature-driven cold storage mode, the shape memory alloy tube group is cooled to the required cooling temperature by the refrigerator after cooling and before cooling, and the cooling temperature in the temperature-driven cold storage mode is lower than the cooling temperature in the cooling mode and the stress-driven cold storage mode.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0032] A conveying device drives the elastic thermal unit to move between the compression device and the elastic thermal heat exchange device. The compression device compresses the elastic thermal unit, causing it to undergo a phase change and dissipate heat to the environment. The elastic thermal heat exchange device decompresses the elastic thermal unit, causing it to undergo a phase change and lower its temperature, driving the fluid through the elastic thermal unit to cool the heat load. The elastic thermal compression refrigeration and cold storage system of the present invention has three modes: cooling mode, stress-driven cold storage mode, and temperature-driven cold storage mode. When the system operates in cooling mode, it can provide low-power continuous cooling. When the system operates in stress-driven cold storage mode, the present invention can use a low-power motor to compress a single elastic thermal unit. When the cooling capacity of multiple elastic thermal units is released simultaneously, it can meet the needs of instantaneous high-cooling applications. When the system operates in temperature-driven cold storage mode, the present invention uses a refrigerator to cool the elastic thermal unit, causing it to undergo a phase change and reach a required temperature lower than the ambient temperature. When the cooling capacity of multiple elastic thermal units is released simultaneously, it can meet the needs of instantaneous low-temperature high-cooling applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the elastic thermal unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the elastic thermal unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] FIG3 is a diagram showing the distribution of the compression rods and the shape memory alloy tubes inside the elastic-caloric unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] FIG4 is a schematic end view of the self-locking device and its surrounding components when the elastic thermal unit is in a compressed state according to an embodiment of the present invention (ignoring the shape memory alloy tube group);

[0038] FIG5 is a schematic end view of the self-locking device and its surrounding components when the elastic thermal unit is in an unlocked state according to an embodiment of the present invention (ignoring the shape memory alloy tube assembly);

[0039] FIG6 is a schematic end view of the self-locking device and its surrounding components when the elastic thermal unit is in the unlocking process according to an embodiment of the present invention (ignoring the shape memory alloy tube assembly);

[0040] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a compression elastic-thermal unit of a compression device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a conveying device according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the compression section conveys the elastic heat unit through the compression device to the heat exchange section;

[0042] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchange section of a conveying device conveying an elastic heat unit into an elastic heat exchange device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] FIG10 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the elastic-thermal unit group in a compressed state (ignoring the shape memory alloy tube group);

[0044] FIG11 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the elastic thermal unit assembly in the unlocking process (ignoring the shape memory alloy tube assembly);

[0045] FIG12 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the elastic thermal unit assembly in an unlocked state (ignoring the shape memory alloy tube assembly);

[0046] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of a recovery section of a conveying device according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the recovery section recovers the elastic heat unit to the compression section;

[0047] FIG14 is a schematic diagram of heat exchange between the elastic heating unit group and the heat load in the cooling mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of heat exchange between a thermal unit group and a heat load in a cooling stage in a stress-driven cold storage mode or a temperature-driven cold storage mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] FIG16 is a schematic diagram of heat exchange between the thermal unit group and the external cooling device during the cold storage stage in the temperature-driven cold storage mode according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also derive other embodiments without making any creative work.

[0051] An elastic-thermal compression refrigeration and cold storage system proposed in an embodiment of the present invention includes a conveying device, an elastic-thermal unit 200, a compression device 300, an elastic-thermal heat exchange device, a cooling device, and a refrigerator. The specific functions and connection forms of each component are as follows:

[0052] The conveying device drives the elastic heat unit 200 to move back and forth between the compression device 300 and the elastic heat exchange device;

[0053] The compression device 300 is used to compress the elastic thermal unit 200 on the conveying device. The portion of the elastic thermal unit 200 that has the elastic thermal effect uses a shape memory alloy tube group. Under the loading of compressive stress, the shape memory alloy tube group in the elastic thermal unit 200 transforms from austenite to martensite, causing the temperature to rise and dissipate heat to the environment until it cools to the ambient temperature.

