A dynamic assessment system for building stock resource and environmental performance based on scenario simulation

Abstract

This invention discloses a dynamic assessment system for building stock resource and environmental performance that implements scenario simulation. The system comprises: configuring a baseline flow parameter module to set the building lifecycle system boundary, and using the BIM-LCA technical path to calculate a baseline flow parameter set for building stock renewal scenario simulation; creating a renewal scenario module to evaluate the physical state and life expectancy of the building; inputting a dynamic process module to simulate and visualize the dynamic process of building stock renewal; inputting a material composition module to set the material types involved in the input process in the renewal scenario; outputting a simulation result module to calculate the resource and environmental flow and material composition flow of the renewal scenario simulation; and outputting an optimal solution module to calculate the comprehensive benefits of building resource and environmental performance under different weights and evaluate the optimal strategy for building stock renewal. This invention develops a resource and environmental performance-oriented building renewal strategy assessment tool that can improve the scientific nature of urban renewal decision-making under the dual carbon goals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of dynamic evaluation of building stock, and discloses a dynamic evaluation system for building stock resource and environmental performance that realizes scenario simulation. Background Art

[0002] Evaluating urban building stock renewal from a resource and environmental perspective and developing decision-making support tools to assist in formulating building stock renewal strategies are of great significance. Currently, dynamic assessment of building stock is widely used both domestically and internationally to assess building energy consumption, resource use, environmental impact, demand forecasting, and operating costs and management. Key technologies lie in indicators, methods, and tools. From an indicator perspective, dynamic assessment of building stock primarily addresses energy consumption, material consumption, environmental impact, and economic benefits generated during varying degrees of demolition, construction, or renovation. Methodologically, due to the time-varying nature of building stock attributes such as scale, composition, and status, commonly used methodological frameworks for dynamic assessment of building stock include life cycle assessment, systems analysis and modeling, and scenario simulation. Tools can be used to support resource and environmental performance assessments. Representative tools at the building scale include EPIQR, BR-DSS, and NSGA-II; and at the city and neighborhood scales include EnergyProforma, DeST, and Urbio.

[0003] Existing domestic and international assessment tools can support the evaluation of the resource, environmental performance, and economic benefits of building stock at the building, block, or city scale. However, they lack consideration of the entire building lifecycle, making them insufficient for detailed, comprehensive, and diverse assessments of the dynamic process of building renovation and transformation within the context of the "dual carbon" goals and urban renewal. Furthermore, their application in assisting the formulation of meso-level urban planning and design schemes is limited. This reflects the following three main problems with existing technologies:

[0004] 1. Understanding of the resource and environmental potential and life cycle patterns of building stock at the meso-level during urban renewal remains insufficient. On the one hand, current urban renewal strategies are primarily guided by economic development, improvements to people's livelihoods, and environmental enhancement. Stock stock renewal and renovation plans typically adopt a one-size-fits-all approach across a region, rarely considering the life cycle of the building itself. This results in problems such as short building lifespans, irrational utilization of stock resources, excessive construction waste, and anthropogenic carbon emissions. On the other hand, real urban renewal scenarios encompass not only the demolition process but also the construction of new buildings. However, existing assessment techniques typically measure the life cycles of existing and new buildings separately, failing to define the assessment system boundaries from the perspective of urban operations. This is insufficient to simulate the dynamic process of replacement of old and new buildings in urban renewal scenarios.

[0005] 2. Existing decision-making support tools are not yet fully developed in terms of scenario setting and indicator selection. Scenario simulations are often limited to a single lifecycle stage, focusing on evaluating the performance of a portion of a building at that specific stage. They lack dynamic process settings that encompass the entire lifecycle of existing building renewal, and they lack comprehensive resource and environmental performance evaluations that incorporate energy consumption, material consumption, economic benefits, and environmental impact indicators. For example, EPIQR, BR-DSS and NSGA-Ⅱ can evaluate the maintenance and renovation strategies during the building use phase, realize multi-objective and multi-scheme scenario simulation and give the optimal solution, but only involve the building operation and maintenance and renovation phases, do not consider the demolition and new construction phases, and do not include the consumption of building materials and the recycling of demolished materials into the index system; EnergyProforma, DeST and Urbio can evaluate the energy utilization strategies of buildings and above in a single scenario, but only involve the operation phase, do not consider the maintenance, renovation, demolition and new construction phases of buildings, and the setting of energy-saving renovation measures is relatively simple, and does not support the full life cycle evaluation of the dynamic process of building renovation; at the same time, it only uses energy consumption as the core indicator, lacks a comprehensive evaluation of the resource and environmental performance of buildings from multiple perspectives, and is not sufficient to compare and select renewal strategies under the dual constraints of resource consumption and environmental impact.

[0006] 3. Existing technologies lack methods and tools for evaluating renewal strategies at the urban design scale from a resource and environmental perspective. These tools cannot directly support the assessment and optimization of urban planning and design proposals in terms of the resource and environmental performance of existing buildings. Architectural design and urban planning practitioners struggle to intuitively simulate and compare renewal design options from a resource and environmental perspective, limiting the application of these assessment tools in urban planning and design practice. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention aims to provide a dynamic assessment system for the resource and environmental performance of building stock that implements scenario simulation. The system is based on the life cycle assessment and life cycle cost principles under the building sustainability assessment framework (ISO TS 21929-1), takes the building stock at the meso-level urban design scale as the assessment object, and takes resource and environmental performance as the core evaluation indicator. The system couples energy consumption simulation, life cycle assessment, scenario analysis, and material flow analysis. By setting renewal scenarios for building stock, the system simulates the dynamic process of each life cycle stage of the building, calculates the resource and environmental flows such as energy consumption, material consumption, environmental impact, and cost generated by the building during operation and investment, and quantitatively evaluates the resource and environmental performance of building renovation under various future scenarios. The system also performs weighted summation and comparison of the simulation results through indicator normalization and indicator weighting methods to derive the building stock renewal strategy with the best comprehensive benefits under different weights. The present invention can break through the limitations of existing technologies in evaluating the resource and environmental performance of building stock throughout their life cycle at the meso-level, solve problems existing in existing technologies in system boundaries, scenario settings, indicator selection, and practical applications, support the simulation and optimization of building renewal strategies guided by resource and environmental performance, assist in the formulation of medium- and long-term urban renewal design plans, and promote the sustainable development of energy conservation and emission reduction in urban buildings and recycling of building materials under the dual background of the "dual carbon" goals and urban renewal.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present invention provides a dynamic evaluation system for building stock resource environmental performance that realizes scenario simulation, comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step S1: By configuring the benchmark flow parameter module, setting the building life cycle system boundary and the intervention measures involved in the investment process, using the BIM-LCA technical path to calculate the unit area indicators of resource and environmental performance and material composition at each life cycle stage of the building, and inputting the benchmark flow parameter set for the building stock renewal scenario simulation;

[0011] Step S2: By creating a renewal scenario module, the physical condition and life expectancy of the building are evaluated, and the building type parameters, area parameters, life expectancy parameters and condition parameters of the building stock renewal scenario simulation are determined;

[0012] Step S3: By inputting the dynamic process module, based on the scenario classification, the timing arrangement of the operation process and the input process in the building stock renewal scenario is set, and the dynamic process of all life cycle stages of the building stock renewal is simulated and visualized;

[0013] Step S4: Set the types of building materials involved in the input process of the building stock renewal scenario through the input material composition module;

[0014] Step S5: Calculate the resource and environmental flows and material composition flows of the building stock renewal scenario simulation through the simulation result output module, output the flow calculation results of a single scenario, and output the flow summary and flow statistics results of multiple buildings or multiple scenarios based on the flow calculation of a single scenario;

[0015] Step S6: Through the output optimal solution module, the indicator normalization and indicator weighting methods are used to process the output results of the building stock renewal scenario simulation, and the weighted summation method is used to calculate the comprehensive benefits of various resource and environmental performances of the building under different weights. The optimal solution of the dynamic evaluation is compared and selected to obtain the optimal strategy for building stock renewal.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S1, by configuring the benchmark flow parameter module, setting the building life cycle system boundary and the intervention measures involved in the investment process, and using the BIM-LCA technical path to calculate the unit area indicators of resource and environmental performance and material composition at each life cycle stage of the building, the benchmark flow parameter set for the building stock renewal scenario simulation is input, specifically including:

[0017] The building life cycle system boundary and intervention measures involved in the input process are characterized by:

[0018] The system boundary of the building stock life cycle includes five building life cycle stages, namely the operation stage, maintenance stage, energy-saving renovation stage, demolition stage and new construction stage. The mining, production and transportation processes of building materials are not involved in these life cycle stages.

