Antenna array, antenna device and base station system

Abstract

The application provides an antenna array, an antenna device and a base station system. The antenna array comprises a reflecting plate, a plurality of radiating units and a plurality of dielectric cover layers. The plurality of radiating units are arranged on the reflecting plate. The plurality of radiating units form at least four columns of oscillator column units distributed in a horizontal direction. The plurality of dielectric cover layers are arranged above each oscillator column unit respectively. The equivalent dielectric constants of the dielectric cover layers above the partial oscillator column units are different. The dielectric cover layers above the middle axes of the at least four columns of oscillator column units distributed in the horizontal direction are symmetrically distributed about the middle axes. The application independently arranges the dielectric cover layers with different equivalent dielectric constants above the partial oscillator column units respectively, so that the difference in the gain of the radio frequency signal about the different oscillator column units can be eliminated, the performance of transmitting and receiving the radio frequency signal in different regions of the antenna array is balanced, and the communication quality is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to an antenna array, an antenna device and a base station system. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, a base station antenna using a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology generally arranges a plurality of antenna units in a horizontal or vertical dimension to receive and transmit electromagnetic wave energy. In the horizontal direction, due to a small unit spacing, generally about 1 / 2 wavelength, the unit beam is wide and the gain is low. In addition, due to different environments of each column of units, the beam shapes are different. Generally, the unit beam is wide near the center of the array, and the beam width of the edge column unit is relatively narrow, thereby leading to inconsistent gain and large difference, and the performance of each column of antenna units is different. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to provide an antenna array, an antenna device and a base station system to solve the problem of inconsistent gain and large difference of some antenna units in the existing antenna array.

[0004] The first aspect of the present application provides an antenna array, which comprises a reflecting plate, a radiation unit and a dielectric cover layer. The plurality of radiation units are arranged on the reflecting plate, the plurality of radiation units form at least four columns of oscillator column units distributed in the horizontal direction, the plurality of dielectric cover layers are arranged above each oscillator column unit, and the equivalent dielectric constant of the dielectric cover layer above some oscillator column units is different. The dielectric cover layers on both sides of the central axis of the at least four columns of oscillator column units distributed in the horizontal direction are symmetrically distributed about the central axis.

[0005] The radiation unit is a basic unit constituting the antenna array and is capable of transmitting or receiving radio frequency signals. The reflecting plate is capable of concentrating radio frequency signals to the concentration point of the radiation unit, improving the sensitivity of radio frequency signal reception, and blocking interfering waves below the reflecting plate. The dielectric cover layer is capable of affecting the wave width of the radio frequency signal, changing the directivity and energy concentration degree of the radio frequency signal, that is, changing the gain of the radio frequency signal. Due to the difference in the environment of different radiation units or element column units, there is a difference in the gain of the radio frequency signal, and therefore, the application independently sets the dielectric cover layer with different equivalent dielectric constants above part of the different radiation units or different element column units, which can eliminate the difference in the gain of the radio frequency signal of different radiation units or different element column units, balance the performance of transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals in different regions of the antenna array, and thus improve the communication quality. The dielectric cover layers on both sides of the middle axis of the at least four horizontally distributed element column units are symmetrically distributed about the middle axis, and therefore, the antenna array of the application can make the gain of the radio frequency signal on both sides of the middle axis symmetric about the middle axis on the basis of eliminating the difference in the gain of the radio frequency signal of different element column units, and further improve the communication quality.

[0006] In a possible design, the dielectric cover layer includes at least two dielectric layers, and the equivalent dielectric constants of the at least two dielectric layers are different.

[0007] The setting makes the whole dielectric cover layer equivalent to form a new dielectric constant, which is different from the equivalent dielectric constant of any dielectric layer, so as to change the gain of the radio frequency signal of a certain radiation unit. The layering structure of the dielectric cover layer makes it possible to flexibly change any dielectric layer during the manufacturing of the dielectric cover layer, and the equivalent dielectric constant of different dielectric cover layers can be changed without complex manufacturing processes, so as to eliminate the difference in the gain of the radio frequency signal of the middle region and the edge region inside the antenna array, and thus improve the communication quality.

[0008] In a possible design, the at least two dielectric layers are laminated and jointed, and the joint surfaces of the at least two dielectric layers are in contact or have a gap in part of the region.

[0009] The distance between the at least two dielectric layers is adjusted according to the environment of each radiation unit, so that the dielectric layers are in contact or have a gap. When the joint surfaces of different dielectric layers are in contact, there is no air between the dielectric layers, and only the equivalent dielectric constant of different dielectric layers is formed. When there is a gap between the joint surfaces of different dielectric layers, the gap can be filled with air to form an air layer, and the air in the gap also has a dielectric constant, and the dielectric constants of different dielectric layers and air are equivalent to form a relatively small dielectric constant. Therefore, according to the actual environment of different radiation units, by changing the distance between the at least two dielectric layers in the different dielectric cover layer, that is, changing the thickness of the air layer, the equivalent dielectric constant of the different dielectric cover layer is adjusted, the difference in gain of the radio frequency signal inside the antenna array is eliminated, and the communication quality is improved. Preferably, the joint surfaces of the dielectric layers are in contact with each other.

[0010] In a possible design, the materials of the at least two dielectric layers are materials with different dielectric constants.

[0011] At least two dielectric layers are formed by using two materials with different dielectric constants respectively, so that the two dielectric layers can form a new equivalent dielectric constant. Therefore, according to the actual environment of different radiation units, by arranging at least two dielectric layers made of materials with different dielectric constants in the different dielectric cover layer, the different dielectric cover layer forms the equivalent dielectric constant required by the corresponding radiation unit, the difference in gain of the radio frequency signal inside the antenna array is eliminated, and the communication quality is improved.

