A humic acid-based soil conditioner, its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and discloses a humic acid-type soil conditioner, a preparation method and an application thereof. The conditioner sequentially includes a core particle layer, a slow-release layer and a quick-release layer from the inside to the outside; the core particles include the following components: thiophanate-methyl, silicon dioxide, humic acid, binder and water; the slow-release layer includes the following components: slow-release acidifying substance, fungicide, humic acid, urea, phosphorus pentoxide, binder and desulfurized gypsum; the quick-release layer includes the following components: quick-release acidifying substance, humic acid, bamboo biochar, calcium cyanamide, straw powder, potassium sulfate, binder and magnesium sulfate. By arranging multiple layers of medicaments, the present invention firstly improves the soil environment, and then ensures the long-term stability of the crop growth environment through the slow release of the medicaments, so as to ensure the healthy growth of crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and more specifically, relates to a humic acid type soil conditioner, a preparation method and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Humic acid is a large class of black or brown polycyclic natural organic colloid compounds, containing elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and active groups such as aromatic nuclei, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, carbonyl groups, quinone groups, and methoxy groups. These active groups determine that humic acid has weak acidity, hydrophilicity, ion exchangeability, complexing property, oxidation-reduction property and physiological activity, etc., and has the dual functions of improving soil and stimulating the growth of crops.

[0003] Banana yellow leaf disease, also known as banana wilt disease and banana Panama disease, is prone to occur frequently in acidic and low-organic matter soil environments, and has the characteristics of rapid onset, fast spread, long duration, serious harm, and wide harm range. The pathogen of banana yellow leaf disease is Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, which is an infectious disease caused by fungal infection. The pathogen invades through young roots and injured underground corms, spreads along the vascular bundle to the pseudostem and leaves, and can also spread from the rhizome sucker ducts of the mother plant to the suckers. After the diseased plants die, the pathogen survives by mixing with the diseased residues in the soil, and mainly spreads from the diseased area to the disease-free area by the diseased suckers or diseased soil. In the field, it mainly spreads through contaminated running water, soil and farm tools. Therefore, passive biological control methods such as crop rotation with disease-resistant varieties, eradicating diseased plants and disinfecting the soil, and selecting disease-tolerant varieties cannot fundamentally kill the pathogen of banana yellow leaf disease, treat banana yellow leaf disease, and have a high recurrence rate and poor effect. Although many scholars have screened chemical agents for banana yellow leaf disease, some agents have good inhibitory effects on the yellow leaf disease pathogen. However, chemical agents not only have high control costs, long residual periods, are easy to have adverse effects on other non-target organisms in the environment, cause pollution and damage to the ecological environment, but also have unsatisfactory field control effects.

[0004] In addition, even with the large use of chemical fertilizers at present, the soil heavy metal ion pollution has not been improved, and it also causes the soil organic matter content to become less and less. Therefore, it is necessary to use soil conditioners to improve various poor states of the soil.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a humic acid type soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof to reasonably prevent the occurrence of banana diseases, improve the soil environment, reduce the degree of heavy metal pollution, and promote the growth of bananas and the harvest of fruits. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and propose a humic acid type soil conditioner, a preparation method and an application thereof. The present invention improves the soil environment by setting multiple layers of agents, and then ensures the long-term stability of the crop growth environment through the slow release of the agents, so as to ensure the healthy growth of the crops.

[0007] To achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a humic acid-based soil conditioner, which sequentially includes a core particle layer, a slow-release layer, and a quick-release layer from the inside to the outside;

[0008] The core particles include the following components: thiophanate-methyl, silica, humic acid, binder, and water;

[0009] The slow-release layer includes the following components: slow-release acidifying substance, fungicide, humic acid, urea, phosphorus pentoxide, binder, and desulfurized gypsum;

[0010] The quick-release layer includes the following components: quick-release acidifying substance, humic acid, bamboo biochar, calcium cyanamide, straw powder, potassium sulfate, binder, and magnesium sulfate.

