Distributed energy storage battery pack fault monitoring and positioning system and method based on traveling wave ranging

Abstract

The present invention relates to a distributed energy storage battery pack fault monitoring and positioning system based on traveling wave ranging, belonging to the field of power systems. The system includes a battery pack detection and management module, a GPRS data transmission module, and a monitoring master station module; firstly, it accurately judges the thermal faults of the battery packs in rural power grid distributed energy storage power stations, reduces the false alarm rate, monitors the thermal fault conditions by introducing fire linkage, and prevents false alarms caused by inaccurate measurement or minor changes of temperature and gas sensors. The present invention adopts a highly integrated "four-in-one" scheme, which can monitor and pre-warn the battery packs before faults by monitoring the operating current and voltage at the cable connection of the energy storage battery packs. After a fault is monitored, the fault type and severity are judged through voltage and current traveling wave line selection, ranging, and based on an artificial neural network.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of power systems and relates to a distributed energy storage battery pack fault monitoring and positioning system and method based on traveling wave ranging. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous increase in the installed capacity of lithium battery energy storage systems, the potential safety hazards of lithium battery energy storage systems have also become increasingly apparent. Since rural power grid energy storage power stations are mostly distributed and are mostly located in mountainous areas prone to catching fire, when a dangerous accident occurs in the energy storage power station, it is very easy to trigger a mountain fire, greatly increasing the severity of the accident consequences.

[0003] Currently, most battery monitoring devices transmit status data to the battery pack detector through optical cables, and can measure parameters such as the overall voltage, single-cell voltage, overall current, internal temperature of the battery pack, ambient temperature of the battery pack, electrolyte specific gravity, electrolyte liquid level height, and electrode utilization. However, most of the monitoring is for single cells, and it is not applicable to the detection of the operating conditions of series-connected battery packs, so it cannot be applied to the monitoring of distributed energy storage station battery packs. In addition, another type mainly monitors the state of charge SOC of the battery pack to estimate the operating state of the battery pack, but its monitoring cost is high. The above monitoring equipment has complex operations, and some sensors have too high costs and low sensitivities, and cannot accurately monitor the distributed energy storage station battery packs. Based on this, the present invention proposes a distributed energy storage station battery pack fault online monitoring and fault positioning system based on traveling wave ranging for rural power grids, adopting a highly integrated "four-in-one" scheme. It can use the monitoring of the operating current and voltage at the cable connection of the energy storage battery pack to achieve pre-fault monitoring and early warning of the battery pack. After a fault is monitored, the traveling wave selection of voltage and current, ranging, and the determination of the fault type and severity based on an artificial neural network are carried out. The system adopts high-precision time synchronization technology, has no dead zone in ranging, can accurately identify the traveling wave head, and has a ranging mode selection technology. The system has a high degree of integration and is suitable for complex distributed energy storage online monitoring systems. In addition, in order to prevent the serious deterioration of the energy storage station battery pack fault, the system uses the severity of the battery fault to enable a series of treatments such as an air-cooling unit, a fire extinguisher, and a switch switching device to cool down the battery, extinguish the fire, and cut off the power, and promptly handle the fault to prevent the further expansion of the fault hazard.

[0004] Description of the technical solution closest to the present invention: "Energy Storage Battery Monitoring and Early Warning Device and Method" (application number CN202111526082.X) and "An Energy Storage Battery Management Device with an Early Fault Warning Function" (application number CN202021299439.6).

[0005] This system focuses on solving the problems of low accuracy in the current battery pack monitoring system of distributed energy storage stations and the inability to intuitively judge the severity of thermal faults in the battery pack. It proposes a system that can reduce the false alarm rate of thermal faults, locate faults, intuitively distinguish the severity of thermal faults, and promptly handle the consequences of faults. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a distributed energy storage battery pack fault monitoring and positioning system based on traveling wave ranging. Currently, most online monitoring of energy storage battery stations is based on the detection of core parameters such as state of charge, temperature, voltage, and current during the operation of the battery pack. The sensor devices required for detection are usually attached to the surface of the battery pack, which has an adverse impact on the heat dissipation of the battery pack. Moreover, the sensors also require daily inspections and maintenance by staff, wasting a large amount of manpower and material resources, and the detection accuracy and precision of the battery pack are not high. Especially in the battery management system of distributed energy storage stations, the battery packs are relatively dispersed, making centralized management difficult.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A distributed energy storage battery pack fault monitoring and positioning system based on traveling wave ranging, which includes a battery pack detection and management module, a GPRS data transmission module, and a monitoring master station module;