[0012] In a possible design, the materials of the at least two dielectric layers are the same, and at least one of the at least two dielectric layers is provided with a hole or a groove, so that the equivalent dielectric constants of the dielectric layers are different.

[0013] In the case that the materials of the at least two dielectric layers are the same, a recessed space such as a hole or a groove is arranged on at least one of the at least two dielectric layers, so that the recessed space contains air with a dielectric constant different from that of the dielectric layer, thereby forming a new equivalent dielectric constant. In this way, according to the actual environment of different radiation units, different sizes of holes or grooves can be arranged on the corresponding dielectric layers to form the equivalent dielectric constant required by different radiation units, the difference in gain of the radio frequency signal inside the antenna array is eliminated, and the communication quality is improved.

[0014] In a possible design, the dielectric cover layer is one of a planar structure, a curved surface structure or a wave structure, or a combination of two or more thereof.

[0015] The overall shape of the dielectric cover layer is adjusted, for example, the dielectric cover layer with a curved surface structure and the dielectric cover layer with a flat structure have different refractive indexes for radio frequency signals, different compression wave widths of the radio frequency signals, and different gains for the radio frequency signals. In this way, the overall shape of the corresponding dielectric cover layer can be changed according to the actual environment of different radiation units, the difference in the gain of the radio frequency signals inside the antenna array is eliminated, and the communication quality is improved.

[0016] In a possible design, the included angle between the dielectric cover layer and the top surface of the radiation unit is 0-90°.

[0017] Since the wave widths of the radio frequency signals of different radiation units are different, the propagation directions of the maximum energy of the radio frequency signals are different. By adjusting the included angle between different radiation units and the corresponding dielectric cover layer, the propagation directions of the maximum energy of the radio frequency signals of different radiation units are made the same, and the communication quality is improved.

[0018] In a possible design, the plurality of radiation units form four columnar vibrator column units, the dielectric cover layer includes a first dielectric cover layer and a second dielectric cover layer, the first dielectric cover layer is arranged above the two columnar vibrator column units located in the middle region of the reflecting plate, the second dielectric cover layer is arranged above the two columnar vibrator column units located in the edge region of the reflecting plate, the two columnar vibrator column units located in the edge region of the reflecting plate are located on the two sides of the two columnar vibrator column units located in the middle region of the reflecting plate, and the equivalent dielectric constants of the first dielectric cover layer and the second dielectric cover layer are different.

[0019] In this arrangement, the first dielectric cover layer covers the two columnar vibrator column units in the middle region, and the second dielectric cover layer covers the two columnar vibrator column units in the edge region. Since the equivalent dielectric constants of the first dielectric cover layer and the second dielectric cover layer are different, the difference in the gain of the radio frequency signals of different columnar vibrator column units in the middle region and the edge region can be eliminated, and the communication quality is improved.

[0020] In a possible design, the four columnar vibrator column units are sequentially arranged from one side of the reflecting plate to the other side as a first vibrator column unit, a second vibrator column unit, a third vibrator column unit, and a fourth vibrator column unit, the first vibrator column unit and the fourth vibrator column unit are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the four columnar vibrator column units in the arrangement direction of the four columnar vibrator column units, the second vibrator column unit and the third vibrator column unit are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the four columnar vibrator column units in the arrangement direction of the four columnar vibrator column units, the first dielectric cover layer is arranged above the second vibrator column unit and the third vibrator column unit, and the second dielectric cover layer is arranged above the first vibrator column unit and the fourth vibrator column unit.

[0021] Since the radiation environment on both sides of the central axis is the same, by symmetrically arranging the first dielectric cover layer and the second dielectric cover layer, the gain symmetry of the central axis on both sides about the radio frequency signal is realized on the basis of reducing the gain difference of different vibrator column units about the radio frequency signal, thereby improving the communication quality.

[0022] In a possible design, the first dielectric cover layer includes a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer and a third dielectric layer which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, and the thicknesses of the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer increase sequentially.

[0023] By arranging dielectric layers with different thicknesses in the first dielectric cover layer, a new dielectric constant of the first dielectric cover layer is equivalently formed. This method is relatively simple, and has strong flexibility in manufacturing. Only by replacing dielectric layers with different thicknesses, a first dielectric cover layer with different dielectric constants can be realized.

[0024] In a possible design, two third dielectric layers are arranged, and a first distance is kept between the two third dielectric layers in a direction parallel to the splicing surface of the third dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer.

[0025] On the basis of the first dielectric cover layer formed by splicing dielectric layers with different thicknesses, the third dielectric layer is divided into two, and a first gap, i.e., a first distance, is kept between the two third dielectric layers, and air is in the first gap. Since the air and the equivalent dielectric constant of the first dielectric cover layer are different, the air in the first gap and the first dielectric cover layer equivalently form a new dielectric constant. Therefore, without increasing or decreasing the thickness of the third dielectric layer in the first dielectric cover layer, only by adjusting the distance of the first gap between the two third dielectric layers, the equivalent dielectric constant of the first dielectric cover layer can be adjusted, and the mounting member adapted to the first dielectric cover layer can also be manufactured under the condition of the same structure size, so that the manufacturing process of the antenna array is simpler.

[0026] In a possible design, the second dielectric cover layer includes a fourth dielectric layer, a fifth dielectric layer and a sixth dielectric layer which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, and the thicknesses of the fourth dielectric layer, the fifth dielectric layer and the sixth dielectric layer decrease sequentially.