[0011] According to the present invention, preferably,

[0012] The core particles include the following components in parts by weight: 3-20 parts of thiophanate-methyl, 5-10 parts of silica, 2-5 parts of humic acid, 2-5 parts of binder, and 20-25 parts of water;

[0013] The slow-release layer includes the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of slow-release acidifying substance, 0.01-0.1 part of fungicide, 6-10 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of urea, 4-10 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 2-5 parts of binder, and 0.2-0.5 part of desulfurized gypsum;

[0014] The quick-release layer includes the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of quick-release acidifying substance, 12-20 parts of humic acid, 5-15 parts of bamboo biochar, 20-30 parts of calcium cyanamide, 40-50 parts of straw powder, 5-15 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-5 parts of binder, and 5-15 parts of magnesium sulfate.

[0015] According to the present invention, preferably,

[0016] The core particle layer includes the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of thiophanate-methyl, 8-10 parts of silica, 4-5 parts of humic acid, 3-4 parts of binder, and 20-22 parts of water;

[0017] The slow-release layer includes the following components in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of slow-release acidifying substance, 0.01-0.05 part of fungicide, 6-8 parts of humic acid, 10-12 parts of urea, 4-5 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 4-5 parts of binder, and 0.2-0.25 part of desulfurized gypsum;

[0018] The immediate-release layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 9-10 parts of an immediate-release acidifying substance, 17-20 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of bamboo biochar, 20-22 parts of calcium cyanamide, 40-45 parts of straw powder, 5-6 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-3 parts of binder, and 13-15 parts of magnesium sulfate.

[0019] According to the present invention, preferably, the binder is at least one of starch, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sesbania gum, and bentonite.

[0020] According to the present invention, preferably, the quick-acting acidifying substance is at least one of slaked lime, soda lime, and alkali residue.

[0021] According to the present invention, preferably, the slow-release acidifying substance is at least one of dolomite powder, limestone powder, and calcium bicarbonate.

[0022] According to the present invention, preferably, the fungicide is enostroburin and / or enoxanil.

[0023] The second aspect of the present invention provides a preparation method of the humic acid type soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:

[0024] S1: Mix thiabendazole, silicon dioxide, humic acid, binder, and water evenly, granulate, dry, and size to obtain the core particles;

[0025] S2: Mix the slow-release acidifying substance, fungicide, humic acid, urea, phosphorus pentoxide, binder, and desulfurized gypsum evenly to obtain a slow-release layer mixture; coat the slow-release layer mixture on the surface of the core particles, dry, and size to obtain the core particles coated with the slow-release layer;

[0026] S3: Mix the immediate-release acidifying substance, humic acid, bamboo biochar, calcium cyanamide, straw powder, potassium sulfate, binder, and magnesium sulfate evenly to obtain an immediate-release layer mixture; cover the immediate-release layer mixture on the surface of the slow-release layer, dry, and size to obtain the humic acid type soil conditioner.

[0027] According to the present invention, preferably,

[0028] Steps S2 and S3 are carried out in a fluidized bed;

[0029] In step S2, control the fluidization rotation speed to be 800-1000 rpm, the fluidization temperature to be 50-60 °C, and the drying temperature to be 50-60 °C;

[0030] In step S3, control the fluidization rotation speed to be 600-1200 rpm, the fluidization temperature to be 40-60 °C, and the drying temperature to be 40-60 °C.

[0031] The third aspect of the present invention provides the application of the humic acid type soil conditioner in preventing and controlling banana yellow leaf disease.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the technical solution of the present invention are as follows:

[0033] 1) In the present invention, the quick-release layer components are used to improve the soil and ensure the healthy growth of plants in the early stage. Among them: after the humic acid in the quick-release layer is applied to the soil, various reactions such as ion exchange, redox, adsorption, and complexation occur with heavy metal ions in the soil, so that the heavy metal ions are complexed, chelated, or adsorbed and fixed; at the same time, the quick-release acid-adjusting substance can increase the pH of acidic soil in a relatively short time and accelerate the fixation of heavy metals; combined with bamboo biochar for organic adsorption, the purpose of improving soil conditions is achieved; and through the synergistic effect of straw powder and calcium cyanamide, initial disease resistance and sterilization protection as well as the supplement of soil nutrients are carried out.

