Antenna for multi-band and multi-polarization communication

Abstract

An antenna for multi-bandwidth and multi-polarization communication is provided, and the antenna can include a plurality of radiators configured to collectively function as one or more pairs of dipoles and a plurality of parasitic elements. Each of the radiators can be configured to facilitate resonance over two or more non-overlapping frequency bands, and each of the radiators can include an arm and a ground wall connecting the arm and a ground plane. The arm can include an arm plate and a folded arm. The ground wall can include a curved portion that causes a distance between the arm and the ground plane to be shorter than a length of a current conduction path between the arm and the ground plane along the ground wall. A projection of each of the parasitic elements can extend between two gaps of projections of an associated one of the radiators in a sandwiched radiator on a geometric reference plane. The present invention achieves the benefits of multi-bandwidth and multi-polarization.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This invention claims priority to the following: U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 872,266, filed July 10, 2019, and U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 898,587, filed June 11, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This invention relates to an antenna for multi-bandwidth and multi-polarization communication, and more specifically, to a dipole antenna that achieves dual-bandwidth communication through an ingeniously configured radiator and parasitic element, wherein each radiator may include a folded arm and a ground wall with a curved portion, and each parasitic element may partially surround one of the associated radiators. Background Technology

[0004] Antennas are essential for modern electronic devices that require radio frequency (RF) capabilities, such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops. As communication standards evolve to provide faster data transmission rates and higher throughput, antennas need to meet increasingly challenging requirements. For example, to meet the requirements of fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication on frequency range 2 (FR2) bands with dual-polarization diversity (MIMO), antennas need to support wider bandwidths than 19.5% and 16.1% on two separate non-overlapping frequency bands (from 24.25 to 29.5 GHz and from 37.0 to 43.5 GHz), respectively. They also need to transmit and / or receive independent signals with different polarizations (e.g., two signals carrying two different data streams via horizontal and vertical polarization, respectively), where the independent signals with different polarizations have high signal isolation between these different polarizations, thus providing high cross-polarization discrimination (XPD).

[0005] Furthermore, since modern electronic devices are expected to have small form factors, antennas are expected to be compact, resulting in limited remaining space for the antenna. Therefore, antennas need to have a high bandwidth-to-volume ratio, which is the bandwidth that the antenna can operate per unit volume (measured in Hertz per cubic millimeter (Hz / mm³)).

[0006] In traditional technologies, stacked patch antennas support two frequency bands by stacking two patches, but this cannot meet the bandwidth requirements of 5G mobile communication. Stacked patch antennas also have a relatively low bandwidth-to-volume ratio. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The object of this invention is to provide an antenna (e.g., for multi-bandwidth (e.g., dual-bandwidth) and multi-polarization (e.g., dual-polarization) communication. Figures 1a to 1f Antenna 100 in the image). The antenna may include a connection to a ground plane (e.g., ...). Figure 1a The G0 in the middle is a series of mutually separated radiators. Figures 1a to 1f as well as Figures 2a to 2c r[1] to r[4]). The plurality of radiators can be configured to collectively serve as one or more pairs (e.g., two pairs) of dipoles, and each of the radiators can be configured to contribute to two or more non-overlapping frequency bands (e.g., Figure 8 The resonance at 810 and 820).

[0008] Each of these radiators (e.g., r[n], where n = 1 to 4) may include a conductive arm (e.g., Figure 2b and Figure 2c (a[n]) and the conductive grounding wall (e.g., connecting the arm and the ground plane) Figure 2b and Figure 2c In g[n]). Each arm may include a conductive arm plate (e.g., Figure 2b and Figure 2c b[n]) and conductive folded arms (e.g., Figure 2c h[n1] or h[n2] in the image). The ground wall can be accessed from the bottom surface of the arm plate ( Figure 2c The bb[n] extends outward (e.g., downward along the negative Z direction). Figure 2b and Figure 2c The folding arm can be extended outwards (e.g., downwards) from the bottom or top surface of the arm plate. Figure 2b and Figure 2c The arm extends in a manner where the top surface of the arm plate is opposite to the bottom surface of the arm plate, and the folding arm can be separated from the grounding wall and the grounding plane (e.g., Figure 2d ).

[0009] In the embodiments (e.g., Figure 2dThe grounding wall can extend outward from a first position (e.g., gs[n1] or gs[n2]) on the bottom surface of the arm plate, and the folding arm can extend outward from a second position (e.g., hs[n1] or hs[n2]) on the top or bottom surface of the arm plate; on a geometric reference plane (xy-plane) parallel to the bottom surface of the arm plate, the projection of the first position can be within the internal geometric region (e.g., within the projection of the arm plate) of the arm plate. Figure 2d In bc[n]), and the projection of the second position can be configured in the geometric region between the boundary of the internal geometric region and the boundary of the projection of the arm plate (e.g., Figure 2d In the context of bd[n]), the boundary of the internal geometric region and the boundary of the projection of the arm plate can be configured to be non-intersecting (intersect).

[0010] In the embodiments (e.g., Figure 2f or Figure 2g Each folding arm may include an extension plate (e.g., hd[n1] or hd[n2]) and a first extension wall (e.g., hc[n1] or hc[n2]). The extension plate is parallel to the arm plate and may be spaced apart from the arm plate. The first extension wall may connect the arm plate and the extension plate. In embodiments (e.g., Figure 2g Each folding arm may further include a second extension wall (e.g., hf[n1] or hf[n2]), which may extend outward from the top surface or the bottom surface of the extension plate and may be separated from the arm plate and the first extension wall.

