A carbon emission determination method and a cloud storage system

Abstract

The one or more embodiments of the specification provide a carbon emission determination method and a cloud storage system, the cloud storage system comprises a plurality of cloud storage units, the cloud storage system interfaces a plurality of users, each user rents at least one cloud storage unit; in the case that the user reads and writes the rented cloud storage unit, the read-write rate of the cloud storage unit is recorded; for each cloud storage unit, based on the read-write rate of the cloud storage unit, the carbon emission generated by the cloud storage unit is determined; the carbon emission generated by the cloud storage unit includes: basic carbon emission and incremental carbon emission; the basic carbon emission is used to represent the carbon emission generated by the cloud storage unit in the case of no read-write; the size of the incremental carbon emission is proportional to the read-write rate of the cloud storage unit; for each user, based on the carbon emission generated by each cloud storage unit rented by the user, the carbon emission generated by the user is determined.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to one or more embodiments in the field of cloud computing technology, and more particularly to a method for determining carbon emissions and a cloud storage system. Background Technology

[0002] With "carbon neutrality" becoming a key development goal in my country, companies are actively working to control their carbon emissions. However, the prerequisite for effective carbon emission control is accurate measurement of carbon emissions.

[0003] For cloud storage systems, since the cloud storage units in the system are rented to users, it is necessary to allocate the carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage system to the users who rent it. However, there is currently a lack of a method that can accurately calculate the carbon emissions generated by users using the cloud storage system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, one or more embodiments of this specification provide a method for determining carbon emissions and a cloud storage system.

[0005] According to a first aspect of one or more embodiments of this specification, a method for determining carbon emissions is proposed, applied to a cloud storage system, the cloud storage system including multiple cloud storage units, the cloud storage system connecting to multiple users, each user renting at least one cloud storage unit; the method includes:

[0006] Record the read and write speed of the rented cloud storage unit when the user reads and writes to it.

[0007] For each cloud storage unit, the carbon emissions generated by that cloud storage unit are determined based on its read / write rate. The carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit include: basic carbon emissions and incremental carbon emissions. The basic carbon emissions characterize the carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit when it is not performing read / write operations. The incremental carbon emissions characterize the carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit during read / write operations, and the magnitude of the incremental carbon emissions is proportional to the read / write rate of the cloud storage unit.

[0008] For each user, the carbon emissions generated by that user are determined based on the carbon emissions generated by each cloud storage unit rented by that user.

[0009] According to a second aspect of one or more embodiments of this specification, a cloud storage system is provided, the cloud storage system comprising a plurality of cloud storage units, the cloud storage system connecting to a plurality of users, each user renting at least one cloud storage unit;

[0010] The management module of the cloud storage system executes the carbon emission determination method described above.

[0011] According to a third aspect of the embodiments of this specification, a carbon emission determination apparatus is provided, applied to a cloud storage system, the cloud storage system including multiple cloud storage units, the cloud storage system connecting to multiple users, each user renting at least one cloud storage unit; the apparatus includes:

[0012] The read / write rate recording module is used to record the read / write rate of the rented cloud storage unit when the user reads and writes to it.

[0013] A cloud storage unit carbon emission determination module is used to determine the carbon emissions generated by each cloud storage unit based on its read / write rate. The carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit include: a base carbon emission and an incremental carbon emission. The base carbon emission characterizes the carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit when it is not performing read / write operations. The incremental carbon emission characterizes the carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit during read / write operations, and the magnitude of the incremental carbon emission is proportional to the read / write rate of the cloud storage unit.

[0014] The user carbon emission determination module is used to determine the carbon emissions generated by each user based on the carbon emissions generated by each cloud storage unit rented by that user.

[0015] According to a fourth aspect of the embodiments of this specification, a computer-readable storage medium is provided that stores computer instructions thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implement the carbon emission determination method described above.

[0016] According to a fifth aspect of the embodiments of this specification, a computer device is provided, the computer device comprising:

[0017] processor;

[0018] Memory used to store processor-executable instructions;

[0019] The processor implements the carbon emission determination method described above by running the executable instructions.

[0020] According to a sixth aspect of the embodiments of this specification, a computer program is provided that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for determining carbon emissions.

[0021] This specification provides one or more embodiments of a method for determining carbon emissions and a cloud storage system, applied to a cloud storage system comprising multiple cloud storage units and connecting to multiple users, each user renting at least one cloud storage unit. When a user reads and writes to a rented cloud storage unit, the read / write rate of that cloud storage unit is recorded. For each cloud storage unit, the carbon emissions generated by that cloud storage unit are determined based on its read / write rate. The carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit include: a base carbon emission and an incremental carbon emission. The base carbon emission characterizes the carbon emissions generated when the cloud storage unit is not reading or writing; the incremental carbon emission characterizes the carbon emissions generated during the read / write process of the cloud storage unit, and the magnitude of the incremental carbon emission is proportional to the read / write rate of the cloud storage unit. For each user, the carbon emissions generated by that user are determined based on the carbon emissions generated by each cloud storage unit rented by that user.