[0054] The elastic thermal unit 200 uses a self-locking structure to keep the shape memory alloy tube group in a compressed state after being compressed;

[0055] The elastic heat exchange device can release the compression state of the shape memory alloy tube group, so that the shape memory alloy tube group changes from martensite to austenite after the compressive stress is unloaded, and the temperature is reduced;

[0056] The elastic heat exchange device drives the fluid to flow between the elastic heat unit and the heat load to reduce the temperature of the heat load;

[0057] A cooling device capable of cooling the elastic thermal unit 200 by forced convection;

[0058] The refrigerator drives the fluid to cool the caloric elastic unit 200 to a temperature lower than the ambient temperature when the shape memory alloy tube group is in an uncompressed state, so that the shape memory alloy tube group releases heat to the fluid and transforms from austenite to martensite.

[0059] The austenite termination phase transition temperature of the shape memory alloy tube group in the embodiment of the present invention is lower than the ambient temperature, and it is in an austenite state at the ambient temperature; when the system operates in the cooling mode and the stress-driven cold storage mode, the shape memory alloy tube group is cooled to the ambient temperature after heat dissipation and before cooling, and the cooling temperature in the cooling mode and the stress-driven cold storage mode is lower than the ambient temperature; when the system operates in the temperature-driven cold storage mode, the shape memory alloy tube group is cooled to the required cooling temperature by the refrigerator after cooling and before cooling, and the cooling temperature in the temperature-driven cold storage mode is lower than the cooling temperature in the cooling mode and the stress-driven cold storage mode.

[0060] In one possible implementation, Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3As shown, the elastic thermal unit 200 of the embodiment of the present invention includes a self-locking structure, a force-bearing device, a shape memory alloy tube group and an alignment layer 240, wherein the self-locking structure is composed of a rotating layer 211, an outer spring 212, a locking wheel 213, a locking wheel channel 214, an inner spring 215, an inner locking tongue 216, and an inner locking head 217. The rotating layer 211 is a hollow cylinder, and the annular surface at one end is circumferentially distributed with grooves, and the annular surface at the other end is distributed with protrusions, so that the rotating layers 211 of different elastic thermal units 200 rotate and dock synchronously. After the alignment layers 240 of the two elastic thermal units 200 are aligned, the rotating layer 211 acts as a fluid channel at a position other than the shape memory alloy tube group. The outer wall of the rotating layer 211 is fixed with an outer spring 212, a locking wheel 213, and a locking wheel channel 214 at intervals of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction. The outer spring 212 in the locking wheel channel 214 is in a compressed state, supporting the locking wheel 213 to extend and retract along the locking wheel channel 214 to contact the annular groove on the inner wall of the alignment layer 240. One end of the locking wheel channel 214 is fixed to the outer wall of the rotating layer 211, and the other end is fixed to the outer wall of the rotating layer 211. The end is in the annular groove on the inner wall of the alignment layer 240, limiting the axial movement of the rotating layer 211 relative to the alignment layer 240. In a stable state, the locking wheel 213 contacts the concave part of the groove on the inner wall of the alignment layer 240. When the rotating layer 211 is rotated under force, it can only rotate by multiples of 90 degrees relative to the alignment layer 240 each time. Four inner springs 215 and corresponding four inner lock tongues 216 are fixed to the inner wall of the rotating layer, arranged at 90 degrees in the circumferential direction, and four inner lock heads 217 are fixed to the pressure rod 221, arranged at 90 degrees in the circumferential direction. When the layer 211 is in a stable state, the inner lock tongue 216 corresponds to the inner lock head 217 one-to-one. When locked, the inner lock head 217, driven by the pressure rod 221, contacts the inclined surface of the inner lock tongue 216 and can compress the inner spring 215 through the inner lock tongue 216. After the pressure rod 221 is no longer under force, the inner lock head 217 moves in the opposite direction under the elastic force of the shape memory alloy tube assembly. The inner lock head 217 contacts the plane of the inner lock tongue 216 and cannot directly compress the inner spring 215 and cannot move. The shape memory alloy tube assembly 230 maintains a compressed state.

