Taper detection method and taper detection tool set

Abstract

The application provides a taper detection method and a taper detection tool set. The taper detection method is used for detecting a to-be-detected taper, which includes a microtome spindle box taper and a microtome spindle taper. The method comprises the following steps: A, a light-transmitting part is matched with the to-be-detected taper. The light-transmitting part comprises a taper adapting part which contacts the to-be-detected taper and a light guide part which conducts test light; B, force is applied to the structure to which the to-be-detected taper belongs and / or the light-transmitting part, so that contact pressure is generated between the taper adapting part and the to-be-detected taper; C, the test light is projected to one side of the light guide part which contacts the taper adapting part, wherein the inclination angle of the test light relative to the one side of the light guide part which contacts the taper adapting part is smaller than the complementary angle of the critical angle of the light guide part; and D, the light spot of the boundary surface between the light guide part and the taper adapting part is observed. If the brightness of the light spot is in a preset brightness interval, it is determined that the to-be-detected taper is qualified, otherwise, it is determined that the to-be-detected taper is unqualified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of surface quality inspection technology, and in particular to a method for inspecting conical surfaces and a tool kit for inspecting conical surfaces. Background Technology

[0002] Crystal slicers have multiple mating conical surfaces, including the outer conical surface of the slicer spindle and the inner conical surface of the slicer spindle box. These mating conical surfaces require high precision in shape and surface roughness. Higher shape precision and smoother surfaces result in a longer service life for the slicer and higher quality wafers. Therefore, it is necessary to inspect the mating conical surfaces in the slicer.

[0003] Traditional cone surface inspection is performed using a coloring method. The steps of the coloring method include: first, uniformly applying dye (the dye can be red lead powder or blue oil) along the generatrix of the cone surface to be tested; then, using a conical ring gauge to contact and cooperate with the cone surface to be tested, rotating the conical ring gauge relative to the cone surface to be tested at a certain angle; and finally, observing the coverage and distribution of the dye on the surface to be tested.

[0004] The criteria for judging the acceptance of a conical surface applicable to the coloring method are as follows: when the amount of dye applied is three linear tracks with a thickness between 1 micrometer and 3 micrometers, and the conical ring gauge rotates 30° relative to the conical surface to be tested, if the ratio of the area covered by the dye on the conical surface to the contact area during the rotation and engagement of the conical surface to be tested and the conical ring gauge is above 90%, then the conical surface to be tested is considered to be acceptable.

[0005] The biggest problem with using the coloring method described above to determine whether a conical surface is qualified is the lack of precision and the significant influence of human subjectivity. It's difficult to guarantee consistent dye application; human error can easily cause deviations in dye application, affecting the dye coverage area on the tested conical surface. Furthermore, it's difficult for personnel to accurately visually assess the dye coverage percentage, often leading to different conclusions from different individuals. All these factors affect the accuracy of judging the quality and reliability of the slicer. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, it is necessary to provide an improved method for detecting conical surfaces. This method can avoid interference and influence on the determination of whether the conical surface under test is qualified due to improper operation or inaccurate visual inspection, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the determination of whether the conical surface under test is qualified.

[0007] This invention provides a method for detecting conical surfaces, the method targeting the conical surfaces to be tested including the conical surface of the slicer spindle box and the conical surface of the slicer spindle, comprising:

[0008] A. A light-transmitting component is fitted to the cone surface to be tested. The light-transmitting component includes a cone surface adapter that contacts the cone surface to be tested and a light guide that transmits the test light.

[0009] B. Apply force to the structure and / or light-transmitting component to which the cone surface to be measured belongs, so as to generate contact pressure between the cone surface adapter and the cone surface to be measured;

[0010] C. The test light is projected onto one side of the light guide contact cone adapter, wherein the tilt angle of the test light relative to one side of the light guide contact cone adapter is less than the complementary angle of the critical angle of the light guide;

[0011] D. Observe the light spot at the interface between the light guide and the cone-shaped adapter. If the brightness of the light spot at the interface is within the preset brightness range, the cone-shaped surface to be tested is deemed qualified; otherwise, the cone-shaped surface to be tested is deemed unqualified.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0013] 1) The object of observation during testing has changed. Instead of observing the coverage area and proportion of dye on the cone surface under test, the observation focuses on the light spot at the interface between the light-transmitting component and the cone surface. The light spot is obtained by illuminating the light-transmitting component with the light-emitting component, eliminating the need for personnel to apply dye to the cone surface. This avoids the possibility of incorrect or uneven dye application due to substandard personnel work, thus preventing the dye from affecting the determination of the cone surface's pass / fail status. This makes cone surface testing and evaluation more objective and reliable.

[0014] 2) Whether it is controlling the amount and trajectory of dye during the dye application process, visually estimating the size of the dye coverage area, or measuring the ratio of the dye coverage area to the area of ​​the sliding contact cone ring gauge on the cone surface to be tested, the traditional coloring method requires the tester to have rich operational experience. Compared with applying dye to the cone surface to be tested, the operation of using a light-emitting element to illuminate a light-transmitting element and automatically obtaining a light spot by relying on the propagation of light inside the light-transmitting element and reflection at the interface is simpler and easier for personnel to master quickly, and the dependence on the tester's experience is greatly reduced.

[0015] 3) By determining the brightness level of the light spot at the interface and analyzing the brightness of each region of the interface relative to the highest and lowest brightness of the preset brightness range, the quality assessment results of the cone surface under test can be quantitatively compared. For different cone surfaces under test, more accurate and specific quality levels can be presented. This not only enables a preliminary qualitative assessment of whether the quality of the cone surface under test is qualified, but also allows for a further quantitative and accurate evaluation of the surface quality and shape of the cone surface under test.

[0016] 4) The present invention eliminates the operations of bringing the conical ring gauge into contact with the measured conical surface to form a fit, and also eliminates the operation of disassembling the conical ring gauge from the measured conical surface. In addition, it also eliminates the operations of cleaning the measured conical surface and removing residual dyes after the detection, making the entire detection process take less time and be more convenient and labor-saving.

[0017] In one embodiment, step D observes the light spot at the interface between the light guide part and the conical surface fitting part. If the brightness of the interface light spot is within a preset brightness range, it is determined that the measured conical surface is qualified; otherwise, it is determined that the measured conical surface is unqualified, including:

[0018] D1. If there is an area where the brightness of the interface light spot is lower than the lower limit of the preset brightness range, it is determined that there is a depression on the measured conical surface corresponding to this area;

[0019] D2. If there is an area where the brightness of the interface light spot is higher than the upper limit of the preset brightness range, it is determined that there is a protrusion on the measured conical surface corresponding to this area.