[0022] Using the above method, the carbon emissions of each cloud storage unit were calculated based on actual conditions, and the carbon emissions of each user were calculated according to the rental relationship between the user and the cloud storage system. Compared with related technologies that only allocate carbon emissions based on the amount of storage, this method takes into account the impact of read and write speeds on carbon emissions, making the calculated carbon emissions for each user more accurate and thus providing users with a better experience.

[0023] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this specification. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this specification and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this specification.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining carbon emissions according to an exemplary embodiment of this specification.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a block diagram illustrating a carbon emission determination device according to an exemplary embodiment of this specification.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a hardware structure diagram of a computer device containing a carbon emission determination device according to an exemplary embodiment of this specification. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with one or more embodiments of this specification. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of one or more embodiments of this specification as detailed in the appended claims.

[0029] It should be noted that the steps of the corresponding methods are not necessarily performed in the order shown and described in this specification in other embodiments. In some other embodiments, the methods may include more or fewer steps than described in this specification. Furthermore, a single step described in this specification may be broken down into multiple steps in other embodiments; and multiple steps described in this specification may be combined into a single step in other embodiments.

[0030] To illustrate the embodiments of this specification, the following two concepts will be introduced first:

[0031] Cloud computing is a distributed storage computing approach. It typically involves service providers offering a large number of rentable computing devices, which users can then rent to perform their calculations. Cloud storage is a branch of cloud computing, where service providers offer storage space of varying specifications and read speeds, which users can then rent. Cloud storage includes various types, such as block storage, object storage, and file storage.

[0032] A carbon trading system is a market trading system aimed at controlling greenhouse gas emissions, using greenhouse gas emission allowances or greenhouse gas emission reduction credits as the underlying asset. To protect the environment and limit the carbon emissions of individual companies, the carbon trading system restricts their carbon emissions.

[0033] With the improvement of the carbon trading system, accurate carbon emission data is needed to reduce costs and control emissions. However, unlike other manufacturing industries, for cloud computing service providers, a portion of their carbon emissions comes from users renting cloud services (carbon emissions generated by the rented services) and another portion from the service provider's operations. For example, if a user rents a block device (the smallest unit of measurement that can be rented by a user) from a block storage service, the carbon emissions generated by that block device are actually generated by the user, not by the cloud computing service provider.

[0034] Therefore, cloud computing service providers need to allocate the carbon emissions generated by their cloud services to users who rent these services. These users are typically other companies, and informing each user of their specific carbon emissions allows for better control over their emissions. The following section will explain how cloud storage (a type of cloud computing service) allocates carbon emissions to users.

[0035] The common method in related technologies for calculating the carbon emissions of each user renting cloud storage services is to allocate the total carbon emissions of each storage cluster to each user based on the amount of storage. For example, if the total carbon emissions of a cluster are S, and two users rent the cluster, with one user renting one-third of the storage space (should have carbon emissions of S / 3) and the other user renting two-thirds (should have carbon emissions of 2S / 3), then this user's carbon emissions are calculated as 2S / 3. In this method, each cloud storage unit generates the same amount of carbon emissions.

[0036] However, in practice, it has been found that the carbon emissions per user calculated in this way are inaccurate.

[0037] The reason for the above problems is that, in practice, it has been found that clusters with different read / write speeds generate different amounts of carbon emissions (i.e., power consumption); the faster the read / write speed, the higher the carbon emissions. Therefore, in order to accurately calculate the carbon emissions of each user renting a cloud storage system, the impact of read speed on carbon emissions needs to be considered.

[0038] Considering that for all cloud storage units (the smallest unit that can be rented by users in a cloud storage system, and users can obtain cloud storage space by renting one or more cloud storage units), a certain amount of carbon emissions is generated regardless of whether data is being read or written (hereinafter referred to as basic carbon emissions). For cloud storage units that are being read or written, the higher the read / write speed, the higher the carbon emissions generated, and the read / write speed is directly proportional to the additional carbon emissions generated; therefore, cloud storage units that are being read or written also generate a certain amount of additional carbon emissions (hereinafter referred to as incremental carbon emissions), and the magnitude of incremental carbon emissions is directly proportional to the read / write speed of the cloud storage unit.

[0039] In this way, the carbon emissions of each cloud storage unit can be calculated based on the read and write speed of the records, and for each user, the carbon emissions of each cloud storage unit rented by that user can be summed to determine the carbon emissions generated by that user's rental of cloud storage services.

[0040] In other words, one or more embodiments of this specification provide a method for determining carbon emissions and a cloud storage system, applied to a cloud storage system comprising multiple cloud storage units, the cloud storage system connecting to multiple users, each user renting at least one cloud storage unit; when a user reads and writes to the rented cloud storage unit, the read / write rate of the cloud storage unit is recorded; for each cloud storage unit, the carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit are determined based on the read / write rate of the cloud storage unit; wherein, the carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit include: basic carbon emissions and incremental carbon emissions; the basic carbon emissions are used to characterize the carbon emissions generated when the cloud storage unit does not perform read / write operations; the incremental carbon emissions are used to characterize the carbon emissions generated during the read / write process of the cloud storage unit, and the magnitude of the incremental carbon emissions is proportional to the read / write rate of the cloud storage unit; for each user, the carbon emissions generated by the user are determined based on the carbon emissions generated by each cloud storage unit rented by the user.

