A micro tunnel boring machine

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of micro tunnel boring machine, it includes shell, integral cutterhead, peripheral driving device and telescopic center belt machine.Integral cutterhead includes cutterhead base body, cutter assembly, bucket, swivel joint assembly and wear assembly;The first surface of cutterhead base body faces the wall to be excavated, cutter assembly, bucket and wear assembly are all set in the first surface of cutterhead base body.Peripheral driving device is set in the inside of shell, peripheral driving device is close to the second surface of cutterhead base body, the first surface and the second surface of cutterhead base body are a set of opposite faces, peripheral driving device is connected with cutterhead base body to drive cutterhead base body rotation.Telescopic center belt machine is slidably arranged in the inside of shell along the central axis of shell, bucket can transport residue to telescopic center belt machine.The present application meets tool arrangement, and enough space arrangement residue system and provide the demand of operating personnel to enter and carry out tool replacement or retightening connection fastener.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel boring machine technology, and more particularly to a miniature tunnel boring machine. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, due to its advantages of safety, speed, and high mechanization, full-face tunneling machine (MTBG) construction is being considered for application in underground engineering projects such as coal mine roadways and water conveyance projects. Due to the special nature of these projects, the tunnel diameter is small, generally less than 3 meters, necessitating the use of small or micro-sized MTBGs. The small diameter of the MTBG restricts the arrangement of the cutterhead. When encountering extremely hard rock (hardness ≥100MPa), the equipment vibrates significantly, easily loosening bolted cutters and causing them to wear down. Operators frequently need to enter the cutterhead area to check and replace cutters or tighten fasteners. However, the confined internal space of the MTBG makes personnel entry and exit difficult, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and reduces tunneling efficiency.

[0003] The development of small-diameter tunneling machines adapted to extremely hard rock is becoming increasingly important, especially the cutterhead of small-diameter tunneling machines. It is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art to meet the requirements of cutter arrangement, muck removal system, and personnel access for cutter replacement or re-tightening of fasteners. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a miniature tunnel boring machine, which solves the technical problem of the small internal space of the full-face tunnel boring machine, which makes it inconvenient for operators to enter and exit and carry out operations.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the miniature tunnel boring machine of the present invention includes:

[0008] Housing, integral cutter head, peripheral drive unit, and telescopic central belt conveyor;

[0009] The integral cutterhead includes a cutterhead base, a roller cutter assembly, a bucket, a rotary joint assembly, and a wear-resistant assembly; the first surface of the cutterhead base faces the wall to be excavated, the roller cutter assembly, the bucket, and the wear-resistant assembly are all disposed on the first surface of the cutterhead base, and the cutterhead base is connected to the housing through the rotary joint assembly;

[0010] The peripheral drive device is disposed inside the housing and is close to the second surface of the cutter head base. The first and second surfaces of the cutter head base are a pair of opposing surfaces. The peripheral drive device is connected to the cutter head base to drive the cutter head base to rotate.

[0011] The telescopic central belt conveyor is slidably disposed inside the housing along the central axis of the housing, and the bucket is capable of conveying slag to the telescopic central belt conveyor.

[0012] Optionally, the hobbing assembly includes multiple center hobs, multiple front hobs, and multiple edge hobs;

[0013] The central hob is detachably mounted in the central region of the cutter head base via a first connecting mechanism. The front hob is detachably mounted in the region between the central region and the edge region of the cutter head base via a second connecting mechanism. The edge hob is detachably mounted in the edge region of the cutter head base via a third connecting mechanism.

[0014] Optionally, the first connecting mechanism includes a central tool holder, a bidirectional connecting accessory, and an axial sleeve;

[0015] A stepped hole penetrating the cutter head base is provided in the central region of the cutter head base. The opening of the small hole of the stepped hole is located on the first surface of the cutter head base. The central tool holder is fixedly disposed in the large hole of the stepped hole, and the first surface of the central tool holder faces the first surface of the cutter head base.

[0016] A first mounting groove is provided on the first surface of the central tool holder, the central hobbing cutter portion is located in the small hole of the stepped hole, and the central hobbing cutter portion is disposed in the first mounting groove;

[0017] The bidirectional connecting accessory is detachably disposed in the first mounting slot, and the bidirectional connecting accessory abuts against the central hobbing cutter;

[0018] The axial sleeve is fitted onto the central tool holder along the axial direction.