[0020] In one embodiment, step C projects the test light onto the side of the light guide part contacting the conical surface fitting part, where the inclination angle of the test light relative to the side of the light guide part contacting the conical surface fitting part is less than the complementary angle of the critical angle of the light guide part, including:

[0021] C1. Obtain the grayscale image of the interface between the light guide part and the conical surface fitting part;

[0022] Step D observes the light spot at the interface between the light guide part and the conical surface fitting part. If the brightness of the interface light spot is within a preset brightness range, it is determined that the measured conical surface is qualified; otherwise, it is determined that the measured conical surface is unqualified, including:

[0023] D3. If the grayscale of the interface light spot is within a preset grayscale range, it is determined that the measured conical surface is qualified; otherwise, it is determined that the measured conical surface is unqualified.

[0024] With such a setting, the grayscale image can eliminate the interference caused by the areas with too high brightness in the interface light spot to the image recognition analyst, and the interference includes halos. Moreover, it can also further divide the areas with too low brightness in the interface light spot into different areas according to the grayscale levels, so as to help personnel further distinguish the surface quality differences of the interfaces corresponding to the areas with too low or too high brightness.

[0025] In one embodiment, step D observes the light spot at the interface between the light guide part and the conical surface fitting part. If the brightness of the interface light spot is within a preset brightness range, it is determined that the measured conical surface is qualified; otherwise, it is determined that the measured conical surface is unqualified, including:

[0026] D4. Perform grid processing on the grayscale image of the interface to obtain multiple sub-regions;

[0027] D5. Calculate the difference in gray values ​​between the sub-region with the highest gray value and the sub-region with the lowest gray value to obtain the gray range.

[0028] D6. If the grayscale range is less than the given grayscale range, the cone surface to be tested is deemed qualified; otherwise, the cone surface to be tested is deemed unqualified.

[0029] The sub-region with the highest grayscale indicates that the spot in that region is the brightest, and the corresponding interface has the greatest convexity. The sub-region with the lowest grayscale indicates that the spot in that region is the darkest, and the corresponding interface has the greatest concavity. With this setting, the grayscale range can intuitively show the height difference between the highest convex region and the deepest concave region on the interface. The cone surface selected in this way has higher quality, and the height difference between the highest convex part and the deepest concave part on the interface is lower, making the cone surface closer to the ideal cone surface.

[0030] In one embodiment, step C involves projecting the test light onto one side of the light guide contact cone adapter, wherein the angle of inclination of the test light relative to one side of the light guide contact cone adapter is less than the complementary angle of the critical angle of the light guide, including:

[0031] C2. The camera captures the interface between the light guide and the conical adapter to obtain the target image.

[0032] This setup, which uses a camera to observe the interface instead of the human eye, eliminates the influence of factors such as human visual ability, testing experience, and mental state on the observation results. It also prevents different observers from obtaining different conclusions after observing the interface. The images recorded by the camera are more accurate, realistic, and reliable. In addition, the camera can save the images for more detailed analysis and comparison of the light spots on the interface later.

[0033] In one embodiment, step C involves projecting the test light onto one side of the light guide contact cone adapter, wherein the angle of inclination of the test light relative to one side of the light guide contact cone adapter is less than the complementary angle of the critical angle of the light guide, including:

[0034] C3. The image recognition and processing system analyzes the target image and compares it with the reference image of the reference cone surface. The reference image includes the interface light spot between the light guide part and the cone surface adapter part.

[0035] Step D: Observe the interface spot between the light guide and the conical surface adapter. If the brightness of the interface spot is within the preset brightness range, the conical surface under test is deemed qualified; otherwise, the conical surface under test is deemed unqualified, including:

[0036] D7. If a region in the target image has a spot brightness higher than the brightest region in the reference image, it is determined that the tested cone surface in that region has a protrusion; and / or,

[0037] D8. If there is a region in the target image where the brightness of the spot is lower than that of the darkest region in the reference image, it is determined that the cone surface to be tested in the corresponding region has a depression.

[0038] This setup provides a means and a standard for determining whether there are protrusions and depressions in the area to be tested. The standard expands the range of height dimensions of surface protrusions that a qualified cone surface can tolerate, as well as the range of depth dimensions of surface depressions that a qualified cone surface can tolerate. As long as the brightness of the light spot is between the brightest and lowest brightness areas in the reference image, the cone surface to be tested can be considered qualified.

[0039] In addition, the image recognition processing system has clear judgment criteria when identifying and analyzing target images. These criteria will not be changed arbitrarily. This can avoid interference caused by individual differences in cognition, detection experience, and mental state among judges when making judgments manually. It also eliminates the inconsistency and ambiguity of standards that are easy to occur when making judgments manually, ensuring that the final judgment and analysis results are true and objective. Moreover, the image recognition processing system has a stronger discrimination ability than the human eye. When the human eye cannot distinguish the difference in the brightness of light spots, the image recognition processing system can keenly identify more subtle differences in brightness. It can also set the brightness level span and brightness level endpoint values ​​of a preset brightness range based on specific brightness levels.

[0040] In one embodiment, step A involves a light-transmitting element that mates with the cone surface to be tested. The light-transmitting element includes a cone surface adapter that contacts the cone surface to be tested and a light guide that transmits test light.

[0041] A1. A first light-transmitting element is fitted onto the main shaft of the slicer so that the inner conical surface of the first light-transmitting element is in contact with the outer conical surface of the main shaft of the slicer, and the conical surface fitting part of the first light-transmitting element forms the inner conical surface of the first light-transmitting element.

[0042] Step B applies force to the structure and / or light-transmitting component to which the cone surface to be measured belongs, so as to generate contact pressure between the cone surface adapter and the cone surface to be measured, including:

[0043] B1. Use a torque tool to screw the fixing pin into the main shaft of the slicer, and press the first light-transmitting element against the main shaft of the slicer through the head of the fixing pin;

[0044] Step C2: The camera captures the interface between the light guide and the conical adapter to obtain a target image, including:

[0045] C21. A camera is arranged on the outer side of the outer peripheral wall of the first light-transmitting element, so that the camera lens points to the outer conical surface of the slicer spindle, and the light guide part of the first light-transmitting element forms the outer conical surface of the first light-transmitting element;

[0046] C22. Drive at least one of the slicer spindle and the camera to rotate at least one revolution relative to the other about the axis of the slicer spindle, during which the camera photographs the outer conical surface of the slicer spindle.

[0047] With this setup, the contact between the first light-transmitting element and the cone surface to be tested is more thorough and stable. The use of a torque tool allows for more precise control of the pressure between the first light-transmitting element and the cone surface to be tested, ensuring that the contact pressure between them meets the requirements for forming a light spot at the interface. After the fixing screw is screwed into the slicer, it can form a firm and reliable connection with the slicer spindle through the self-locking effect of the thread. Therefore, the contact pressure between the first light-transmitting element and the cone surface to be tested can remain unchanged for a long time, avoiding changes in the brightness of the light spot at the interface during the testing period.

[0048] In one embodiment, step C22 drives at least one of the slicer spindle and the camera to rotate at least one revolution relative to the other about the axis of the slicer spindle, during which the camera images the outer conical surface of the slicer spindle, including:

[0049] C221. The first light-transmitting element is fixed relative to the slicer spindle so that the first light-transmitting element rotates synchronously relative to the camera following the slicer spindle.