[0019] The operation process of building stock renewal includes two parts: the operation of existing buildings and the operation of newly built buildings. Together with the demolition stage and the new construction stage, it forms a closed loop of the dynamic process of stock renewal.

[0020] The investment process of building stock renewal includes the maintenance stage, energy-saving renovation stage, demolition stage and new construction stage;

[0021] During the maintenance phase, maintenance paths are set based on the building's operating status and intervention measures under different energy-saving standards;

[0022] The maintenance phase is cyclical, with the frequency of interventions defined according to the material's service life;

[0023] During the demolition phase, the demolition path is set according to the operating status of the building under different energy-saving standards;

[0024] Meeting current standards for energy-efficient design of residential buildings during the new construction phase;

[0025] The flow calculation of all life cycle stages within the system boundary is based on per square meter of building area as the functional unit, including both the input process of new building components or materials and the disassembly and recycling process of old building components or materials.

[0026] The BIM-LCA technical path is characterized by:

[0027] Create a BIM model (Building Information Model) for the target building, and assign structural layers and materials to the building in the BIM model;

[0028] Design energy-saving renovations for the building envelope and heating system according to energy-saving standards, determine the intervention measures involved in the renovation process, and use energy consumption simulation software to verify whether the energy-saving renovation plan meets the energy-saving standards;

[0029] Life cycle assessment tools are used to conduct LCA (life cycle assessment) and LCC (life cycle cost) analysis on the renovated buildings that have been verified by energy consumption simulation, calculate the resource consumption and environmental impact generated by the building during the investment process, determine the unit area indicators of the building's various resource and environmental performance and material composition, and obtain the benchmark flow parameter set for building stock renewal scenario simulation.

[0030] The calculation of unit area indicators of resource and environmental performance and material composition at each life cycle stage of a building is characterized by:

[0031] The LCA calculation of building envelope and heating system involves four indicators, including primary energy consumption, global warming potential, cost and material consumption;

[0032] The LCC calculation for the building envelope and heating system involves five indicators, including demolition weight, input weight, input cost, construction cost, and recovery factor;

[0033] The LCA calculation of the building envelope structure first assigns structural layers and materials to each component of the envelope structure BIM model, and then uses life cycle assessment tools to calculate the weight and environmental impact indicators of each type of material;

[0034] The LCA calculation of the building heating system first estimates the material usage per unit area during the renovation process, then establishes a simplified BIM model that matches the material quantity with the estimated quantity, and finally uses the life cycle assessment tool to calculate the environmental impact indicators of the relevant materials;

[0035] LCA and LCC calculations for buildings involve seven building materials, including concrete, steel, nonferrous metals, mortar, masonry, wood, and glass;

[0036] By default, old building components or materials are demolished by disassembly, and the benefits of material recycling are defined by recycling;

[0037] The LCC calculations during the energy-saving renovation and maintenance phases involve the input costs of new building components or materials and the recycling benefits of old building components or materials;

[0038] The LCC calculation during the demolition phase involves the construction costs of building demolition and the benefits of recycling old components or materials;

[0039] The LCC calculation for the new construction phase involves the construction costs of building the building, which are estimated based on the labor quota and time required for construction.

[0040] Furthermore, the above step S2 creates a renewal scenario module to evaluate the physical condition and life expectancy of the building, and determines the building type parameters, area parameters, life expectancy parameters, and condition parameters for the building stock renewal scenario simulation, specifically including:

[0041] Step S2-1: Assess the physical state of the building, determine the building type, area, initial state value and attenuation coefficient, and set the state input value according to the intervention measures;

[0042] The status value refers to the physical quality status of the building, which is measured from three aspects: structural quality, decoration quality and equipment quality;

[0043] The operating state of a building is affected by intervention measures, and the state input value is calculated every time an intervention measure is taken;

[0044] The decay coefficient refers to the rate at which a building deteriorates over time, calculated with reference to the annual rate of depreciation of the building;

[0045] The value of the building attenuation coefficient after construction depends on the setting of the physical quality status of the building during the construction stage.

[0046] Step S2-2: Assess the expected life of the building, determine the expected life of the building based on the design service life and the year of construction, and set the demolition age for the building stock renewal scenario.

[0047] Furthermore, in step S3, the dynamic process module is inputted to set the timing arrangement of the operation process and the input process in the building stock renewal scenario based on the scenario classification, so as to simulate and visualize the dynamic process of all life cycle stages of the building stock renewal, which is characterized by:

[0048] Four priority strategies are defined for the building stock renewal sequence, including demolition and new construction (DM&NEW) priority, existing status quo (EX) priority, periodic maintenance (R) priority, and energy-saving renovation (EER) priority;

[0049] categorize scenarios based on priority strategies for building stock renewal timing;

[0050] The timing of the operation process and investment process in the building stock renewal scenario is set according to the building type parameters and scenario classification to simulate the dynamic process of all life cycle stages of building stock renewal.

[0051] Furthermore, the above step S5 calculates the resource and environmental flows and material composition flows of the building renewal scenario simulation through the output simulation result module, outputs the flow calculation results of a single scenario, and outputs the flow summary and flow statistics results of multiple buildings or multiple scenarios based on the flow calculation of a single scenario, specifically including:

[0052] Step S5-1: flow calculation for a single scenario;

[0053] The basic formula for calculating the flow rate of a single scenario is expressed by formula (1.1):

[0054] T=t·a (1.1)

[0055] In the formula, t represents the base flow, i.e. the flow per unit area; a represents the total building area; T represents the total flow;

[0056] The indicators involved in the calculation of resource and environmental flows include primary energy consumption, global warming potential, cost, material consumption and status value;

[0057] The calculation results of resource and environmental flows involve two aspects: relative cumulative values ​​and absolute cumulative values. The relative cumulative value refers to the resource and environmental flows accumulated every n years, and the absolute cumulative value refers to the resource and environmental flows accumulated over m years.

[0058] Specifically, the formula for calculating the accumulated resource and environmental flow in units of n years is shown in formula (1.2):

[0059] P pern =p op ·a op +p in ·a in (1.2)

[0060] Where p op Indicates the operating value per unit area; a op Indicates the total building area during the building operation period; p in Indicates the input value per unit area; a in Indicates the total construction area of ​​the building at the time of investment; P pern It represents the total resource and environmental flow of the building during operation and commissioning every n years.

[0061] Specifically, the formula for calculating the accumulated resource and environmental flows over m years is shown in formula (1.3):

[0062]

[0063] Where, P pern，y represents the resource and environmental flow in the yth unit time; P totalIt represents the total amount of resource and environmental flow accumulated in m years; where m is a positive integer multiple of n, and the value range of y is [1, m / n].

[0064] Specifically, the formula for calculating the building status value in units of n years is shown in formula (1.4):

[0065] S i，v =S i，y-1 -e s，y +s in，y (1.4)

[0066] Where S i，y Indicates the state value in the y-th unit time; S i，y-1 Indicates the state value in the previous unit time, where when y is 1, S i，0 That is the initial state value; e s，y represents the attenuation coefficient in the y-th unit time; s in，y Indicates the state input value generated in the y-th unit time;

[0067] The indicators involved in the calculation of material composition flow include material weight and material cost.

[0068] The calculation results of material composition flow involve three aspects: material weight flow, material weight inventory and material cost flow.

[0069] Specifically, the calculation formula for the accumulated material weight flow in units of n years is shown in formula (2.1):

[0070] M pern =m in ·a in -m de ·a de (2.1)

[0071] Where m in Indicates the weight of material input per unit area; a in Indicates the total construction area of ​​the building at the time of construction; m de Indicates the weight of materials removed per unit area; a de Indicates the total floor area of ​​the building at the time of demolition; M pern It represents the total weight of materials used in each n years when the building is put into use and demolished;

[0072] Specifically, the formula for calculating the accumulated material weight inventory every n years is shown in formula (2.2):

[0073] M i，y =M i，y-1 +M in，y -M de，y (2.2).