[0027] By arranging dielectric layers with different thicknesses in the second dielectric cover layer, a new dielectric constant of the second dielectric cover layer is equivalently formed. This method is relatively simple, and has strong flexibility in manufacturing. Only by replacing dielectric layers with different thicknesses, a second dielectric cover layer with different dielectric constants can be realized.

[0028] In a possible design, the fourth dielectric layer is provided with a groove, and the fifth dielectric layer and the sixth dielectric layer are each provided with two, and the two fifth dielectric layers and the two sixth dielectric layers each maintain a second distance in the direction of the joint surface of the fifth dielectric layer and the fourth dielectric layer.

[0029] The second dielectric cover layer is formed by splicing dielectric layers with different thicknesses, and the fifth dielectric layer and the sixth dielectric layer are each divided into two, so that the two fifth dielectric layers and the two sixth dielectric layers each have a second gap, i.e., a second distance, and the fourth dielectric layer is provided with a groove. Because the second gap or the groove has air, a new dielectric constant is formed equivalent to the second dielectric cover layer. Therefore, without increasing or decreasing the thicknesses of the fourth dielectric layer, the fifth dielectric layer, and the sixth dielectric layer, the equivalent dielectric constant of the second dielectric cover layer can be adjusted by adjusting the spacing between the two fifth dielectric layers and the two sixth dielectric layers or changing the depth of the groove of the fourth dielectric layer, and the mounting member adapted to the second dielectric cover layer can be manufactured under the same structural size, improving the manufacturability of the antenna array.

[0030] The second aspect of the present application provides an antenna device, and the antenna device includes the antenna array in the foregoing content.

[0031] The third aspect of the present application provides a base station system, and the base station system includes the antenna device in the foregoing content.

[0032] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and do not limit the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 Structure schematic diagram of the base station system provided by the present application in some embodiments;

[0034] Figure 2 Structure schematic diagram of the antenna device provided by the present application in some embodiments;

[0035] Figure 3 Structure schematic diagram of the first specific embodiment of the antenna array provided by the present application;

[0036] Figure 4 Structure schematic diagram of the second specific embodiment of the antenna array provided by the present application;

[0037] Figure 5 Structure schematic diagram of the first dielectric cover layer in the base station system provided by the present application; Figure 4

[0038] Structure schematic diagram of the second dielectric cover layer in the base station system provided by the present application; Figure 6 Figure 4 ​A curve chart of half-power beam width of horizontal plane radiation pattern of the second and third dipole column units;

[0039] Figure 7 For Figure 4 A structure schematic diagram of the second dielectric cover layer;

[0040] Figure 8 For Figure 4 A curve chart of half-power beam width of horizontal plane radiation pattern of the first and fourth dipole column units.

[0041] Reference signs:

[0042] 100-antenna device;

[0043] 101-antenna array;

[0044] 102-feed network;

[0045] 103-phase shifter;

[0046] 104-drive network;

[0047] 105-combiner;

[0048] 106-antenna joint;

[0049] 107-antenna cover;

[0050] 200-antenna adjusting support;

[0051] 300-fixed rod;

[0052] 400-joint seal;

[0053] 500-ground device;

[0054] 1-reflective plate;

[0055] 2-radiation unit;

[0056] 21-first dipole column unit;

[0057] 22-second dipole column unit;

[0058] 23-third dipole column unit;

[0059] 24-fourth dipole column unit;

[0060] 3-dielectric cover layer;

[0061] 31-first dielectric cover layer;

[0062] 311-first dielectric layer;

[0063] 312-second dielectric layer;

[0064] 313 - third dielectric layer;

[0065] 314 - first gap;

[0066] 32 - second dielectric cover layer;

[0067] 321 - fourth dielectric layer;

[0068] 322 - fifth dielectric layer;

[0069] 323 - sixth dielectric layer;

[0070] 324 - second gap;

[0071] 325 - recess;

[0072] a - central axis.

[0073] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and constitute part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the application and serve to explain the principles of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] In order to better understand the technical solutions of the present application, the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0075] In a specific embodiment, the present application is further described in detail below through specific embodiments and in conjunction with the drawings.

[0076] The present application provides a base station system, an antenna device 100 and an antenna array 101, which can be applied to the fields of radar, broadcasting and communication, etc. As shown in the figure, the base station system is composed of an antenna device 100, an antenna adjusting support 200, a fixed rod 300, a joint sealing piece 400, a grounding device 500, etc. The base station system is an interface device of wireless communication, which can interact with the communication terminal in the region. Figure 1

[0077] As shown in the figure, the base station system is composed of an antenna device 100, an antenna adjusting support 200, a fixed rod 300, a joint sealing piece 400, a grounding device 500, etc. The base station system is an interface device of wireless communication, which can interact with the communication terminal in the region. Figure 2 ​As shown, the antenna device 100 is composed of an antenna array 101, a phase shifter 103, a transmission network 104 or a calibration network, a combiner 105 or a waveguide, and a radome 107. The antenna array 101 receives or transmits radio frequency signals through a feed network 102 composed of the phase shifter 103, the transmission network 104, and the combiner 105. The feed network 102 can feed radio frequency signals to the antenna array 101 according to certain amplitudes and phases, or transmit wireless signals received by the antenna array 101 to a signal processing unit of a base station system according to certain amplitudes and phases through an antenna joint 106. The radome 107 can protect the internal components from risks such as electromagnetic interference in the external environment and damage by external foreign objects.