[0011] In an embodiment, the antenna may further include a plurality of parasitic elements ( Figures 1a to 1f as well as Figure 4a p[1] to p[4]). The plurality of parasitic elements can be insulated from each other, and each of the parasitic elements is insulated from the plurality of radiators and the ground plane. In the geometric reference plane (e.g., Figure 4a On the xy-plane, the projection of each parasitic element (e.g., p[n], where n = 1 to 4) can be in the two gaps ( Figure 4a The gaps gp[1] and gp[2] extend between the plurality of radiators, wherein the gap holds the projection of one of the associated radiators (e.g., r[n]), and the projection of each of the parasitic elements may be arranged not exactly around the geometric origin which is the geometric center of the projection of the plurality of radiators.

[0012] In the embodiments (e.g., Figure 4d On this geometric reference plane, the projection of each parasitic element (e.g., p[n]) can partially overlap with the projection of the associated radiator (e.g., r[n]) among the plurality of radiators. In embodiments (e.g., Figure 4eOn this geometric reference plane, the projection of each parasitic element can lie within the projection of the associated radiator among the plurality of radiators. In an embodiment (e.g., Figure 4f On the geometric reference plane, the projection of each parasitic element may not overlap with the projection of the associated radiator among the plurality of radiators.

[0013] In the embodiments (e.g., Figures 1a-1f as well as Figure 5a The antenna may further include one or more conductive coupling elements (e.g., c[1] to c[4]). Each of these coupling elements may be insulated from the plurality of radiators, the plurality of parasitic elements, and the ground plane. On the geometric reference plane, each of these coupling elements (e.g., Figure 5a The projection of c[1] or c[4] in the middle has two parts (e.g., Figure 5a 511 and 512, or 514 and 515, are respectively within the projection of two parasitic elements (e.g., p[1] and p[2], or p[4] and p[1]) in the plurality of parasitic elements.

[0014] In the embodiments (e.g., Figure 4a or Figure 4e On this geometric reference plane, the projections of any two of the plurality of parasitic elements can be arranged to not overlap.

[0015] In the embodiments (e.g., Figure 4g or Figure 5b On this geometric reference plane, the projections of two of the plurality of parasitic elements can partially overlap.

[0016] In the embodiments (e.g., Figure 4c Each of these parasitic elements includes at least two series-connected portions (e.g., Figure 4c The s[n1] to s[nQ] in the series, and two adjacent parts in the series, can extend along two non-parallel directions (e.g., v[n1] and v[n2]).

[0017] In an embodiment, the grounding wall of each radiator may include a curved portion ( Figure 2d , Figure 3a as well as Figures 3c to 3e gb[n] in, or Figure 3b (gb[n1], gb[n2]), the curved portion makes the distance between the arm and the ground plane (e.g., Figure 2d d1) is shorter than the length of the current conduction path (e.g., 200) along the grounding wall between the arm and the grounding plane.

[0018] In the embodiments ( Figure 3aAs in one of the 3e), the grounding wall may further include a first support wall (e.g., ga[n1] or ga[n2]) and a second support wall (e.g., gc[n1] or gc[n2]). The first support wall may connect the arm and the curved portion, and the second support wall may connect the curved portion and the grounding plane.

[0019] In the embodiments ( Figure 3a The curved portion (e.g., gb[n]) may include: a first stepped plate (e.g., gp_a[n]) connected to the first support wall; a second stepped plate (e.g., gp_b[n]) connected to the second support wall; and a connecting wall (e.g., gw[n]) connecting the first stepped plate and the second stepped plate. On a geometric reference plane (e.g., the xy-plane) parallel to the ground plane, the projection of the connecting wall (e.g., xyb[n]) may be arranged so as not to overlap with the projections of the first support wall and the second support wall (e.g., xya[n1], xya[n2], xyc[n1], and xyc[n2]).

[0020] In the embodiments ( Figure 3a On the geometric reference plane, the projection of the first support wall does not overlap with the projection of the second support wall (e.g., xya[n1], xya[n2], xyc[n1] and xyc[n2]).

[0021] In the embodiments ( Figure 6a , Figure 7a and Figure 7d The antenna may also include two multi-band signals for two different polarizations (e.g., Figure 6a The two feed terminals (e.g., Pt1 and Pt2) of M1 and M2 in the system.

[0022] In the embodiments ( Figure 6b , Figure 7b and Figure 7c The antenna may further include two low-frequency band signals for two different polarizations (e.g., Figure 6b LB1 and LB2) and two high-frequency band signals with two different polarizations (e.g., Figure 6b The four feed terminals (e.g., Pt1a, Pt2a, Pt1b, and Pt2b) of HB1 and HB2 in the embodiment. Figure 6c and Figure 7b The four feed terminals can be arranged for the first pair of multi-band differential signals of the first polarization (e.g., Figure 6c The second pair of multiband differential signals (M1+ and M1-) and the second polarization (e.g., Figure 6c (M2+ and M2- in the text).

[0023] The object of this invention is to provide an antenna for multi-bandwidth and multi-polarization communication. This antenna may include multiple mutually spaced radiators and four feed terminals (e.g., Figure 6b or Figure 6c (Pt1a, Pt1b, Pt2a, and Pt2b in the example). These multiple radiators can be connected to a ground plane and can collectively function as one or more pairs of dipoles. Two of the four feed terminals (e.g., ...) Figure 6b or Figure 6c Pt1a and Pt1b in the first polarization can be arranged as a first low-frequency band signal (e.g., Figure 6b LB1) and the first high-frequency band signal (e.g., Figure 6b HB1 in the first polarization, or the first pair of multiband differential signals used for the first polarization (e.g., Figure 6c (M1+ and M1- in the text).