[0074] Where M i，y Indicates the weight of the material in the y-th unit time; M i，y-1 Indicates the weight of the material in the previous unit time, where when y is 1, M i，0 is the initial material weight; M in，y Indicates the weight of material input in the y-th unit time; M de，y It represents the weight of material removed in the y-th unit time;

[0075] Specifically, the formula for calculating the material cost flow accumulated every n years is shown in formula (2.3):

[0076] C pern =c co ·a co +c in ·a in -M de ·e re (2.3)

[0077] Where c co represents the construction cost per unit area; a co Indicates the construction area; c in Indicates the material cost input per unit area; a de Indicates the total construction area of ​​the building at the time of investment; M de Indicates the weight of the removed material; e re Indicates the material recovery factor; C pern It represents the total material cost flow every n years during the construction, commissioning and demolition of a building.

[0078] Specifically, the flow calculation formula for the accumulated material weight or material cost in m years is shown in formula (2.4):

[0079]

[0080] Where Q pern，y Indicates the material weight flow or material cost flow in the y-th unit time; Q total It represents the total material weight flow or total material cost flow accumulated in m years; where m is a positive integer multiple of n, and the value range of y is [1, m / n].

[0081] Step S5-2: Summarize and calculate traffic flow statistics for multiple buildings or multiple scenarios.

[0082] Furthermore, the output of the optimal solution module in step S6 uses the indicator normalization and indicator weighting methods to process the output results of the building stock renewal scenario simulation, calculates the comprehensive benefits of various resource and environmental performances of the building under different weights through the weighted summation method, compares and selects the optimal solution of the dynamic evaluation, and obtains the optimal strategy for building stock renewal, which specifically includes:

[0083] Step S6-1: normalizing the resource and environmental performance index values ​​of the building stock renewal scenario simulation results and outputting radar chart results;

[0084] The five resource and environmental performance indicators involved in the normalization calculation include primary energy consumption, global warming potential, cost, material consumption, and status value. Among them, primary energy consumption, global warming potential, cost, and material consumption are the cumulative values ​​per unit area of ​​the investment process and operation process after the building has been in operation for m years. The status value is the average value of the building over m years.

[0085] The normalized calculation of the index value is shown in formula (3.1):

[0086]

[0087] In the formula, x is the true value; x min is the minimum value of the array; x max is the maximum value of the array; f(x) is the normalized value, the value range is [0, 1], and the optimal value of the normalized result is defined as 1.

[0088] Among them, the normalization of the four indicators of primary energy consumption, global warming potential, cost and material consumption needs to be negative, as shown in formula (3.2):

[0089] f(x′)=1-f(x) (3.2)

[0090] Where f(x) represents the value calculated by the normalization formula, and f(x′) represents the normalized value obtained after negation processing.

[0091] Step S6-2: weighting the normalized values ​​of the indicators, and calculating the comprehensive benefits of the building resource and environmental performance under different weights by the weighted summation method;

[0092] The weighted sum of the index values ​​is calculated as shown in formula (3.3):

[0093] r=r PE ·f PE +r GWP ·f GWP +r COST ·f COST +r MF ·f MF +r S·f S (3.3)

[0094] Where r PE Represents the normalized value of the primary energy consumption index; r GWP represents the normalized value of the global warming potential index; r COST represents the normalized value of the cost indicator; r MF Represents the normalized value of material consumption index; r S Indicates the normalized value of the state value indicator; f PE Indicates the weight value of the primary energy consumption index; f GWP represents the weight value of the global warming potential index; f COST Indicates the weight value of the cost indicator; f MF Indicates the weight value of material consumption index; f S Indicates the weight value of the status value indicator.

[0095] Step S6-3: Compare and select the optimal solution of dynamic evaluation based on the radar chart and comprehensive benefits to obtain the optimal strategy for building stock renewal.

[0096] The effects provided in the summary of the invention are only the effects of the embodiments, rather than all the effects of the invention. The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0097] 1. This approach breaks through the limitations of existing technologies in assessing the resource and environmental performance of building stock at the meso-level. It defines the system boundaries for life cycle assessment of building stock from the perspective of urban operation, comprehensively considering the five life cycle stages of buildings: operation, maintenance, energy-saving renovation, demolition, and new construction. It defines the dynamic process of building stock renewal by combining renewal goals with building life cycle stages. This allows for quantitative assessment of the dynamic process of building renewal under various future scenarios, supports the simulation and optimization of building renewal strategies guided by resource and environmental performance, assists in exploring the resource and environmental potential of building stock during urban renewal, and improves the scientific nature of mid- and long-term urban planning decisions under the dual context of the "dual carbon" goals and urban renewal.

[0098] 2. From a methodological perspective, a technical route is provided for integrating BIM-LCA tools to obtain benchmark flow parameters of building resource environment and material composition. A dynamic evaluation method framework for building stock resource and environmental performance that couples energy consumption simulation, life cycle assessment, scenario analysis, and material flow analysis is proposed, and a weighted summation method is combined to further derive the optimal solution for dynamic evaluation.

[0099] 3. The evaluation indicators for measuring the comprehensive benefits of resource consumption and environmental impact have been further improved, covering the performance of buildings in terms of energy consumption, material consumption, cost, environmental impact, status and lifespan, and considering the recycling value of demolished materials in the flow calculation of material composition.

[0100] 4. Aiming at architectural design and urban planning design practices, a tool has been developed to evaluate building renewal strategies at the urban design scale from a resource and environmental perspective. This tool strengthens the setting and simulation of renewal scenarios from a process perspective, visualizes the entire dynamic process of building stock renewal and the intervention measures, timing arrangements, and material flows involved, and supports intuitive comparison and optimization of building renewal design strategies with multiple scenarios, multiple objectives, and multiple schemes, meeting the application needs of practitioners in related fields to implement energy conservation and carbon reduction development goals in design practice. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0101] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a dynamic assessment system for building stock resource environmental performance that implements scenario simulation according to the present invention.

[0102] Figure 2 The present invention provides a scenario simulation process and module structure diagram of a dynamic assessment system for building stock resource environmental performance that implements scenario simulation.

[0103] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a scenario simulation user operation interface of a dynamic assessment system for building stock resource environmental performance that implements scenario simulation according to the present invention.

[0104] In the figure, component 100 is used to input the baseline flow parameter module; component 200 is used to create and query the scenario module; component 300 is used to input the scenario basic information and building parameter module; component 400 is used to display the dynamic process module; component 500 is used to input the material composition module; component 600 is used to input the dynamic process module; component 700 is used to output the result module; and component 800 is used for other supporting modules.

[0105] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the boundary of a building life cycle assessment system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0106] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of parameter settings for the dynamic process of a building life cycle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0107] Figure 6 This is a BIM-LCA flow chart for obtaining benchmark flow in a dynamic assessment system for building stock resource environmental performance that implements scenario simulation.

[0108] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a user operation interface for inputting resource and environmental benchmark flow parameters for a dynamic assessment system for building stock resource and environmental performance that implements scenario simulation in the present invention.

[0109] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of a user operation interface for inputting material composition benchmark flow parameters of a dynamic assessment system for building stock resource environmental performance that implements scenario simulation in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0110] In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, the present invention will be described in detail below through specific implementation methods and in conjunction with its drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be understood as limitations on the present invention. The present invention omits the description of well-known components and processing technologies and processes to avoid unnecessary limitations on the present invention. If certain words are used in the specification and claims to refer to specific components, those skilled in the art should understand that manufacturers may use different nouns to refer to the same component. This specification and claims do not use differences in names as a way to distinguish components, but use functional differences in components as the criterion for distinction. As mentioned throughout the specification and claims, "including" is an open term and should be interpreted as "including but not limited to".

[0111] The following describes a dynamic assessment system for building stock resource environmental performance that implements scenario simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0112] Taking an existing residential building in a typical block in Tianjin as an example, this paper defines the building's life cycle system boundaries and energy-saving targets. It simulates the dynamic process of the building's renewal scenarios over the next 100 years, with each five-year period as a unit. It calculates the resource and environmental flows and material composition flows generated during the building's operation and investment processes, evaluates the resource and environmental performance of multiple renewal scenarios, and derives a building stock renewal strategy with the optimal comprehensive benefits under different priority targets.

[0113] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a dynamic assessment system for building stock resource environmental performance that implements scenario simulation includes the following steps:

[0114] Step S1: By configuring the benchmark flow parameter module, setting the building life cycle system boundary and the intervention measures involved in the investment process, using the BIM-LCA technical path to calculate the unit area indicators of resource and environmental performance and material composition at each life cycle stage of the building, and inputting the benchmark flow parameter set for the building stock renewal scenario simulation.