[0078] Wherein, please refer to Figures 3-4 As shown, the antenna array 101 includes a reflecting plate 1, a plurality of radiating units 2, and a plurality of dielectric cover layers 3. The plurality of radiating units 2 are arranged on the reflecting plate 1, the plurality of radiating units 2 form at least four columns of element column units distributed in the horizontal direction, the plurality of dielectric cover layers 3 are arranged above each element column unit, and the equivalent dielectric constants of the dielectric cover layers 3 above the partial element column units are different. The dielectric cover layers 3 on both sides of the central axis a of the at least four columns of element column units distributed in the horizontal direction are symmetrically distributed about the central axis a.

[0079] In this embodiment, the radiating unit 2 is a basic unit constituting the antenna array 101 and can transmit or receive radio frequency signals. The reflecting plate 1 can concentrate radio frequency signals to the concentration point of the radiating unit 2, improve the sensitivity of radio frequency signal reception, and block interference waves below the reflecting plate 1. The dielectric cover layer 3 can affect the beam width of the radio frequency signal, change the directivity and energy concentration degree of the radio frequency signal, that is, change the gain of the radio frequency signal. The greater the dielectric constant, the smaller the beam width, and the greater the gain. Since the environments of different element column units are different, there are differences in the gain of the radio frequency signal. Therefore, the dielectric cover layers 3 with different equivalent dielectric constants are independently arranged above the partial element column units, which can eliminate the differences in the gain of the radio frequency signal of different element column units, balance the performance of transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals in different regions of the antenna array 101, and thus improve the communication quality. In addition, the dielectric cover layers 3 on both sides of the central axis a of the at least four columns of element column units distributed in the horizontal direction are symmetrically distributed about the central axis a. Therefore, the antenna array of the present application can make the gain of the radio frequency signal on both sides of the central axis a symmetric about the central axis a on the basis of eliminating the differences in the gain of the radio frequency signal of different element column units, and further improve the communication quality.

[0080] Wherein, as Figures 3-4As shown, the antenna array 101 can include four column of element column units, each of which is composed of a plurality of radiating elements 2. Due to the large difference in radiation environment between the element column units in the middle region and the edge region of the reflector plate 1, the gain difference of radio frequency signals in the middle region and the edge region is large. In this embodiment, the equivalent dielectric constant of the dielectric cover layer 3 in the middle region is different from that of the dielectric cover layer 3 in the edge region, so as to eliminate the gain difference of radio frequency signals in the middle region and the edge region, thereby improving the communication quality.

[0081] In addition, the equivalent dielectric constant of the dielectric cover layer 3 above each radiating element 2 can also be different according to the actual environment of the different radiating elements 2, so as to eliminate the gain difference of radio frequency signals inside the antenna array 101.

[0082] In this embodiment, the dielectric constant of the dielectric cover layer 3 is generally related to factors such as material and structure. Therefore, the material and / or structure of the dielectric cover layer 3 above each column, each row or each radiating element 2 can be changed from the overall or local perspective, so as to form the required equivalent dielectric constant, thereby eliminating the gain difference of radio frequency signals inside the antenna array 101 while compressing the wave width and improving the gain, thereby improving the communication quality.

[0083] In a specific embodiment, please refer to Figures 3-4 As shown, the dielectric cover layer 3 includes at least two dielectric layers, and the equivalent dielectric constants of the at least two dielectric layers are different.

[0084] In this embodiment, the dielectric cover layer 3 includes at least two dielectric layers, and the equivalent dielectric constants of the at least two dielectric layers are different. The whole dielectric cover layer 3 can be equivalent to form a new dielectric constant different from the equivalent dielectric constant of any one of the dielectric layers, so as to change the gain of a certain radiating element 2 with respect to radio frequency signals. In this embodiment, the layer structure of the dielectric cover layer 3 enables the flexibility to change any dielectric layer during the manufacturing of the dielectric cover layer 3, without the need for complex manufacturing processes. The equivalent dielectric constant of the dielectric cover layer 3 can be changed, so as to eliminate the gain difference of radio frequency signals in the middle region and the edge region inside the antenna array 101, thereby improving the communication quality.

[0085] Specifically, please refer to Figures 3-4 As shown, the at least two dielectric layers are stacked and spliced, and the splicing surfaces of the at least two dielectric layers are in contact or have a gap in some regions.

[0086] In the embodiment, the distance between the at least two layers of dielectric layers is adjusted according to the environment of each radiation unit 2, so that the dielectric layers are in contact or have a gap. When the joint surfaces of different dielectric layers are in contact, there is no air between the dielectric layers, and only the different dielectric layers are equivalent to form a new dielectric constant. When there is a gap between the joint surfaces of different dielectric layers, the gap can be filled with air to form an air layer, and the air in the gap also has a dielectric constant, and the dielectric constants of the different dielectric layers and the air are equivalent to form a relatively small dielectric constant. Therefore, according to the actual environment of the different radiation units 2, by changing the distance between the at least two layers of dielectric layers in the different dielectric cover layers 3, that is, changing the thickness of the air layer, the equivalent dielectric constant of the different dielectric cover layers 3 is adjusted, the difference in gain of the radio frequency signal inside the antenna array 101 is eliminated, and the communication quality is improved. In the embodiment, please refer to the embodiment shown in Figures 3-4 In the embodiment, the joint surfaces of the dielectric layers are in contact with each other.

[0087] In a second embodiment, please refer to Figures 3-4 In the embodiment, the materials of the at least two layers of dielectric layers can be materials with different dielectric constants.