[0019] Optionally, the second connecting mechanism includes a first connecting accessory, a second connecting accessory, and a third connecting accessory;

[0020] A contoured tool holder cavity is provided in the area between the central region and the edge region on the first surface of the tool disc substrate, and a first through hole penetrating the tool disc substrate is provided at the bottom of the contoured tool holder cavity.

[0021] The first connecting accessories are arranged in pairs inside the contour cutter holder cavity. The first connecting accessories are provided with fixing grooves. The two ends of the rotating shaft of the front hob are fitted one-to-one with the fixing grooves on the paired first connecting accessories.

[0022] The second connecting accessory is arranged in pairs inside the contour cutter holder cavity, and the third connecting accessory abuts against the second surface of the cutter head base. The paired third connecting accessories are connected to the second connecting accessories through a screw sleeved in the first through hole. The paired second connecting accessories abut against the two ends of the rotating shaft of the front hob, respectively.

[0023] Optionally, the third connecting mechanism includes an edge tool holder, a fourth connecting accessory, and a fifth connecting accessory;

[0024] The edge region of the cutter head base is provided with a mounting hole that penetrates the cutter head base, and the edge cutter holder is disposed in the mounting hole;

[0025] A second mounting groove is provided on the first surface of the edge tool holder, and a through hole penetrating the edge tool holder is provided at the bottom of the second mounting groove;

[0026] The rotating shaft of the edge hob is disposed in the second mounting groove. The fourth connecting accessories are disposed in pairs in the second mounting groove. The fifth connecting accessory abuts against the second surface of the cutter head base. The paired fourth connecting accessories are connected to the fifth connecting accessory by screws. The paired fourth connecting accessories abut against the two ends of the rotating shaft of the edge hob.

[0027] Optionally, the cutter head base includes a face plate, an annulus, a connecting sleeve, a flange, and multiple force transmission support plates;

[0028] The connecting sleeve is a tapered tube, and the diameter of the first end of the connecting sleeve is larger than the diameter of the second end;

[0029] The panel is disposed at the first end of the ring, the first end of the connecting sleeve is connected to the second end of the ring, and the second end of the connecting sleeve is connected to the flange;

[0030] Multiple force transmission support plates are evenly arranged along the radial direction of the ring, and the panel, the ring, the connecting sleeve, and the flange are all connected to the force transmission support plates.

[0031] Optionally, the bucket includes multiple blade assemblies and multiple slag discharge assemblies;

[0032] The edge of the panel is evenly provided with multiple notches along the circumferential direction, and the multiple blade assemblies are respectively installed in one-to-one correspondence with the multiple notches;

[0033] The slag chute assembly is sleeved on the ring and the connecting sleeve. One end of the slag chute assembly is connected to the shovel assembly, and the second end of the slag chute assembly can be connected to the telescopic central belt conveyor. After the shovel assembly scoops up the slag, it is conveyed to the telescopic central belt conveyor through the slag chute assembly.

[0034] Optionally, at least one movable slag chute assembly is included among the plurality of slag chute assemblies;

[0035] The movable slag chute assembly includes a movable axial slag chute, a first radial slag chute, a connecting block, and connecting fasteners.

[0036] The first radial slag chute is provided with a sliding groove, and the first end of the movable axial slag chute is slidably connected to the sliding groove.

[0037] The connecting block is mounted on the cutter assembly via the connecting fastener, and the second end of the movable axial slag discharge plate is detachably connected to the connecting block.

[0038] Optionally, the plurality of chute assemblies further include a fixed chute assembly, which includes a fixed axial chute and a second radial chute. The fixed axial chute is sleeved in the annulus and the connecting sleeve, and the second radial chute is connected to the fixed axial chute.

[0039] Optionally, a pair of slide rails are provided inside the housing along the axis of the housing, and the telescopic central belt conveyor is slidably mounted on the slide rails.