[0061] The force-bearing device includes a pressure rod 221, a coaxial pressure plate 222, and a roller 223. One end face of the pressure rod 221 has a cross protrusion, and the other end face has a cross depression; the pressure rod 221 is fixed with a coaxial pressure plate 222, which is fixedly connected to the end of the shape memory alloy tube group. The coaxial pressure plate 222 has a flow channel corresponding to the shape memory alloy tube 231, which does not block the flow of fluid in the shape memory alloy tube group 230. After the alignment layers 240 of the two elastic and thermal units 200 are aligned and the rotating layer 211 is docked, the two pressure rods 221 are connected to conduct stress. The inner wall of the end of the rotating layer 211 away from the coaxial pressure plate 222 is evenly distributed with rollers 223 in the circumferential direction. The rollers 223 are in contact with the end of the shape memory alloy tube group away from the coaxial pressure plate 222 and limit the axial movement of the shape memory alloy tube group relative to the rotating layer 211. To ensure alignment of the alignment layers 240 and docking of the rotation layers 211, the sum of the lengths of the rotation layers 211 of the two elastic thermal units 200 at the point of overlap equals the length of the overlapped point. The shape memory alloy tubes are densely arranged outside the compression rod 221, forming a fluid flow channel.

[0062] The shape memory alloy tube group includes a multi-layer hollow tube group, which is composed of multiple shape memory alloy circular tubes 231 to form a layer of hollow tube group. The diameter of the hollow part is greater than or equal to the diameter of the pressure rod 221. Disc brackets 232 are fixed around the hollow tube group. There are flow channels corresponding to the shape memory alloy circular tubes 231 on the disc bracket 232, forming a fluid flow channel. The interlayer phase change temperature gradient of the multi-layer shape memory alloy circular tubes 231 can be designed according to the fluid temperature gradient during operation.

[0063] The alignment layer 240 is a hollow cylinder with a regular cylindrical outer wall. An annular groove is engraved on the inner wall at a certain height. The radial distance between the annular groove and the outer wall of the rotating layer 211 gradually decreases by 1mm to 100mm every 90 degrees. The end annular surface of the alignment layer 240 gradually convexes toward the axial direction along a certain diameter.

[0064] The elastic heat exchange device 400 includes a top cover 401, a pipeline 402, a liquid pump 403, a liquid storage tank 404, and a four-way valve 405; the outermost ring of the top cover 401 matches the alignment layer 240, the inner ring matches the rotating layer 211, and the central cross recess matches the protrusion at one end of the pressure rod 221 and cannot rotate. When the compression state of the elastic heat unit 200 is released, the inner ring of the top cover 401 rotates, and only the rotating layer 211 rotates, and the self-locking device of the elastic heat unit 200 is unlocked; after unlocking, the liquid pump 403 drives the liquid in the liquid storage tank 404 to flow along the pipeline 402, flowing between the liquid storage tank 404, the elastic heat unit group 201, and the heat load 700. When heat exchange stops, the fluid in the elastic heat unit group 201, the pipeline 402, and the heat load 700 flows into the liquid storage tank 404 under the action of gravity. The four-way valve 405 is used to switch the flow path in different modes.

[0065] The refrigeration machine is a water chiller 601, which produces low-temperature liquid under electric drive; the cooling device 500 is a fan 501, which cools the elastic heat unit 200 by forced convection.