[0088] In the embodiment, at least two layers of dielectric layers are formed by using two materials with different dielectric constants respectively, so that the two layers of dielectric layers can be equivalent to form a new dielectric constant. Therefore, according to the actual environment of the different radiation units 2, by arranging at least two layers of dielectric layers made of materials with different dielectric constants in the different dielectric cover layers 3, the different dielectric cover layers 3 form the equivalent dielectric constant required by the corresponding radiation unit 2, the difference in gain of the radio frequency signal inside the antenna array 101 is eliminated, and the communication quality is improved.

[0089] Further, in the embodiment, the volume, structure or distance between the dielectric layers do not need to be changed, and only the materials with different dielectric constants are changed to make the different dielectric cover layers 3 form a new equivalent dielectric constant. In this way, the dielectric cover layers 3 and the matching mounting member can be processed and manufactured under the condition of the same structure size, and the manufacturing process is relatively simple.

[0090] In the embodiment, the material of the dielectric layer can be ceramic, polycarbonate (PC) or modified polyester resin (PY). Of course, the dielectric layer can also be other materials that can be used for energy radiation.

[0091] In another embodiment, please refer to Figures 3-4 In the embodiment, the materials of the at least two layers of dielectric layers are the same, and at least one of the at least two layers of dielectric layers is provided with a hole or a groove, so that the equivalent dielectric constants of the dielectric layers are different.

[0092] In the embodiment, the materials of the at least two medium layers are the same, and the recessed space, such as the hole or the groove, is arranged on at least one of the medium layers, so that the recessed space contains air with a different dielectric constant from that of the medium layer, thereby equivalently forming a new dielectric constant. In this way, the embodiment can set holes or grooves with different sizes on the corresponding medium layer according to the actual environment of the different radiation units 2, form the equivalent dielectric constant required by the different radiation units 2, eliminate the difference in gain of the radio frequency signal inside the antenna array 101, and improve the communication quality.

[0093] The recessed space, such as the hole or the groove, of the medium layer can be made by machining or integrated molding (casting). In addition, the hole or the groove on the medium layer can also be filled with a medium other than air, which has a different dielectric constant from that of the medium layer. The specific type of medium is not limited in the embodiment.

[0094] In the above embodiment, the medium cover layer 3 can be one of a planar structure, a curved surface structure, or a wave structure, or a combination of two or more thereof.

[0095] In the embodiment, the overall shape of the medium cover layer 3 is adjusted. For example, the medium cover layer 3 with a curved surface structure has a different refractive index for the radio frequency signal than the medium cover layer 3 with a planar structure, and the medium cover layer 3 with a curved surface structure has a different wave width of the radio frequency signal than the medium cover layer 3 with a planar structure, and the medium cover layer 3 with a curved surface structure has a different gain for the radio frequency signal than the medium cover layer 3 with a planar structure. In this way, the embodiment can change the overall shape of the corresponding medium cover layer 3 according to the actual environment of the different radiation units 2, eliminate the difference in gain of the radio frequency signal inside the antenna array 101, and improve the communication quality. Please refer to the embodiment shown in Figures 3-4 In the embodiment, the medium cover layer 3 is preferably a planar structure.

[0096] In the above embodiment, please refer to Figures 3-4 The angle between the medium cover layer 3 and the top surface of the radiation unit 2 is 0-90°.

[0097] In the embodiment, the wave width of the radio frequency signal of the different radiation units 2 is different, so that the propagation direction of the maximum energy of the radio frequency signal is different. By adjusting the angle between the different radiation units 2 and the corresponding medium cover layer 3, the propagation direction of the maximum energy of the radio frequency signal of the different radiation units 2 is made the same, thereby improving the communication quality.

[0098] In the embodiment, please refer to the embodiment shown in Figures 3-4 The medium cover layer 3 is parallel to the top surface of the radiation unit 2, that is, the angle is 0°.

[0099] In the above embodiment, please refer to Figures 3-4As shown, the plurality of radiation units 2 form four columnal vibrator column units, the dielectric cover layer 3 includes a first dielectric cover layer 31 and a second dielectric cover layer 32, the first dielectric cover layer 31 is arranged above the two columnal vibrator column units located in the middle region of the reflecting plate 1, the second dielectric cover layer 32 is arranged above the two columnal vibrator column units located in the edge region of the reflecting plate 1, the two columnal vibrator column units located in the edge region of the reflecting plate 1 are respectively located on both sides of the two columnal vibrator column units located in the middle region of the reflecting plate 1, and the equivalent dielectric constant of the first dielectric cover layer 31 is different from that of the second dielectric cover layer 32.

[0100] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 3-4 As shown, the radiation units 2 in the antenna array 101 are divided into four columnal vibrator column units. The dielectric cover layer 3 includes a first dielectric cover layer 31 and a second dielectric cover layer 32. According to the radiation environment of the radiation units 2, the reflecting plate 1 is divided into a middle region and an edge region. The first dielectric cover layer 31 covers two columnal vibrator column units in the middle region, and the second dielectric cover layer 32 covers two columnal vibrator column units in the edge region. Since the equivalent dielectric constant of the first dielectric cover layer 31 is different from that of the second dielectric cover layer 32, the difference in gain of different vibrator column units with respect to radio frequency signals in the middle region and the edge region can be eliminated, thereby improving the communication quality.