[0040] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0041] The peripheral drive unit is connected to the cutterhead base to drive its rotation. Using a peripheral drive unit to rotate the cutterhead base provides greater torque, making it more suitable for tunneling in extremely hard rock geological engineering and improving tunneling efficiency. When the integral cutterhead needs to be inspected or replaced inside the tunnel, the telescopic central conveyor is first pulled back, retracting from the inner cavity of the peripheral drive unit. Workers then enter the back of the cutterhead to perform the work, effectively increasing the working space and providing operational space for personnel to enter and exit the rear of the cutterhead for inspection and replacement. This invention provides a micro tunnel boring machine that meets the requirements of cutter arrangement, provides sufficient space for the muck removal system, and allows workers to enter for cutter replacement or tightening of fasteners. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the miniature tunnel boring machine of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first side of the cutterhead base of the micro tunnel boring machine of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Sectional view at point AA;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the movable chute assembly of the cutterhead base of the miniature tunnel boring machine of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the movable chute assembly of the cutterhead base of the miniature tunnel boring machine of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the central roller cutter of the micro tunnel boring machine of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the front roller cutter of the miniature tunnel boring machine of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the edge roller cutter of the miniature tunnel boring machine of the present invention.

[0050] [Explanation of Labels in the Attached Image]

[0051] 1: Integral cutter head; 2: Front shield; 3: Peripheral drive unit; 4: Telescopic central belt conveyor;

[0052] 11: Cutter head base; 111: Panel; 112: Circular ring; 113: Connecting sleeve; 114: Flange; 115: Force transmission support plate;

[0053] 12: Hobbing cutter assembly;

[0054] 1211: Center tool holder; 1212: Center hob; 1213: Two-way connecting accessory; 1214: Axial sleeve;

[0055] 1221: Front hobbing cutter; 1222: First connecting accessory; 1223: Second connecting accessory; 1224: Third connecting accessory;

[0056] 1231: Edge cutter holder; 1232: Edge hob; 1233: Fourth connecting accessory; 1234: Fifth connecting accessory;

[0057] 13: Bucket;

[0058] 131: Shovel assembly; 1311: Shovel holder; 1312: Shovel blade;

[0059] 132: Slag chute assembly;

[0060] 1321: Fixed chute assembly; 13211: Fixed axial chute; 13212: Second radial chute.

[0061] 1322: Movable chute assembly; 13221: Movable axial chute; 13222: First radial chute; 13223: Connecting block; 13224: Connecting fastener;

[0062] 14: Rotary joint assembly;

[0063] 15: Wear-resistant assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0064] To better explain and facilitate understanding of the present invention, a detailed description of the invention is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. In this document, directional terms such as "upper," "lower," etc., are used interchangeably with respect to... Figure 1 The orientation is used as a reference.

[0065] While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the invention can be understood more clearly and thoroughly, and that the scope of the invention can be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0066] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, this invention provides a miniature tunnel boring machine (MTM) for use in small-diameter tunnel projects such as coal mine roadways and water conveyance projects. The MMT includes a shell, an integral cutterhead 1, a peripheral drive unit 3, and a telescopic central conveyor belt 4. The shell is equipped with a telescopic front shield 2 that supports the tunnel wall. The integral cutterhead 1 includes a cutterhead base 11, a cutterhead assembly 12, a bucket 13, a rotary joint assembly 14, and a wear-resistant assembly 15. The first surface of the cutterhead base 11 faces the wall to be excavated. The cutterhead assembly 12, the bucket 13, and the wear-resistant assembly 15 are all located on the first surface of the cutterhead base 11. The cutterhead base 11 is connected to the shell through the rotary joint assembly 14. The peripheral drive device 3 is located inside the housing, near the second surface of the cutterhead base 11. The first and second surfaces of the cutterhead base 11 are a pair of opposing surfaces. The peripheral drive device 3 is connected to the cutterhead base 11 to drive its rotation. Using the peripheral drive device 3 to drive the cutterhead base 11 to rotate provides greater torque, making it more suitable for tunneling in extremely hard rock geological engineering and improving tunneling efficiency. The peripheral drive device 3 facilitates the installation of the telescopic central conveyor 4 along the central axis of the housing. The telescopic central conveyor 4 is slidably installed inside the housing. The bucket 13 transports the excavated material to the telescopic central conveyor 4, which then transports the excavated material to the rear of the micro tunnel boring machine. Preferably, a pair of slide rails are arranged along the axis of the housing inside the housing. The telescopic central conveyor 4 is slidably installed on the slide rails. An additional power unit can be installed on the telescopic central conveyor 4 or on the rear structure of the micro tunnel boring machine to drive the telescopic central conveyor 4 to move on the slide rails. When the miniature tunnel boring machine (MTM) needs to inspect and replace cutters inside the tunnel, the telescopic central conveyor belt 4 is first pulled back, retracting from the inner cavity of the peripheral drive unit 3. Workers then enter the back of the cutterhead to perform the work, effectively increasing the working space and providing operational space for personnel to enter and exit the rear of the cutterhead for inspection and replacement. This invention provides a miniature tunnel boring machine that satisfies the requirements for cutter arrangement, provides sufficient space for the muck removal system, and allows workers to enter for cutter replacement or to re-tighten the fasteners 13224.