[0066] In one possible implementation, Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 As shown, when the embodiment of the present invention is compressed and locked, the inner lock head 217 contacts the inclined surface of the inner lock tongue 216 under the drive of the pressure rod 221, and the inner spring 215 can be compressed through the inner lock tongue 216. Under the support of the compression device 300, the coaxial pressure plate 222 on the pressure rod 221 compresses the shape memory alloy tube group 230. After the pressure rod 221 is no longer under force, the inner lock head 217 moves in the opposite direction under the elastic force of the shape memory alloy tube group. The inner lock head 217 contacts the plane of the inner lock tongue 216, so it cannot directly compress the inner spring 215 and cannot move. Under the restriction of the roller 223 and the coaxial pressure plate 222, the shape memory alloy tube group Maintain the compressed state; when the embodiment of the present invention is unlocked and compressed, the rotating layer 211 rotates, driving the outer spring 212, the locking wheel 213, the locking wheel channel 214, the inner spring 215, and the inner locking tongue 216 to rotate. During the rotation process, the inner locking tongue 216 no longer blocks the movement of the inner locking head 217, and the inner locking head 217 returns to its original position under the elastic force of the shape memory alloy tube group. Under the action of the outer spring 212, the locking wheel 213 is stabilized in the depression of the alignment layer 240. The angle between the depressions of the two alignment layers 240 is a multiple of the angle between the two inner locking tongues 216. Therefore, after rotation, the inner locking tongue 216 and the inner locking head 217 are still in corresponding positions.

[0067] In one possible implementation, Figure 7 As shown, the pressure head on one side of the compression device 300 contacts the shape memory alloy tube group 230 of the elastic thermal unit 200 and does not contact the rotating layer 211 or the pressure rod 221 , while the pressure head on the other side contacts the pressure rod 221 .

[0068] In one possible implementation, Figure 8 、 Figure 9 、 Figure 10 、 Figure 11 、 Figure 12As shown, the conveyor belt 111 of the embodiment of the present invention transports the elastic thermal unit 200 under the drive of the motor 101. When the elastic thermal unit 200 is moved to the corresponding position of the compression device 300, the motor 101 stops driving and the waiting time is greater than or equal to the time required for compression. After the compression device 300 completes compression, the motor 101 continues driving to move the next elastic thermal unit 200 to the corresponding position of the compression device 300, and the cycle is repeated; the compressed elastic thermal unit 200 rolls into the inclined slide 121 under the drive of the conveyor belt 111, and one side of the inclined slide 121 is partially empty, and the elastic thermal unit 200 rolls sideways into the sleeve 122. The sleeve 122 corresponds one-to-one with the coaxial base 124 fixed on the rotating chassis 123 below. The outermost ring of the base 124 matches the alignment layer 240 in the elastic thermal unit 200, which can align the elastic thermal unit 200. The inner ring matches the rotating layer 211 in the elastic thermal unit 200 and can be seamlessly connected with it. The central cross protrusion matches the recessed part at one end of the pressure rod 221 in the elastic thermal unit 200, which facilitates the control of the rotation of the pressure rod 221 and the shape memory alloy tube group 230 connected thereto. Under the constraints of the sleeve 122 and the base 124, the alignment layer 240, the rotating layer 211, and the pressure rod 221 of adjacent elastic thermal units 200 match each other, and every two elastic thermal units 200 are aligned and connected to form an elastic thermal unit group 201.

[0069] like Figure 13 As shown, the conveying device of the embodiment of the present invention is divided into a compression section, a heat exchange section, and a recovery section, and includes a motor 101, a conveying crawler 111, an inclined slide 121, a sleeve 122, a rotating chassis 123, a base 124, a separator 131, and an inclined conveying crawler 132. The motor 101 is arranged in the compression section and drives the conveying device to operate. The motor 101 operates intermittently, and the intermittent period is greater than or equal to the time required for the compression device 300 to compress the elastic heat unit 200.