[0101] It should be noted that the first dielectric cover layer 31 can be arranged above the two columnal vibrator column units in the middle region as a whole, the first dielectric cover layer 31 can also be provided with two, each first dielectric cover layer 31 can be arranged above one of the two columnal vibrator column units in the middle region, and the first dielectric cover layer 31 can also be provided with multiple, each first dielectric cover layer 31 can be arranged above only one radiation unit 2 in the two columnal vibrator column units in the middle region. Similarly, the second dielectric cover layer 32 can be arranged above the two columnal vibrator column units in the edge region as a whole, the second dielectric cover layer 32 can also be provided with two, each second dielectric cover layer 32 can be arranged above one of the two columnal vibrator column units in the edge region, and the second dielectric cover layer 32 can also be provided with multiple, each second dielectric cover layer 32 can be arranged above only one radiation unit 2 in the two columnal vibrator column units in the edge region. The specific size of the first dielectric cover layer 31 and the second dielectric cover layer 32 can be set according to the radiation environment of the radiation unit 2 or the vibrator column unit.

[0102] According to actual needs, the vibrator column unit can have multiple columns, and correspondingly, the dielectric cover layer 3 also has multiple columns, the equivalent dielectric constant of the dielectric cover layer 3 of part of the columns is different, the difference in gain of different vibrator column units with respect to radio frequency signals is eliminated, thereby improving the communication quality.

[0103] In addition, depending on the actual environment of different regions of the antenna array 101, the equivalent dielectric constant of the dielectric covering layer 3 from the middle region to the edge region can vary from large to small and from small to large.

[0104] Specifically, please refer to Figures 3-4 As shown, the four rows of oscillator units are arranged sequentially from one side of the reflector plate 1 to the other as a first oscillator unit 21, a second oscillator unit 22, a third oscillator unit 23, and a fourth oscillator unit 24. The first oscillator unit 21 and the fourth oscillator unit 24 located in the edge region of the reflector plate 1 are symmetrically distributed about the central axis a of the reflector plate 1 in the arrangement direction of the four rows of oscillator units. The second oscillator unit 22 and the third oscillator unit 23 located in the middle region of the reflector plate 1 are symmetrically distributed about the central axis a of the reflector plate 1 in the arrangement direction of the four rows of oscillator units. The first dielectric covering layer 31 is disposed above the second oscillator unit 22 and the third oscillator unit 23, and the second dielectric covering layer 32 is disposed above the first oscillator unit 21 and the fourth oscillator unit 24.

[0105] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 4-5 As shown, since the radiation environment is the same on both sides of the central axis a, by symmetrically setting the first dielectric cover layer 31 and the second dielectric cover layer 32, the gain of the radio frequency signal on both sides of the central axis a is symmetrical with respect to the radio frequency signal, thereby improving the communication quality, while reducing the difference in gain of different oscillator array units with respect to the radio frequency signal.

[0106] More specifically, please refer to Figures 4-5 As shown, the first dielectric cover layer 31 includes a first dielectric layer 311, a second dielectric layer 312 and a third dielectric layer 313 stacked sequentially from bottom to top, with the thickness of the first dielectric layer 311, the second dielectric layer 312 and the third dielectric layer 313 increasing sequentially.

[0107] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 4-5 As shown, by setting dielectric layers of different thicknesses in the first dielectric cover layer 31, a new dielectric constant of the first dielectric cover layer 31 is equivalently formed. This method is relatively simple and has strong flexibility in manufacturing. Only by replacing dielectric layers of different thicknesses can a first dielectric cover layer 31 with different dielectric constants be realized.

[0108] Of course, depending on the actual environment of the radiation unit 2 in the intermediate region, the thicknesses of the first dielectric layer 311, the second dielectric layer 312, and the third dielectric layer 313 can be reduced sequentially.

[0109] Please refer to Figure 4 As shown, there are two third dielectric layers 313, and the two third dielectric layers 313 maintain a first distance w3 in the direction parallel to the splicing surface between the third dielectric layer 313 and the second dielectric layer 312.

[0110] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 5 As shown, based on the first dielectric cover layer 31 formed by splicing dielectric layers of different thicknesses, the third dielectric layer 313 is divided into two, and there is a first gap 314 (first distance w3) between these two third dielectric layers 313, with air inside the first gap 314. Since the equivalent dielectric constant of air is different from that of the first dielectric cover layer 31, the air in the first gap 314 and the first dielectric cover layer 31 equivalently form a new dielectric constant. Therefore, in this embodiment, it is not necessary to increase or decrease the thickness of the third dielectric layer 313 in the first dielectric cover layer 31; only the distance of the first gap 314 between the two third dielectric layers 313 needs to be adjusted to adjust the equivalent dielectric constant of the first dielectric cover layer 31. This also allows the mounting components adapted to the first dielectric cover layer 31 to be manufactured under the same structural size conditions, making the manufacturing process of the antenna array 101 simpler.

[0111] Among them, such as Figure 4 As shown, the length L of the first dielectric cover layer 31 is 125mm, the width W is 70mm, and the thickness H is 30mm; the thickness h1 of the first dielectric layer 311 is 8mm, the thickness h2 of the second dielectric layer 312 is 10mm, and the thickness h3 of the third dielectric layer 313 is 12mm; the widths w1 and w2 of the two third dielectric layers 313 are both 32mm, and the width w3 of the first gap 314 between the two third dielectric layers 313 is 6mm. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna array 101 provided in the second specific embodiment of this application. Figure 4 for Figure 6 The half-power beamwidth curves of the horizontal radiation patterns of the second and third dipole array elements 22 and 23 are shown in the figure. Figure 4 In the diagram, the horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents half-power beamwidth in degrees. The solid line represents the half-power beamwidth curve without dielectric cladding layer 3, and the dashed line represents the half-power beamwidth curve with dielectric cladding layer 3. Please refer to... Figure 6 and Figure 4 As shown, compared to the case without dielectric cover layer 3, the first dielectric cover layer 31 of this application expands the frequency bandwidth of the radio frequency signal in the middle region to 1.7GHz-2.7GHz, and compresses the wavelength of the radio frequency signal from the original 82deg-105deg to 54deg-64deg, and reduces the maximum difference at the same frequency point from the original 15deg to 5deg.