[0067] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the hobbing assembly 12 includes multiple center hobbing cutters 1212, multiple front hobbing cutters 1221, and multiple edge hobbing cutters 1232. The center hobbing cutters 1212 are detachably disposed in the central region of the cutter head base 11 via a first connecting mechanism. The front hobbing cutters 1221 are detachably disposed in the region between the central region and the edge region of the cutter head base 11 via a second connecting mechanism. The edge hobbing cutters 1232 are detachably disposed in the edge region of the cutter head base 11 via a third connecting mechanism.

[0068] like Figure 3 and Figure 6As shown, the first connecting mechanism includes a central cutter holder 1211, a bidirectional connecting accessory 1213, and an axial protective sleeve 1214. A stepped hole penetrating the cutterhead base 11 is formed in the central region of the panel 111. The opening of the small hole in the stepped hole is located on the first surface of the panel 111 of the cutterhead base 11. The central cutter holder 1211 is fixedly installed within the large hole of the stepped hole, with its first surface facing the first surface of the cutterhead base 11. The first surface of the central cutter holder 1211 abuts against the top surface of the large hole, limiting the top surface of the central cutter holder 1211 through the large hole and preventing it from passing through the stepped hole, thus improving the stability of the central cutter holder 1211 installation. A first mounting groove is formed on the first surface of the central cutter holder 1211. A portion of the central hob 1212 is located in the small hole of the stepped hole, with the cutting edge of the central hob 1212 extending out of the small hole for cutting rock. The base of the center hob 1212 is disposed in the first mounting groove. The right side of the first mounting groove is inclined. The bidirectional connecting accessory 1213 is fixed in the first mounting groove by bolts passing through the first and second sides of the center cutter holder 1211, and the bidirectional connecting accessory 1213 abuts against the base of the center hob 1212. The side of the bidirectional connecting accessory 1213 that abuts against the base of the center hob 1212 is inclined. Tightening the screws, the bidirectional connecting accessory 1213 is pressed tightly against the base of the center hob 1212. The inclined surface of the bidirectional connecting accessory 1213 and the right side of the first mounting groove form a dovetail-like structure, thereby fixing the base of the center hob 1212 onto the center cutter holder 1211. The center hob can be disassembled by removing the bidirectional connecting accessory 1213. The axial sleeve 1214 is sleeved on the center cutter holder 1211 along the axial direction of the ring 112 to protect the bidirectional connecting accessory. An embedded center cutter holder 1211 is pre-installed inside the panel 111. A circumferential guard plate is provided on the back of the panel 111 along the outer periphery of the center cutter holder 1211. This effectively protects the center cutter holder 1211 and the bidirectional connecting accessory 1213, preventing wear and damage from rock blocks, thus improving the durability of the center cutter 1212.