[0050] C222. The camera and the light-emitting element used to generate test light are fixed relative to each other, so that the light-emitting element rotates relative to the first light-transmitting element about the axis of the slicer spindle.

[0051] With this setup, the contact pressure in each area at the interface remains unchanged. As the light-emitting element rotates relative to the first light-transmitting element and the slicer spindle, light spots are generated in each area at the interface. During the rotation of the camera relative to the slicer spindle and the first light-transmitting element, the camera completely records the images of the bright spots in each area at the interface, and only one camera is needed to record the images of the bright spots.

[0052] In one embodiment, a tapered boss protrudes axially from the end of the slicer spindle, and an annular flange protrudes axially around the tapered boss. Step A1 involves fitting a first light-transmitting element onto the slicer spindle so that the inner tapered surface of the first light-transmitting element fits against the outer tapered surface of the slicer spindle. The tapered surface fitting portion of the first light-transmitting element forms the inner tapered surface of the first light-transmitting element, including:

[0053] A11. A first light-transmitting element is fitted onto the conical boss so that the inner conical surface of the first light-transmitting element fits against the outer conical surface of the conical boss.

[0054] A12. Place the end of the first light-transmitting element that is relatively close to the end of the slicer spindle between the outer conical surface of the conical boss and the inner peripheral wall of the annular flange.

[0055] With this configuration, the inner wall of the annular flange can increase the pressure of the end of the first light-transmitting element that is relatively close to the end of the slicer spindle on the cone surface to be tested, so that the contact between the first light-transmitting element and the cone surface to be tested is tighter and more sufficient, and the contact pressure is more evenly distributed on the cone surface to be tested, thereby eliminating the influence of uneven contact pressure in different areas on the cone surface to be tested on the brightness uniformity of the light spot at the interface.

[0056] In one embodiment, step A involves a light-transmitting element that mates with the cone surface to be tested. The light-transmitting element includes a cone surface adapter that contacts the cone surface to be tested and a light guide that transmits test light.

[0057] A2. Insert the second light-transmitting element into the conical groove of the slicer shaft box so that the outer conical surface of the second light-transmitting element fits against the inner conical surface of the conical groove of the slicer shaft box, and the conical surface fitting part of the second light-transmitting element forms the outer conical surface of the second light-transmitting element.

[0058] Step B applies force to the structure and / or light-transmitting component to which the cone surface to be measured belongs, so as to generate contact pressure between the cone surface adapter and the cone surface to be measured, including:

[0059] B2. Use a torque tool to screw the fixing pin into the slicer shaft box, and press the second light-transmitting element into the slicer shaft box through the head of the fixing pin;

[0060] Step C2: The camera captures the interface between the light guide and the conical adapter to obtain a target image, including:

[0061] C23. A camera is arranged on the inner side of the inner peripheral wall of the second light-transmitting element so that the camera lens points to the inner conical surface of the tapered groove of the slicer shaft box, and the light guide part of the second light-transmitting element forms the inner peripheral wall of the second light-transmitting element.

[0062] C24. Drive at least one of the slicer shaft box and the camera to rotate at least one revolution relative to the other about the axis of the conical groove, during which the camera photographs the inner conical surface of the slicer shaft box conical groove.

[0063] This setup provides a method for detecting the conical surface inside the slicer's shaft box. The use of a torque tool allows for more precise control of the pressure between the second light-transmitting element and the conical surface to be tested, ensuring that the contact pressure between them meets the requirements for forming a light spot at the interface. The contact pressure between the second light-transmitting element and the conical surface to be tested can remain constant for a long time, avoiding changes in the brightness of the light spot at the interface during the testing period. The camera can obtain the light spot image at the interface more conveniently and clearly.

[0064] The present invention also provides a tool kit for testing conical surfaces, including a light-transmitting component, a pressure loading component, a light-emitting component, and a camera. The light-transmitting component includes a conical surface adapter that contacts the conical surface to be tested and a light guide that conducts test light. The pressure loading component connects the light-transmitting component to the structure to which the conical surface to be tested belongs. The light-emitting component illuminates the light guide. The camera captures the interface between the light guide and the conical surface adapter. Attached Figure Description

[0065] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of using a tapered surface inspection tool kit according to an embodiment of the present invention to inspect the tapered surface of a slicer spindle;

[0066] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of using a tool kit for conical surface inspection of a slicer shaft box according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of using a tool kit for inspecting conical surfaces.

[0068] 10. Light-transmitting component; 101. First light-transmitting component; 102. Second light-transmitting component; 103. Conical surface adapter; 104. Light guide; 11. Conical cylinder; 12. End cap; 20. Slicer spindle; 21. Spindle end; 22. Conical boss; 23. Annular flange; 24. Threaded hole at shaft end; 30. Light-emitting component; 40. Camera; 50. Slicer shaft box; 51. Conical groove; 52. Threaded hole at the bottom of the groove; 60. Conical surface to be measured. Detailed Implementation

[0069] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0070] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "or / and" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0071] Surface quality inspection of mechanical structures is a crucial method for determining their long-term reliable service. To ensure long-term reliable service and fully meet the initial design requirements, the surface of a mechanical structure must possess certain shape and dimensional accuracy, and its surface roughness must also meet standards. This ensures a good connection and fit between the surface of the mechanical structure and other structures. For example, a crystal slicing machine includes a slicing spindle 20 and a slicing spindle box 50, both with mutually compatible conical surfaces. The quality of these conical surfaces directly affects the smoothness of the slicing machine's operation, its service life, and the quality of the wafers obtained after slicing.

[0072] This invention provides a novel method for inspecting conical surfaces, and also provides a tool kit for this purpose. This tool kit assists mechanical structure manufacturers and inspectors in implementing the method for inspecting conical surfaces. The method is applicable to various types of conical surfaces 60 to be inspected, including the conical surface of a slicer shaft box 50 and the conical surface of a slicer spindle 20. The conical surface of the slicer shaft box 50 refers to the inner wall surface of the conical groove 51 formed in the slicer shaft box 50, i.e., the inner conical surface of the conical groove 51. The conical surface of the slicer spindle 20 refers to the outer wall surface of the conical boss 22 fixed to the end of the slicer spindle 20, i.e., the outer conical surface of the conical boss 22. Before describing the specific implementation process of the conical surface inspection method, the tool kit for inspecting conical surfaces provided by this invention is first introduced.

[0073] The conical surface testing tool kit includes a light-emitting element 30, a light-transmitting element 10, a pressure loading element, and a camera 40. The light-emitting element 30 generates test light, which is a parallel beam or a group of approximately parallel beams. The light-transmitting element 10 includes a light guide 104 and a conical surface adapter 103 that are tightly fitted together. Compared to the conical surface adapter 103, the light guide 104 has a lower optical density and a lower refractive index. The light guide 104 receives illumination from the light-emitting element 30, allowing the test light to enter and propagate within it. The conical surface adapter 103 contacts the conical surface 60 to be tested, achieving a fitting connection between the mechanical structure of the conical surface 60 and the light-transmitting element 10. The pressure loading element connects the mechanical structure of the conical surface 60 to the light-transmitting element 10, generating contact pressure between the conical surface adapter 103 and the conical surface 60. The camera 40 is used to photograph the area where the light guide 104 and the conical adapter 103 are in contact. For the sake of simplicity, the interface between the light guide 104 and the conical adapter 103 will be used to refer to the area where the light guide 104 and the conical adapter 103 are in contact.

