Space heat radiation radiator based on controllable irregular porous structure and processing method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a space heat radiation radiator based on controllable irregular porous structure and a processing method thereof, and relates to the fields of space heat control technology and additive manufacturing technology. The heat radiation radiator for a space working environment improves the heat radiation capacity, and the effective absorption of the heat fluid heat is increased by introducing the controllable irregular porous structure, so that the heat radiation radiator structure is optimized, and the heat absorption capacity for the heat fluid is improved. The heat radiation radiator comprises a shell for defining a flow channel, a controllable irregular porous structure which is generated by a tessellation method and filled in the shell, and a plurality of concave spherical ring pieces which are uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the shell along the axial direction of the shell. The controllable irregular porous structure is adopted in the shell, the heat absorption rate of the heat fluid is improved, and the heat radiation capacity is strengthened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of aerospace thermal control technology and additive manufacturing technology, and more specifically, to a space thermal radiation radiator with improved heat dissipation capacity and structural design. Background Technology

[0002] Ordinary tubular radiant heat sinks focus on optimizing the heat radiation scattering structure, while neglecting the optimization of the heat collection and absorption structure of the hot fluid. When the hot fluid flows through the heat sink, only a small portion of the heat is absorbed by the heat sink. Therefore, although there is an effective heat dissipation structure, it is still impossible to effectively control the temperature of the hot fluid at the outlet under high flow conditions.

[0003] The vacuum environment in which spacecraft operate is extremely harsh. Forced convection and natural convection cooling methods commonly used in the atmosphere are ineffective in a vacuum. Therefore, thermal radiation scattering is the optimal way to dissipate heat in space. When high-power equipment on a spacecraft generates a large amount of heat during operation, this heat can be transferred to a radiator through heat conduction for radiative cooling, thereby effectively controlling the equipment temperature, preventing damage, and ensuring the stability of its operation.

[0004] Traditional heat sinks consist of numerous fluid passages, each composed of multiple structural elements such as manifolds, supports, connections, and slats, assembled using methods including welding and mechanical connections. These components require independent design, positioning, and manufacturing, resulting in high economic and time costs. Furthermore, the reliability of connections is often poor, potentially leading to fluid leaks and structural failures. Meanwhile, spacecraft heat sinks require excellent heat dissipation performance, low weight, small size, and high reliability. Traditional manufacturing methods cannot provide suitable solutions for small sizes and complex internal structures. Additive manufacturing, however, perfectly solves this problem. Through a unique layer-by-layer printing process, structural complexity can be disregarded, providing high-precision forming quality. The integrated forming process avoids issues with connection strength and fit accuracy between multiple components, effectively improving operational reliability. Additionally, the manufacturing materials are recyclable, effectively controlling design iteration costs.

[0005] Chinese patent (application number CN202110517396.7, entitled "A Space Traveling Wave Tube Collector Concave Spherical Surface Heat Sink") proposes a space traveling wave tube collector concave spherical surface heat sink. Although it ensures effective heat radiation scattering through the form of fins, it is still insufficient in terms of heat absorption and conduction capabilities of the heat fluid. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the above problems, this invention proposes a space-based thermal radiation radiator and its processing method based on a controllable irregular porous structure. This radiator, used in space working environments, improves thermal radiation capabilities while increasing the effective absorption of heat from hot fluids by introducing a controllable irregular porous structure, thereby optimizing the radiator structure and enhancing its heat absorption capacity for hot fluids.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention is as follows: The heat radiation radiator includes a shell 1 for defining the flow path, a controllable irregular porous structure 2 whose basic units are generated by the Thiessen polygon method and filled inside the shell 1, and a plurality of concave spherical ring plates 3 uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the shell 1 along the axial direction. In use, the hot fluid flows into the radiator from the inlet pipe along the axial direction, dissipates heat through the inside of the shell, and flows out from the outlet pipe. The maximum diameter of the shell is 90-110 mm, the diameter of the inlet and outlet pipes is 30-40 mm, and the shell wall thickness is 0.5-1.5 mm.

[0008] The shell 1, the controllable irregular porous structure 2, and the concave spherical ring 3 are all formed in one axial step using additive manufacturing technology, and the material is copper.

[0009] The controllable irregular porous structure 2 is generated as a structural entity using the Thiessen polygon method and fills the cavity inside the cylindrical section of the shell.

[0010] The generation process of the structural entity consists of three steps:

[0011] The generation and randomization of discrete points determine the cell body generation location based on the position of the discrete points.

[0012] The formation of each cell body leads to the formation of the basic entity;

[0013] The contraction of the cell body and the smoothing of its structure constitute the final controllable irregular porous structure.