[0070] The heat exchange section is composed of an inclined slide 121, a sleeve 122, a rotating chassis 123, and a base 124. The inclined slide 121 slides the elastic heat unit 200 conveyed by the conveying crawler 111 into the sleeve 122. The sleeve 122 corresponds one-to-one with the coaxial base 124 fixed on the rotating chassis 123 below. The outermost ring of the base 124 matches the alignment layer 240 of the elastic heat unit 200 and can align the elastic heat unit 200. The inner ring matches the rotating layer 211 of the elastic heat unit 200 and can seamlessly connect with the rotating layer 211. The central cross protrusion matches the concave portion of one end of the pressure rod 221 of the elastic thermal unit 200, and is used to control the rotation of the pressure rod 221 and the connected shape memory alloy tube group 230. Under the constraints of the sleeve 122 and the base 124, the alignment layers 240, the rotation layers 211, and the pressure rods 221 of adjacent elastic thermal units 200 match each other. A set number of elastic thermal units 200 are aligned and connected to form an elastic thermal unit group 201. The phase change temperature gradient between the elastic thermal units 200 in the elastic thermal unit group 201 is designed according to the fluid temperature gradient during operation.

[0071] As shown in the figure, the rotating chassis 123 of the recovery section has no base 124 connected to it. The elastic heat unit 200 slides out along the sleeve, and the separator 131 rotates, driving the elastic heat unit 200 that slides out due to gravity to move to the inclined conveyor belt 132. Due to the difference between the high rotation speed of the separator 131 and the low falling speed of the elastic heat unit 200, the connected elastic heat units 200 are separated, and the elastic heat unit 200 is transported back to the conveyor belt 111 of the compression section 110 under the inclined conveyor belt 132.

[0072] The elastic-caloric-compression refrigeration and cold storage system of the present invention has a refrigeration mode, a stress-driven cold storage mode, and a temperature-driven cold storage mode.

[0073] Another embodiment provides a control method for the elastic-caloric-compression refrigeration and cold storage system, comprising:

[0074] In cooling mode, after the compression device 300 compresses the elastic heat unit 200, before the elastic heat exchange device drives the fluid to exchange heat, the cooling device cools the elastic heat unit 200 by forced convection;

[0075] During the cold storage phase of the stress-driven cold storage mode, the elastic heat exchanger 200 dissipates heat to the environment through natural convection or forced convection by the cooling device 500. During the cooling phase of the stress-driven cold storage mode, the elastic heat exchanger drives the fluid to flow between the elastic heat exchanger 200 and the heat load 700.

[0076] During the cold storage stage of the temperature-driven cold storage mode, the shape memory alloy tube group is in an uncompressed state, and the refrigerator drives the fluid to cool the elastic thermal unit 200 to a temperature lower than the ambient temperature. The shape memory alloy tube group releases heat to the fluid and transforms from austenite to martensite. During the cooling stage of the temperature-driven cold storage mode, the elastic thermal heat exchange device drives the fluid to flow between the elastic thermal unit 200 and the heat load 700, and the shape memory alloy tube group absorbs heat from the fluid and transforms from martensite to austenite.

[0077] like Figure 14 As shown, when the elastic-thermal compression refrigeration and cold storage system according to the embodiment of the present invention operates in the cooling mode, before the elastic-thermal unit 200 is released from the compression state, the fan 501 can cool the elastic-thermal unit 200 by forced convection, and the liquid pump 403 in the elastic-thermal heat exchange device 400 drives the liquid in the liquid storage tank 404 to flow along the pipe 402, and flows between the liquid storage tank 404, the elastic-thermal unit group 201, and the heat load 700, thereby reducing the temperature of the heat load 700.

[0078] like Figure 15 As shown, the elastic-thermal compression refrigeration and cold storage system of the present invention operates in the stress-driven cold storage mode or the cooling stage in the temperature-driven cold storage mode. The liquid pump 403 in the elastic-thermal heat exchange device 400 drives the liquid in the liquid storage tank 404 to flow along the pipeline 402, and flows between the liquid storage tank 404, the elastic-thermal unit group 201, and the heat load 700, and the temperature of the heat load 700 is reduced.

[0079] like Figure 16 As shown, the elastic thermal compression refrigeration and cold storage system of the embodiment of the present invention operates in the cold storage stage under the temperature-driven cold storage mode. The liquid pump 403 drives the liquid in the liquid storage tank 404 to flow along the pipeline 402, flowing between the liquid storage tank 404, the elastic thermal unit group 201, and the chiller 601, and the temperature of the elastic thermal unit group 201 is reduced.