[0115] The benchmark flow parameter set is an important data support for scenario simulation. The value of the benchmark flow parameter is directly related to the selection of the embodiment. Therefore, before conducting scenario simulation, it is necessary to first configure the benchmark flow parameters for each stage of the building life cycle. The specific steps include:

[0116] Step S1-1: Determine the physical characteristics and renewal objectives of the building, and define the building life cycle system boundaries and intervention measures involved in the investment process from the perspective of urban operations

[0117] The typical building selected in the embodiment of the present invention is an existing low-rise residential building located in the central urban area of ​​Tianjin. It was built in 1984, has three floors, a brick-concrete structure, a plate-type floor plan, a total construction area of ​​1,603.5 square meters, and no energy-saving design has been made. From the perspective of building resource and environmental performance, the core demand for building stock renewal is reflected in the orientation of energy-saving renovation, and through renovation design, the building performance is made to meet the current specifications and standards for energy conservation of residential buildings. Therefore, according to the "Energy-saving Design Standard for Residential Buildings in Severe Cold and Cold Areas" (JGJ26-2010) and the "Tianjin Residential Building Energy-saving Design Standard" (DB29-1-2013), two energy-saving targets are formulated for the renovation of typical buildings: 65% energy saving (third step energy saving) and 75% energy saving (fourth step energy saving).

[0118] Specifically, if Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment of the present invention defines a building lifecycle system boundary from the perspective of urban operations, encompassing five lifecycle phases: operation, maintenance, energy-saving renovation, demolition, and construction. None of the lifecycle phases within the system boundary involve the mining, production, and transportation of building materials. The lifecycle phases involved in the investment process include maintenance, energy-saving renovation, demolition, and construction.

[0119] Integrate energy saving goals and system boundaries, such as Figure 5 As shown, the intervention measures for each stage of the building life cycle are set as follows:

[0120] 1. Operation phase

[0121] From an urban operations perspective, the operational process of building stock renewal encompasses both the operation of existing buildings and the operation of newly constructed buildings. Together with the demolition and construction phases, this phase forms a closed loop of the dynamic building renewal process. The operational phase spans from the remaining use of existing buildings to the use of newly constructed buildings, taking place in five-year increments, for a total of 100 years. The investment generated by intervention measures is counted as a one-time investment within those five years.

[0122] 2. Energy-saving transformation stage

[0123] Based on the two energy-saving standards of 65% and 75%, three transformation paths were set in the energy-saving transformation phase, including:

[0124] (1) Transformation from the current status to the energy saving target of 65%;

[0125] (2) Transformation from the current status to a 75% energy saving target;

[0126] (3) Transformation from 65% energy saving to 75% energy saving.

[0127] Energy-saving retrofits are one-time interventions. Once a building meets energy-saving standards, it enters its new operational state. This process occurs only once throughout its lifecycle.

[0128] 3. Maintenance phase

[0129] The maintenance phase involves the renovation of building components or materials. Maintenance interventions can be categorized into three types, based on the components and materials used: internal minor repairs, external minor repairs, and major repairs. The maintenance phase exhibits a cyclical pattern throughout the building's lifecycle, and the frequency of renewal can be defined based on the material's service life. Table 1 shows the interventions and their frequency during the maintenance phase of a typical building. Mortar materials, which require a 50-year renewal period and have a design lifespan consistent with the building itself, are not included in the maintenance phase of components and materials, but rather in the overall demolition phase.

[0130] Table 1 Three types of intervention measures in the maintenance phase and their update frequency

[0131]

[0132]

[0133] According to the operating status of buildings under different energy-saving standards, maintenance intervention measures can be divided into three categories according to whether they meet the energy-saving standards, including:

[0134] (1) Maintenance that does not meet energy-saving standards during the operation phase;

[0135] (2) Maintenance that meets the 65% energy saving standard during the operation phase;

[0136] (3) Maintenance that meets the 75% energy saving standard during the operation phase.

[0137] 4. Demolition phase

[0138] Three demolition paths are designed based on the operating status of the building under different energy-saving standards, including:

[0139] (1) Demolition when the energy-saving standards are not met during the operation phase;

[0140] (2) Demolition is carried out when the energy saving standard of 65% is met during the operation phase;

[0141] (3) Demolition shall be carried out when the energy saving standard of 75% is met during the operation phase.

[0142] In order to calculate the recycling value of each building component during the demolition stage, the building and its components are demolished by disassembly by default.

[0143] 5. New construction stage

[0144] Based on the general principle of demolishing the old and building the new, the construction phase and demolition phase of a typical building are set within the same timeframe, meaning that new construction is assumed to occur within five years of the demolition of the existing building. New buildings must meet current standards for energy-efficient residential building design. For ease of calculation, new buildings are assumed to be of the same type and area as the typical building, while also meeting a 75% energy efficiency standard.

[0145] In summary, the dynamic process parameters of each life cycle stage of the building are shown in Table 2, which stipulates whether it participates in the calculation of the operation process and the input process.

[0146] Table 2 Meaning and codes of dynamic process parameters

[0147]

[0148]

[0149] Step S1-2: Based on the BIM-LCA technology path, establish a BIM model of a typical building, design energy-saving renovations for the building's envelope and heating system, and verify the renovation plan using energy consumption simulation software

[0150] Based on a survey of the building's plan and exterior, a BIM model was created using Revit software. Reference was made to construction practices and related atlases of similarly characterized buildings in North China to determine the components, specific construction, and average heat transfer coefficient of the building's primary envelope, as well as the form and main components of the indoor heating system. The main components of the building envelope and heating system are shown in Table 3.

[0151] Table 3 Main components of typical building envelope and heating system

[0152]

[0153] like Figure 6 As shown in the following example, based on the BIM-LCA technical approach, BIM models were used to design energy-saving renovations for building envelopes and heating systems. Energy consumption simulations were then conducted on the renovated buildings to verify whether the renovation plans achieved the 65% or 75% energy-saving targets. Renovated buildings that met the corresponding energy-saving standards were then included in subsequent LCA and LCC calculations. The energy-saving renovation plans for typical buildings are shown in Table 4, and the energy consumption simulation results are shown in Table 5.

[0154] Table 4 Typical building renovation design schemes with different energy-saving targets

[0155]

[0156] Table 5 Energy consumption simulation results of typical buildings with different energy-saving standards (unit: kWh / m2 / year)

[0157]

[0158] Step S1-3: Based on the BIM-LCA technical path, use life cycle assessment tools to conduct LCA and LCC analysis on the renovated buildings that have been verified by energy consumption simulation, calculate the resource consumption and environmental impact generated by the building during the investment process, and calculate the weight and cost of material consumption by material type. Calculate the unit area indicators of resource and environmental performance and material composition at each life cycle stage of the building, and obtain the benchmark flow parameter set for building stock renewal scenario simulation.

[0159] The flow calculations for all life cycle stages within the system boundary are based on per square meter of building area as the functional unit, including both the input process of new building components or materials and the disassembly and recycling process of old building components or materials, as follows:

[0160] (1) Building LCA calculation

[0161] The LCA calculation of building envelope and heating system involves four indicators, including primary energy consumption, global warming potential, cost and material consumption.

[0162] The LCA calculation for the building envelope is based on assigning structural layers to each component of the envelope BIM model using Revit software, and then using life cycle assessment tools to calculate the weight and environmental impact indicators of various materials. The LCA calculation for the building heating system is based on reviewing literature on relevant heating system renovation cases. First, the material usage per unit area of ​​the renovation process is estimated. Then, a simplified model is created in Revit to match the material quantities with the estimated quantities. Finally, the life cycle assessment tool is used to calculate the environmental impact indicators of the relevant materials.

[0163] In conjunction with the design of building renovation interventions, LCA results were compiled by building component and structural material classification. The LCA results were used to determine the primary building materials involved in the building lifecycle phase, including concrete, steel, non-ferrous metals, mortar, masonry, wood, and glass. These primary building materials were used as the material types involved in the material composition flow calculation. Among disassembled building components and materials, the main recyclable materials include the aluminum alloy in the exterior windows and the steel radiators and galvanized steel pipes in the heating system. The main materials that can be recycled as waste include the cement mortar leveling layer and waterproofing layer on the roof, as well as the glass in the exterior windows.

[0164] (2) Building LCC calculation

[0165] The LCC calculation of building envelope structures and heating systems takes into account the recycling benefits of components or materials, involving five indicators, including demolition weight, input weight, input cost, construction cost and recovery factor.

[0166] Specifically, LCC calculations for the energy-saving renovation and maintenance phases involve the input costs of new building components or materials and the recycling benefits of old components or materials. The demolition phase involves the construction costs of demolition and the recycling benefits of old components or materials. The new construction phase involves the construction costs of the building, estimated based on labor quotas and construction time. For ease of calculation, the construction costs of demolished components or materials are not included in the energy-saving renovation and maintenance phases; these costs are combined with the demolition phase.