[0014] The specific generation process of the controllable irregular porous structure is as follows: A cube is determined as the region for generating the controllable irregular porous structure by size constraints. N discrete points are placed in this region, and the density of the discrete points is controlled by the spacing 'a', thereby determining the number of cells. The positions of the discrete points are randomized by oscillating the discrete points. The oscillation region is a spherical region with the discrete points as the center and 'r' as the radius. Therefore, the randomness of the discrete points can be controlled by the value of r / a. After determining the positions of the discrete points, N polygonal cells are formed by the intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of the lines connecting the discrete points. Subsequently, the cells shrink, with face-centered shrinkage and body-centered shrinkage occurring simultaneously, leaving edge regions and forming a cavity in the center. The degree of shrinkage is controlled by the shrinkage rate K. Finally, the remaining solid structure is smoothed, and Boolean operations are performed on the cube to obtain the desired controllable irregular porous structure.

[0015] The discrete point generation spacing 'a' is 10-20 mm, and the irregularity coefficient 'r / a' is 2-3.

[0016] The cell shrinkage coefficient K is 0.5-0.9.

[0017] The concave spherical ring plate 3 is an annular structure with hemispherical grooves arrayed on both sides of its surface. Its dimensions are constrained as follows: the thickness of the ring plate is 1.5-2.5 mm, the outer diameter is 200-250 mm, the spacing between each ring plate is 30-40 mm, and they are evenly distributed along the axial direction. The specific number is adjusted according to the length of the shell. The dimensions of the hemispherical grooves arrayed on the surface are: the diameter d is 1-3 mm, they are arranged in a radial array in an annular shape, the spacing between adjacent hemispherical grooves between rows is 2-3d, and the angle between rows is 7.5-15°.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0019] 1. The shell adopts a controllable irregular porous structure to improve the heat absorption rate of the hot fluid and enhance the heat dissipation capacity;

[0020] II. The structure of the concave spherical ring plate enhances the thermal radiation capacity and ensures that heat is fully dissipated;

[0021] Third, the flexible size design allows for easy adjustment according to actual needs;

[0022] Fourth, it is integrally molded using additive manufacturing technology, with no connecting parts, resulting in high reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is an axial cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a radial cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the Thiessen polygon structure described in this invention.

[0027] Figure 5 Simulation diagrams of flow field velocities for different porous structures.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the randomization of discrete points in the controllable irregular porous structure of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a two-dimensional schematic diagram of the controllable irregular porous cell structure generation of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the controllable irregular porous structure cell shrinkage of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of the concave spherical ring plate described in this invention.

[0032] In the figure, 1 is the shell, 2 is the controllable irregular porous structure, and 3 is the concave spherical ring plate. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To clearly illustrate the technical features of this patent, the following detailed description is provided through specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0034] like Figure 1-9 As shown, the radiator includes a housing 1, a controllable irregular porous structure 2 filled inside a cylindrical section of the housing, and concave spherical ring plates 3 uniformly distributed axially on the outer wall of the housing. The concave spherical ring plates 3 are annular thin-film structures with hemispherical grooves arrayed on their surface, and are integrally formed using additive manufacturing technology. Benefiting from the significantly increased contact area between the controllable irregular porous structure inside the housing and the heat fluid, this invention can effectively improve the absorption capacity of heat from the heat fluid while ensuring heat radiation capacity, thus improving heat dissipation. Simultaneously, the integral forming using additive manufacturing avoids the problem of unreliable connection and fit during the assembly of multiple components, and the integral forming improves the reliability of the radiator in the working environment. Furthermore, this invention can be widely used in other applications requiring heat radiation dissipation.

[0035] Traditional tubular radiant heat sinks have a simple cylindrical cavity inside the shell. Improvements in heat dissipation primarily focus on optimizing the radiant structure, often neglecting the insufficient heat absorption by the fluid. The simple cylindrical cavity can only effectively absorb heat at the fluid boundary, with some heat leaving the heat sink with the fluid and failing to redistribute. This invention addresses this deficiency by proposing a filling structure based on a controllable irregular porous structure. Adding this structure inside the shell significantly increases the contact area between the heat sink and the fluid. As the fluid flows through the irregular cavities in this structure, numerous turbulent flows are generated, thus enabling effective heat dissipation even under high flow rates. Furthermore, the controllable irregular porous structure can be generated using parametric adjustment, allowing for different morphologies of the filling structure to be obtained according to actual needs, ensuring sufficient heat dissipation while minimizing the heat sink's mass.

[0036] The present invention adopts a flexible dimension in the axial direction, including a shell and a controllable irregular porous structure, so as to better adapt to the actual working environment. The overall axial length of the heat sink can be adjusted according to the actual design size, and the concave spherical rings only need to increase the number of their axial distribution according to the original interval.