[0112] In addition, the number of the first gaps 314 is not limited to one, and the size of the first dielectric cover layer 31 is not limited to the size in the above embodiment. For example, the size of the first dielectric cover layer 31, such as the length, width, height, or profile shape, can be other designs, which are not limited in the present embodiment.

[0113] As shown in Figure 7 and Figure 4 , the second dielectric cover layer 32 includes the fourth dielectric layer 321, the fifth dielectric layer 322, and the sixth dielectric layer 323 stacked in sequence from bottom to top, and the thicknesses of the fourth dielectric layer 321, the fifth dielectric layer 322, and the sixth dielectric layer 323 decrease in sequence.

[0114] In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 4 , the second dielectric cover layer 32 is equivalent to the first dielectric cover layer 31 in that the dielectric constant of the second dielectric cover layer 32 is formed by arranging dielectric layers with different thicknesses in the second dielectric cover layer 32. This method is relatively simple and has strong flexibility in production. By replacing dielectric layers with different thicknesses, the second dielectric cover layer 32 with different dielectric constants can be achieved.

[0115] Of course, according to the actual environment of the edge area of the radiation unit 2, the thicknesses of the fourth dielectric layer 321, the fifth dielectric layer 322, and the sixth dielectric layer 323 can also increase in sequence.

[0116] Specifically, as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 4 , the fourth dielectric layer 321 is provided with a groove 325, and the fifth dielectric layer 322 and the sixth dielectric layer 323 are both provided with two, and the two fifth dielectric layers 322 and the two sixth dielectric layers 323 are both kept a second distance w6 in the direction of the joint surface of the fifth dielectric layer 322 and the fourth dielectric layer 321.

[0117] In the embodiment, on the basis of the second dielectric cover layer 32 formed by splicing the dielectric layers with different thicknesses, the fifth dielectric layer 322 and the sixth dielectric layer 323 are each divided into two, so that the second gap 324 (second distance w6) is formed between the two fifth dielectric layers 322 and between the two sixth dielectric layers 323, and the groove 325 is arranged on the fourth dielectric layer 321. Since the second gap 324 or the groove 325 has air therein, the second dielectric cover layer 32 is equivalent to form a new dielectric constant. Therefore, in the embodiment, the equivalent dielectric constant of the second dielectric cover layer 32 can be adjusted by adjusting the distance between the two fifth dielectric layers 322 and the two sixth dielectric layers 323 or changing the depth of the groove 325 of the fourth dielectric layer 321, without increasing or decreasing the thicknesses of the fourth dielectric layer 321, the fifth dielectric layer 322 and the sixth dielectric layer 323, so that the mounting member adapted to the second dielectric cover layer 32 can be processed under the condition of the same structural size, and the processability of the antenna array 101 is improved.

[0118] In the embodiment, the length L of the second dielectric cover layer 32 is 125 mm, the width is 70 mm, and the thickness H is 30 mm; the thickness h4 of the fourth dielectric layer 321 is 12 mm, the thickness h5 of the fifth dielectric layer 322 is 10 mm, and the thickness h6 of the sixth dielectric layer 323 is 8 mm; the widths w4 and w5 of the two sixth dielectric layers 323 are both 32 mm, the widths of the two fifth dielectric layers 322 are the same as the widths of the corresponding two sixth dielectric layers 323; and the width w6 of the second gap 324 between the two fifth dielectric layers 322 and the two sixth dielectric layers 323 and the width w6 of the groove 325 of the fourth dielectric layer 321 are both 6 mm. Figure 8 FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a second specific embodiment of the antenna array 101 provided in the application, Figure 4 FIG. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a third specific embodiment of the antenna array 101 provided in the application, Figure 8 FIG. 4 is a half-power lobe width curve diagram of the horizontal plane radiation pattern of the first element column unit 21 and the fourth element column unit 24 in the second specific embodiment of the antenna array 101 provided in the application, in which the horizontal axis represents frequency, with the unit of GHz, and the vertical axis represents the half-power lobe width, with the unit of deg. The solid line represents the half-power lobe width curve in the case without the dielectric cover layer 3, and the dashed line represents the half-power lobe width curve in the case with the dielectric cover layer 3. Please refer to FIG. 1 for the specific description of the dielectric cover layer 3. Figure 4 FIG. 5 is a half-power lobe width curve diagram of the horizontal plane radiation pattern of the first element column unit 21 and the fourth element column unit 24 in the third specific embodiment of the antenna array 101 provided in the application, in which the horizontal axis represents frequency, with the unit of GHz, and the vertical axis represents the half-power lobe width, with the unit of deg. The solid line represents the half-power lobe width curve in the case without the dielectric cover layer 3, and the dashed line represents the half-power lobe width curve in the case with the dielectric cover layer 3. Please refer to FIG. 1 for the specific description of the dielectric cover layer 3. Figure 8 FIG. 6 is a half-power lobe width curve diagram of the horizontal plane radiation pattern of the first element column unit 21 and the fourth element column unit 24 in the fourth specific embodiment of the antenna array 101 provided in the application, in which the horizontal axis represents frequency, with the unit of GHz, and the vertical axis represents the half-power lobe width, with the unit of deg. The solid line represents the half-power lobe width curve in the case without the dielectric cover layer 3, and the dashed line represents the half-power lobe width curve in the case with the dielectric cover layer 3. Please refer to FIG. 1 for the specific description of the dielectric cover layer 3. Figure 6 FIG. 7 is a half-power lobe width curve diagram of the horizontal plane radiation pattern of the first element column unit 21 and the fourth element column unit 24 in the fifth specific embodiment of the antenna array 101 provided in the application, in which the horizontal axis represents frequency, with the unit of GHz, and the vertical axis represents the half-power lobe width, with the unit of deg. The solid line represents the half-power lobe width curve in the case without the dielectric cover layer 3, and the dashed line represents the half-power lobe width curve in the case with the dielectric cover layer 3. Please refer to FIG. 1 for the specific description of the dielectric cover layer 3.