[0041] Using the above method, the carbon emissions of each cloud storage unit were calculated based on actual conditions, and the carbon emissions of each user were calculated according to the rental relationship between the user and the cloud storage system. Compared with related technologies that only allocate carbon emissions based on the amount of storage, this method takes into account the impact of read and write speeds on carbon emissions, making the calculated carbon emissions for each user more accurate and thus providing users with a better experience.

[0042] The following section will describe one method for determining carbon emissions as shown in this specification.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This specification is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining carbon emissions according to an exemplary embodiment, including:

[0044] Step 101: When the user reads and writes to the rented cloud storage unit, record the read and write speed of the cloud storage unit.

[0045] Before explaining step 101, let's first introduce the application scenario of this solution. This solution can be applied to cloud storage systems. As mentioned above, a cloud storage system is a system that provides cloud storage services. This system is provided by a service provider, and users can rent storage space on this system. Specifically, a cloud storage system can be block storage, object storage, etc. This manual does not limit the specific form of the cloud storage system.

[0046] A cloud storage system comprises several cloud storage units, which are the smallest units that a user can rent (for example, in block storage, a cloud storage unit can be a block device). These units are also the smallest units by which the cloud storage system manages its own storage space. In other words, the cloud storage system connects to multiple users, and each user rents at least one cloud storage unit. Users rent different numbers of cloud storage units to access storage space of varying sizes.

[0047] After introducing the cloud storage system, step 101 will be explained in detail.

[0048] Specifically, in order to accurately calculate the carbon emissions for each user, step 101 first requires determining the read and write rates of each cloud storage unit at different times, so that the calculated carbon emissions can be more accurate.

[0049] Here, "user" refers to a user who rents a cloud storage system, that is, a user of cloud storage services. The cloud storage unit rented by a user refers to any cloud storage unit rented by the user. In other words, whenever a cloud storage unit is read from or written to, the cloud storage system needs to record the read / write rate of that unit at every moment. It should be noted that cloud storage systems generally record the read / write rate of cloud storage units when they are being read from or written to; therefore, step 101 can utilize methods for obtaining and saving the read / write rate of cloud storage units from related technologies.

[0050] Read and write speed can be characterized by IOps (Input Output per second), which represents the number of times a cloud storage unit is read and written per second. Read and write speed can also be characterized by Bps (Bytes per second), which represents the number of bytes read and written to a block device per second.

[0051] In some cases, cloud storage systems record not only the read and write speeds of each cloud storage unit but also its operating mode. Different operating modes characterize different read and write speed levels, and in such cases, the read and write speeds can also be represented by the operating mode. The operating mode is typically selected by the user, and for the same storage capacity, different operating modes generally correspond to different rental fees.

[0052] In other words, recording the read / write rate of the cloud storage unit in step 101 includes recording the read / write rate and operating mode of the cloud storage unit, with different operating modes corresponding to different read / write rate ranges.

[0053] Of course, read and write speeds can also be characterized by other parameters, but this manual does not limit the specific methods for characterizing read and write speeds.

[0054] Step 103: For each cloud storage unit, determine the carbon emissions generated by that cloud storage unit based on its read / write speed.

[0055] The carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit include: basic carbon emissions and incremental carbon emissions; the basic carbon emissions are used to characterize the carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit when it is not reading or writing; the incremental carbon emissions are used to characterize the carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit during the reading and writing process, and the magnitude of the incremental carbon emissions is proportional to the reading and writing rate of the cloud storage unit.

[0056] In step 103, in order to better allocate the corresponding carbon emissions to each user, it is necessary to first determine the carbon emissions corresponding to each cloud storage unit. As mentioned above, the carbon emissions of a cloud storage unit include two parts: one part is the basic carbon emissions generated when the cloud storage unit does not perform any operations, and the other part is the incremental carbon emissions generated by reading and writing.

[0057] The following section will provide a detailed explanation of step 103.

[0058] First, it should be noted that step 103 can be executed at fixed intervals, recording the carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit within those fixed intervals. The fixed interval can be a billing cycle (generally billed quarterly or monthly). Of course, step 103 can also be executed at any time, such as when the service provider or user (i.e., the cloud storage service provider) wants to know the carbon emissions of a particular individual or each user. This specification does not limit the timing of step 103's execution.

[0059] It should also be noted that the reason for calculating the carbon emissions of each cloud storage unit in this specification is that, as mentioned earlier, the cloud storage system is rented by multiple users, thus requiring the calculation of the carbon emissions of each cloud storage unit. If it is only applied to other storage systems (such as storage servers within a company), since all storage space in other storage systems is generally occupied by a single user, and carbon emissions are generally calculated for a specific entity (such as a company or individual), it is only necessary to calculate the carbon emissions of the storage system as a whole, and not the carbon emissions of each cloud storage unit.