[0069] like Figure 3 and Figure 7As shown, the second connecting mechanism includes a first connecting accessory 1222, a second connecting accessory 1223, and a third connecting accessory 1224. A contoured tool holder cavity is formed in the area between the central region and the edge region on the first surface of the cutter head base 11 for mounting a front hob 1221. A first through hole penetrating the cutter head base 11 is formed in the bottom of the contoured tool holder cavity. The first through hole is a strip-shaped through hole, and the axial direction of the rotation axis of the front hob 1221 is parallel to the length direction of the first through hole. The first connecting accessories 1222 are arranged in pairs within the contoured tool holder cavity and are fixed by bolts penetrating the panel 111. The bottom surface and one side surface of the contoured tool holder cavity abut against the first connecting accessory 1222. The first connecting accessory 1222 has a fixing groove with a cross-section identical to that of the rotating shaft of the front hob 1221. The width of the fixing groove opening is greater than the maximum outer diameter of the rotating shaft of the front hob 1221. The two ends of the rotating shaft of the front hob 1221 are fitted one-to-one with the fixing grooves on the paired first connecting accessories 1222. The second connecting accessories 1223 are paired and housed within the contour cutter holder cavity. The third connecting accessory 1224 abuts against the second surface of the cutter head base 11. Each of the paired third connecting accessories 1224 is connected to the second connecting accessories 1223 via a screw fitted into the first through hole. The paired second connecting accessories 1223 abut one-to-one with the two ends of the rotating shaft of the front hob 1221. The contact surfaces between the second connecting accessories 1223 and the rotating shaft of the front hob 1221 are beveled, allowing the rotating shaft of the front hob 1221 to be locked by tightening the nut on the screw. The rotating shaft of the front cutter 1221 is fixed in the contour cutter holder cavity by the cooperation of the first connecting attachment 1222 and the second connecting attachment 1223. The contour cutter holder cavity is opened in the area between the central area and the edge area on the first surface of the cutter head base 11, which reduces the installation space of the front cutter 1221, ensures the arrangement of the small cutter spacing cutter or increases the diameter of the cutter, and extends the digging distance of the cutter.

[0070] like Figure 3 and Figure 8As shown, the third connecting mechanism includes an edge cutter holder 1231, a fourth connecting accessory 1233, and a fifth connecting accessory 1234. The edge region of the panel 111 of the cutter head base 11 has a mounting hole penetrating the panel 111, and the edge cutter holder 1231 is installed in the mounting hole. To ensure that the edge hobs 1232 at different angles to the central axis of the panel 111 can be smoothly disassembled and assembled from their respective rear ends, openings of different sizes are made on the back of the panel 111. A second mounting groove is formed on the first surface of the edge cutter holder 1231, and a strip-shaped through hole penetrating the edge cutter holder 1231 is formed at the bottom of the second mounting groove. The rotating shaft of the edge hob 1232 is disposed in the second mounting groove, and the bottom surface and one side surface of the second mounting groove abut against the rotating shaft of the edge hob 1232, limiting and fixing the rotating shaft. The fourth connecting accessory 1233 is disposed in pairs in the second mounting groove, and the fourth connecting accessory 1233 abuts against the other side surface of the second mounting groove. The fourth connecting accessory 1233 abuts against the rotating shaft of the edge hob 1232, with both abutting surfaces being bevels. The fifth connecting accessory 1234 abuts against the second surface of the cutter head base 11. The paired fourth connecting accessories 1233 are connected to the fifth connecting accessory 1234 via screws. Each pair of fourth connecting accessories 1233 abuts against one end of the rotating shaft of the edge hob 1232. The rotating shaft of the edge hob 1232 is locked by tightening the nuts on the screws. The edge hob 1232 can be quickly disassembled by reversing the operation. The use of a high-strength integrated edge cutter holder 1231 to fix the edge hob 1232 reduces the number of parts included in the connecting accessories, increases the strength of the cutter holder, and facilitates tool assembly and disassembly.

[0071] like Figure 1 As shown, the cutter head base 11 includes a panel 111, an annulus 112, a connecting sleeve 113, a flange 114, and multiple force transmission support plates 115. The connecting sleeve 113 is a tapered tube with openings at both ends, and the diameter of the first end of the connecting sleeve 113 is larger than the diameter of the second end. The panel 111 is disposed at the first end of the annulus 112, and the central axis of the annulus 112 is perpendicular to the panel 111. The first end of the connecting sleeve 113 is connected to the second end of the annulus 112, and the second end of the connecting sleeve 113 is connected to the flange 114. The multiple force transmission support plates 115 are evenly arranged radially along the annulus 112, and the panel 111, annulus 112, connecting sleeve 113, and flange 114 are all connected to the force transmission support plates 115. The force transmission support plate 115 connects the panel 111, the ring 112, the connecting sleeve 113 and the flange 114 to ensure the structural strength of the cutter head base 11 so as to withstand greater torque to cut extremely hard rock.