[0074] Optionally, the light-emitting element 30 includes a fluorescent lamp and / or an LED lamp, the light-transmitting element 10 includes a light guide 104 made of a transparent or translucent material, the conical adapter 103 and the light guide 104 can be fixedly connected to form an integral structure, or they can be two separately formed structures, the pressure loading element includes a clamp and / or a fastener, and the camera 40 can be an industrial camera 40 connected to an image recognition processing system, and can transmit the images it captures, including the interface, to the image recognition processing system, which replaces manual analysis and identification of the images.

[0075] It should be noted that in some embodiments, the test light can also be generated in other ways, and the tool kit for cone surface detection may not include the light-emitting element 30 and the camera 40. During the implementation of the cone surface detection method, the idle light-emitting element 30 and the idle camera 40 can be temporarily borrowed to cope with the detection. After the cone surface detection is completed, the light-emitting element 30 and the camera 40 are returned to their original positions respectively.

[0076] The following section uses the inspection of the conical surface of the slicer spindle 20 and the slicer shaft box 50 as examples to elaborate on the specific steps and implementation process of the conical surface inspection method. Unless otherwise specified, the conical surface 60 to be tested mentioned below can refer to either the conical surface of the slicer spindle 20, i.e., the outer conical surface of the conical boss 22 fixed at the end of the slicer spindle 20, or the conical surface of the slicer shaft box 50, i.e., the inner wall surface of the conical groove 51 formed in the slicer shaft box 50. The conical surface inspection method includes:

[0077] S10, the light-transmitting component 10 is matched with the cone surface 60 to be tested, the light-transmitting component 10 includes a cone surface adapter 103 that contacts the cone surface 60 to be tested and a light guide 104 that conducts test light.

[0078] S20. Apply force to the mechanical structure and / or light-transmitting element 10 to which the cone surface 60 to be tested belongs, so that contact pressure is generated between the cone surface adapter 103 and the cone surface 60 to be tested;

[0079] S30. The test light is projected onto one side of the light guide 104 contacting the cone-shaped adapter 103, wherein the tilt angle of the test light relative to the side of the light guide 104 contacting the cone-shaped adapter 103 is less than the complementary angle of the critical angle of the light guide 104.

[0080] S40. Observe the light spot at the interface between the light guide part 104 and the conical surface adapter part 103. If the brightness of the light spot at the interface is within the preset brightness range, the conical surface 60 to be tested is deemed qualified; otherwise, the conical surface 60 to be tested is deemed unqualified.

[0081] The following provides a more precise benchmark for determining whether the cone surface 60 to be tested is qualified. Step S40 also includes:

[0082] S41. If there is a region where the brightness of the interface spot is lower than the lower limit of the preset brightness range, it is determined that the cone surface 60 to be tested in the corresponding region has a depression.

[0083] S42. If the interface light spot has a region with a brightness higher than the upper limit of the preset brightness range, it is determined that the test cone surface 60 corresponding to the region has a protrusion.

[0084] The conical adapter 103 and the light guide 104 are in close contact. The conical adapter 103 has a higher optical density and refractive index than the light guide 104. The side of the conical adapter 103 facing away from the light guide 104 has a reference conical surface with the same taper as the conical surface 60 to be tested. If the shape accuracy, dimensional accuracy, surface roughness, and other indicators of the conical surface 60 to be tested are all qualified, then the reference conical surface of the conical adapter 103 and the conical surface 60 to be tested can form a tight curved surface fit. When the light guide 104 is irradiated by the test light, the light guide 104... The angle between one side of the contact cone adapter 103 and the test light incident on the contact cone adapter 103 side of the light guide 104 is less than the complementary angle of the critical angle of the light guide 104. That is, when the test light is incident on one side of the contact cone adapter 103 of the light guide 104 and forms a projection point on the light guide 104, assuming there is a straight line that passes through the projection point and is perpendicular to one side of the contact cone adapter 103 of the light guide 104, the angle between the straight line and the test light is greater than the critical angle of the light guide 104.

[0085] The following is the principle of the cone surface detection method of the present invention, please refer to... Figure 3 , Figure 3The relative positional relationship of the cone surface 60 under test, the cone surface adapter 103, and the light guide 104 during the cone surface detection method is shown. θ represents a portion of the test light entering the light guide 104, and the total internal reflection of this portion of the test light within the light guide 104. Applying force to the slicer spindle 20 / slicer shaft box 50 or to the light-transmitting element 10 increases the pressure exerted by the cone surface 60 on the cone surface adapter 103. This significantly intensifies the squeezing effect of the minute protrusions / local protrusions of the cone surface 60 on the cone surface adapter 103, increasing the density and refractive index near the pressure point of the cone surface adapter 103, and also increasing the density and refractive index near the pressure point of the light guide 104. Ultimately, the total internal reflection of the test light incident near the pressure point of the light guide 104 is suppressed within the light guide 104. These test light rays undergo diffuse reflection near the pressure point of the light guide 104, and the corresponding diffuse light rays are represented by Ω. The diffuse light rays radiate roughly from the pressure point of the light guide 104, forming a high-brightness diffuse light cluster. At this time, when observing the light-transmitting element 10 from the side of the light guide 104 away from the conical adapter 103, bright spots formed by diffuse light rays can be seen near the pressure point of the light guide 104. However, since the conical adapter 103 and the light guide 104 corresponding to the slightly concave / partially concave conical surface 60 under test are not subjected to severe compression, when the test light rays are incident on the light guide 104 corresponding to the concave concave conical surface 60 under test, these test light rays will not undergo significant diffuse reflection, and therefore will not produce a high-brightness diffuse light cluster. Even if bright spots are produced, their brightness will be lower than that of the bright spots near the pressure point of the light guide 104.

[0086] While the pressure loading component applies force to the structure to which the cone surface 60 to be tested belongs and / or the light-transmitting component 10 belongs, the camera 40 captures the interface between the light guide portion 104 and the cone surface adapter portion 103. Since contact pressure is generated between the cone surface 60 to be tested and the cone surface adapter portion 103, and between the cone surface adapter portion 103 and the light guide portion 104, it can be assumed that there are many pressure points on the light guide portion 104 at this time. If the cone surface 60 to be tested is a qualified cone surface, it means that the cone surface 60 to be tested and the cone surface adapter portion 103 fit tightly together, and the pressure distribution on the reference cone surface of the cone surface adapter portion 103 and the side of the light guide portion 104 that contacts the cone surface adapter portion 103 is uniform. Alternatively, it can be said that these pressure points are uniformly distributed and their respective pressures are close. Therefore, the interface image at this time will present a uniform light spot, with the brightness of different areas in the light spot being basically similar, and the brightness all within a preset brightness range. Conversely, if the tested cone surface 60 has a protrusion, the reference cone surface and the light guide 104 will experience higher pressure on the corresponding protruding areas. Abnormal bright spots exceeding the upper limit of the preset brightness range will form near these pressure points. Conversely, if the tested cone surface 60 has a depression, the reference cone surface and the light guide 104 will experience lower pressure on the corresponding depressed areas. Dark areas below the lower limit of the preset brightness range will form near these pressure points. Therefore, personnel can determine whether the tested cone surface 60 is qualified based on the uniformity of the light spot in the interface image. High-brightness and dark areas in the interface light spot will serve as indicators of a failed tested cone surface 60.