[0060] The reason for calculating carbon emissions per storage unit, rather than per user, is that different users rent different numbers of storage units, and the read / write speeds of these units may also differ. Calculating carbon emissions per user directly would require dividing the data into multiple parts with varying read / write speeds. Furthermore, cloud storage systems are typically managed at the cloud storage unit level. Therefore, calculating the carbon emissions of each user by measuring the carbon emissions of each cloud storage unit provides a more convenient and efficient way to determine each user's carbon emissions.

[0061] For cloud storage units, the amount of carbon emissions they generate is linked to the amount of electricity they consume, and the unit for carbon emissions is kgCO2e (kilogram of carbon dioxide emissions).

[0062] Basic carbon emissions are the carbon emissions generated by a cloud storage unit when it is not being read or written. Basic carbon emissions are unrelated to whether the cloud storage unit stores content. As long as the cloud storage unit is running, it will generate basic carbon emissions.

[0063] Considering actual operational conditions, basic carbon emissions generally include the following components: First, the carbon emissions generated by the operation of servers hosting cloud storage units. Second, other carbon emissions generated by the server room, such as the carbon emissions from lights and air conditioners used to cool the servers.

[0064] Incremental carbon emissions refer to the amount of carbon emissions consumed by a cloud storage unit in addition to the basic carbon emissions when it is reading and writing. In practice, it has been found that the magnitude of incremental carbon emissions is directly proportional to the read and write speed of the cloud storage unit.

[0065] It is easy to understand that if a cloud storage unit is not read or written, its incremental carbon emissions are 0.

[0066] Based on the above, assuming the amount of carbon emissions generated by a cloud storage unit at each moment (which can be understood as carbon pricing per unit time) is f(x), then f(x) = kx + b. Here, x represents the read / write rate of the cloud storage unit, a value that varies with time (t), b is the carbon pricing per unit time corresponding to the base carbon emissions, and k is the incremental coefficient.

[0067] Under the above conditions, the carbon emissions generated by each cloud storage unit within period T are...

[0068] As discussed above, determining the carbon emissions generated by each cloud storage unit per unit time requires determining the values ​​of k and b. These values ​​can be determined experimentally. For example, the carbon emissions generated per unit time by a certain idle cluster (a server cluster including several servers) can be statistically analyzed, and this value can be used as b. Furthermore, the carbon emissions of multiple cloud storage units within this idle cluster can be statistically analyzed at preset read / write rates, thereby experimentally determining the magnitude of the incremental coefficient.

[0069] The methods described above for calculating k and b have certain drawbacks, as k and b may differ across time periods. For example, in hot summer weather, electricity consumption is higher, leading to increased baseline carbon emissions. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the carbon emissions of each cloud storage unit for each preset period based on the actual carbon emissions generated. Thus, the following method can be used to calculate carbon emissions more accurately:

[0070] A carbon emission equation for a cloud storage unit is determined; wherein the carbon emission equation is used to characterize the amount of carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit per unit time; the carbon emission equation includes: a base carbon emission and an incremental carbon emission, wherein the incremental carbon emission is the product of an incremental coefficient and a read / write rate, and the base carbon emission and the incremental coefficient are unknown constant values.

[0071] Based on the total electricity generated by the cloud storage system within a preset period, determine the total carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage system within the preset period; based on the carbon emission equation and the read / write rate of each cloud storage unit at different times, determine the sum of carbon emissions generated by all cloud storage units within the preset period.

[0072] Based on the carbon emissions and the total carbon emissions, the basic carbon emissions and incremental coefficients are determined, and based on the carbon emissions equation, the carbon emissions generated by each cloud storage unit within a preset period are determined.

[0073] Specifically, the first step in the above process is to derive the equation f(x) = kx + b, and the second step is to derive the equation (sum of carbon emissions) for the total carbon emissions consumed by all cloud storage units using f(x).

[0074] In the above equation, n is the total number of cloud storage units, and x i That is, the read / write rate of the i-th cloud storage unit, which changes with time t.

[0075] In addition, the total electricity consumed by all devices in the second step also determined the total carbon emissions actually consumed by all cloud storage units.

[0076] The third step involves using the total carbon emissions S and the corresponding equations determined in the second step to solve for k and b. The solution can be obtained by solving for... The value of can also be solved in other ways, which are detailed below and will not be elaborated here.

[0077] It should be noted that although the third step uses a formula to solve for two unknowns, there will generally only be one pair of valid solutions in the result, that is, a solution where both k and b are positive.

[0078] The preset period, as mentioned above, can be a billing period or other periods.