[0024] The other two of the four feed terminals (e.g., Figure 6b or Figure 6c Pt2a and Pt2b in the second polarization can be arranged as a second low-frequency band signal (e.g., Figure 6b LB2) and the second high-frequency band signal (e.g., Figure 6b HB2 in the second polarization, or the second pair of multiband differential signals used for the second polarization (e.g., Figure 6c (M2+ and M2- in the text).

[0025] This invention proposes an antenna for multi-bandwidth and multi-polarization communication, achieving the beneficial effects of multi-bandwidth and multi-polarization.

[0026] Many objects, features, and beneficial effects of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the drawings used herein are for illustrative purposes and should not be considered limiting. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The above-described objects and beneficial effects will be apparent to those skilled in the art after reviewing the following detailed description and accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0028] Figure 1a A three-dimensional (3D) view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention is described;

[0029] Figure 1b The antenna is described in several parts, including the radiator, parasitic elements, and optional coupling elements.

[0030] Figure 1c The characteristics of the antenna were demonstrated;

[0031] Figure 1d A 3D view of another antenna is described;

[0032] Figure 1e and Figure 1f The top and bottom views of the antenna are described;

[0033] Figure 2a A top view of the antenna's radiator is described;

[0034] Figure 2b and Figure 2c A 3D view depicting parts of the radiator, including the arm plate, folding arm, and grounding wall;

[0035] Figure 2d The folded arm and grounding wall of each radiator are described;

[0036] Figure 2e-2h Folding arms according to different embodiments of the present invention are described;

[0037] Figure 3a The description covers a portion of each grounding wall;

[0038] Figures 3b-3e Grounding walls according to different embodiments of the present invention are described;

[0039] Figure 4a and Figure 4b Different views of the parasitic element are described;

[0040] Figure 4c A top view of each parasitic element is described;

[0041] Figure 4d-4g Parasitic elements according to different embodiments of the present invention are described;

[0042] Figure 5a The coupling element is described;

[0043] Figure 5b The arrangement of coupling elements and parasitic elements according to embodiments of the present invention is described;

[0044] Figure 6a , Figure 6b as well as Figure 6c The power supply configurations according to different embodiments of the present invention are described;

[0045] Figures 7a-7d The feeding elements of the antenna according to different embodiments of the present invention are described; and

[0046] Figure 8 The reflection coefficient according to an embodiment of the present invention is described. Detailed Implementation

[0047] Figure 1a A 3D view of antenna 100 is described according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1b A partially exploded view of antenna 100 is shown. Antenna 100 can meet the requirements of advanced multi-bandwidth and multi-polarization communication standards, such as MIMO with dual-polarization diversity in 5G mobile communication across two separate FR2 bands. Furthermore, antenna 100 can also be compactly sized to provide a high bandwidth-to-volume ratio.

[0048] like Figure 1a and Figure 1b As shown, antenna 100 may include a plurality of mutually spaced radiators, such as r[1] to r[4], which may collectively serve as multiple pairs of dipoles. Antenna 100 may further include a plurality of conductive parasitic elements, such as p[1] to p[4]. Optionally, antenna 100 may also include one or more conductive coupling elements, such as c[1] to c[4].

[0049] Each radiator r[n] (where n = 1 to 4) may be conductive and conductively connected to a conductive ground plane G0, which may be a planar conductor parallel to the xy-plane (note that the described ground plane G0 is only an illustration of how the antenna 100 is configured on the ground plane G0, and does not limit the ground plane G0 to the size and shape shown; the ground plane G0 parallel to the xy-plane may actually extend wider than the size shown). Parasitic elements p[1] to p[4] may be separated from each other (without mechanical interference and connection) and insulated, and each parasitic element p[n] (where n = 1 to 4) may be separated from and insulated from the radiators r[1] to r[4] and the ground plane G0. Each coupling element c[n] (where n = 1 to 4) (if included in the antenna 100) may be separated from and insulated from the radiators r[1] to r[4], the parasitic elements p[1] to p[4] and the ground plane G0. The spaces between the separators r[1] to r[4], the parasitic elements p[1] to p[4], and the coupling elements c[1] to c[4] can be filled with a dielectric material, such as air and / or a non-conductive filler.

[0050] Through the cross-sectional view of antenna 100, Figure 1c Some features of antenna 100 are shown, such as the folded arm, bent ground, and parasitic elements p[n] partially surrounding each radiator r[n]; these features will be described in detail later. As shown in the figure, Figure 1a A 3D view of antenna 100 at a high angle (above the xy-plane) is described. Figure 1d A 3D view of antenna 100 at a low angle (below the xy-plane) is described, in which the ground plane G0 is hidden. Figure 1e and Figure 1fThe top view and bottom view of antenna 100 are described respectively.

[0051] To demonstrate the radiators r[1] to r[4], Figure 2a A top view of antenna 100 is shown, including the hidden parasitic elements p[1] to p[4], coupling elements c[1] to c[4] and ground plane G0; Figure 2b and Figure 2c The radiator r[1] to r[4] sections are described using both high-angle and low-angle 3D views. Figure 2a As shown, on the xy-plane, the projections of radiators r[1] to r[4] can be around the geometric origin p0 and can be directed toward four different directions vd[1] to vd[4]; for example, directions vd[1] to vd[4] can be rotated by 45 degrees, 135 degrees, 225 degrees, 225 degrees and 315 degrees in the x-direction, respectively. Radiators r[1] to r[4] can be separated by gaps gp[1] and gp[2] extending along geometric lines gpL[1] and gpL[2], respectively. For example, radiators r[1] and r[2] can be on two opposite sides of gap gp[2], radiators r[2] and r[3] can be on two opposite sides of gap gp[1], and so on. The geometry (shape, structure and size) of radiators r[1] to r[4] can be essentially the same, although there may be subtle differences (e.g., power supply, wiring and / or mechanical design considerations, etc.) and / or variations (e.g. due to limited manufacturing precision and accuracy, etc.).