[0119] In addition, the number of the second gaps 324 and the grooves 325 is not limited to one. Of course, the size of the second dielectric covering layer 32 is not limited to the size in the above-mentioned embodiment, for example, the length, width, height and other dimensions or the outline shape of the second dielectric covering layer 32 can be other designs, which are not limited in the present embodiment.

[0120] In summary Figure 8 and ​ As shown in the curve diagram, the antenna array 101 of the present application not only can realize the compressed wave width to improve the gain, eliminate the difference of the gain of the radio frequency signal in the middle area and the edge area, but also can expand the bandwidth, thereby improving the communication quality.

[0121] It should be noted that a portion of this patent application document contains material subject to copyright protection. Apart from the making of copies for the patent office or record of the patent document content of the patent document, the copyright owner reserves the copyright.

Claims

1. An antenna array, characterized in that, include: Reflector; Multiple radiating elements are disposed on the reflector, and the multiple radiating elements are formed in at least four rows of oscillator columns distributed in the horizontal direction; Multiple dielectric overlay layers are disposed above each of the oscillator column units, and the equivalent dielectric constants of the dielectric overlay layers located above some of the oscillator column units are different; The dielectric covering layers located on both sides of the central axis of the at least four rows of oscillator units distributed in the horizontal direction are symmetrically distributed about the central axis; The plurality of radiating elements form four rows of oscillator arrays. The dielectric covering layer includes a first dielectric covering layer and a second dielectric covering layer. The first dielectric covering layer is disposed above two rows of oscillator arrays located in the middle region of the reflector. The second dielectric covering layer is disposed above two rows of oscillator arrays located in the edge region of the reflector. The two rows of oscillator arrays located in the edge region of the reflector are respectively located on both sides of the two rows of oscillator arrays located in the middle region of the reflector. The equivalent dielectric constants of the first dielectric covering layer and the second dielectric covering layer are different. The first dielectric cover layer includes a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer, and a third dielectric layer stacked sequentially from bottom to top. The thickness of the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer, and the third dielectric layer increases sequentially, or the thickness of the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer, and the third dielectric layer decreases sequentially.

2. The antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dielectric capping layer comprises at least two dielectric layers, the at least two dielectric layers having different equivalent dielectric constants.

3. The antenna array according to claim 2, characterized in that, The at least two dielectric layers are stacked and spliced ​​together, and the splicing surfaces of the at least two dielectric layers are in contact or have gaps in some areas.

4. The antenna array according to claim 2, characterized in that, The materials of the at least two dielectric layers are materials with different dielectric constants.

5. The antenna array according to claim 2, characterized in that, The at least two dielectric layers are made of the same material, and at least one of the at least two dielectric layers is provided with holes or grooves so that the equivalent dielectric constants of each dielectric layer are different.

6. The antenna array according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The dielectric covering layer is one or a combination of two or more of the following: planar structure, curved surface structure, or waveform structure.

7. The antenna array according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The angle between the dielectric covering layer and the top surface of the radiating unit is 0 to 90°.

8. The antenna array according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The four rows of oscillator units are, from one side of the reflector to the other, a first row of oscillator units, a second row of oscillator units, a third row of oscillator units, and a fourth row of oscillator units. The first row of oscillator units and the fourth row of oscillator units are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the reflector in the direction in which the four rows of oscillator units are arranged. The second row of oscillator units and the third row of oscillator units are also symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the reflector in the direction in which the four rows of oscillator units are arranged. The first dielectric covering layer is disposed above the second and third oscillator array units, and the second dielectric covering layer is disposed above the first and fourth oscillator array units.

9. The antenna array according to claim 8, characterized in that, Two third dielectric layers are provided, and the two third dielectric layers maintain a first distance in a direction parallel to the splicing surface between the third dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer.

10. The antenna array according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The second dielectric cover layer includes a fourth dielectric layer, a fifth dielectric layer, and a sixth dielectric layer that are stacked sequentially from bottom to top, with the thickness of the fourth dielectric layer, the fifth dielectric layer, and the sixth dielectric layer decreasing sequentially.

11. The antenna array according to claim 10, characterized in that, The fourth dielectric layer is provided with a groove, and there are two of each of the fifth and sixth dielectric layers. The two fifth dielectric layers and the two sixth dielectric layers maintain a second distance in the direction of the splicing surface between the fifth dielectric layer and the fourth dielectric layer.

12. An antenna device, characterized in that, It includes at least one antenna array as described in any one of claims 1-11.

13. A base station system, characterized in that, Includes the antenna device as described in claim 12.

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