[0087] To eliminate the influence of human observation errors, differences in personnel visual ability, and personnel inspection experience on the inspection results, and to prevent excessively bright or dark areas in the interface spot from causing difficulties for personnel analysis, and to further differentiate the brightness levels of the interface spot to help determine the surface quality level of the cone surface 60 to be tested, step S30 further includes:

[0088] S31. Obtain a grayscale image of the interface between the light guide part 104 and the conical adapter part 103;

[0089] Step S40 also includes:

[0090] S43. If the gray level of the interface spot is within the preset gray level range, the cone surface 60 to be tested is deemed qualified; otherwise, the cone surface 60 to be tested is deemed unqualified.

[0091] The grayscale image can be acquired as follows: After capturing an image of the interface between the light guide 104 and the conical adapter 103 using camera 40, the original image containing the interface is transmitted to an image recognition processing system, which converts the original image into a grayscale image. The preset grayscale range is determined based on a preset brightness range. The upper limit of the brightness range corresponds to the upper limit of the grayscale range, and the lower limit of the brightness range corresponds to the lower limit of the grayscale range.

[0092] The above steps transform the examination of the brightness of the interface spot into a quantitative examination of the grayscale values ​​of each region in the grayscale image. Determining the quality of the tested cone surface is not limited to a preliminary classification of the tested cone surface 60 as qualified or unqualified; it can further clarify the quality grade of the tested cone surface 60 and the degree of deviation between the defects of unqualified cone surfaces and the reference cone surface. Identifying each grayscale level region in a grayscale image is obviously easier than identifying each brightness level region in the original image. After conversion to a grayscale image, there is no interference from halos caused by excessively bright areas in the original image during identification and analysis, and there is no difficulty in determining the quality grade of the tested cone surface 60 due to dark areas in the original image that are difficult to distinguish.

[0093] In some implementations, the surface undulation of the cone surface 60 to be tested corresponding to the grayscale image can also be determined by measuring the grayscale range of each grayscale image. If the grayscale range in the grayscale image is too large, it indicates that the height difference between the protrusions and depressions of the cone surface 60 to be tested is obvious, and the cone surface 60 to be tested is unqualified.

[0094] Specifically, step D40 also includes:

[0095] S44. Mesh the grayscale image of the interface to obtain multiple sub-regions;

[0096] S45. Calculate the difference in gray values ​​between the sub-region with the highest gray value and the sub-region with the lowest gray value to obtain the gray range.

[0097] S46. If the grayscale range is less than the given grayscale range, the cone surface 60 to be tested is deemed qualified; otherwise, the cone surface 60 to be tested is deemed unqualified.

[0098] The meshing of the grayscale image at the interface can be performed by an image recognition processing system. After meshing the grayscale image, the system can calculate the average grayscale value of all sub-regions, then monotonically arrange these average grayscale values, and finally calculate the grayscale range by subtracting the two grayscale values ​​with the highest and lowest average grayscale values. When meshing the grayscale image, the mesh size can be determined based on the allowable area of ​​the conical defect in practice, thereby determining the number of meshes. Optionally, the actual area represented by the mesh can be smaller than the allowable area of ​​the conical defect.

[0099] In some implementations, step S30 further includes:

[0100] S32, Camera 40 captures the interface between the light guide 104 and the conical adapter 103 to obtain a target image.

[0101] Furthermore, step S30 also includes:

[0102] S33. The image recognition processing system analyzes the target image and compares the target image with the reference image of the reference cone surface. The reference image includes the interface light spot between the light guide part 104 and the cone surface adapter part 103 when the cone surface to be tested 60 is a qualified cone surface.

[0103] Accordingly, step S40 further includes:

[0104] S47. If a region exists in the target image where the brightness of the light spot is higher than the brightness of the brightest region in the reference image, it is determined that the tested cone surface 60 corresponding to that region has a protrusion; and / or,

[0105] S48. If there is a region in the target image where the brightness of the spot is lower than that of the darkest region in the reference image, it is determined that the cone surface 60 to be tested in the corresponding region has a depression.

[0106] When the reference cone surface is fitted with the light-transmitting component 10, the cone surface fitting part 103 basically forms a tight curved surface fit with the reference cone surface. While the reference cone surface and the cone surface fitting part 103 remain in close contact, the camera 40 captures the interface light spot at this time, and the captured interface image is recorded as a reference standard for determining whether the cone surface 60 to be tested subsequently is qualified. The selection criteria for the reference cone surface should not be too stringent. The following conditions apply:

[0107] 1) The brightness of the interface spot is within the preset brightness range, the brightness of the brightest area is lower than the upper limit of the preset brightness range, and the brightness of the darkest area is higher than the lower limit of the preset brightness range.

[0108] 2) The grayscale of the interface spot is within the preset grayscale range. The grayscale value of the highest grayscale area is lower than the upper limit of the preset grayscale range, and the grayscale value of the lowest grayscale area is higher than the lower limit of the preset grayscale range.

[0109] 3) In the grayscale image after gridding, the grayscale range is less than the given grayscale range.

[0110] Provided that condition 1) is met, meeting either condition 2) or 3) is sufficient to determine that the conical surface is qualified. Based on this, the conical surface with the lowest quality and the greatest surface undulation among the qualified conical surfaces is taken as the reference conical surface, which is also the worst-case qualified conical surface that can be tolerated in practice. Step S47 indirectly limits the maximum protrusion height of any protrusion that is allowed on a qualified conical surface, and step S48 indirectly limits the maximum depression depth that is allowed on a qualified conical surface.

[0111] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 The diagram illustrates the deployment of a tool kit for detecting conical surfaces to inspect the outer conical surface located at the end of the slicer spindle 20. The spindle end 21 of the slicer spindle 20 protrudes outward along the axis to form a conical boss 22. The conical boss 22 is coaxially arranged with the slicer spindle 20. The conical surface 60 to be tested on the slicer spindle 20, i.e., the outer conical surface at the end of the slicer spindle 20, is the outer peripheral wall of the conical boss 22. The first light-transmitting element 101 for detecting the outer conical surface has a sleeve-like structure, including a conical cylinder 11 sleeved on the outer peripheral wall of the conical boss 22 and an end cap 12 fixed to one end of the conical cylinder 11. After the conical cylinder 11 is sleeved on the conical boss 22, the end cap 12 is arranged opposite to the end face of the conical boss 22.