[0052] like Figure 2b As shown, each radiator r[n] (where n = 1 to 4) may include a conductive arm a[n] and a conductive grounding wall g[n] connecting the conductive arm a[n] and the grounding plane G0. Figure 2c As shown, each arm a[n] may include a conductive arm plate b[n] and one or more conductive folded arms, such as h[n1] and h[n2]. In an embodiment, the arm plate b[n] of each arm a[n] may be a planar conductor extending parallel to the xy-plane. For example, in an embodiment, the antenna 100 may be implemented by a printed circuit board (PCB), and the arm plates b[1] to b[4] may be formed of the same metal layer. In an embodiment, each folded arm h[nk] of arm a[n] (where k = 1 to 2) may be a folded arm bb[n] extending from the bottom surface bb[n] of arm plate b[n] (where k = 1 to 2). Figure 2cA conductive wall extending outward (e.g., downward along the negative z-direction). Since each folded arm h[nk] can be considered as a downward folded extension of the arm plate b[n], each arm a[n] can be "folded". The folded structure of arms a[1] to a[4] can help enhance the performance of antenna 100, for example, by extending bandwidth, improving impedance matching, reducing undesirable tilt in the radiation direction and / or increasing XPD, etc.

[0053] like Figure 2b and Figure 2c As shown, although the folding arms h[n1] and h[n2] can be drawn from the bottom surface bb[n] of the arm plate b[n] ( Figure 2c Extending downwards, the grounding wall g[n] of each radiator r[n] can also extend outwards (e.g., downwards along the negative z direction) from the bottom surface bb[n] of the arm plate b[n] to connect to the grounding plane G0. Figure 2b However, the folded walls h[n1] and h[n2] can remain separated from the grounded wall g[n]. Figure 2d The arrangement of the folding arms h[n1], h[n2] and the grounding wall g[n] is described from high-angle 3D views, cross-sectional views, and top views. For example... Figure 2d As shown in the cross-sectional view, the grounding wall g[n] can be bent from the bottom surface bb[n] to the grounding plane G0, and each folded arm h[nk] can be configured to be separated from the bent grounding wall g[n] and the grounding plane G0.

[0054] like Figure 2d As shown in the top view, the grounding wall g[n] can extend downwards from positions gs[n1] and gs[n2] on the bottom surface bb[n], and the folding arms h[n1] and h[n2] can extend downwards from positions hs[n1] and hs[n2] on the bottom surface bb[n]. In the embodiment, the projections of each of positions gs[n1] and gs[n2] and the projections of each of positions hs[n1] and hs[n2] on the xy-plane can be arranged to not overlap.

[0055] In an embodiment, on the xy-plane, the projection of position hs[nk] (where k = 1 to 2) can be placed closer to the boundary of the projection of the bottom surface bb[4] compared to the projection of position gs[nk]. That is, on the xy-plane, the projection of each position gs[nk] (where k = 1 to 2) can be placed in the inner geometric region bc[n], which can be within the projection of the arm plate b[n] (i.e., the projection of the bottom surface bb[n]) and the projection of each position hs[nk] can be located in the geometric region bd[n] between the boundary of the inner geometric region bc[n] and the boundary of the projection of the arm plate b[n], wherein the boundary of the inner geometric region bc[n] and the boundary of the projection of the arm plate b[n] can be arranged to be non-intersecting.

[0056] In an embodiment, on the xy-plane, the projection of position hs[nk] can be arranged close to the nearby gap gp[m], where m = (((n+k)mod 2))+1 (where n = 1 to 4, k = 1 to 2); for example, the projection of position hs[nk] can be arranged between the projection of position gs[nk] and the gap gp[m]. For example, the projection of position hs

[11] can be arranged between the projection of position gs

[11] and the gap gp[1], and the projection of position hs

[12] can be arranged between the projection of position gs

[12] and the gap gp[2].

[0057] In an embodiment, the projection of position hs[nk] on the xy-plane can be arranged near the geometric origin p0; for example, the projection of position hs[nk] can be arranged closer to the near point p_near[n] than the far point p_far[n], where the origin p0 can also be the geometric center of the projection of the arm plates b[1] to b[4] (i.e., the projection of the bottom surfaces bb[1] to bb[4]), and the points p_near[n] and p_far[n] can be the two geometric points closest to and furthest from the origin p0, respectively, on the boundary of the projection of the bottom surface bb[n]. For example, in an embodiment, position hs[nk] can be configured such that there can be (at least) a geometric point ph[n] (not shown) on the boundary of the projection of position hs[nk] such that the distance between the geometric point ph[n] and the near point p_near[n] is shorter than the distance between the geometric point ph[n] and the far point p_far[n].

[0058] exist Figures 2b to 2d In some embodiments, the folded arm h[nk] of each arm a[n] can simply be a conductive wall. However, the invention is not limited thereto. Figures 2e to 2g Further embodiments of the folding arms h[n1] and h[n2] for each arm a[n] are demonstrated. For example... Figure 2e As shown, in an embodiment, each folding arm h[nk] (where k = 1 to 2) may include two (or more) separating walls, for example, ha[nk] and hb[nk]. Figure 2f As shown, in the embodiment, each folding arm h[nk] (for k = 1 to 2) may include an extension plate hd[nk] and a connecting wall hc[nk] of the bottom surface bb[n] of the connecting arm plate b[n] and the extension wall hc[nk] of the extension plate hd[nk], wherein the extension plate hd[nk] may be parallel to the arm plate b[n] ( Figures 2a to 2c However, the planar conductor separated from the arm plate b[n], and the extended wall hc[nk], can be conductive. For example... Figure 2gAs shown, in the embodiment, in addition to the extension wall hc[nk] and the extension plate hd[nk], each folding arm h[nk] may further include another conductive extension wall hf[nk], which can extend outward (e.g., upward or downward) from the top or bottom surface of the extension plate hd[nk] and can be separated from the bottom surface bb[n] of the arm plate b[n] and the extension wall hc[nk].