[0079] Regarding the total carbon emissions figure, consider that in some cases, service providers have servers in different regions, such as servers in Beijing and servers in Hangzhou. Users pay different prices to rent servers in different regions, and services in different regions are not interconnected. Furthermore, the carbon emissions per unit of electricity consumed vary across regions (related to the power generation methods in each region). In this case, the total carbon emissions can be calculated for each region individually, that is, by setting up the above formula for each region to solve for k and b. This makes the calculated carbon emissions for each user more accurate.

[0080] In other words, determining the total carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage system within a preset period based on the total electricity generated by the cloud storage system includes: determining the total carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage system within a preset period based on the total electricity generated by the cloud storage system and the carbon emissions per unit of electricity in the region where the cloud storage system is located; the carbon emissions per unit of electricity are different in different regions.

[0081] Of course, the methods for determining k and b are not limited to those described above, and other methods may also be used. This specification does not limit the methods for determining k and b.

[0082] After explaining the calculation method for the carbon emissions of cloud storage units, it is also necessary to explain that in some cases, in addition to recording the read and write speed of cloud storage units, the operating mode of cloud storage units is also recorded. In order to make the calculation of carbon emissions of cloud storage units simpler, the incremental carbon emissions can be determined by the operating mode.

[0083] If carbon emissions are calculated using the equations listed above, then 'x' in these equations can represent different operating modes. That is, 'x' in the equations can be not only IOps / Bps, but also the operating mode.

[0084] In other words, the method for determining the incremental carbon emissions of a cloud storage unit includes: determining the incremental carbon emissions of the cloud storage unit based on its operating mode; wherein, the higher the read / write rate corresponding to the operating mode, the greater the incremental carbon emissions; and when two cloud storage units operate in the same mode, the carbon emissions of the two cloud storage units are the same per unit time.

[0085] The reason why the two cloud storage units operate in the same mode and have the same carbon emissions is that, although there are multiple server clusters in each region, the carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage units within different server clusters may vary due to differences in architecture and machine type. However, users cannot perceive the location of the cloud storage unit they rent; moreover, cloud storage units migrate between different server clusters within the same region. Allocating different carbon emissions to each server cluster would confuse users. Therefore, for a consistent user experience, the differences in carbon emissions caused by different machine architectures need to be imperceptible to users.

[0086] It should also be noted that, when x in the previous formula represents the operating mode, the value of x can be determined by normalizing the possible values ​​of read and write rates under different operating modes. Specifically, first, determine the upper and lower limits of the possible read and write rates under all operating modes, and determine the median value of the read and write rate corresponding to each operating mode; then, based on the determined upper and lower limits, normalize the median value of the read and write rate corresponding to each operating mode to obtain the value of x for each operating mode.

[0087] Step 105: For each user, determine the amount of carbon emissions generated by that user based on the amount of carbon emissions generated by each cloud storage unit rented by that user.

[0088] Specifically, based on each user's rental relationship, the carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit rented by that user can be determined. This allows for an accurate determination of the carbon emissions generated by each user, resulting in a better user experience.

[0089] In addition to accurately determining the carbon emissions generated by each user using cloud storage services, it is also possible to accurately determine the carbon emissions generated by the service provider.

[0090] Specifically, the method for determining the carbon emissions generated by each cloud storage unit in related technologies is to distribute the carbon emissions generated by each cluster equally among the rented cloud storage units in that cluster. In this way, since the proportion of rented cloud storage units in different clusters (within the same server cluster) varies, the carbon emissions borne by a single cloud storage unit in a new cluster are higher (generally, cluster expansion occurs when the existing cluster can no longer meet user demand, and a new cluster is built, which usually results in a lower water level in the new cluster, that is, a lower proportion of rented cloud storage units in the new cluster, so the cloud storage units in the new cluster will be allocated a higher amount of carbon emissions).

[0091] To address the aforementioned issues, some cloud storage units may exist that are not rented. The carbon emissions generated by these cloud storage units are considered part of the service provider's operating costs and should be borne by the service provider.

[0092] Therefore, the method further includes: in the case that there are unrented cloud storage units in the cloud storage system, determining the carbon emissions generated by the unrented cloud storage units, and using the determined carbon emissions as the carbon emissions generated by the service provider corresponding to the cloud storage system.

[0093] This allows us to accurately calculate not only the carbon emissions generated by each user renting cloud storage services, but also the carbon emissions corresponding to the cost of operating the cloud storage system for the service provider.

[0094] The following section will use block storage as an example to illustrate a method for determining carbon emissions as shown in this specification through a specific embodiment.

[0095] To determine the carbon emissions generated by each block device (cloud storage unit) in block storage, the following considerations are taken into account: First, within a metering period, in the same region, with the same product specifications (i.e., storage space size) and under the same usage mode, the carbon emissions consumed by different block devices within the specified time period are the same. Second, the differences in carbon emissions caused by different machine architectures are imperceptible to users when calculating the carbon emissions per unit time for that region. Third, the carbon emissions from unallocated block device space in the cluster are borne by the service provider.

[0096] Based on the above considerations, we can assume that the unit-time carbon price of a block device is f(x), which is also the carbon emissions generated per unit time under operating mode x. For each leased block device, x is a function that varies with time t. For unallocated block devices, their operating mode is fixed for a predetermined time, which is x. def .