[0037] The basic additive manufacturing process in this invention is as follows: A three-dimensional model of the heat sink is designed and constructed, generating CAD data to digitize the structure. After importing the CAD data into the specialized slicing software of the additive manufacturing equipment, appropriate process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, and scanning strategy are selected to slice the three-dimensional model, converting it into a layer-by-layer structural pattern recognizable by the additive manufacturing equipment. After importing the slicing data into the additive manufacturing machine tool, powder is spread once. Once completed, the laser begins scanning, melting the powder according to the current layer's slicing data and rapidly solidifying it, thus completing the formation of that layer. This process is then repeated layer by layer until all layers are formed, at which point the heat sink forming is complete.

[0038] The process of generating a controllable irregular porous structure in this invention is as follows: A cubic region is determined as the generation region of the controllable irregular porous structure by size constraints. N discrete points are placed in this region, and the density of the discrete points is controlled by the spacing 'a', thereby determining the number of cells. The positions of the discrete points are randomized by oscillating the discrete points. The oscillation region is a spherical region with the discrete points as the center and 'r' as the radius. Therefore, the randomness of the discrete points can be controlled by the value of 'r / a'. After determining the positions of the discrete points, N polygonal cells are formed by the intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of the lines connecting the discrete points. Subsequently, the cells shrink, with face-centered shrinkage and body-centered shrinkage occurring simultaneously, leaving edge regions and forming a cavity in the center. The degree of shrinkage is controlled by the shrinkage rate 'K'. Finally, the remaining solid structure is smoothed, and Boolean operations are performed on the cube to obtain the desired controllable irregular porous structure.

[0039] Example 1: As Figure 1 As shown, the central part is a shell filled with a controllable, irregular porous structure. Concave spherical ring plates are evenly distributed along the axial direction on the columnar outer wall of the shell. The total length of the shell is 250 mm, the columnar portion is 140 mm long, the inlet / outlet pipe diameter is 34 mm, and the shell thickness is 1 mm.

[0040] In the controllable irregular porous structure, the discrete point generation region is a cubic region with a side length of 140 mm, the discrete point spacing is a = 10 mm, the irregularity coefficient is r / a = 2.5, the shrinkage rate is K = 0.75, and the result after Boolean operation is as follows: Figure 4 The structure shown is a controllable irregular porous column with a diameter of 100mm and a height of 140mm; the concave spherical ring has a maximum diameter of 220mm, a thickness of 2mm, a number of rings of 5, a spacing of 35mm between each ring, a surface concave spherical diameter d=2mm, a radial spacing of 2.5d=5mm between each concave spherical, and a circumferential array angle of 7.5°.

[0041] There are many specific ways to implement this invention. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements can be made without departing from the principle of this invention, and these improvements should also be considered within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A space-based thermal radiation radiator based on a controllable irregular porous structure, characterized in that, The heat radiation radiator includes a shell (1) for defining the flow path, a controllable irregular porous structure (2) whose structural entity is generated by the Thiessen polygon method and filled inside the shell (1), and a number of concave spherical ring plates (3) uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the shell (1) along the axial direction. The generation process of the structural entity is divided into three steps: generation and randomization of discrete points, determining the cell generation position through the position of discrete points; generation of each cell to form a basic entity; and contraction and structural smoothing of the cell to form the final controllable irregular porous structure.

2. A method for manufacturing a space thermal radiation radiator based on a controllable irregular porous structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The shell (1), the controllable irregular porous structure (2), and the concave spherical ring (3) are all formed in one step along the axial direction using additive manufacturing technology.

3. The processing method of a space thermal radiation radiator based on a controllable irregular porous structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The controllable irregular porous structure (2) is generated as a structural entity using the method of Thiessen polygons and is filled inside the cavity of the cylindrical section of the shell.

4. The processing method of a space thermal radiation radiator based on a controllable irregular porous structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The discrete point generation spacing 'a' is 10-20 mm, and the irregularity coefficient 'r / a' is 2-3.

5. The processing method of a space thermal radiation radiator based on a controllable irregular porous structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cell shrinkage coefficient K is 0.5-0.

9.

6. The processing method of a space thermal radiation radiator based on a controllable irregular porous structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The concave spherical ring plate (3) is an annular structure with hemispherical grooves distributed on both sides of the surface. The size of the hemispherical grooves distributed on the surface is: the diameter d is 1-3mm, and they are arranged in a ring along the radial direction. The spacing between adjacent hemispherical grooves is 2-3d, and the angle between rows is 7.5-15°.

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