[0059] Since the antenna 100 can be implemented via a PCB, each folded arm h[nk] can be formed by sequentially interlacing one or more conductive vias and one or more conductive plates (each formed by one or more metal layers). For example, as described in the embodiment of folded arms h[n1] and h[n2]. Figure 2h As shown, each folding arm h[nk] (where k = 1 to 2) can be formed by stacking a first layer of through-holes va[nk], a first plate pa[nk], a second layer of through-holes vb[nk], and a second plate pb[nk]. Similarly, walls ha[nk], hb[nk] ( Figure 2e ), hc[nk]( Figure 2f and Figure 2g ) and hf[nk]( Figure 2g Each of these can be formed by interlaced layers of conductive vias and conductive plates. Figures 2a to 2h In the described embodiment, the folding arm h[nk] can extend downward (along the negative z direction) from the bottom surface bb[n] of the arm plate b[n]; however, in other embodiments (not shown), each folding arm h[nk] can extend upward (along the positive z direction) from the top surface of each arm plate b[n] opposite to the bottom surface bb[n].

[0060] like Figure 2d As shown in the cross-sectional view, the grounding wall g[n] of each radiator r[n] may include a bent portion gb[n], and the bent portion gb[n] can cause the distance d1 between the measured bottom surface bb[n] of the arm plate b[n] and the top surface of the ground plane G0 to be shorter than the length (e.g., the shortest) of the current conduction path 200 along the grounding wall g[n] from the bottom surface bb[n] of the arm plate b[n] to the top surface of the ground plane G0. The bent portion gb[n] can help improve the performance of the antenna 100, for example, by reducing the size of the antenna 100 and increasing the bandwidth-volume ratio. Because the antenna design may expect the conduction path 200 to have a preferred length L0 (not shown), if the grounding wall g[n] extends straight down from the bottom surface bb[n] of the arm plate b[n] without bending down to the ground plane G0, the distance d1 would have to be equal to the preferred length L0, and thus result in the antenna occupying a larger volume. However, as Figure 2dAs shown, by arranging the grounding wall g[n] as curved, the distance d1 can be shortened to a much shorter length than the preferred length L0, and thus the overall volume of the antenna 100 can be reduced.

[0061] and Figure 2d Together, Figure 3a Each grounding wall g[n] is described in a high-angle 3D view and a top view. In addition to the curved portion gb[n], the grounding wall g[n] may further include first support walls ga[n1] and ga[n2], and second support walls gc[n1] and gc[n2]. Support walls ga[n1] and ga[n2] may be conductive and may connect the bottom surface bb[n] of the arm plate b[n] and the top surface of the curved portion gb[n]. Support walls gc[n1] and gc[n2] may be conductive and may connect the bottom surface of the curved portion gb[n] and the top surface of the grounding plane G0.

[0062] like Figure 3a As shown, in this embodiment, the curved portion gb[n] may include a first step plate gp_a[n], a second step plate gp_b[n], and a connecting wall gw[n]. The step plate gp_a[n] may be a planar conductor parallel to the xy-plane, and may be connected to the supporting walls ga[n1] and ga[n2] at positions ua[n1] and ua[n2] on the top surface of the step plate gp_a[n], respectively. The step plate gp_b[n] may be a planar conductor parallel to the xy-plane, and may be connected to the supporting walls gc[n1] and gc[n2] at positions uc[n1] and uc[n2] on the bottom surface of the plate gp_b[n]. The connecting wall gw[n] may be conductive, and may connect the bottom surface of the step plate gp_a[n] to the position ub[n] on the top surface of the step plate gp_b[n].

[0063] like Figure 3a As shown in the top view, in the embodiment, on the xy-plane, the projection xyb[n] of the connecting wall gw[n] (e.g., the projection of position ub[n]) can be arranged so as not to overlap with the projections xya[n1], xya[n2], xyc[n1], and xyc[n2] of the supporting walls ga[n1], ga[n2], gc[n1], and gc[n2] (e.g., the projections of positions ua[n1], ua[n2], uc[n1], and uc[n2]. Similarly, in the embodiment, each of the projections xya[n1] and xya[n2] (e.g., the projections of each of positions gs[n1] and gs[n2]) and any of the projections xyc[n1] and xyc[n2] can be arranged so as not to overlap.

[0064] Apart from Figure 2d and Figure 3a In addition to the embodiments shown, Figures 3b to 3eFurther embodiments of the grounding wall g[n] according to the present invention are described. For example... Figure 3b As shown, in an embodiment, the grounding wall g[n] may include multiple mutually spaced portions, such as gd[n1] and gd[n2]; each of the portions gd[nk] (where k = 1 to 2) may have a bent portion gb[nk]. On the other hand, in an embodiment (not shown), it can be... Figure 3a The separated support walls ga[n1] and ga[n2] shown are combined into a joint wall, and / or the separated support walls gc[n1] and gc[n2] are combined into a joint wall.