[0034] 2) The slow-release layer of the present invention is located within the quick-release layer. The components therein can ensure the long-term stability of the crop growth environment due to the later release and slow acid-adjusting speed. It contains desulfurized gypsum, and the Ca in the desulfurized gypsum 2+ can displace excessive Na on the soil colloid + to achieve the effect of coordinating the soil pH.

[0035] 3) In the core particle layer of the present invention, thiophanate-methyl is selected, and silica with a microporous structure is used as a mobile carrier to expand the action range of thiophanate-methyl on the plant body. At the same time, silica is also used as a nutrient element.

[0036] 4) The humic acid type soil conditioner of the present invention meets the HGT5782-2020 standard.

[0037] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following specific implementation manner section. Specific implementation manner

[0038] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. Although the following describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present invention more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0039] In the following various embodiments,

[0040] the calcium cyanamide is preferably purchased from Ningxia Darong Chemical Industry and Metallurgy Co., Ltd., and the mass content of the active ingredient (calcium cyanamide) is ≥50%.

[0041] The humic acid type used is potassium humate for water-soluble fertilizer, purchased from Shandong Innovation Humic Acid Technology Co., Ltd. The mass content of water-soluble humic acid (dry basis) ≥ 65%, and the pH value is 9 - 11.

[0042] All other components can be obtained through commercial purchase.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] This example provides a humic acid type soil conditioner, which sequentially includes a core particle layer, a slow-release layer, and a quick-release layer from the inside to the outside;

[0045] The core particles include the following components by weight: 16 parts of thiophanate-methyl, 9 parts of silica, 4 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of hypromellose, and 21 parts of water;

[0046] The slow-release layer includes the following components by weight: 6 parts of dolomite powder, 0.08 part of enestroburin, 7 parts of humic acid, 11 parts of urea, 4.5 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 4 parts of hypromellose, and 0.2 part of desulfurized gypsum;

[0047] The quick-release layer includes the following components by weight: 9.8 parts of slaked lime, 18 parts of humic acid, 12 parts of bamboo biochar, 21 parts of calcium cyanamide, 42 parts of straw powder, 5 parts of potassium sulfate, 2 parts of hypromellose, and 14 parts of magnesium sulfate.

[0048] The preparation method of the above-mentioned humic acid type soil conditioner includes the following steps:

[0049] S1: Mix the thiophanate-methyl, silica, humic acid, hypromellose, and water evenly, granulate, dry, and size to obtain the core particles;

[0050] S2: Mix the slow-release acid-adjusting substance, fungicide, humic acid, urea, phosphorus pentoxide, binder, and desulfurized gypsum evenly to obtain a slow-release layer mixture; coat the slow-release layer mixture on the surface of the core particles, dry, and size to obtain the core particles coated with the slow-release layer;

[0051] S3: Mix the quick-release acid-adjusting substance, humic acid, bamboo biochar, calcium cyanamide, straw powder, potassium sulfate, binder, and magnesium sulfate evenly to obtain a quick-release layer mixture; cover the quick-release layer mixture on the surface of the slow-release layer, dry, and size to obtain the humic acid type soil conditioner.

[0052] Steps S2 and S3 are carried out in a fluidized bed; in step S2, control the fluidization speed at 900 rpm, the fluidization temperature at 55 °C, and the drying temperature at 55 °C; in step S3, control the fluidization speed at 800 rpm, the fluidization temperature at 50 °C, and the drying temperature at 50 °C.