[0097] Therefore, within a metering period, the sum of carbon emissions from n block devices (including block devices with fixed operating modes) of the same product specification in a certain region is:

[0098] If the total carbon emissions to be allocated are calculated as S based on equipment power consumption and other factors, then the carbon pricing per unit time f(x) should be such that... The function.

[0099] The reason for using the argmin function is that in some cases, there may be no solution if the sum of carbon emissions equals S. Therefore, the above function is set to make the solution process easier.

[0100] To solve for f(x), considering that in practical applications, the total carbon emissions of two blocks operating in any mode are approximately equal to the carbon emissions of a block operating in the same mode as the sum of the carbon emissions of the two blocks, i.e., f(x) i +x j )=f(x i )+f(x j ).

[0101] Based on the above, it's easy to deduce that carbon emissions are actually directly proportional to the operating mode (read / write rate). In this case, f(x) is a linear function, i.e., f(x) = kx + b.

[0102] In the above circumstances, using The parameters k and b can be obtained by solving.

[0103] Once the parameters k and b are determined, f(x) can be determined, and then the carbon emissions of all block devices in the region can be determined based on the operating modes of different block devices, thereby determining the carbon emissions of each user and service provider.

[0104] Corresponding to the embodiments of the aforementioned methods, this specification also provides a cloud storage system, which includes multiple cloud storage units and connects to multiple users, with each user renting at least one cloud storage unit;

[0105] The management module of the cloud storage system executes the carbon emission determination method described above, that is, it performs the following steps:

[0106] Record the read and write speed of the rented cloud storage unit when the user reads and writes to it.

[0107] For each cloud storage unit, the carbon emissions generated by that cloud storage unit are determined based on its read / write rate. The carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit include: basic carbon emissions and incremental carbon emissions. The basic carbon emissions characterize the carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit when it is not performing read / write operations. The incremental carbon emissions characterize the carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit during read / write operations, and the magnitude of the incremental carbon emissions is proportional to the read / write rate of the cloud storage unit.

[0108] For each user, the carbon emissions generated by that user are determined based on the carbon emissions generated by each cloud storage unit rented by that user.

[0109] In an optional embodiment, the management module further performs the following: if there are unrented cloud storage units in the cloud storage system, determine the carbon emissions generated by the unrented cloud storage units, and use the determined carbon emissions as the carbon emissions generated by the service provider corresponding to the cloud storage system.

[0110] In an optional embodiment, recording the read / write rate of the cloud storage unit includes: recording the read / write rate and operating mode of the cloud storage unit, with different operating modes corresponding to different read / write rate ranges; the method for determining the incremental carbon emissions of the cloud storage unit includes: determining the incremental carbon emissions of the cloud storage unit based on its operating mode; wherein, the higher the read / write rate corresponding to the operating mode, the greater the incremental carbon emissions; when two cloud storage units have the same operating mode, the carbon emissions of the two cloud storage units are the same per unit time.

[0111] In an optional embodiment, determining the carbon emissions generated by each cloud storage unit based on its read / write rate includes: determining a carbon emission equation for the cloud storage unit; wherein the carbon emission equation characterizes the carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit per unit time; the carbon emission equation includes: a base carbon emission and an incremental carbon emission, wherein the incremental carbon emission is the product of an incremental coefficient and the read / write rate, and the base carbon emission and the incremental coefficient are unknown constant values; determining the total carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage system within a preset period based on the total electricity generated within the preset period; determining the sum of carbon emissions generated by all cloud storage units within the preset period based on the carbon emission equation and the read / write rate of each cloud storage unit at different times; determining the base carbon emission and the incremental coefficient based on the sum of carbon emissions and the total carbon emissions, and determining the carbon emissions generated by each cloud storage unit within the preset period based on the carbon emission equation.

[0112] In an optional embodiment, determining the total carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage system within a preset period based on the total electricity generated by the cloud storage system includes: determining the total carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage system within a preset period based on the total electricity generated by the cloud storage system and the carbon emissions per unit of electricity in the region where the cloud storage system is located; the carbon emissions per unit of electricity are different in different regions.

[0113] Corresponding to the embodiments of the foregoing methods, this specification also provides embodiments of the apparatus and the terminal to which it is applied.

[0114] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This specification is a block diagram illustrating a carbon emission determination device according to an exemplary embodiment, applied to a cloud storage system. The cloud storage system includes multiple cloud storage units and connects to multiple users, each user renting at least one cloud storage unit. The device includes:

[0115] The read / write rate recording module 210 is used to record the read / write rate of the rented cloud storage unit when the user reads and writes to the cloud storage unit.

[0116] The cloud storage unit carbon emission determination module 220 is used to determine the carbon emissions generated by each cloud storage unit based on its read / write rate. The carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit include: a base carbon emission and an incremental carbon emission. The base carbon emission characterizes the carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit when it is not performing read / write operations. The incremental carbon emission characterizes the carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit during read / write operations, and the magnitude of the incremental carbon emission is proportional to the read / write rate of the cloud storage unit.