[0072] like Figure 3As shown, the bucket 13 includes multiple blade assemblies 131 and multiple chute assemblies 132. The edge of the panel 111 has multiple notches evenly spaced circumferentially. Each blade assembly 131 includes a blade holder 1311 located at the notch and blades 1312 bolted to the blade holder 1311. Multiple blade holders 1311 are installed corresponding to multiple notches. Each bucket 13 has a group of blade assemblies 131 arranged axially along the cutterhead. The cut rock and soil are scooped up by the blade assemblies 131 and transported to the notches. The chute assembly 132 is fitted onto the ring 112 and the connecting sleeve 113. One end of the chute assembly 132 is connected to the blade assembly 131, receiving the slag transported by the blade assembly 131. When the cutterhead base 11 rotates to a specific angle, the second end of the slag chute assembly 132 is located above the telescopic central belt conveyor 4. Under the action of its own gravity, the slag material slides down the slag chute assembly 132 onto the telescopic central belt conveyor 4, completing the transfer of the slag material.

[0073] like Figures 3-5As shown, at least one movable chute assembly 1322 is included among the multiple chute assemblies 132. The movable chute assembly 1322 allows for quick removal or movement of the rear space of the cutterhead base 11, providing the necessary space for tool replacement. Specifically, the movable chute assembly 1322 includes a movable axial chute 13221, a first radial chute 13222, a connecting block 13223, and a connecting fastener 13224. The first radial chute 13222 is mounted radially on the second surface of the cutterhead base 11. A groove is formed on the first radial chute 13222, and the first end of the movable axial chute 13221 is slidably connected to the groove. The connecting block 13223 is mounted on the axial sleeve 1214 of the cutterhead assembly 12 via the connecting fastener 13224, and the second end of the movable axial chute 13221 is detachably connected to the connecting block 13223. The multiple chute assemblies 132 also include a fixed chute assembly 1321, which includes a fixed axial chute 13211 and a second radial chute 13212. The second radial chute 13212 is installed radially on the second surface of the cutterhead base 11. The fixed axial chute 13211 is sleeved in the ring 112 and the connecting sleeve 113, and the second radial chute 13212 is connected to the fixed axial chute 13211 to form a complete chute structure. When the cutterhead needs to be replaced, the movable axial chute 13221 moves along the groove to the side close to the first radial chute 13222, freeing up space behind the cutterhead and providing the space required for cutter replacement. When the cutterhead is tunneling normally, one end of the movable axial chute 13221 overlaps in the groove on the first radial chute 13222, and the other end is fixed to the axial sleeve 1214 of the cutterhead assembly 12 by the connecting fastener 13224 via the connecting block 13223, forming a stable axial chute structure. By allowing the movable axial chute 13221 to move along the groove on the first radial chute 13222, the dual requirements of ensuring that the cutterhead can be replaced from the back and that the slag can be smoothly introduced into the telescopic central belt conveyor 4 are met within the compact space at the rear of the small-diameter cutterhead base 11.

[0074] Additionally, the rotary joint assembly 14 is located at the cutter head axis on the back of the center tool holder 1211. Coolant flows out of the rotary joint assembly 14 through the pipes on the back of the panel 111 and is sprayed onto the working face through the inner hole of the panel 111, serving to cool and remove dust. When the center hob 1212 needs to be replaced, the rotary joint assembly 14 on the back of the center tool holder 1211 must be removed first, and then the tool can be installed or removed. The wear-resistant assembly 15 includes wear-resistant protective plates located on the upper front of the cutter head, the upper outer peripheral surface of the cutter head, and on the surface of the tool holder protruding from the cutter head panel 111, enhancing the wear resistance of the cutter head.