[0167] By default, old building components or materials are dismantled, and the benefits of recycling are defined based on recycling methods. Unit price data for components and materials are primarily based on case studies in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and relevant price inquiry websites. Construction costs, recycling rates, and unit prices are primarily referenced from relevant literature. Two recycling coefficients are defined for glass: 0.9 for clear glass and 1.9 for low-e glass.

[0168] After arranging the above results, the typical building scenario simulation benchmark flow parameter set is as follows, among which the resource and environmental performance benchmark flow parameters are shown in Table 6, and the material composition benchmark flow parameters are shown in Table 7. The user input interface of the resource and environmental performance benchmark flow parameters is as follows Figure 7 As shown, the user input interface of the material composition reference flow parameter is as follows Figure 8 shown.

[0169] Table 6 Resource and environmental performance benchmark flow parameters for typical building scenario simulations

[0170]

[0171]

[0172] Table 7 Material composition benchmark flow parameters for typical building scenario simulation

[0173]

[0174]

[0175] Step S2: By creating a renewal scenario module, the physical status and expected life of the building are evaluated, and the building type parameters, area parameters, expected life parameters and status parameters of the building stock renewal scenario simulation are determined.

[0176] Step S2-1: Assess the physical state of the building, determine the building type, area, initial state value and attenuation coefficient, and set the state input value according to the intervention measures.

[0177] The physical condition of a building is quantified using two indicators: the condition value and the decay coefficient. The condition value refers to the physical quality of the building, measured in terms of structural quality, finish quality, and equipment quality. The decay coefficient refers to the rate of building degradation over time, calculated based on the annual depreciation rate of the building. The value of the decay coefficient for a newly constructed building depends on the physical quality condition of the building during the construction phase.

[0178] Table 8 shows the initial condition values ​​and five-year decay coefficients for different building types. Higher condition values ​​indicate better physical condition, while lower decay values ​​indicate slower aging. Based on the table below, a typical building has an initial condition value of 0.4 and a decay coefficient of 0.08.

[0179] Table 8 Initial state values ​​and attenuation coefficient values ​​for different types of buildings

[0180]

[0181] The operational state of a building is affected by intervention measures, so the state input value is calculated for each input process. Table 9 shows the state input values ​​for typical building scenarios. The state value range during building operation is defined as [0.2, 1]. The state value is reset to 0 during the demolition phase and 1 after the new building is constructed.

[0182] Table 9 State input values

[0183] Dynamic process State input value RP1(in.) 0.10 RP1(ex.) 0.10 RP2(in.) 0.10 RP2 (ex.) 0.10 RP3(in.) 0.10 RP3 (ex.) 0.10 RF1 0.20 RF2 0.20 RF3 0.20 EER1(1→2) 0.60 EER2(1→3) 0.60 EER3(2→3) 0.30 DM1 0.00 DM2 0.00 DM3 0.00 NEW 1.00

[0184] Step S2-2: Assess the expected life of the building, determine the expected life of the building based on the design service life and the year of construction, and set the demolition age for the building stock renewal scenario

[0185] The expected lifespan indicator is used to describe the remaining useful life of building stock. In accordance with the "Uniform Standard for Reliability Design of Building Structures," this embodiment of the present invention determines the design useful life of a building by building type and then estimates the remaining useful life based on the building's completion year.

[0186] Based on the above standards, if a typical building is designed to have a service life of 50 years, its demolition year is expected to be around 2035. Assuming the starting point of the scenario simulation is 2020, the expected lifespan of the building can be defined as 15 years.

[0187] In theory, the time point for building demolition depends on the building's expected lifespan. However, in reality, the demolition time of a building is not only restricted by internal conditions but also affected by the external environment. Therefore, the time point for building demolition needs to be set flexibly. Taking into account the property rights period and structural reinforcement technology, the building's demolition period can be extended by 20-30 years based on the expected lifespan. Taking into account the short lifespan and unreasonable demolition of the building, the building's demolition period can be shortened based on the expected lifespan. Accordingly, based on the property rights period and structural reinforcement technology, five time points can be set for the demolition of a typical building: the 15th year of operation of the existing building, the 35th year of operation of the existing building, the 50th year of operation of the newly built building, the 70th year of operation of the newly built building, and the 80th year of operation of the newly built building.

[0188] Combined with the scenario settings of the operation and investment process of each life cycle stage of the building, the values ​​of various building parameters in the typical building scenario simulation are shown in Table 10.

[0189] Table 10 Building parameters and their values ​​for typical building scenario simulation

[0190]

[0191] Step S3: By inputting the dynamic process module, based on the scenario classification, the timing arrangement of the operation process and the input process in the building stock renewal scenario is set to simulate and visualize the dynamic process of all life cycle stages of the building stock renewal.

[0192] Step S3-1: Classify scenarios according to the priority strategy of building stock update sequence and preliminarily set the building stock update sequence

[0193] Based on the definition of the new construction phase, buildings do not require further energy-saving retrofits after construction. Therefore, the timing of the renovation scenarios can be divided into two categories based on whether or not energy-saving retrofits are included, as shown in Table 11 below. Category A scenarios do not include energy-saving retrofits, while Category B scenarios do. This secondary classification of scenarios specifically defines the priority strategy for each scenario: demolition and new construction (DM&NEW), existing condition (EX), periodic maintenance (R), and energy-saving retrofit (EER).

[0194] Table 11 Classification and timing of building stock renewal scenarios

[0195]

[0196] Step S3-2: Set the timing of the operation and investment processes in the building stock renewal scenario based on the building type parameters and scenario classification, and simulate the dynamic process of the building stock renewal scenario in all life cycle stages in the next 100 years in units of 5 years.

[0197] According to the scenario classification and update sequence, the dynamic process of multiple groups of typical building scenario simulations is set, as shown in Table 12.

[0198] Table 12 Dynamic process of multiple typical building scenario simulations (within 100 years)

[0199]

[0200]

[0201]

[0202] Step S4: Set the types of building materials involved in the input process in the building stock renewal scenario through the input material composition module.

[0203] According to steps S1 and S3, the material types involved in the typical building renovation investment process are determined, as shown in Table 13, and the material types are subdivided according to the dynamic process input of the scenario simulation.

[0204] Table 13: Types of materials involved in typical building renovation investment processes

[0205] Investment process concrete steel Non-ferrous metals mortar Brick and Stone wood Glass Minor repairs -- -- -- √ -- -- -- Major repairs -- √ √ -- -- √ √ Energy-saving transformation -- √ √ √ -- -- √ tear down √ √ √ √ √ √ √ New √ √ √ √ √ √ √

[0206] Step S5: Calculate the resource and environmental flows and material composition flows of the building stock renewal scenario simulation through the output simulation result module, output the flow calculation results of a single scenario, and output the flow summary and flow statistics results of multiple buildings or multiple scenarios based on the flow calculation of a single scenario.

[0207] Step S5-1: Flow calculation for a single scenario

[0208] The basic formula for calculating the flow rate of a single scenario is expressed by formula (1.1):

[0209] T=t·a (1.1)

[0210] In the formula, t represents the benchmark flow, that is, the flow per unit area; a represents the total building area; and T represents the total flow.

[0211] 1. Flow calculation with resource and environmental performance as core indicators

[0212] The indicators involved in the calculation of resource and environmental flows include primary energy consumption, global warming potential, cost, material consumption and status value.

[0213] The calculation results of resource and environmental flow involve two aspects: relative cumulative value and absolute cumulative value. In the embodiment of the present invention, the relative cumulative value refers to the resource and environmental flow accumulated every 5 years, and the absolute cumulative value refers to the resource and environmental flow accumulated within 100 years.

[0214] Specifically, the formula for calculating the accumulated resource and environmental flows every five years is shown in formula (1.2):

[0215] P per5 =p op ·a op +p in ·a in (1.2)

[0216] Where p op Indicates the operating value per unit area; a op Indicates the total building area during the building operation period; p in Indicates the input value per unit area; a in Indicates the total construction area of ​​the building at the time of investment; P per5 It represents the resource and environmental flow of the building operation and investment every five years.

[0217] Specifically, the formula for calculating the accumulated resource and environmental flows over 100 years is shown in formula (1.3):

[0218]

[0219] Where, P per5，y represents the resource and environmental flow in the yth five-year period; P total Represents the total amount of resource and environmental flow accumulated over 100 years; where y ranges from [1, 20].