[0009] The battery pack monitoring and management module uses STM32F104 with an ARM4 Cortex_M4F core as the central data processing chip to process data from the sensor network, send control signals, control the air-cooled unit fire extinguisher, and switch the battery pack access switch device;

[0010] The sensor network includes current and voltage traveling wave monitoring sensors, sheath circulating current signal detection sensors, and temperature sensors; the sheath circulating current signal detection sensors and temperature sensing devices are placed at the connection between the energy storage station battery pack and the cable to detect the battery pack temperature and interlayer circulating current and input them into the central chip through the GPRS wireless transmission system for data processing; when the energy storage battery is in the discharge, charge, or standby state, the circulating current induced on the metal protective layer at the cable joint is very small. When the energy storage battery fails, the circulating current in the protective layer will exceed the normal working circulating current of the energy storage battery, and then the collected sheath circulating current signal is sent to the processor for fault discrimination; it is used to detect the change of the battery temperature; the current and voltage traveling wave monitoring sensors are located at the centralized connection between the cable and the power grid for centralized management, and are used for traveling wave line selection, ranging, and distance judgment;

[0011] When a fault in the energy storage station battery pack causes a fault current and voltage in the cable, when the fault current and voltage are detected, the traveling wave transient waveform and the grounding fault line selection technology of the wavelet algorithm are used to distinguish the faulty cable line;

[0012] When a fault occurs in the energy storage battery, a circuit fault will occur at the corresponding energy storage battery cable connection. According to the time for the traveling wave to travel back and forth between the fault point and the sensor, single-ended traveling wave ranging is realized:

[0013]

[0014] In the formula: v is the propagation speed of the traveling wave in the cable; T M is the moment when the initial traveling wave surge reaches the measurement end M; T Mf is the moment when it reaches the measurement end M after being reflected by the fault point; D MF is the distance between the fault point F and the measurement end M;

[0015] The traveling wave monitoring sensor controls the high-speed analog-to-digital converter ADC chip through the field programmable gate array FPGA chip to sample the traveling wave signal at 250 MHz. The time accuracy of the collected data is 40 ns. The data is sent to the STM32F104 main control chip through direct memory access DMA for data storage and processing; when a battery pack operation fault is detected, the power transmission between the battery pack and the power supply system will be cut off through the battery pack access switch switching device. The battery pack will be cooled by controlling the air-cooled unit to perform a circulating air-cooling cycle system on the battery pack. If a fire is encountered, the fire extinguishing device will be activated to extinguish the fire on the battery pack;

[0016] The GPRS data transmission module selects the CM3160EP GPRS DTU as the data communication module;

[0017] The monitoring main station module includes an alarm module and a fire control host module; the alarm module consists of an alarm light, a voice conversion module, a power amplifier and a speaker, and an alarm message; the alarm light uses an LED and is installed inside the device; the voice conversion module receives the serial output alarm instruction from the data calculation module, converts the instruction into voice output to drive the power amplifier and the speaker, and emits an alarm voice in real time; when the monitoring main station center is unattended, the fire control host module will automatically send a reminder to the firefighters when the energy storage station battery pack fails severely.

[0018] A distributed energy storage battery pack fault monitoring and positioning method based on traveling wave ranging for the system, the method includes the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: After connecting the power supplies of the signal acquisition device FPGA and the main control chip STM32 chip and starting, collect the sheath circulating current at the cable connection of the energy storage station battery pack, sampling once every 40 ns; save the collected circulating current data locally and update the data every 1 s; compare the change in the circulating current of the battery pack during a fault with the circulating current collected within 1 s. When the sheath circulating current exceeds the threshold, send a fault message to the main control chip STM32F104;

[0020] Step 2: If the sheath circulating current exceeds the set threshold at a certain time point, the STM32F104 main control chip controls the current and voltage traveling wave monitoring sensors to perform continuous sampling in the next cycle, and obtain the corresponding parameter value change curve; according to different situations, the following steps 3 to 5 are divided into steps for judgment;