[0112] Furthermore, the end cap 12 has a through hole, and the end face of the tapered boss 22 has a threaded hole 24 that communicates with the through hole. Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, the pressure loading component is a fixing pin (not shown). The fixing pin includes a threaded rod and a head fixed to one end of the rod. The rod extends spirally into the threaded hole 24 at the shaft end after passing through the through hole and is fixedly connected to the conical boss 22. The head is located on the side of the end cap 12 away from the end face of the conical boss 22 and presses the end cap 12 tightly and fixes it to the conical boss 22. As a result, a contact pressure is generated between the inner peripheral wall of the conical cylinder 11 and the outer peripheral wall of the conical boss 22. As the depth of the rod extending into the conical boss 22 is changed, the pressure of the head acting on the end cap 12 and the contact pressure between the inner peripheral wall of the conical cylinder 11 and the outer peripheral wall of the conical boss 22 change accordingly.

[0113] For the first light-transmitting component 101 that adapts to the outer conical surface, the conical surface adapter 103 and the light guide 104 together constitute the conical cylinder 11. The conical surface adapter 103 is used to form the inner peripheral wall of the conical cylinder 11, and the light guide 104 is used to form the outer peripheral wall of the conical cylinder 11. The inner conical surface of the conical surface adapter 103 is used to fit against the outer peripheral wall of the conical boss 22, and the outer conical surface of the conical surface adapter 103 is tightly fitted and fixed to the light guide 104. When the pressure loading member is adjusted so that the first light-transmitting member 101 applies pressure to the conical boss 22, the force of the conical boss 22 acting on the first light-transmitting member 101 presses the conical surface adapter 103 and the light guide 104 in a direction perpendicular to the outer conical surface of the conical boss 22. As a result, many pressure points are generated on the side of the light guide 104 that is in contact with the conical surface adapter 103. These pressure points correspond to the local protrusions / micro-protrusions on the outer conical surface of the conical boss 22.

[0114] The light-emitting element 30 for generating test light can be disposed on the side of the end cap 12 that is relatively away from the end face of the conical boss 22, and is disposed opposite to the end of the conical cylinder 11. The test light can enter the light guide 104 through the end of the light guide 104 that is relatively away from the end 21 of the main shaft of the slicer 20, and then reach the side of the light guide 104 that is in contact with the conical adapter 103. The camera 40 can be disposed on the outer side of the outer peripheral wall of the conical cylinder 11, and the optical axis of the lens of the camera 40 can be set to point towards the axis of the main shaft of the slicer 20, so that the lens of the camera 40 can face the interface between the light guide 104 and the conical adapter 103.

[0115] Specifically, step S10 also includes:

[0116] S11. A first light-transmitting element 101 is fitted onto the main shaft 20 of the slicer so that the inner conical surface of the first light-transmitting element 101 is in contact with the outer conical surface of the main shaft 20 of the slicer, and the conical surface adapter 103 of the first light-transmitting element 101 forms the inner conical surface of the first light-transmitting element 101.

[0117] Step S20 includes:

[0118] S21. Use a torque tool to screw the fixing pin into the slicer spindle 20, and press the first light-transmitting element 101 against the slicer spindle 20 through the head of the fixing pin.

[0119] Step S32 specifically includes:

[0120] S321. A camera 40 is arranged on the outer side of the outer peripheral wall of the first light-transmitting element 101 so that the lens of the camera 40 points to the outer conical surface of the slicer spindle 20.

[0121] S322, drive at least one of the slicer spindle 20 and the camera 40 to rotate at least one revolution relative to the other about the axis of the slicer spindle 20, during which the camera 40 photographs the outer conical surface of the slicer spindle 20.

[0122] Regarding step S322, the slicer spindle 20 and the camera 40 can be rotated simultaneously, or only one of the slicer spindle 20 and the camera 40 can be rotated. As long as the slicer spindle 20 and the camera 40 rotate relative to each other at least one revolution around the axis of the slicer spindle 20, the camera 40 can obtain a complete interface image.

[0123] Personnel can use a torque tool to screw a fixing pin or other type of pressure loading component into the slicer spindle 20 or the conical boss 22, and adjust the depth of the pressure loading component screwed into the slicer spindle 20 or the conical boss 22 by using the torque tool, thereby precisely adjusting the pressure of the pressure loading component acting on the first light-transmitting component 101, and thus precisely adjusting the contact pressure between the conical adapter 103 and the outer peripheral wall of the conical boss 22.

[0124] Furthermore, step S322 also includes:

[0125] S3221, The first light-transmitting element 101 is fixed relative to the slicer spindle 20 so that the first light-transmitting element 101 rotates synchronously with the slicer spindle 20 relative to the camera 40.

[0126] S3222, the camera 40 and the light-emitting element 30 used to generate test light are fixed relative to each other, so that the light-emitting element 30 rotates relative to the first light-transmitting element 101 about the axis of the slicer spindle 20;

[0127] See again Figure 1 The end of the slicer spindle 20 is provided with an annular flange 23 protruding outward along the axial direction. The annular flange 23 surrounds the conical boss 22, and an annular gap is formed between the outer conical surface of the conical boss 22 and the inner side of the annular flange 23. Therefore, step S11 further includes:

[0128] S111. A first light-transmitting element 101 is fitted onto the conical boss 22 so that the inner conical surface of the first light-transmitting element 101 fits against the outer conical surface of the conical boss 22.

[0129] S112. Place one end of the first light-transmitting element 101 that is relatively close to the end of the slicer spindle 20 in the annular gap between the outer conical surface of the conical boss 22 and the inner peripheral wall of the annular flange 23.

[0130] Therefore, the annular flange 23 can help limit and fix the light-transmitting component 10, ensuring that sufficient contact pressure can be generated between the cone surface 60 to be tested and the cone surface adapter 103, and avoiding misjudgment of the cone surface 60 to be tested due to insufficient contact pressure between the two.

[0131] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2The deployment of a conical surface inspection tool kit for inspecting the conical surface 60 located in the slicer shaft box 50 is shown. The slicer shaft box 50 has a conical groove 51. The conical surface 60 to be inspected in the slicer shaft box 50 is the inner conical surface of the conical groove 51. The second light-transmitting element 102 used for inspecting the inner conical surface has a sleeve-shaped structure, including a conical cylinder 11 attached to the inner peripheral wall of the conical groove 51 and an end cap 12 disposed opposite to the bottom of the conical groove 51.