[0065] By reconfiguring the structure of the curved portion gb[n] of each grounding wall g[n], the conduction path 200( Figure 2d It can have fewer or more turns. For example, such as Figure 3c As shown, in the embodiment, the bent portion gb[n] of the grounding wall g[n] can be simplified to having only one single plate gp_a[n] connected between the supporting walls ga[nk] and gc[nk]. On the other hand, as Figure 3d As shown, in an embodiment, the curved portion gb[n] of the grounding wall g[n] may include two or more stepped plates (e.g., gp_a[n], gp_b[n] and gp_c[n]) and one or more connecting walls (e.g., gw_a[n] and gw_b[n]) connecting every two adjacent stepped plates.

[0066] like Figure 2d and Figure 3a As shown, the curved portion gb[n] of the grounding wall g[n] can form a U-shaped bend with its opening facing each folded arm h[nk]; however, as Figure 3e As shown, in an embodiment, the curved portion gb[n] of the grounding wall g[n] can form a U-shaped bend, with its opening facing away from each folding arm h[nk]. In an embodiment, similar to... Figure 2h Antenna 100 can be implemented by PCB, and the walls ga[nk], gw[n] and gc[nk] ( Figure 3a Each of these can be formed by interlacing conductive via layers and conductive plates.

[0067] Figure 4aAn embodiment of parasitic elements p[1] to p[4] is described by a top view of antenna 100 (where the ground plane G0 and coupling elements c[1] to c[4] are hidden). Each parasitic element p[n] can be a planar conduction path parallel to the xy-plane. In the xy-plane, since the projection of each radiator r[n] (e.g., the projection of the arm plate b[n]) can be clamped between two gaps gp[1] and gp[2] (similar to a fan clamped between two radii (not shown)), in the embodiment, the projection of the parasitic element p[n] can also extend between the two gaps gp[1] and gp[2] clamping the radiator r[n], and thus partially around the radiator r[n] (e.g., the ground wall g[n], for simplicity) through the boomerang-shaped middle portion pp[n] between the two claw-shaped radial portions ps[n1] and ps[n2] pointing to the center of the fan. Figure 4a (Shown as outline in the middle). For example... Figure 4a As shown, each parasitic element p[n] can be configured not to completely surround the geometric origin p0. Parasitic elements p[1] to p[4] can help enhance the performance of antenna 100, for example, by extending bandwidth, improving impedance matching, reducing undesirable tilt of the radiation direction and / or increasing XPD, etc.

[0068] Figure 4b The arrangement of parasitic elements p[1] to p[4] in an embodiment of antenna 100 is described by a side view (with hidden coupling elements c[1] to c[4] and radiators r[1] to r[4], in addition to arm plates b[1] and b[2]. Figure 4b As shown, in the embodiment, parasitic elements p[1] to p[4] can be located a distance (height) d2 above the ground plane G0 (measured between the bottom surface of each parasitic element p[n] and the top surface of the ground plane G0). Although each arm plate b[n] can be located a distance (height) d1 above the ground plane G0 (also... Figure 2d (As shown in the figure), but in embodiments, distances d1 and d2 can be different. For example, in... Figure 4b In the illustrated embodiment, height d1 can be higher than height d2, that is, each arm plate b[n] can be higher than each parasitic element p[n]. In another embodiment (not shown), height d1 can be lower than height d2, that is, the parasitic element p[n] can be placed above the arm plate b[n]. In the embodiment, antenna 100 can be implemented by a PCB, and each parasitic element p[n] can be formed by a metal layer.

[0069] In an embodiment, for example, such as Figure 4bIn the illustrated embodiment, all parasitic elements p[1] to p[4] can be placed at the same height d2. On the other hand, in other embodiments, different subsets of parasitic elements p[1] to p[4] can be arranged at different heights; some of such embodiments will be described later.

[0070] Figure 4c An embodiment of each parasitic element p[n] is shown in a top view. Each parasitic element p[n] may include multiple serially connected portions s[n1] to s[nQ]; each portion s[nq] (where q = 1 to Q) may extend along the direction v[nq] by a length L[nq] (the dimension along the direction v[nq]) and a width w[nq] (the dimension perpendicular to the direction v[nq]). In the embodiment, the directions v[nq] and v[n(q+1)] (where q = 1 to (Q-1)) of every two adjacent portions s[nq] and s[n(q+1)] may be different, that is, every two adjacent portions s[nq] and s[n(q+1)] may extend along two non-parallel directions v[nq] and v[n(q+1)] respectively, and the angle between the directions v[nq] and v[n(q+1)] may be less than, equal to, or greater than 90 degrees. In an embodiment, the xy-plane projection of each parasitic element p[n] can be configured not to be rectangular. For flexibility, adaptability, and / or performance tuning, the count Q of portions s[n1] to s[nQ], and the orientation v[nq], width w[nq], and length L[nq] of each portion s[nq] can be adjustable and configurable. For example, in an embodiment, the widths w[n1] to w[nq] of portions s[n1] to s[nQ] can be set to be substantially equal; in other embodiments, different subsets of portions s[n1] to s[nQ] can have different widths, e.g., w[n1] = w[nQ] > w[n2] = w[n(Q-1)], etc.

[0071] Figures 4d to 4f Different embodiments of each parasitic element p[n] are described using a top view. For example... Figure 4d As shown, in the embodiment, in the xy-plane, the projection of each parasitic element p[n] may partially overlap with the projection of the radiator r[n] (e.g., the projection of the arm plate b[n]). In other words, the projection of the parasitic element p[n] may have one or more portions within the projection of the radiator r[n], such as portions 401 and 402, and may also have other portions, such as portion 403 outside the projection of the radiator r[n]. Figure 4e As shown, in different embodiments, the projection of the parasitic element p[n] can be completely within the projection of the radiator r[n]. For example... Figure 4fAs shown, in another embodiment, the projection of the parasitic element p[n] can be configured not to overlap with the projection of the radiator r[n], that is, the projection of the parasitic element p[n] can be completely outside the projection of the radiator r[n]. Figure 4f In the illustrated embodiment, in addition to setting the height d2 > d1 or d1 > d2, each parasitic element p[n]( Figure 4b The height d2 can also be set to be basically equal to the height d1 of the arm plate b[n].