[0021] Step 3: If the current and voltage traveling wave monitoring sensors then detect the traveling wave voltage and current, and if the sampled voltage and current data have no obvious difference from the voltage and current during normal operation, it means that the sheath circulation sensor misjudged, and step 1 is repeated;

[0022] Step 4: If the current and voltage traveling wave monitoring sensors differ too much from the energy storage battery under normal working conditions, and the traveling wave voltage and current sampled in several consecutive sampling cycles are close to the fault sample curve and do not rise, it is considered that the battery has early thermal abuse. The main control chip uses traveling wave ranging to calculate the battery pack in the corresponding energy storage station, and transmits the faulty battery pack ID to the monitoring main station through the GPRS transmission module. The alarm module of the monitoring main station alarms "battery ID has thermal abuse" and starts the air cooling cycle cooling system to cool the battery pack; the STM32 controls the battery pack access switch switching device to cut off the power transmission between the corresponding energy storage station and the power grid;

[0023] Step 5: If the temperature sensor exceeds the maximum threshold, and the current parameter continues to rise in the next cycle, approaching the voltage and current change sample curve of the faulty energy storage battery under fault conditions; it is considered that the battery is currently experiencing heat diffusion, and the LED light flashes, and the speaker issues a voice prompt of "battery ID experiencing heat diffusion"; if an open fire is generated, the main control chip opens the valve of the fire extinguishing device;

[0024] Step 6: Every time the battery status changes, the time of the status change, battery ID, sheath circulation, voltage and current data are uploaded to the monitoring main station through the GPRS wireless transmission module. The server in the main station collects the parameters of other status acquisition devices in the energy storage unit cabin based on the current battery status. If the temperature detection device shows that the temperature of the battery pack of the energy storage station continues to rise and cannot be cooled down by the cooling system, it is considered that the battery fault of the energy storage station has always existed. At this time, staff should be dispatched to the site for processing. If no one is handling the monitoring main station, the fault information will be sent to the fire department through the fire host.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: first, the thermal fault of the battery pack of the rural distributed energy storage power station can be accurately judged, the false alarm rate can be reduced, and the thermal fault situation can be monitored by introducing fire linkage to prevent false alarms caused by inaccurate measurements or slight changes in temperature and gas sensors.

[0026] Other advantages, objects and features of the present invention will be set forth in part in the following description, and in part will be obvious to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. The objects and other advantages of the present invention may be realized and attained by the means of the hereinafter described specification. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0027] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, where:

[0028] Figure 1 is the system schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 is the schematic diagram of traveling wave ranging. Detailed Embodiments

[0030] The following specific examples illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments. All details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments only illustrate the basic concept of the present invention in a schematic manner. Without conflict, the following embodiments and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0031] Among them, the drawings are only for illustrative purposes, showing only schematic diagrams, not physical diagrams, and should not be construed as a limitation on the present invention; in order to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some components in the drawings will be omitted, enlarged or reduced, which do not represent the dimensions of the actual product; for those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted.

[0032] In the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc. indicating the orientation or positional relationship, they are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as a limitation on the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0033] From the perspective of the safety of the batteries in rural power grid energy storage stations and the reliability and security of the early warning system, the present invention designs an on-line monitoring and fault location system for battery packs in rural distributed energy storage stations based on traveling wave ranging, as Figure 1 shown. The system consists of three major modules, namely: the battery pack detection and management module, the GPRS data transmission module, and the monitoring master station module. The battery pack monitoring and management module uses STM32F104 as the central data processing chip to process data from the sensor network and send control signals. The sensor network includes current and voltage traveling wave monitoring sensors, sheath circulating current signal detection sensors, and temperature sensors. When the energy storage battery is in the discharge, charge, or standby state, the circulating current induced on the metal protective layer at the cable joint is very small. When a fault occurs in the energy storage battery, the circulating current in the protective layer will increase abnormally, and then the collected sheath circulating current signal is sent to the processor for fault discrimination. The current and voltage traveling wave monitoring sensors are mainly used for traveling wave line selection, ranging, and distance judgment.