[0132] Furthermore, the end cap 12 has a through hole, and the slicer shaft box 50 has a groove bottom threaded hole 52 opened at the bottom of the conical groove 51. Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, the pressure loading component is a fixing nail (not shown). The fixing nail includes a threaded rod and a head fixed to one end of the rod. The rod extends spirally into the threaded hole 52 at the bottom of the groove after passing through the through hole, and is fixedly connected to the slicer shaft box 50. The head is located on the side of the end cover 12 away from the bottom of the conical groove 51, and presses the end cover 12 tightly and fixes it to the bottom of the conical groove 51. As a result, a contact pressure is generated between the outer peripheral wall of the conical cylinder 11 and the inner peripheral wall of the conical groove 51. As the depth of the rod extending into the threaded hole 52 at the bottom of the groove is changed, the pressure of the head acting on the end cover 12 and the contact pressure between the outer peripheral wall of the conical cylinder 11 and the inner peripheral wall of the conical groove 51 change accordingly.

[0133] For the second light-transmitting element 102 that adapts to the inner conical surface, the conical surface adapter 103 and the light guide 104 together constitute a conical cylinder 11. The conical surface adapter 103 forms the outer peripheral wall of the conical cylinder 11, and the light guide 104 forms the inner peripheral wall of the conical cylinder 11. The outer conical surface of the conical surface adapter 103 is used to fit against the inner conical surface of the slicer shaft box 50, and the inner conical surface of the conical surface adapter 103 is tightly fitted and fixed to the light guide 104. When the pressure loading member is adjusted so that the second light-transmitting element 102 applies pressure to the slicer shaft box 50, the force of the inner peripheral wall of the conical groove 51 acting on the second light-transmitting element 102 squeezes the conical surface adapter 103 and the light guide 104. As a result, many pressure points are generated on the side of the light guide 104 that fits against the conical surface adapter 103. These pressure points correspond to local protrusions / micro-protrusions on the inner conical surface of the conical groove 51.

[0134] Specifically, step S10 also includes:

[0135] S12. A second light-transmitting element 102 is installed into the conical groove 51 of the slicer shaft box 50 so that the outer conical surface of the second light-transmitting element 102 fits against the inner conical surface of the conical groove 51 of the slicer shaft box 50, and the conical surface adapter 103 of the second light-transmitting element 102 forms the outer conical surface of the second light-transmitting element 102.

[0136] Step S20 also includes:

[0137] S22. Use a torque tool to screw the fixing pin into the slicer shaft box 50, and press the second light-transmitting element 102 into the slicer shaft box 50 through the head of the fixing pin.

[0138] Step S32 also includes:

[0139] S323. A camera 40 is arranged on the inner side of the inner peripheral wall of the second light-transmitting element 102 so that the lens of the camera 40 points to the inner conical surface of the conical groove 51 of the slicer shaft box 50, and the light guide part 104 of the second light-transmitting element 102 forms the inner peripheral wall of the second light-transmitting element 102.

[0140] S324, drive at least one of the slicer shaft box 50 and the camera 40 to rotate at least one revolution relative to the other about the axis of the conical groove 51, during which the camera 40 photographs the inner conical surface of the conical groove 51 of the slicer shaft box 50.

[0141] Regarding step S324, the slicer shaft box 50 and the camera 40 can be rotated simultaneously, or only one of the slicer shaft box 50 and the camera 40 can be rotated. As long as the slicer shaft box 50 and the camera 40 rotate relative to each other at least one revolution around the axis of the conical groove 51, the camera 40 can obtain a complete interface image.

[0142] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0143] Those skilled in the art should recognize that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any appropriate changes and variations made to the above embodiments within the essential spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for detecting a tapered surface, the method being directed to a tapered surface (60) to be detected, which includes an inner tapered surface of a microtome arbor box (50) and an outer tapered surface of a microtome spindle (20), characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: A. A light-transmitting part (10) is matched with a to-be-tested conical surface (60), the light-transmitting part (10) comprises a conical surface adapting part (103) which is in contact with the to-be-tested conical surface (60) and a light-guiding part (104) which conducts test light; the conical surface adapting part (103) is in contact with the light-guiding part (104), the conical surface adapting part (103) has a higher optical density and refractive index than the light-guiding part (104), and the side of the conical surface adapting part (103) which is away from the light-guiding part (104) has a reference conical surface with the same taper as the to-be-tested conical surface (60), and the test light entering the light-guiding part (104) will be totally internally reflected in the light-guiding part (104); B. Force is applied to the structure to which the to-be-tested conical surface (60) belongs and / or the light-transmitting part (10) so that contact pressure is generated between the conical surface adapting part (103) and the to-be-tested conical surface (60); C. The test light is projected to the side of the light-guiding part (104) which is in contact with the conical surface adapting part (103), wherein the angle of the test light relative to the side of the light-guiding part (104) which is in contact with the conical surface adapting part (103) is smaller than the complementary angle of the critical angle of the light-guiding part (104); when the to-be-tested conical surface (60) has a protrusion, the total internal reflection of the test light incident to the light-guiding part (104) near the pressure point is inhibited, and diffuse reflection occurs near the pressure point, at this time, the light-transmitting part (10) is observed from the side of the light-guiding part (104) which is away from the conical surface adapting part (103), and a light spot formed by the diffuse reflection light near the pressure point of the light-guiding part (104) can be seen; when the to-be-tested conical surface (60) has a depression, when the test light is incident to the light-guiding part (104) of the depression of the to-be-tested conical surface (60), no obvious diffuse reflection occurs, and the brightness of the light spot is lower than that of the light spot near the pressure point of the light-guiding part (104); step C further comprises step C2, a camera (40) photographs the boundary surface of the light-guiding part (104) and the conical surface adapting part (103) to obtain a target image; D. The boundary surface light spot of the light-guiding part (104) and the conical surface adapting part (103) is observed, if the brightness of the boundary surface light spot is in a preset brightness interval, it is determined that the to-be-tested conical surface (60) is qualified, otherwise it is determined that the to-be-tested conical surface (60) is unqualified, wherein the boundary surface of the light-guiding part (104) and the conical surface adapting part (103) is the area where the light-guiding part (104) and the conical surface adapting part (103) are in contact with each other; The light-transmitting part (10) matched with the to-be-tested conical surface (60) in step A comprises a conical surface adapting part (103) which is in contact with the to-be-tested conical surface (60) and a light-guiding part (104) which conducts test light, and the light-transmitting part (10) comprises the following steps: A1. A first light-transmitting part (101) is sleeved on the main shaft (20) of the slicing machine so that the inner conical surface of the first light-transmitting part (101) is in contact with the outer conical surface of the main shaft (20) of the slicing machine, and the conical surface adapting part (103) of the first light-transmitting part (101) forms the inner conical surface of the first light-transmitting part (101). A2, fill the taper groove (51) of the microtome spindle box (50) with the second light-transmitting piece (102) so that the outer taper surface of the second light-transmitting piece (102) is attached to the inner taper surface of the taper groove (51) of the microtome spindle box (50), and the taper surface adaptation part (103) of the second light-transmitting piece (102) forms the outer taper surface of the second light-transmitting piece (102); The step C2 comprises: the camera (40) photographs the boundary surface of the light guide part (104) and the taper surface adaptation part (103), and obtains a target image, which comprises: C21, arranging the camera (40) on the outside of the outer peripheral wall of the first light-transmitting piece (101) so that the lens of the camera (40) points to the outer taper surface of the microtome main shaft (20), and the light guide part (104) of the first light-transmitting piece (101) forms the outer taper surface of the first light-transmitting piece (101); C22, driving at least one of the microtome main shaft (20) and the camera (40) to rotate at least one circle around the axis of the microtome main shaft (20) relative to the other, during which the camera (40) photographs the outer taper surface of the microtome main shaft (20); C23, arranging the camera (40) on the inside of the inner peripheral wall of the second light-transmitting piece (102) so that the lens of the camera (40) points to the inner taper surface of the taper groove (51) of the microtome spindle box (50), and the light guide part (104) of the second light-transmitting piece (102) forms the inner peripheral wall of the second light-transmitting piece (102); C24, driving at least one of the microtome spindle box (50) and the camera (40) to rotate at least one circle around the axis of the taper groove (51) relative to the other, during which the camera (40) photographs the inner taper surface of the taper groove (51) of the microtome spindle box (50).