[0072] In an embodiment, for example, Figure 4a or Figure 4e In the illustrated embodiment, the projections of any two parasitic elements p[n] and p[n'] (where n and n' are not equal) on the xy-plane can be configured to not overlap. On the other hand, in different embodiments, for example, those described below... Figure 4g In the illustrated embodiment, the projection of one parasitic element p[n] can be configured to partially overlap with the projection of another parasitic element p[n'] (n and n' are not equal), that is, the projection of the parasitic element p[n] can have a portion within the projection of the other parasitic element p[n'].

[0073] Figure 4g An embodiment of parasitic elements p[1] to p[4] is described in a top view of antenna 100 (where the ground plane G0 is hidden). In the embodiment, parasitic elements p[1] and p[3] can be arranged at a height d2 (not shown) above the ground plane G0 (not shown), while parasitic elements p[2] and p[4] can be arranged at different heights d2′ (not shown) above the ground plane G0. Furthermore, two adjacent parasitic elements at two different heights can be configured to have partially overlapping xy-plane projections. For example, as Figure 4g As shown, two parasitic elements p[1] and p[2] at different heights can have partially overlapping xy-plane projections; due to the height difference, parasitic elements p[1] and p[2] can remain insulated even if their xy-plane projections partially overlap. Similarly, parasitic elements p[2] and p[3] at different heights, parasitic elements p[3] and p[4] at different heights, and parasitic elements p[4] and p[1] at different heights can also have partially overlapping xy-plane projections. Arranging different parasitic elements with partially overlapping xy-plane projections can help enhance the electromagnetic mutual coupling between parasitic elements. In an embodiment, antenna 100 may not need to include optional coupling elements c[1] to c[4].

[0074] Figure 5aThe arrangement of parasitic elements p[1] to p[4] and coupling elements c[1] to c[4] in an embodiment of antenna 100 is described by top view, side view, and enlarged view showing the top view in detail. Each coupling element c[n] may be a planar conductor parallel to the xy-plane; for example, such as Figure 5a As shown in the side view, each coupling element c[n] can be located at a distance (height) d3 above the ground plane G0 (between the bottom surface of the coupling element c[n] and the top surface of the ground plane G0). Although each arm plate b[n] and each parasitic element p[n] can be located at heights d1 and d2 above the ground plane G0, respectively, in the embodiment, the height d3 can be set differently from the heights d1 and d2. For example, in the embodiment ( Figure 5a In the antenna 100, height d1 can be higher than height d3, and height d3 can be higher than height d2; that is, each arm plate b[n] can be higher than each coupling element c[n], and each coupling element c[n] can be higher than each parasitic element p[n]. However, the antenna 100 may also have other embodiments (not shown) with different d1-d2-d3 arrangements, including but not limited to: embodiments with d1 > d2 > d3, embodiments with d1 = d3 > d2, embodiments with d3 > d2 > d1, embodiments with d2 > d3 > d1, embodiments with d2 > d3 = d1, embodiments with d2 > d1 > d3, etc. Note that coupling elements c[1] to c[4] are optional. In some embodiments, the antenna may require only a subset of coupling elements c[1] to c[4] (e.g., none, one, less than all or all). In embodiments, the antenna 100 may be implemented by a PCB, and each coupling element c[n] may be formed by a metal layer.

[0075] In an embodiment, on the xy-plane, the projection of each coupling element c[n] may have two portions within the projections of the two associated parasitic elements p[n] and p[(n mod 4)+1], respectively, and may have one portion outside the projections of parasitic elements p[1] to p[4]. For example, as Figure 5aAs shown in the enlarged view, the projection of coupling element c[1] may have two portions 511 and 512 within the projections of parasitic elements p[1] and p[2] respectively, and a portion 513 outside the projections of parasitic elements p[1] to p[4]. Similarly, the projection of coupling element c[4] may have two portions 514 and 515 within the projections of parasitic elements p[4] and p[1] respectively, and a portion 516 outside the projections of parasitic elements p[1] to p[4]. Because the projection of each coupling element c[n] can be arranged to overlap with the projection portions of the two associated parasitic elements p[n] and p[(n mod 4)+1], each coupling element c[n] can provide capacitive coupling to enhance the electromagnetic coupling between the two associated parasitic elements.

[0076] Through 3D views, Figure 5b Another embodiment of the arrangement of parasitic elements and coupling elements is described. In this embodiment, parasitic elements p[1] and p[4] and coupling element c[2] can be placed at height d2, while parasitic elements p[2] and p[3] and coupling element c[4] can be placed at another height d2′, different from height d2. In this embodiment, coupling elements c[1] and c[3] may not be included. Parasitic elements p[1] and p[2] at different heights may have partially overlapping xy-plane projections; parasitic elements p[3] and p[4] may also have partially overlapping xy-plane projections. On the other hand, parasitic elements p[2] and p[3] at the same height may not have partially overlapping xy-plane projections, and parasitic elements p[1] and p[4] at the same height may not have partially overlapping xy-plane projections. Furthermore, each of the coupling element c[2] of height d2 and the parasitic elements p[2] and p[3] of height d2' can have partially overlapping xy-plane projections, and each of the coupling element c[4] of height d2' and the parasitic elements p[1] and p[4] of height d2 can have partially overlapping xy-plane projections.