[0117] User carbon emission determination module 230 is used to determine the carbon emission amount generated by each user based on the carbon emission amount generated by each cloud storage unit rented by the user.

[0118] In an optional embodiment, the apparatus further includes a service provider carbon emission determination module 240 (not shown in the figure), used to determine the carbon emissions generated by the unrented cloud storage units in the cloud storage system, and to use the determined carbon emissions as the carbon emissions generated by the service provider corresponding to the cloud storage system.

[0119] In an optional embodiment, the read / write rate recording module 210 is used to record the read / write rate and operating mode of the cloud storage unit when the user reads and writes to the rented cloud storage unit, with different operating modes corresponding to different read / write rate ranges.

[0120] The device also includes an incremental carbon emission determination module 221 (not shown in the figure), which is used to determine the incremental carbon emission of the cloud storage unit based on the operating mode of the cloud storage unit; wherein, the higher the read / write rate corresponding to the operating mode, the greater the incremental carbon emission; when the two cloud storage units have the same operating mode, the carbon emission of the two cloud storage units is the same per unit time.

[0121] In an optional embodiment, the cloud storage unit carbon emission determination module 220 includes:

[0122] Carbon emission equation determination submodule 222 (not shown in the figure) is used to determine the carbon emission equation of the cloud storage unit; wherein, the carbon emission equation is used to characterize the amount of carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit per unit time; the carbon emission equation includes: basic carbon emissions and incremental carbon emissions, wherein the incremental carbon emissions are the product of the incremental coefficient and the read / write rate, and the basic carbon emissions and the incremental coefficient are unknown constant values.

[0123] The total carbon emissions determination submodule 223 (not shown in the figure) is used to determine the total carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage system within a preset period based on the total electricity generated within the preset period.

[0124] Carbon emission determination submodule 224 (not shown in the figure) is used to determine the carbon emission amount generated by all cloud storage units within a preset period based on the carbon emission equation and the read / write rate of each cloud storage unit at different times.

[0125] The parameter determination submodule 225 (not shown in the figure) is used to determine the basic carbon emissions and the incremental coefficient based on the carbon emissions and the total carbon emissions, and to determine the carbon emissions generated by each cloud storage unit within a preset period based on the carbon emissions equation.

[0126] In an optional embodiment, the total carbon emissions determination submodule 223 (not shown in the figure) is used to determine the total carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage system within a preset period based on the total electricity generated by the cloud storage system within a preset period and the carbon emissions per unit of electricity in the region where the cloud storage system is located; the carbon emissions per unit of electricity are different in different regions.

[0127] The specific implementation process of the functions and roles of each module in the above device can be found in the implementation process of the corresponding steps in the above method, and will not be repeated here.

[0128] For the device embodiments, since they basically correspond to the method embodiments, the relevant parts can be referred to in the description of the method embodiments. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of the solution in this specification according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without creative effort.

[0129] like Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3A hardware structure diagram of a computer device containing an embodiment of a carbon emission determination device is shown. This device may include: a processor 1010, a memory 1020, an input / output interface 1030, a communication interface 1040, and a bus 1050. The processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, and communication interface 1040 are internally connected to each other via the bus 1050.

[0130] The processor 1010 can be implemented using a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification. The processor implements the above-described methods by running executable instructions.

[0131] The memory 1020 for storing processor-executable instructions can be implemented in the form of ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), static storage device, dynamic storage device, etc. The memory 1020 can store the operating system and other applications. When the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification are implemented through software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 1020.

[0132] The input / output interface 1030 is used to connect input / output modules to realize information input and output. Input / output modules can be configured as components within the device (not shown in the figure) or externally connected to the device to provide corresponding functions. Input devices may include keyboards, mice, touchscreens, microphones, various sensors, etc., while output devices may include displays, speakers, vibrators, indicator lights, etc.

[0133] The communication interface 1040 is used to connect a communication module (not shown in the figure) to enable communication between this device and other devices. The communication module can communicate via wired means (such as USB, Ethernet cable, etc.) or wireless means (such as mobile network, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.).

[0134] Bus 1050 includes a pathway for transmitting information between various components of the device, such as processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, and communication interface 1040.

[0135] It should be noted that although the above-described device only shows the processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, communication interface 1040, and bus 1050, in specific implementations, the device may also include other components necessary for normal operation. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described device may only include the components necessary for implementing the embodiments of this specification, and not necessarily all the components shown in the figures.

[0136] This specification also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for determining carbon emissions.

[0137] Computer-readable media includes both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can store information using any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transferable medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transient computer-readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0138] This specification also provides a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for determining carbon emissions.

[0139] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0140] The foregoing has described specific embodiments of this specification. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than that shown in the embodiments and may still achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the specific or sequential order shown to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are possible or may be advantageous.