[0080] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An elastic caloric compression refrigeration and cold storage system, characterized by: It comprises a conveying device, an elastic heat unit (200), a compression device (300), an elastic heat exchange device, a cooling device, and a refrigerator; A conveying device drives the elastic heat unit (200) to move back and forth between the compression device (300) and the elastic heat exchange device; A compression device (300) is used to compress the elastic thermal unit (200) on the conveying device, wherein the portion of the elastic thermal unit (200) having an elastic thermal effect adopts a shape memory alloy tube group, and the shape memory alloy tube group in the elastic thermal unit (200) transforms from austenite to martensite under the loading of compressive stress, and the temperature rises, and heat is dissipated to the environment until it cools to the ambient temperature; The elastic thermal unit (200) enables the shape memory alloy tube group to maintain a compressed state after being compressed through a self-locking structure; The elastic heat exchange device can release the compression state of the shape memory alloy tube group, so that the shape memory alloy tube group changes from martensite to austenite after the compressive stress is unloaded, and the temperature is reduced; The elastic heat exchange device drives the fluid to flow between the elastic heat unit and the heat load to reduce the temperature of the heat load; A cooling device capable of cooling the elastic thermal unit (200) by forced convection; The refrigerator drives the fluid to cool the elastic heat unit (200) to a temperature lower than the ambient temperature when the shape memory alloy tube group is in an uncompressed state, so that the shape memory alloy tube group releases heat to the fluid and changes from austenite to martensite.

2. The elastic-caloric-compression refrigeration and cold storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic thermal unit (200) includes a self-locking structure, which is composed of a rotating layer (211), an outer spring (212), a locking wheel (213), a locking wheel channel (214), an inner spring (215), an inner locking tongue (216) and an inner locking head (217). The rotating layer (211) is a hollow cylinder, and a circular ring surface at one end is distributed with grooves in the circumferential direction, and a circular ring surface at the other end is distributed with protrusions, so that the rotating layers (211) of different elastic thermal units (200) rotate and dock synchronously. After the alignment layers (240) of the two elastic thermal units (200) are aligned, the rotating layer (211) ) acts as a fluid channel at a position other than the shape memory alloy tube group, and an outer spring (212), a locking wheel (213), and a locking wheel channel (214) are fixed to the outer wall of the rotating layer (211) at intervals of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction. The outer spring (212) in the locking wheel channel (214) is in a compressed state, supporting the locking wheel (213) to stretch along the locking wheel channel (214) to contact the annular groove on the inner wall of the alignment layer (240). One end of the locking wheel channel (214) is fixed to the outer wall of the rotating layer (211), and the other end is in the annular groove on the inner wall of the alignment layer (240). The axial movement of the rotating layer (211) relative to the alignment layer (240) is restricted. In a stable state, the locking wheel (213) contacts the concave portion of the inner wall groove of the alignment layer (240). When the rotating layer (211) is rotated under force, it can only rotate relative to the alignment layer (240) by multiples of 90 degrees at a time. Four inner springs (215) and corresponding four inner lock tongues (216) are fixed to the inner wall of the rotating layer and arranged at intervals of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction. Four inner lock heads (217) are fixed to the pressure rod (221) and arranged at intervals of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction. The rotating layer (211) is in a stable state. When the inner lock tongue (216) and the inner lock head (217) are in one-to-one correspondence, when locked, the inner lock head (217) contacts the inclined surface of the inner lock tongue (216) under the drive of the pressure rod (221) and can compress the inner spring (215) through the inner lock tongue (216). After the pressure rod (221) is no longer subjected to force, the inner lock head (217) moves in the opposite direction under the elastic force of the shape memory alloy tube group. The inner lock head (217) contacts the plane of the inner lock tongue (216) and cannot directly compress the inner spring (215) and cannot move. The shape memory alloy tube group (230) maintains a compressed state.