2. The cone detection method of claim 1, wherein Step D observes the boundary surface light spot of the light guide part (104) and the taper surface adaptation part (103), if the brightness of the boundary surface light spot is in the preset brightness interval, it is determined that the to-be-tested taper surface (60) is qualified, otherwise it is determined that the to-be-tested taper surface (60) is unqualified, which comprises: D1, if there is a region with a brightness lower than the lower limit of the preset brightness interval in the boundary surface light spot, it is determined that there is a depression in the to-be-tested taper surface (60) corresponding to the region; D2, if there is a region with a brightness higher than the upper limit of the preset brightness interval in the boundary surface light spot, it is determined that there is a protrusion in the to-be-tested taper surface (60) corresponding to the region.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein Step C tests the projection of test light to the side of the light guide part (104) contacting the taper surface adaptation part (103), wherein the inclination angle of the test light relative to the side of the light guide part (104) contacting the taper surface adaptation part (103) is smaller than the complementary angle of the critical angle of the light guide part (104), which comprises: C1, obtaining a gray-scale image of the boundary surface of the light guide part (104) and the taper surface adaptation part (103); Step D observes the boundary surface light spot of the light guide part (104) and the taper surface adaptation part (103), if the brightness of the boundary surface light spot is in the preset brightness interval, it is determined that the to-be-tested taper surface (60) is qualified, otherwise it is determined that the to-be-tested taper surface (60) is unqualified, which comprises: D3, if the gray scale of the boundary surface light spot is in the preset gray scale interval, it is determined that the to-be-tested taper surface (60) is qualified, otherwise it is determined that the to-be-tested taper surface (60) is unqualified.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein Step D observes the interface light spot between the light guide part (104) and the taper surface adapting part (103), if the interface light spot brightness is in the preset brightness interval, it is determined that the measured taper surface (60) is qualified, otherwise it is determined that the measured taper surface (60) is unqualified, including: D4, grid processing the gray image of the interface to obtain a plurality of sub-regions; D5, the gray value difference calculation of the gray maximum sub-region and the gray minimum sub-region is obtained, and the gray range is obtained; D6, if the gray range is less than the given gray range, it is determined that the measured taper surface (60) is qualified, otherwise it is determined that the measured taper surface (60) is unqualified.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein Step C tests the light projection to the light guide part (104) contacting the taper surface adapting part (103) on one side, wherein the inclination angle of the test light relative to the side of the light guide part (104) contacting the taper surface adapting part (103) is less than the complementary angle of the critical angle of the light guide part (104), including: C3, the image recognition processing system analyzes the target image, and compares the target image with the reference image of the reference taper surface, and the reference image includes the interface light spot between the light guide part (104) and the taper surface adapting part (103) when the measured taper surface (60) is a qualified taper surface; Step D observes the interface light spot between the light guide part (104) and the taper surface adapting part (103), if the interface light spot brightness is in the preset brightness interval, it is determined that the measured taper surface (60) is qualified, otherwise it is determined that the measured taper surface (60) is unqualified, including: D7, if the target image has an area whose light spot brightness is higher than the brightness of the brightest area in the reference image, it is determined that the measured taper surface (60) corresponding to the area has a protrusion; and / or, D8, if the target image has an area whose light spot brightness is lower than the brightness of the darkest area in the reference image, it is determined that the measured taper surface (60) corresponding to the area has a depression.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein Step B applies force to the structure to which the measured taper surface (60) belongs and / or the light-transmitting piece (10) to generate contact pressure between the taper surface adapting part (103) and the measured taper surface (60), including: B1, using a torque tool to screw a fixing nail into the microtome spindle (20), and pressing the first light-transmitting piece (101) against the microtome spindle (20) through the head of the fixing nail.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein Step C22 drives at least one of the microtome spindle (20) and the camera (40) to rotate at least one revolution relative to the other around the axis of the microtome spindle (20) during which the camera (40) photographs the outer taper surface of the microtome spindle (20), including: C221, the first light-transmitting piece (101) is fixed relative to the microtome spindle (20) so that the first light-transmitting piece (101) rotates synchronously with the microtome spindle (20) relative to the camera (40); C222, the camera (40) and the light-emitting piece (30) for generating test light are fixed relative to each other so that the light-emitting piece (30) rotates relative to the first light-transmitting piece (101) around the axis of the microtome spindle (20); and / or, The end of the microtome spindle (20) is axially provided with a conical boss (22) and an annular flange (23) surrounding the conical boss (22), step A1 sets the first light-transmitting piece (101) on the microtome spindle (20) so that the inner conical surface of the first light-transmitting piece (101) is fitted on the outer conical surface of the microtome spindle (20), the conical surface adaptation part (103) of the first light-transmitting piece (101) forms the inner conical surface of the first light-transmitting piece (101), comprising: A11, set the first light-transmitting piece (101) on the conical boss (22) so that the inner conical surface of the first light-transmitting piece (101) is fitted on the outer conical surface of the conical boss (22); A12, place the first light-transmitting piece (101) relative to the end of the microtome spindle (21) between the outer conical surface of the conical boss (22) and the inner circumferential wall of the annular flange (23).

8. The method of claim 1, wherein, Step B applies force to the structure and / or light-transmitting piece (10) to which the to-be-tested conical surface (60) belongs, so that the contact pressure between the conical surface adaptation part (103) and the to-be-tested conical surface (60) is generated, comprising: B2, use a torque tool to screw the fixing nail into the microtome spindle box (50), and press the second light-transmitting piece (102) against the microtome spindle box (50) through the head of the fixing nail.

9. A tool set for taper detection, for carrying out the taper detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The light-transmitting piece (10) includes a conical surface adaptation part (103) that contacts the to-be-tested conical surface (60) and a light guide part (104) that conducts test light, the pressure loading piece connects the light-transmitting piece (10) and the structure to which the to-be-tested conical surface (60) belongs, the light-emitting piece (30) irradiates the light guide part (104), and the camera (40) photographs the boundary surface between the light guide part (104) and the conical surface adaptation part (103).

Images