[0220] To assess the physical condition of a building, the formula for calculating the building condition value every five years is shown in formula (1.4):

[0221] S i，y =S i，y-1 -e s，y +s in，y (1.4)

[0222] Where S i，y Indicates the status value of the yth 5-year period; S i，y-1 Indicates the state value of the previous 5 years. When y is 1, S i，0 That is the initial state value; e s，y represents the attenuation coefficient for the yth 5-year period; s in，y Represents the state input value generated in the yth five years.

[0223] Summarizing the above results, the average values ​​of various resource and environmental flows during the operation and investment process of the building stock within 100 years, taking the typical building renewal scenario B3-1-7 as an example, are shown in Table 14.

[0224] Table 14 Average values ​​of resource and environmental flows for typical building renewal scenario B3-1-7 (per year)

[0225]

[0226]

[0227] 2. Flow calculation with material composition as the core indicator

[0228] The indicators involved in the calculation of material composition flow include material weight and material cost.

[0229] The calculation results of material composition flow involve three aspects: material weight flow, material weight inventory and material cost flow.

[0230] In the embodiment of the present invention, the building materials involved in the material composition flow calculation include concrete, steel, nonferrous metals, mortar, masonry, wood, and glass.

[0231] Specifically, the calculation formula for the accumulated material weight flow every five years is shown in formula (2.1):

[0232] M per5 =m in ·a in -m de ·a de (2.1)

[0233] Where m in Indicates the weight of material input per unit area; a in Indicates the total construction area of ​​the building at the time of construction; m de Indicates the weight of materials removed per unit area; a de Indicates the total floor area of ​​the building at the time of demolition; M per5 It represents the total weight of materials used in a building every five years, including when it is put into use and when it is demolished.

[0234] Specifically, the formula for calculating the accumulated material weight inventory every five years is shown in formula (2.2):

[0235] M i，y =M i，y-1 +M in，y -M de，y (2.2).

[0236] Where M i，y Indicates the material weight in the yth 5-year period; M i，y-1 Indicates the material weight of the previous five years. When y is 1, M i，0 is the initial material weight; M in，y represents the weight of material input in the yth five-year period; M de，y Indicates the weight of material demolition in the yth 5-year period.

[0237] Specifically, the formula for calculating the material cost flow accumulated every five years is shown in formula (2.3):

[0238] C per5 =c co ·a co +c in ·a in -M de ·e re (2.3)

[0239] Where c co represents the construction cost per unit area; a co Indicates the construction area; c in Indicates the material cost input per unit area; a de Indicates the total construction area of ​​the building at the time of investment; M de Indicates the weight of the removed material; e re Indicates the material recovery factor; C per5 It represents the total material cost flow every five years during the construction, commissioning and demolition of a building.

[0240] Specifically, the flow calculation formula for the accumulated material weight or material cost in m years is shown in formula (2.4):

[0241]

[0242] Where Q per5，y represents the material weight flow or material cost flow in the yth 5-year period; Q total Represents the total material weight flow or total material cost flow accumulated over 100 years; where y ranges from [1,20].

[0243] Sorting out the above results, taking the typical building renewal scenario B3-1-7 as an example, the average weight flow of various materials invested in the building stock over 100 years is shown in Table 15, and the average material cost flow is shown in Table 16.

[0244] Table 15 Average weight per unit area of ​​various materials for typical building renovation scenario B3-1-7 (per year)

[0245] index state unit average value concrete tear down kg / square meter / year -11.01 steel tear down kg / m2 / year -0.69 Non-ferrous metals tear down kg / m2 / year -0.05 mortar tear down kg / square meter / year -3.57 Brick and Stone tear down kg / m2 / year -5.89 wood tear down kg / m2 / year -0.09 Glass tear down kg / m2 / year -0.08 concrete investment kg / m2 / year 11.01 steel investment kg / square meter / year 0.66 Non-ferrous metals investment kg / m2 / year 0.04 mortar investment kg / square meter / year 3.98 Brick and Stone investment kg / m2 / year 0.00 wood investment kg / square meter / year 0.09 Glass investment kg / m2 / year 0.11 concrete total kg / square meter / year 0.00 steel total kg / m2 / year -0.03 Non-ferrous metals total kg / m2 / year -0.01 mortar total kg / square meter / year 0.41 Brick and Stone total kg / m2 / year -5.89 wood total kg / m2 / year 0.00 Glass total kg / square meter / year 0.03

[0246] Table 16 Average per unit area cost of various materials for typical building renovation scenario B3-1-7 (per year)

[0247]

[0248]

[0249] Step S5-2: Traffic aggregation and traffic statistics for multiple buildings or multiple scenarios

[0250] On the one hand, traffic aggregation can be used to compare and analyze simulation results for typical buildings under different scenarios in the embodiments of the present invention. On the other hand, the scenario simulation process for a single building can be extended to multiple buildings. By applying the scenario simulation process for a single building to multiple buildings, traffic calculation results for multiple buildings can be obtained, and then traffic statistics can be calculated to obtain the overall traffic for the scenario simulations of multiple buildings.

[0251] Step S6: Through the output optimal solution module, the indicator normalization and indicator weighting methods are used to process the output results of the building stock renewal scenario simulation, and the weighted summation method is used to calculate the comprehensive benefits of various resource and environmental performances of the building under different weights. The optimal solution of the dynamic evaluation is compared and selected to obtain the optimal strategy for building stock renewal.

[0252] In order to evaluate the comprehensive benefits of building stock renewal scenarios, the indicator normalization and weighted summation methods are used to process the output results of scenario simulation.

[0253] Step S6-1: normalizing the resource and environmental performance index values ​​of the building stock renewal scenario simulation results and outputting radar chart results;

[0254] The five core resource and environmental performance indicators involved in the normalization calculation include primary energy consumption, global warming potential, cost, material consumption and status value. Among them, primary energy consumption, global warming potential, cost and material consumption are the annual cumulative values ​​per unit area of ​​the investment process and operation process after the building has been in operation for m years, and the status value is the average value of the building within m years.

[0255] The normalized calculation of the index value is shown in formula (3.1):

[0256]

[0257] In the formula, x is the true value; x min is the minimum value of the array; x max is the maximum value of the array; f(x) is the normalized value. The normalized value range is [0,1].

[0258] Since primary energy consumption, global warming potential, cost and material consumption are negatively correlated with building performance, and status value is positively correlated with building performance, the optimal value of the normalized result is defined as 1. The normalization of the four indicators of primary energy consumption, global warming potential, cost and material consumption is treated as negative numbers in the calculation, as shown in formula (3.2):

[0259] f(x′)=1-f(x) (3.2)

[0260] Where f(x) represents the value calculated by the normalization formula, and f(x′) represents the normalized value obtained after negation processing.

[0261] The resource and environmental performance index values ​​and their normalized values ​​output from the simulation of multiple typical building scenarios are shown in Table 17.

[0262] Step S6-2: weight the normalized values ​​of the indicators and calculate the comprehensive benefits of the building's resource and environmental performance under different weights through a weighted summation method;

[0263] The weighted sum of the index values ​​is calculated as shown in formula (3.3):

[0264] r=r PE ·f PE +r GWP ·f GWP +r COST ·f COST +r MF ·f MF +r S ·f S (3.3)

[0265] Where r PE Represents the normalized value of the primary energy consumption index; r GWP represents the normalized value of the global warming potential index; r COST represents the normalized value of the cost indicator; r MF Represents the normalized value of material consumption index; r S Indicates the normalized value of the state value indicator; f PE Indicates the weight value of the primary energy consumption index; f GWP represents the weight value of the global warming potential index; f COST Indicates the weight value of the cost indicator; f MF Indicates the weight value of material consumption index; f S Indicates the weight of the status indicator. The weight of each indicator takes into account factors such as assessment objectives, decision requirements, and data sources, and is set using an expert scoring method.

[0266] The weight values ​​of typical building resource and environmental performance indicators set according to different priority goals are shown in Table 18, and the weighted sum of the output results of multiple groups of typical building scenario simulations is shown in Table 19.