[0034] When a fault occurs in the battery pack of the energy storage station, resulting in fault current and voltage in the cable, when the fault current and voltage are detected, the traveling wave transient waveform and the grounding fault line selection technology based on the wavelet algorithm can accurately distinguish the faulty cable. Since the same cable can be connected to different battery packs, if a fault in the energy storage battery is detected on the cable, it often takes a lot of manpower and material resources to check the connected energy storage battery packs one by one on site. Accurately locating the fault point can effectively reduce the burden of manual inspection and greatly shorten the fault troubleshooting time. The sudden change in the electromagnetic field caused by the fault propagates along the cable line to the voltage and current traveling wave detection point, and its traveling wave ranging principle diagram is as Figure 2 shown.

[0035] When a fault occurs in the energy storage battery, a circuit fault will occur at the cable connection of the energy storage battery. According to the time when the traveling wave travels back and forth between the fault and the sensor, single-end traveling wave ranging can be achieved.

[0036]

[0037] In the formula: v is the propagation speed of the traveling wave in the cable; T M is the moment when the initial traveling wave surge reaches the measurement end M; T Mf is the moment when it reaches the measurement end M after being reflected by the fault point; DMF is the distance from the fault point F to the measurement end M. Workers can then promptly and effectively troubleshoot and handle the corresponding faulty battery pack.

[0038] The traveling wave monitoring sensor controls the high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) chip through a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) chip to perform high-speed sampling of the traveling wave signal at 250 MHz. The collected data can be marked with a time tag with an accuracy of 40 ns, and finally the data is sent to the STM32F104 main control chip through DMA for data processing. In addition, when a battery pack operation failure is detected, the power transmission between the battery pack and the power supply system will be cut off in time through the battery pack access switch switching device. The air-cooled unit is also controlled to first perform a circulating air-cooling cycle system on the faulty battery pack to cool the battery pack. If a fire is encountered, the fire extinguishing device will be activated to extinguish the battery pack to prevent further expansion of the hazard.

[0039] The GPRS data transmission module selects the CM3160EP GPRS DTU as the data communication module. The CM3160EP device belongs to an industrial-grade wireless data transmission device, which uses an ARM9 industrial-grade embedded processor and intelligent three-level protection. It can use the GPRS network to realize remote data transmission. At the same time, it can provide interfaces such as RS-485, TTL, and USB to the remote data acquisition system, and support the establishment of a connection between the remote data acquisition system and the client. The monitoring main station module includes an alarm module and a fire control host module. The alarm module consists of an alarm light, a voice conversion module, a power amplifier and a speaker, and an alarm message. The alarm light uses a high-brightness LED and is directly installed inside the device. The voice conversion module receives the serial output alarm instruction from the data calculation module, converts the instruction into voice output to drive the power amplifier and the speaker, and emits an alarm voice in real time. The fire control host module will automatically send a danger reminder to the firefighters when the monitoring main station center is unattended and the battery pack of the energy storage station fails severely. It greatly improves the flexibility and safety of the battery pack management of the distributed energy storage station.

[0040] Currently, most online monitoring of energy storage battery stations is based on the detection of the core parameters of the battery pack during operation, such as state of charge, temperature, voltage, and current. The sensor devices required for detection are usually attached to the surface of the battery pack, which has an adverse impact on the heat dissipation of the battery pack. In addition, the sensors also require daily inspections and maintenance by staff, wasting a lot of manpower and material resources, and the accuracy and accuracy of detecting the battery pack are not high. Especially in the battery management system of a distributed energy storage station, the battery packs are relatively scattered, and it is difficult to manage them centralized. Based on this, the present invention proposes a set of online monitoring and positioning system for battery pack faults in a distributed energy storage station based on traveling wave ranging.

[0041] Step 1: After the power supplies of the signal acquisition device FPGA and the main control chip STM32 chip are connected and started, the sheath circulating current at the cable connection of the energy storage station battery pack is collected in real time, with a sampling interval of every 40 ns. The collected circulating current data is saved locally, and the data is updated every 1 s. The circulating current of the sheath during battery pack failure within 1 s is compared with the normal state. When the sheath circulating current exceeds the threshold, a fault message is sent to the main control chip STM32F104.