[0141] The user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties. Furthermore, the collection, use and processing of the relevant data must comply with the relevant laws, regulations and standards of the relevant countries and regions, and corresponding operation entry points are provided for users to choose to authorize or refuse.

Claims

1. A method for determining carbon emissions, applied to a cloud storage system, the cloud storage system comprising multiple cloud storage units, the cloud storage system connecting to multiple users, each user renting at least one cloud storage unit; the method comprising: Record the read and write speed of the rented cloud storage unit when the user reads and writes to it. For each cloud storage unit, the carbon emissions generated by that cloud storage unit are determined based on its read / write speed. The carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit include: basic carbon emissions and incremental carbon emissions. The basic carbon emissions characterize the carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit when it is not performing read / write operations. The incremental carbon emissions characterize the carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit during read / write operations, and the magnitude of the incremental carbon emissions is proportional to the read / write speed of the cloud storage unit. For each user, the carbon emissions generated by that user are determined based on the carbon emissions generated by each cloud storage unit rented by that user. Determining the carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit based on its read / write speed includes: A carbon emission equation for a cloud storage unit is determined; wherein the carbon emission equation is used to characterize the amount of carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit per unit time; the carbon emission equation includes: a base carbon emission and an incremental carbon emission, wherein the incremental carbon emission is the product of an incremental coefficient and a read / write rate, and the base carbon emission and the incremental coefficient are unknown constant values. Based on the total electricity generated by the cloud storage system within a preset period, determine the total carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage system within the preset period; based on the carbon emission equation and the read / write rate of each cloud storage unit at different times, determine the sum of carbon emissions generated by all cloud storage units within the preset period. Based on the carbon emissions and the total carbon emissions, the basic carbon emissions and incremental coefficients are determined, and based on the carbon emissions equation, the carbon emissions generated by each cloud storage unit within a preset period are determined.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: In the case where there are unrented cloud storage units in the cloud storage system, the carbon emissions generated by the unrented cloud storage units are determined, and the determined carbon emissions are taken as the carbon emissions generated by the service provider corresponding to the cloud storage system.

3. The method according to claim 1, The recording of the read / write speed of the cloud storage unit includes: Record the read / write speed and operating mode of the cloud storage unit; different operating modes correspond to different read / write speed ranges. The method for determining the incremental carbon emissions of a cloud storage unit includes: determining the incremental carbon emissions of the cloud storage unit based on its operating mode; wherein, the higher the read / write rate corresponding to the operating mode, the greater the incremental carbon emissions; and when two cloud storage units operate in the same mode, the carbon emissions of the two cloud storage units are the same per unit time.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the total carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage system within a preset period based on the total electricity generated by the cloud storage system includes: The total carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage system within a preset period are determined based on the total electricity generated by the cloud storage system within the preset period and the carbon emissions per unit of electricity in the area where the cloud storage system is located. The carbon emissions per unit of electricity vary in different regions.

5. A cloud storage system, the cloud storage system comprising multiple cloud storage units, the cloud storage system connecting to multiple users, each user renting at least one cloud storage unit; The management module of the cloud storage system performs the method as described in any one of claims 1-4.

6. A carbon emission determination device, applied to a cloud storage system, the cloud storage system comprising multiple cloud storage units, the cloud storage system connecting to multiple users, each user renting at least one cloud storage unit; the device comprising: The read / write rate recording module is used to record the read / write rate of the rented cloud storage unit when the user reads and writes to it. A cloud storage unit carbon emission determination module is used to determine the carbon emissions generated by each cloud storage unit based on its read / write rate. The carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit include a base carbon emission and an incremental carbon emission. The base carbon emission characterizes the carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit when it is not performing read / write operations. The incremental carbon emission characterizes the carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit during read / write operations, and the magnitude of the incremental carbon emission is proportional to the read / write rate of the cloud storage unit. Determining the carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage unit based on its read / write rate includes determining a carbon emission equation for the cloud storage unit. The carbon emission equation characterizes... The carbon emissions generated by a cloud storage unit per unit time; the carbon emission equation includes: a base carbon emission and an incremental carbon emission, wherein the incremental carbon emission is the product of an incremental coefficient and a read / write rate, and the base carbon emission and the incremental coefficient are unknown constant values; based on the total electricity generated by the cloud storage system within a preset period, the total carbon emissions generated by the cloud storage system within the preset period are determined; based on the carbon emission equation and the read / write rate of each cloud storage unit at different times, the sum of carbon emissions generated by all cloud storage units within the preset period is determined; based on the sum of carbon emissions and the total carbon emissions, the base carbon emission and the incremental coefficient are determined, and based on the carbon emission equation, the carbon emissions generated by each cloud storage unit within the preset period are determined; The user carbon emission determination module is used to determine the carbon emissions generated by each user based on the carbon emissions generated by each cloud storage unit rented by that user.

7. A computer device, comprising: processor; Memory used to store processor-executable instructions; The processor implements the method as described in any one of claims 1-4 by executing the executable instructions.

8. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-5.

9. A computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described in any one of claims 1-4.

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