[0267] Table 17 Actual and normalized values ​​of resource and environmental performance indicators output from simulations of multiple typical building scenarios

[0268]

[0269]

[0270] Table 18 Weight values ​​of typical building resource and environmental performance indicators for different priority targets

[0271]

[0272]

[0273] Table 19 Weighted summation of resource and environmental performance indicators output from multiple groups of typical building scenario simulations

[0274] scene Sum 1 Sum 2 Sum 3 Sum 4 (B3-1-1) 4.54 14.04 12.71 13.54 (B3-1-4) 4.54 14.04 12.71 13.54 (B3-1-7) 4.54 14.04 12.71 13.54 (B1-1-1) 4.48 13.74 12.60 13.49 (B1-1-9) 4.45 13.32 12.79 13.62 (B1-1-5) 4.39 13.35 12.36 13.35 (A3-1) 4.38 13.12 12.97 13.53 (B2-2) 4.35 13.18 12.27 13.21 (B3-1-10) 4.34 13.56 11.84 13.02 (A2-3) 4.30 13.09 13.04 13.18 (B2-1) 4.19 12.79 11.55 12.77 (B2-4) 4.05 12.18 11.17 12.55 (B1-1-12) 3.99 11.93 11.00 12.54 (B3-2-5) 3.89 11.23 11.13 12.54 (B1-2-1) 3.87 11.14 11.07 12.55 (A3-10) 3.85 10.84 11.09 12.71 (B3-2-2) 3.82 11.06 10.80 12.34 (B1-2-3) 3.73 10.34 10.88 12.42 (A2-7) 3.65 10.98 11.73 11.64 (A3-14) 3.52 9.23 10.52 12.30 (A3-15) 3.32 8.34 10.07 12.05 (A2-8) 3.25 10.22 10.81 9.09 (A2-9) 3.12 9.18 10.96 10.44 (A2-12) 2.82 8.17 10.39 9.72 (A3-17) 2.67 5.88 7.93 10.78 (A2-14) 2.16 6.06 9.09 8.19 (A1-1) 2.09 5.64 4.71 5.72 (B3-1-6) 1.78 4.55 3.07 5.03 (B3-1-2) 1.76 4.57 3.17 4.90 (B1-1-2) 1.70 4.27 3.05 4.84 (B1-1-6) 1.63 3.84 2.69 4.83 (A3-2) 1.60 3.64 3.43 4.88 (A2-4) 1.53 3.62 3.49 4.53 (A3-11) 1.09 1.33 1.43 4.18

[0275] Step S6-3: Compare and select the optimal solution of dynamic evaluation based on the radar chart and comprehensive benefits to obtain the optimal strategy for building stock renewal.

[0276] In summary, the dynamic evaluation results of resource and environmental performance of typical building stock renewal with different priority targets are as follows:

[0277] The optimal scenarios for comprehensive benefits with performance balance as the goal and carbon emission reduction as the priority goal are scenarios B3-1-1, B3-1-4, and B3-1-7, and their update strategies are:

[0278] 1. Renovation and renovation that meets 75% energy-saving standards have been carried out within the past five years;

[0279] 2. After energy-saving renovation, demolition and new construction will be carried out within 35 years;

[0280] 3. After the energy-saving transformation, 6 periodic maintenances that meet the 75% energy-saving standard are carried out, including 4 small maintenances and 2 large maintenances.

[0281] The optimal scenario for comprehensive benefits with cost saving as the priority goal is scenario A2-3, and its update strategy is:

[0282] 1. Demolition and new construction in the 15th year;

[0283] 2. After new construction, carry out 5 periodic maintenance that meets the 75% energy saving standard, including 3 small maintenance and 2 large maintenance.

[0284] The optimal scenario for comprehensive benefits with reducing material consumption as the priority goal is scenario B1-1-9, and its update strategy is:

[0285] 1. Renovation and renovation that meets 65% energy-saving standards have been carried out within the past five years;

[0286] 2. Carry out minor repairs that meet the 65% energy saving standard in the 20th year;

[0287] 3. Demolition and new construction in the 35th year;

[0288] 4. After new construction, carry out 4 periodic maintenance that meets the 75% energy saving standard, including 2 small maintenance and 2 large maintenance.

[0289] While the above description of specific embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this description is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Persons skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations made by those skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention. Furthermore, although certain specific terms are used in this specification, these terms are for convenience only and do not constitute any limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic assessment system for building stock resource and environmental performance that implements scenario simulation, characterized in that: The evaluation system includes a module for configuring reference flow parameters, a module for creating and updating scenarios, a module for inputting dynamic processes, a module for inputting material composition, a module for outputting simulation results, and a module for outputting optimal solutions; wherein the following steps are included: Step S1: By configuring the benchmark flow parameter module, setting the building life cycle system boundary and the intervention measures involved in the investment process, using the BIM-LCA technical path to calculate the unit area indicators of resource and environmental performance and material composition at each life cycle stage of the building, and inputting the benchmark flow parameter set for the building stock renewal scenario simulation; Step S2: By creating a renewal scenario module, the physical condition and life expectancy of the building are evaluated, and the building type parameters, area parameters, life expectancy parameters and condition parameters of the building stock renewal scenario simulation are determined; Step S3: By inputting the dynamic process module, based on the scenario classification, the timing arrangement of the operation process and the input process in the building stock renewal scenario is set, and the dynamic process of all life cycle stages of the building stock renewal is simulated and visualized; Specifically: Four priority strategies are defined for the building stock renewal sequence, including: demolition and new construction (DM&NEW), maintaining the existing status (EX), periodic maintenance (R), and energy-saving renovation (EER). categorize scenarios based on priority strategies for building stock renewal timing; According to the building type parameters and scenario classification, the timing arrangement of the operation process and investment process in the building stock renewal scenario is set to simulate the dynamic process of all life cycle stages of the building stock renewal; Step S4: Set the types of building materials involved in the input process of the building stock renewal scenario through the input material composition module; Step S5: Calculate the resource and environmental flows and material composition flows of the building stock renewal scenario simulation through the simulation result output module, output the flow calculation results of a single scenario, and output the flow summary and flow statistics results of multiple buildings or multiple scenarios based on the flow calculation of a single scenario; Step S6: Through the output optimal solution module, the indicator normalization and indicator weighting methods are used to process the output results of the building stock renewal scenario simulation, and the weighted summation method is used to calculate the comprehensive benefits of various resource and environmental performances of the building under different weights. The optimal solution of the dynamic evaluation is compared and selected to obtain the optimal strategy for building stock renewal.

2. The dynamic assessment system for building stock resource environmental performance that implements scenario simulation according to claim 1 is characterized by: Step S1 configures the benchmark flow parameter module, sets the building life cycle system boundary and the intervention measures involved in the investment process, uses the BIM-LCA technical path to calculate the unit area indicators of resource and environmental performance and material composition at each life cycle stage of the building, and inputs the benchmark flow parameter set for the building stock renewal scenario simulation, specifically including: The building life cycle system boundary and intervention measures involved in the input process are characterized by: The system boundary of the building stock life cycle includes five building life cycle stages, namely the operation stage, maintenance stage, energy-saving renovation stage, demolition stage and new construction stage. The mining, production and transportation processes of building materials are not involved in these life cycle stages. The operation process of building stock renewal includes two parts: the operation of existing buildings and the operation of newly built buildings. Together with the demolition stage and the new construction stage, it forms a closed loop of the dynamic process of stock renewal. The investment process of building stock renewal includes the maintenance stage, energy-saving renovation stage, demolition stage and new construction stage; During the maintenance phase, maintenance paths are set based on the building's operating status and intervention measures under different energy-saving standards; The maintenance phase is cyclical, with the frequency of interventions defined according to the material's service life; During the demolition phase, the demolition path is set according to the operating status of the building under different energy-saving standards; Meeting current standards for energy-efficient design of residential buildings during the new construction phase; The flow calculation of all life cycle stages within the system boundary is based on per square meter of building area as the functional unit, including both the input process of new building components or materials and the disassembly and recycling process of old building components or materials.

3. The dynamic assessment system for building stock resource environmental performance that implements scenario simulation according to claim 2 is characterized by: The BIM-LCA technical path includes the following: Establish a BIM building information model for the target building, and assign structural layers and materials to the building in the BIM building information model; Design energy-saving renovations for the building envelope and heating system according to energy-saving standards, determine the intervention measures involved in the renovation process, and use energy consumption simulation software to verify whether the energy-saving renovation plan meets the energy-saving standards; Life cycle assessment tools are used to conduct life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost (LCC) analysis on the renovated buildings that have been verified by energy consumption simulation. The resource consumption and environmental impact generated by the building during the investment process are calculated, the unit area indicators of the building's various resource and environmental performance and material composition are determined, and the benchmark flow parameter set for the building stock renewal scenario simulation is obtained.