[0075] The peripheral drive unit 3 is connected to the cutterhead base 11 to drive the cutterhead base 11 to rotate. Using the peripheral drive unit 3 to drive the cutterhead base 11 to rotate provides greater torque, making it more suitable for tunneling in extremely hard rock geological engineering and improving tunneling efficiency. When the micro tunnel boring machine needs to check or replace cutters inside the tunnel, the telescopic central belt conveyor 4 is first pulled back, retracting from the inner cavity of the peripheral drive unit 3, allowing operators to enter the back of the cutterhead to perform the work. This effectively increases the working space and provides operational space for personnel to enter and exit the rear of the cutterhead for cutter inspection and replacement. This invention provides a micro tunnel boring machine that meets the requirements of cutter arrangement, has sufficient space for the muck removal system, and provides access for operators to replace cutters or re-tighten the fasteners 13224. An embedded center cutter holder 1211 is pre-installed within the panel 111. A circumferential guard plate is provided on the back of the panel 111 along the outer periphery of the center cutter holder 1211, which effectively protects the center cutter holder 1211 and the bidirectional connecting accessory 1213, preventing wear and damage from rock impacts and improving the durability of the center cutter 1212. The rotating shaft of the front cutter 1221 is fixed in the contour cutter holder cavity through the cooperation of the first connecting accessory 1222 and the second connecting accessory 1223. A contour cutter holder cavity is also provided in the area between the center and edge areas on the first surface of the cutterhead base 11, reducing the installation space of the front cutter 1221, ensuring the arrangement of the small cutter spacing cutters, or increasing the diameter of the cutters, and extending the cutting distance. A high-strength integrated edge cutter holder 1231 is used to fix the edge cutter 1232, reducing the number of parts included in the connecting accessories, increasing the strength of the cutter holder, and facilitating the disassembly and assembly of the cutters. By allowing the movable axial chute 13221 to move along the groove on the first radial chute 13222, the dual requirements of ensuring that the cutter can be replaced from the back and that the slag can be smoothly introduced into the telescopic central belt conveyor 4 are met within the compact space at the rear of the small diameter cutter head base 11.

[0076] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0077] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0078] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that they are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," or "on top" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," or "beneath" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0079] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0080] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make modifications, alterations, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A miniature tunnel boring machine, characterized in that, The micro tunnel boring machine includes a shell, an integral cutterhead (1), a peripheral drive unit (3), and a telescopic central belt conveyor (4). The integral cutterhead (1) includes a cutterhead base (11), a roller cutter assembly (12), a bucket (13), a rotary joint assembly (14), and a wear-resistant assembly (15); the first surface of the cutterhead base (11) faces the wall to be excavated, the roller cutter assembly (12), the bucket (13), and the wear-resistant assembly (15) are all disposed on the first surface of the cutterhead base (11), and the cutterhead base (11) is connected to the housing through the rotary joint assembly (14); The peripheral drive device (3) is disposed inside the housing. The peripheral drive device (3) is close to the second side of the cutter head base (11). The first side and the second side of the cutter head base (11) are a pair of opposing sides. The peripheral drive device (3) is connected to the cutter head base (11) to drive the cutter head base (11) to rotate. The telescopic central belt conveyor (4) is slidably disposed inside the housing along the central axis of the housing, and the bucket (13) is capable of conveying slag to the telescopic central belt conveyor (4). The cutter head base (11) includes a panel (111), a ring (112), a connecting sleeve (113), a flange (114), and multiple force transmission support plates (115); the connecting sleeve (113) is a tapered tube, and the diameter of the first end of the connecting sleeve (113) is larger than the diameter of the second end; the panel (111) is disposed at the first end of the ring (112), the first end of the connecting sleeve (113) is connected to the second end of the ring (112), and the second end of the connecting sleeve (113) is connected to the flange (114); multiple force transmission support plates (115) are evenly arranged radially along the ring (112), and the panel (111), the ring (112), the connecting sleeve (113), and the flange (114) are all connected to the force transmission support plates (115); The bucket (13) includes multiple blade assemblies (131) and multiple slag chute assemblies (132); the edge of the panel (111) is evenly provided with multiple notches along the circumferential direction, and the multiple blade assemblies (131) are installed one-to-one with the multiple notches; the slag chute assembly (132) is sleeved on the ring (112) and the connecting sleeve (113), one end of the slag chute assembly (132) is connected to the blade assembly (131), and the second end of the slag chute assembly (132) can be connected to the telescopic central belt conveyor (4). After the blade assembly (131) scoops up the slag, it is transported to the telescopic central belt conveyor (4) through the slag chute assembly (132); At least one movable chute assembly (132) is included among the plurality of chute assemblies (132); the movable chute assembly (1322) includes a movable axial chute (13221), a first radial chute (13222), a connecting block (13223), and a connecting fastener (13224); a groove is provided on the first radial chute (13222), and the first end of the movable axial chute (13221) is slidably connected to the groove; the connecting block (13223) is disposed on the cutter assembly (12) through the connecting fastener (13224), and the second end of the movable axial chute (13221) is detachably connected to the connecting block (13223).