[0053] Example 2-4

[0054] Examples 2-4 respectively provide a humic acid type soil conditioner. The differences between Examples 2-4 and Example 1 are only as follows: the component dosages are different, as specifically shown in Table 1.

[0055] Table 1

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] Example 5

[0059] Example 5 provides a humic acid type soil conditioner. The differences between Example 5 and Example 1 are only as follows:

[0060] In step S2, the fluidization rotation speed is controlled at 600 rpm;

[0061] In step S3, the fluidization rotation speed is controlled at 400 rpm.

[0062] Comparative Example 1

[0063] This comparative example provides a humic acid type soil conditioner. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is only that: the quick-release layer does not contain humic acid.

[0064] Comparative Example 2

[0065] This comparative example provides a humic acid type soil conditioner. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is only that: the slow-release layer does not contain fungicides and desulfurized gypsum.

[0066] Comparative Example 3

[0067] This comparative example provides a humic acid type soil conditioner. The soil conditioner of this comparative example comprises the following components in parts by weight: thiophanate-methyl 16 parts, silicon dioxide 9 parts, humic acid 29 parts, dolomite powder 6 parts, enestroburin 0.08 part, urea 11 parts, phosphorus pentoxide 4.5 parts, slaked lime 9.8 parts, bamboo biochar 12 parts, calcium cyanamide 21 parts, straw powder 42 parts, potassium sulfate 5 parts, binder 2 parts, and magnesium sulfate 14 parts.

[0068] The preparation method of the above soil conditioner comprises: mixing and stirring the above components evenly, and granulating, drying, and sizing to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0069] Test Example 1

[0070] This test example uses the humic acid type soil conditioners of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3 to fertilize farmland soil, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0071] The farmland soil used was selected from a banana plantation in Hainan Province where banana yellow leaf disease had occurred. An area with the same soil conditions was evenly divided into 9 groups, and each group contained 90 banana seedlings. The first 8 groups were respectively applied with the aqueous solutions prepared from the humic acid-based soil conditioners of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3 (conditioner: water = 1:75). The last group was the control group, that is, the soil without any soil conditioner applied.

[0072] According to the standard methods of GB / T5009.15, GB / T5009.12, GB / T5009.17, and GB / T5006.11, the cadmium, lead, total mercury, and total arsenic contents in the fruits were measured respectively.

[0073] The soil pH was measured according to the standard of NY / T1377~2007.

[0074] As can be seen from Table 2:

[0075] The humic acid-based soil conditioner provided by the present invention can significantly increase the banana yield, and only one fertilization is carried out during the banana growth process, reducing the labor cost and increasing the benefit.

[0076] The more humic acid is added to the quick-release layer, the better the prevention and control effect of the conditioner on soil heavy metal pollution in the early stage, and the lower the heavy metal content in the fruits. At the same time, due to the ability of bamboo biochar to adsorb heavy metal ions, its content also has an impact on the heavy metal content in the fruits.

[0077] Comparative Example 2 compared with Example 1, due to the lack of addition of fungicides and desulfurized gypsum in the slow-release layer, the plant growth environment cannot be stable for a long time, and the infection rate of yellow leaf disease increases.

[0078] Comparative Example 3 compared with Example 1, the reason for its poor effect is that Comparative Example 3 mixes all components to prepare the conditioner. Compared with the layered release of Example 1, there is almost no component effect in the later stage of Comparative Example 3. Therefore, the disease recurs, resulting in a poor effect.

[0079] Example 5 compared with Example 1, due to the low controlled fluidization speed, causing the separation of coarse and fine particles and poor fluidization effect, the quick-release layer and the slow-release layer cannot achieve good wrapping. Similar to Comparative Example 3, there is almost no component effect in the later stage. Therefore, the disease recurs, resulting in a poor effect.