[0042] Step 2: If at a certain moment, the sheath circulating current exceeds the set threshold, then the main control chip STM32F104 controls the current and voltage traveling wave monitoring sensors to perform continuous sampling in the next cycle, and obtains the corresponding parameter value change curves. Depending on the situation, the following steps 3 - 5 are carried out for discrimination.

[0043] Step 3: If the current and voltage traveling wave monitoring sensors then detect the traveling wave voltage and current, and if the sampled voltage and current data have no obvious difference from the voltage and current during normal operation, it means that the sheath circulating current sensor has made a misjudgment, and step 1 is repeated.

[0044] Step 4: If the difference between the current and voltage traveling wave monitoring sensors and the normal operating state of the energy storage battery is too large, and the traveling wave voltage and current sampled in several consecutive sampling cycles are close to the fault sample curve without an obvious increase, it is considered that the battery has an early thermal abuse. The main control chip calculates the corresponding battery pack in the energy storage station using traveling wave ranging, and transmits the ID of the faulty battery pack to the monitoring master station through the GPRS transmission module. The alarm module of the monitoring master station issues an alarm "Thermal abuse occurred in battery XX (battery ID)", and starts the air-cooled circulation cooling system to cool the battery pack. STM32 controls the battery pack access switch device to cut off the power transmission between the corresponding energy storage station and the power grid.

[0045] Step 5: If the temperature sensor exceeds the maximum threshold value, and the current parameter continues to rise in the next cycle, approaching the fault sample curve; other parameter values also change accordingly, approaching the fault sample curve, it is considered that the battery is currently experiencing thermal diffusion, then the LED light flashes, and the speaker emits a voice prompt "Thermal diffusion occurred in battery XX (battery ID)". If there is an open fire, the main control chip opens the valve of the fire extinguishing device to prevent the fault from further expanding.

[0046] Step 6: When the battery state changes each time, through the GPRS wireless transmission module, data such as the time of state change, battery ID, sheath circulating current, voltage and current are uploaded to the monitoring master station. The server in the master station determines the current state of the battery and comprehensively considers the parameters of other state acquisition devices in the energy storage unit cabin. If the battery fault in the energy storage station persists, to avoid further deterioration, send staff to the site for handling. If there is no one to handle it at the monitoring master station, send a fault message to the fire department through the fire control host.

[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the present technical solution, and they should all be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A distributed energy storage battery pack fault monitoring and positioning system based on traveling wave ranging, characterized in that: The system includes a battery pack detection and management module, a GPRS data transmission module, and a monitoring master station module; The battery pack detection and management module uses the STM32F104 with an ARM4 Cortex_M4F core as the central data processing chip to process data of the sensor network, send control signals, control the air-cooled unit, fire extinguisher, and battery pack access switch switching device; The sensor network includes current and voltage traveling wave monitoring sensors, sheath circulating current signal detection sensors, and temperature sensors; the sheath circulating current signal detection sensors and temperature sensing devices are placed at the connection between the energy storage station battery pack and the cable to detect the battery pack temperature and interlayer circulating current and input them into the central chip through the GPRS wireless transmission system for data processing; when the energy storage battery is in the discharge, charge, or standby state, a very small circulating current is induced on the metal protective layer at the cable joint. When the energy storage battery fails, the circulating current in the protective layer will exceed the normal operating circulating current of the energy storage battery, and then the collected sheath circulating current signal is sent to the processor for fault discrimination; it is used to detect the change of the battery temperature; The current and voltage traveling wave monitoring sensors are located at the centralized connection between the cable and the power grid for centralized management, and are used for traveling wave line selection, ranging, and distance judgment; When a fault in the energy storage station battery pack causes a fault current and voltage in the cable, when the fault current and voltage are detected, the ground fault line selection technology using the traveling wave transient waveform and wavelet algorithm is used to distinguish the faulty cable; When the energy storage battery fails, a circuit fault will occur at the connection of the energy storage battery cable. According to the time for the traveling wave to travel back and forth between the fault and the sensor, single-ended traveling wave ranging is realized: Where: v is the propagation speed of the traveling wave in the cable; T M is the moment when the initial traveling wave surge reaches the measurement end M; T Mf is the moment when it reaches the measurement end M after being reflected by the fault point; D MF is the distance between the fault point F and the measurement end M; The traveling wave monitoring sensor controls the high-speed analog-to-digital converter ADC chip through the field-programmable gate array FPGA chip to sample the traveling wave signal at 250 MHz. The data acquisition time accuracy is 40 ns. The data is sent to the STM32F104 main control chip for data storage and processing through direct memory access DMA; when a battery pack operation fault is detected, the power transmission between the battery pack and the power supply system will be cut off through the battery pack access switch switching device. The air-cooled unit is controlled to first cool the faulty battery pack through a circulating air-cooling system, and if a fire is encountered, the fire extinguishing device will be activated to extinguish the battery pack; The GPRS data transmission module selects the CM3160EP GPRSDTU as the data communication module; The monitoring master station module includes an alarm module and a fire control host module; the alarm module consists of an alarm light, a voice conversion module, a power amplifier and a speaker, and an alarm message; the alarm light uses an LED and is installed inside the device; the voice conversion module receives the serial output alarm instruction from the data calculation module, converts the instruction into voice output to drive the power amplifier and the speaker, and emits an alarm voice in real time; when the monitoring master station center is unattended and the energy storage station battery pack fails seriously, the fire control host module will automatically send a reminder to the firefighters.