2. The miniature tunnel boring machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The hobbing assembly (12) includes multiple center hobs (1212), multiple front hobs (1221), and multiple edge hobs (1232). The central hob (1212) is detachably disposed in the central region of the cutter head base (11) via a first connecting mechanism. The front hob (1221) is detachably disposed in the region between the central region and the edge region of the cutter head base (11) via a second connecting mechanism. The edge hob (1232) is detachably disposed in the edge region of the cutter head base (11) via a third connecting mechanism.

3. The miniature tunnel boring machine as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first connecting mechanism includes a central tool holder (1211), a bidirectional connecting accessory (1213), and an axial sleeve (1214). The central region of the cutter head base (11) is provided with a stepped hole that penetrates the cutter head base (11). The opening of the small hole of the stepped hole is located on the first surface of the cutter head base (11). The central tool holder (1211) is fixedly installed in the large hole of the stepped hole. The first surface of the central tool holder (1211) faces the first surface of the cutter head base (11). A first mounting groove is provided on the first surface of the central cutter holder (1211), and the central hob (1212) is partially located in the small hole of the stepped hole, and the central hob (1212) is partially disposed in the first mounting groove. The bidirectional connecting accessory (1213) is detachably disposed in the first mounting slot, and the bidirectional connecting accessory (1213) abuts against the center hob (1212); The axial sleeve (1214) is sleeved on the central tool holder (1211) along the axial direction.

4. The miniature tunnel boring machine as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The second connecting mechanism includes a first connecting accessory (1222), a second connecting accessory (1223), and a third connecting accessory (1224); A contoured tool holder cavity is provided in the area between the central region and the edge region on the first surface of the tool disc base (11), and a first through hole penetrating the tool disc base (11) is provided at the bottom of the contoured tool holder cavity. The first connecting attachment (1222) is arranged in pairs in the cavity of the contour cutter holder. The first connecting attachment (1222) has a fixing groove. The two ends of the rotating shaft of the front hob (1221) are fitted one-to-one with the fixing groove on the first connecting attachment (1222) arranged in pairs. The second connecting attachment (1223) is arranged in pairs in the cavity of the contour cutter holder, and the third connecting attachment (1224) abuts against the second surface of the cutter head base (11). The third connecting attachment (1224) arranged in pairs is connected to the second connecting attachment (1223) through a screw sleeved in the first through hole. The second connecting attachment (1223) arranged in pairs abuts against the two ends of the rotating shaft of the front hob (1221) respectively.

5. The miniature tunnel boring machine as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The third connecting mechanism includes an edge tool holder (1231), a fourth connecting accessory (1233), and a fifth connecting accessory (1234). The edge region of the cutter head base (11) is provided with a mounting hole that penetrates the cutter head base (11), and the edge cutter holder (1231) is disposed in the mounting hole; The edge tool holder (1231) has a second mounting groove on its first surface, and the bottom of the second mounting groove has a through hole that penetrates the edge tool holder (1231). The rotating shaft of the edge hob (1232) is disposed in the second mounting groove. The fourth connecting accessories (1233) are disposed in pairs in the second mounting groove. The fifth connecting accessory (1234) abuts against the second surface of the cutter head base (11). The fourth connecting accessories (1233) disposed in pairs are connected to the fifth connecting accessory (1234) by screws. The fourth connecting accessories (1233) disposed in pairs abut against the two ends of the rotating shaft of the edge hob (1232) respectively.

6. The miniature tunnel boring machine as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The plurality of said chute assemblies (132) also include a fixed chute assembly (1321), the fixed chute assembly (1321) including a fixed axial chute (13211) and a second radial chute (13212), the fixed axial chute (13211) being sleeved in the ring (112) and the connecting sleeve (113), and the second radial chute (13212) being connected to the fixed axial chute (13211).

7. The miniature tunnel boring machine as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The housing is provided with a pair of slide rails along the axis of the housing, and the telescopic central belt conveyor (4) is slidably mounted on the slide rails.

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