3. The elastic-caloric-compression refrigeration and cold storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The elastic heating unit (200) comprises a force-bearing device, which comprises a pressure rod (221), a coaxial pressure plate (222), and a roller (223); One end surface of the pressure rod (221) has a cross protrusion, and the other end surface has a cross depression; A coaxial pressure plate (222) is fixed on the pressure rod (221), and the coaxial pressure plate (222) is fixedly connected to the end of the shape memory alloy tube group. A flow channel corresponding to the shape memory alloy round tube (231) exists on the coaxial pressure plate (222), which does not block the flow of fluid in the shape memory alloy tube group (230). After the alignment layers (240) of the two elastic and thermal units (200) are aligned and the rotating layers (211) are docked, the two pressure rods (221) are connected to conduct stress. Rollers (223) are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the end of the rotating layer (211) away from the coaxial pressure plate (222) in the circumferential direction. The rollers (223) are in contact with the end of the shape memory alloy tube group away from the coaxial pressure plate (222) and limit the axial movement of the shape memory alloy tube group relative to the rotating layer (211).

4. The elastic-caloric-compression refrigeration and cold storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The elastic-thermal unit (200) includes a shape memory alloy tube group, which includes a multi-layer hollow tube group. A layer of hollow tube group is formed by a plurality of shape memory alloy circular tubes (231). The diameter of the hollow part is greater than or equal to the diameter of the pressure rod (221). Disc brackets (232) are fixed around the hollow tube group. Flow channels corresponding to the shape memory alloy circular tubes (231) are present on the disc bracket (232), forming a fluid flow channel. The interlayer phase change temperature gradient of the multi-layer shape memory alloy circular tubes (231) can be designed according to the fluid temperature gradient during operation.

5. The elastic-caloric-compression refrigeration and cold storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The elastic thermal unit (200) comprises an alignment layer (240), the alignment layer (240) is a hollow cylinder, the outer wall of the hollow cylinder is a regular cylindrical wall surface, an annular groove is engraved on the inner wall at a certain height, the radial distance between the annular groove and the outer wall of the rotating layer (211) gradually decreases by 1 mm to 100 mm every 90 degrees, and the end annular surface of the alignment layer (240) gradually convexes toward the axial direction along a certain diameter.

6. The elastic-caloric-compression refrigeration and cold storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The conveying device is divided into a compression section, a heat exchange section, and a recovery section, and includes a motor (101), a conveying crawler (111), an inclined slide (121), a sleeve (122), a rotating chassis (123), a base (124), a separator (131), and an inclined conveying crawler (132); The motor (101) is arranged in the compression section, and the motor (101) drives the conveying device to operate. The motor (101) operates intermittently, and the intermittent time is greater than or equal to the time required for the compression device (300) to compress the elastic heat unit (200); The heat exchange section is composed of an inclined slide (121), a sleeve (122), a rotating chassis (123), and a base (124). The inclined slide (121) slides the elastic heat unit (200) transmitted by the transmission crawler (111) into the sleeve (122). The sleeve (122) corresponds to the coaxial base (124) fixed on the rotating chassis (123) below. The outermost ring of the base (124) matches the alignment layer (240) of the elastic heat unit (200) and can align the elastic heat unit (200). The inner ring matches the rotating layer (211) of the elastic heat unit (200) and can align with the rotating layer (21 1) seamless docking, a central cross protrusion matches a recessed portion at one end of a pressure rod (221) of the elastic thermal unit (200), and is used to control the rotation of the pressure rod (221) and the connected shape memory alloy tube group (230). Under the constraints of the sleeve (122) and the base (124), the alignment layer (240), the rotation layer (211), and the pressure rod (221) of adjacent elastic thermal units (200) match each other. Each set number of elastic thermal units (200) are aligned and connected to form an elastic thermal unit group (201). The phase change temperature gradient between the elastic thermal units (200) of the elastic thermal unit group (201) is designed according to the fluid temperature gradient during operation. The recovery section rotating chassis (123) has no base (124) connected thereto, the elastic heat unit (200) slides out along the sleeve (122), the separator (131) rotates, and drives the elastic heat unit (200) that slides out due to gravity to move to the inclined conveyor belt (132), and the connected elastic heat unit (200) is separated due to the difference between the high rotation speed of the separator (131) and the low falling speed of the elastic heat unit (200), and the elastic heat unit (200) is transported back to the conveyor belt (111) of the compression section by the inclined conveyor belt (132).