2. The method for fault monitoring and location of a distributed energy storage battery pack based on traveling wave ranging for the system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: Step 1: After the power supplies of the signal acquisition device FPGA and the main control chip STM32 chip are connected and started, the sheath circulating current at the cable connection of the energy storage station battery pack is collected, with a sampling frequency of once every 40 ns; the collected circulating current data is saved locally, and the data is updated every 1 s; the circulating current changes of the sheath during battery pack failure within 1 s are compared. When the sheath circulating current exceeds the threshold, a fault message is sent to the main control chip STM32F104. Step 2: If at a certain moment, the sheath circulating current exceeds the set threshold, then the main control chip STM32F104 controls the current and voltage traveling wave monitoring sensors to perform continuous sampling in the next cycle, and obtains the corresponding parameter value thresholds; according to different situations, it is judged in the following Steps 3 to 5. Step 3: If the current and voltage traveling wave monitoring sensors then detect the traveling wave voltage and current, and if the sampled voltage and current data have no obvious difference from the voltage and current during normal operation, it indicates that the sheath circulating current sensor has misjudged, and Step 1 is repeated. Step 4: The difference between the current and voltage traveling wave monitoring sensors and the normal working state of the energy storage battery is too large. The traveling wave voltage and current sampled in several consecutive sampling cycles are close to the fault sample threshold and do not increase. Then it is considered that the battery has early thermal abuse. The main control chip uses traveling wave ranging to calculate the corresponding battery pack in the energy storage station, and the ID of the faulty battery pack is transmitted to the monitoring master station through the GPRS transmission module. The alarm module of the monitoring master station alarms "Thermal abuse occurred for Battery ID", and the air-cooled circulation cooling system is started to cool the battery pack; STM32 controls the battery pack access switch device to cut off the power transmission between the corresponding energy storage station and the power grid. Step 5: If the temperature sensor exceeds the maximum threshold value, and the current parameters continue to rise in the next cycle, approaching the voltage and current change sample threshold of the faulty energy storage battery in the fault situation; then it is considered that the battery has current thermal diffusion, and the LED light flashes, and the speaker emits a voice prompt of "Thermal diffusion occurred for Battery ID"; if there is a fire, the main control chip opens the valve of the fire extinguishing device. Step 6: When the battery state changes each time, through the GPRS wireless transmission module, the time of the state change, the battery ID, the sheath circulating current, and the voltage and current data are uploaded to the monitoring master station. The server in the master station based on the current state of the battery and comprehensively considering the parameters of other state acquisition devices in the energy storage unit cabin; if the temperature detection device shows that the temperature of the energy storage station battery pack continues to rise, and it cannot be cooled after being cooled by the cooling system, then it is considered that there is a fault in the energy storage station battery. At this time, staff should be dispatched to the site for handling; if there is no one to handle it at the monitoring master station, a fault message is sent to the fire department through the fire host.

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