[0080] Table 2

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. The above description is exemplary and not exhaustive, and is also not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A humic acid-based soil conditioner, characterized in that, The conditioner sequentially includes a core particle layer, a slow-release layer, and a quick-release layer from the inside to the outside; The core particles include the following components in parts by weight: 3 - 20 parts of thiophanate-methyl, 5 - 10 parts of silica, 2 - 5 parts of humic acid, 2 - 5 parts of binder, and 20 - 25 parts of water; The slow-release layer includes the following components in parts by weight: 5 - 10 parts of slow-release acidifying substance, 0.01 - 0.1 part of fungicide, 6 - 10 parts of humic acid, 10 - 15 parts of urea, 4 - 10 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 2 - 5 parts of binder, and 0.2 - 0.5 part of desulfurized gypsum; The quick-release layer includes the following components in parts by weight: 5 - 10 parts of quick-release acidifying substance, 12 - 20 parts of humic acid, 5 - 15 parts of bamboo biochar, 20 - 30 parts of calcium cyanamide, 40 - 50 parts of straw powder, 5 - 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 2 - 5 parts of binder, and 5 - 15 parts of magnesium sulfate.

2. The humic acid type soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein, The core particle layer includes the following components in parts by weight: 15 - 20 parts of thiophanate-methyl, 8 - 10 parts of silica, 4 - 5 parts of humic acid, 3 - 4 parts of binder, and 20 - 22 parts of water; The slow-release layer includes the following components in parts by weight: 5 - 7 parts of slow-release acidifying substance, 0.01 - 0.05 part of fungicide, 6 - 8 parts of humic acid, 10 - 12 parts of urea, 4 - 5 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 4 - 5 parts of binder, and 0.2 - 0.25 part of desulfurized gypsum; The quick-release layer includes the following components in parts by weight: 9 - 10 parts of quick-release acidifying substance, 17 - 20 parts of humic acid, 10 - 15 parts of bamboo biochar, 20 - 22 parts of calcium cyanamide, 40 - 45 parts of straw powder, 5 - 6 parts of potassium sulfate, 2 - 3 parts of binder, and 13 - 15 parts of magnesium sulfate.

3. The humic acid-based soil conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The binder is at least one of starch, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sesbania gum, and bentonite.

4. The humic acid-based soil conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The quick-release acidifying substance is at least one of slaked lime, soda lime, and alkali residue.

5. The humic acid-based soil conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The slow-release acidifying substance is at least one of dolomite powder, limestone powder, and calcium bicarbonate.

6. The humic acid-based soil conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The fungicide is enostroburin and / or enoxanil.

7. The preparation method of the humic acid-based soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1: Mix and stir evenly the thiophanate-methyl, silica, humic acid, binder, and water, and obtain the core particles through granulation, drying, and sizing; S2: Mix evenly the slow-release acidifying substance, fungicide, humic acid, urea, phosphorus pentoxide, binder, and desulfurized gypsum to obtain a slow-release layer mixture; coat the slow-release layer mixture on the surface of the core particles, and obtain the core particles coated with the slow-release layer through drying and sizing; S3: Mix evenly the quick-release acidifying substance, humic acid, bamboo biochar, calcium cyanamide, straw powder, potassium sulfate, binder, and magnesium sulfate to obtain a quick-release layer mixture; cover the quick-release layer mixture on the surface of the slow-release layer, and obtain the humic acid type soil conditioner through drying and sizing.

8. The preparation method of the humic acid type soil conditioner according to claim 7, wherein, Steps S2 and S3 are carried out in a fluidized bed; In step S2, control the fluidization rotation speed to be 800 - 1000 rpm, the fluidization temperature to be 50 - 60 °C, and the drying temperature to be 50 - 60 °C; In step S3, control the fluidization rotation speed to be 600 - 1200 rpm, the fluidization temperature to be 40 - 60 °C, and the drying temperature to be 40 - 60 °C.

9. Use of the humic acid type soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 - 6 in preventing and treating banana yellow leaf disease.

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