7. The elastic-caloric-compression refrigeration and cold storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A pressure head on one side of the compression device (300) contacts the shape memory alloy tube assembly, and a pressure head on the other side contacts the compression rod (221).

8. The elastic-caloric-compression refrigeration and cold storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The elastic heat exchange device (400) includes a top cover (401), a pipeline (402), a liquid pump (403), a liquid storage tank (404), and a four-way valve (405); the outermost ring of the top cover (401) matches the alignment layer (240), the inner ring matches the rotation layer (211), the central cross depression matches the protrusion at one end of the pressure rod (221) and cannot rotate. When the compression state of the elastic heat unit (200) is released, the inner ring of the top cover (401) rotates, and only the rotation layer (211) ) rotates, and the self-locking device of the elastic thermal unit (200) is unlocked; after unlocking, the liquid pump (403) drives the liquid in the liquid storage tank (404) to flow along the pipeline (402), and flows between the liquid storage tank (404), the elastic thermal unit group (201), and the heat load (700). When the heat exchange stops, the fluid in the elastic thermal unit group (201), the pipeline (402), and the heat load (700) flows into the liquid storage tank (404) under the action of gravity. The four-way valve (405) is used for flow path switching in different modes.

9. The elastic-caloric-compression refrigeration and cold storage system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The refrigeration machine is a water chiller (601), which produces low-temperature liquid under electric drive; the cooling device (500) is a fan (501), which cools the elastic thermal unit (200) by forced convection.

10. A control method for the elastic-compression refrigeration and cold storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The elastic-caloric compression refrigeration and cold storage system has a refrigeration mode, a stress-driven cold storage mode, and a temperature-driven cold storage mode; In the cooling mode, after the compression device (300) compresses the elastic heat unit (200), before the elastic heat exchange device drives the fluid to exchange heat, the cooling device cools the elastic heat unit (200) by forced convection; During the cold storage phase of the stress-driven cold storage mode, the elastic heat unit (200) dissipates heat to the environment through natural convection or forced convection by the cooling device (500); during the cooling release phase of the stress-driven cold storage mode, the elastic heat exchange device drives the fluid to flow between the elastic heat unit (200) and the heat load (700); During the cold storage phase of the temperature-driven cold storage mode, the shape memory alloy tube group is in an uncompressed state, the refrigerator drives the fluid to cool the elastic thermal unit (200) to a temperature lower than the ambient temperature, and the shape memory alloy tube group releases heat to the fluid, changing from austenite to martensite; during the cooling phase of the temperature-driven cold storage mode, the elastic thermal heat exchange device drives the fluid to flow between the elastic thermal unit (200) and the heat load (700), and the shape memory alloy tube group absorbs heat from the fluid, changing from martensite to austenite; The austenite termination phase transition temperature of the shape memory alloy tube group is lower than the ambient temperature, and it is in an austenite state at the ambient temperature; when the system operates in the cooling mode and the stress-driven cold storage mode, the shape memory alloy tube group is cooled to the ambient temperature after heat dissipation and before cooling, and the cooling temperature in the cooling mode and the stress-driven cold storage mode is lower than the ambient temperature; when the system operates in the temperature-driven cold storage mode, the shape memory alloy tube group is cooled to the required cooling temperature by the refrigerator after cooling and before cooling, and the cooling temperature in the temperature-driven cold storage mode is lower than the cooling temperature in the cooling mode and the stress-driven cold storage mode.

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