4. The dynamic assessment system for building stock resource environmental performance that implements scenario simulation according to claim 2 is characterized by: The method for calculating the unit area index of resource and environmental performance and material composition at each life cycle stage of a building is characterized by: The LCA calculation of building envelope and heating system involves four indicators, including primary energy consumption, global warming potential, cost and material consumption; The LCC calculation for the building envelope and heating system involves five indicators, including demolition weight, input weight, input cost, construction cost, and recovery factor; The LCA calculation of the building envelope structure first assigns structural layers and materials to each component of the envelope structure BIM model, and then uses life cycle assessment tools to calculate the weight and environmental impact indicators of each type of material; The LCA calculation of the building heating system first estimates the material usage per unit area during the renovation process, then establishes a simplified BIM model that matches the material quantity with the estimated quantity, and finally uses the life cycle assessment tool to calculate the environmental impact indicators of the relevant materials; LCA and LCC calculations for buildings involve seven building materials, including concrete, steel, nonferrous metals, mortar, masonry, wood, and glass; By default, old building components or materials are demolished by disassembly, and the benefits of material recycling are defined by recycling; The LCC calculations during the energy-saving renovation and maintenance phases involve the input costs of new building components or materials and the recycling benefits of old building components or materials; The LCC calculation during the demolition phase involves the construction costs of building demolition and the benefits of recycling old components or materials; The LCC calculation for the new construction phase involves the construction costs of building the building, which are estimated based on the labor quota and time required for construction.

5. The dynamic assessment system for building stock resource environmental performance that implements scenario simulation according to claim 1 is characterized by: The step S2 creates a renewal scenario module, evaluates the physical condition and life expectancy of the building, and determines the building type parameters, area parameters, life expectancy parameters, and condition parameters for the building stock renewal scenario simulation, specifically including: Step S2-1: Assess the physical state of the building, determine the building type, area, initial state value and attenuation coefficient, and set the state input value according to the intervention measures; The status value refers to the physical quality status of the building, which is measured from three aspects: structural quality, decoration quality and equipment quality; The operating status of a building is affected by intervention measures, and the state input value is calculated every time an intervention measure is taken; The decay coefficient refers to the rate at which a building deteriorates over time, calculated with reference to the annual rate of depreciation of the building; The value of the building attenuation coefficient after construction depends on the setting of the physical quality status of the building during the construction stage; Step S2-2: Assess the expected life of the building, determine the expected life of the building based on the design service life and the year of construction, and set the demolition age for the building stock renewal scenario.

6. The dynamic assessment system for building stock resource environmental performance that implements scenario simulation according to claim 1 is characterized by: The step S5 calculates the resource environment flow and material composition flow of the building renewal scenario simulation through the output simulation result module, outputs the flow calculation result of a single scenario, and outputs the flow summary and flow statistics results of multiple buildings or multiple scenarios based on the flow calculation of a single scenario, specifically including: Step S5-1: flow calculation for a single scenario; Step S5-2: Summarize and calculate traffic flow statistics for multiple buildings or multiple scenarios.

7. The dynamic assessment system for building stock resource environmental performance that implements scenario simulation according to claim 6 is characterized by: The resource environment flow and material composition flow of the building renewal scenario simulation are calculated. The basic formula for calculating the flow rate of a single scenario is given by express: ， Where, Indicates the base flow, i.e. the flow per unit area; Indicates the total building area; Indicates the total flow rate; The indicators involved in the calculation of resource and environmental flows include primary energy consumption, global warming potential, cost, material consumption and status value; The calculation results of resource and environmental flows involve two aspects: relative cumulative values ​​and absolute cumulative values. The relative cumulative value refers to the resource and environmental flows accumulated every n years, and the absolute cumulative value refers to the resource and environmental flows accumulated over m years. Specifically, the formula for calculating the accumulated resource and environmental flow in units of n years is as follows: As shown: ， Where, Indicates the operating value per unit area; It represents the total floor area during the operation of the building; Indicates the input value per unit area; It represents the total floor area of ​​the building at the time of commissioning; It represents the total resource and environmental flow of the building during operation and commissioning every n years; specifically, the calculation formula for the accumulated resource and environmental flow in m years is as follows: As shown: ； Where, Indicates the Resource and environmental flow per unit time; It represents the total amount of resource and environmental flow accumulated in m years; where m is a positive integer multiple of n, and the value range of y is [1, m / n]. Specifically, the formula for calculating the building status value in units of n years is as follows: As shown: ； Where, Indicates the State value per unit time; Represents the state value of the previous unit time, where When 1 is taken, That is the initial state value; Indicates the Attenuation coefficient per unit time; Indicates the The state input value generated per unit time; the indicators involved in the calculation of material composition flow include material weight and material cost; The calculation results of material composition flow involve three aspects: material weight flow, material weight inventory and material cost flow; Specifically, the calculation formula for the accumulated material weight flow in units of n years is as follows: As shown: ； Where, Indicates the weight input of materials per unit area; It represents the total floor area of ​​the building at the time of commissioning; Indicates the amount of material removed per unit area by weight; It represents the total floor area of ​​the building at the time of demolition; It represents the total weight of materials used in each n years when the building is put into use and demolished; Specifically, the formula for calculating the accumulated material weight inventory every n years is as follows: As shown: ； Where, Indicates the The weight of the material per unit time; Indicates the weight of the material in the previous unit time, where When 1 is taken, This is the initial material weight; Indicates the Weight of material input per unit time; Indicates the The weight of materials removed per unit time; Specifically, the formula for calculating the material cost flow accumulated every n years is as follows: As shown: ； Where, represents the construction cost per unit area; Indicates the construction area; Indicates the material cost input per unit area; It represents the total floor area of ​​the building at the time of commissioning; Indicates the weight of material removed; represents the material recovery factor; It represents the total material cost flow of the building during construction, commissioning and demolition every n years; specifically, the flow calculation formula of the accumulated material weight or material cost in m years is as follows: As shown: ； Where, Indicates the Material weight flow or material cost flow per unit time; Represents the total material weight flow or total material cost flow accumulated over m years; where m is a positive integer multiple of n, and the value range of y is [1, m / n].

8. The dynamic assessment system for building stock resource environmental performance that implements scenario simulation according to claim 1 is characterized by: The step S6 processes the output results of the building stock renewal scenario simulation using the indicator normalization and indicator weighting method through the output optimal solution module, calculates the comprehensive benefits of various resource and environmental performances of the building under different weights through the weighted summation method, compares and selects the optimal solution of the dynamic evaluation, and obtains the optimal strategy for building stock renewal, which specifically includes: Step S6-1: normalizing the resource and environmental performance index values ​​of the building stock renewal scenario simulation results and outputting radar chart results; Step S6-2: weighting the normalized values ​​of the indicators, and calculating the comprehensive benefits of the building resource and environmental performance under different weights by the weighted summation method; Step S6-3: Compare and select the optimal solution of dynamic evaluation based on the radar chart and comprehensive benefits to obtain the optimal strategy for building stock renewal.

9. The dynamic assessment system for building stock resource environmental performance that implements scenario simulation according to claim 8 is characterized by: The output results of the building stock renewal scenario simulation are processed using the indicator normalization and indicator weighting method. The comprehensive benefits of various resource and environmental performances of buildings under different weights are calculated using the weighted summation method, specifically including: The five resource and environmental performance indicators involved in the normalization calculation include primary energy consumption, global warming potential, cost, material consumption, and status value. Among them, primary energy consumption, global warming potential, cost, and material consumption are the cumulative values ​​per unit area of ​​the investment process and operation process after the building has been in operation for m years. The status value is the average value of the building over m years. The normalization calculation of the index value is as follows: As shown: ； Where, is the true value; is the minimum value of the array; is the maximum value of the array; is the normalized value, the value range is [0,1], and the optimal value of the normalized result is defined as 1; Among them, the normalization of the four indicators of primary energy consumption, global warming potential, cost and material consumption needs to be negative, as shown in the formula As shown: ； Where, Represents the value calculated by the normalization formula, Represents the normalized value obtained after negation processing; The weighted sum of the index values ​​is calculated as follows: As shown: ； Where, Indicates the normalized value of the primary energy consumption index; represents the normalized value of the global warming potential indicator; represents the normalized value of the cost indicator; Indicates the normalized value of material consumption index; Indicates the normalized value of the status value indicator; Indicates the weight value of the primary energy consumption index; Indicates the weight value of the global warming potential indicator; Indicates the weight value of the cost indicator; Indicates the weight value of material consumption index; Indicates the weight value of the status value indicator.

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