[0077] Figure 6a , Figure 6b and Figure 6c The feeding configurations of the antenna 100 according to different embodiments of the present invention are described. For example... Figure 6aAs shown, antenna 100 can be configured to have two feed terminals Pt1 and Pt2, respectively, wherein the two feed terminals Pt1 and Pt2 are used for two multi-band (e.g., dual-band) signals M1 and M2 having a first polarization and a second polarization (e.g., horizontal polarization and vertical polarization). Terminals Pt1 and Pt2 can be connected to two signal circuits 601 and 602, each of which can be a switch or a duplexer. When transmitting, transceiver 600 can provide multiple single-band signals, for example, two low-band signals LB1 and LB2 and two high-band signals HB1 and HB2. Signal circuit 601 can form multi-band signal M1 at terminal Pt1 based on signals LB1 and HB1, and signal circuit 602 can form multi-band signal M2 at terminal Pt2 based on signals LB2 and HB2, and therefore antenna 100 can transmit signals M1 and M2 respectively via electromagnetic waves with the first polarization and the second polarization. When antenna 100 receives electromagnetic waves with first polarization and / or second polarization, antenna 100 can provide signals M1 and / or M2 at terminals Pt1 and / or Pt2. Signal circuit 601 can generate signals LB1 and HB1 from signal M1, and / or signal circuit 602 can generate signals LB2 and HB2 from signal M2. Therefore, transceiver 600 can receive signals LB1, HB1 and / or signals LB2, HB2.

[0078] like Figure 6b As shown, antenna 100 can also be configured to have four feed terminals Pt1a, Pt2a, Pt1b, and Pt2b connected to transceiver 600 for two low-frequency signals LB1 and LB2 and two high-frequency signals HB1 and HB2. During transmission, transceiver 600 can provide low-frequency signals LB1 and LB2 and high-frequency signals HB1 and HB2 at terminals Pt1a, Pt2a, Pt1b, and Pt2b, respectively. Therefore, antenna 100 can transmit signals LB1 and HB1 via electromagnetic waves of a first polarization, and signals LB2 and HB2 via electromagnetic waves of a second polarization. When antenna 100 receives electromagnetic waves of the first polarization and / or the second polarization, antenna 100 can form signals LB1 and HB1 and / or LB2 and HB2 at terminals Pt1a, Pt1b and / or Pt2a, Pt2b, respectively, for reception by transceiver 600.

[0079] like Figure 6cAs shown, antenna 100 can also be configured to have four feed terminals Pt1a, Pt1b, Pt2a, and Pt2b for a first pair of differential signals M1+ and M1- and a second pair of differential signals M2+ and M2-. For example, differential signals M1+ and M1- can be a pair of multi-band (dual-band) differential signals; similarly, differential signals M2+ and M2- can be another pair of multi-band (dual-band) differential signals. In an embodiment, terminals Pt1a and Pt1b can be connected to signal circuit 611, and terminals Pt2a and Pt2b can be connected to signal circuit 612. Each of signal circuits 611 and 612 can be a differential switcher or a differential duplexer. During transmission, transceiver 600 can provide multiple pairs of single-band differential signals, such as two pairs of low-frequency differential signals LB1+ and LB1-, LB2+ and LB2-, and two pairs of high-frequency differential signals HB1+ and HB1-, HB2+ and HB2-. Signal circuit 611 can form multi-band differential signals M1+ and M1- at terminals Pt1a and Pt1b based on signals LB1+, LB1-, HB1+ and HB1-, and signal circuit 612 can form multi-band differential signals M2+ and M2- at terminals Pt2a and Pt2b based on signals LB2+, LB2-, HB2+ and HB2-. Therefore, antenna 100 can transmit signals M1+ and M1- via electromagnetic waves of the first polarization and signals M2+ and M2- via electromagnetic waves of the second polarization. When antenna 100 receives electromagnetic waves with first polarization and / or second polarization, antenna 100 can provide signals M1+ and M1- and / or M2+ and M2- at terminals Pt1a, Pt1b and / or Pt2a, Pt2b. Signal circuit 611 can generate signals LB1+, LB1-, HB1+ and HB1- from signals M1+ and M1-, and / or signal circuit 612 can generate signals LB2+, LB2-, HB2+ and HB2- from signals M2+ and M2. Therefore, transceiver 600 can receive signals LB1+, LB1-, HB1+ and HB1- and / or LB2+, LB2-, HB2+ and HB2-.

[0080] Figure 7a An embodiment of the feeding arrangement of antenna 100 is described by high-angle 3D views and top views of antenna 100 (including a hidden ground plane G0 except r[3], parasitic elements p[1] to p[4], optional coupling elements c[1] to c[4], and radiators r[1] to r[4]). Figure 7aAs shown, antenna 100 may further include multiple conductive feed elements, for example, two feed elements 701 and 702. Each of feed elements 701 and 702 may be separated from and insulated from the ground plane G0, optional coupling elements c[1] to c[4], parasitic elements p[1] to p[4], and radiators r[1] to r[4]. Feed elements 701 and 702 may also be separated from and insulated from each other. Figure 7a As shown, in the embodiment, the feed element 701 can extend across the gap gp[2] along the gap gp[1], and one end of the feed element 701 can be connected to a conductive via and a conductive outbound trace for use as a power supply. Figure 6a The terminal Pt1 is configured for power supply in the middle. On the other hand, the power supply element 702 can extend across the gap gp[1] along the gap gp[2], and one end of the power supply element 702 can be connected to the through hole and the power supply wire to be used as Figure 6a The power supply configuration is via terminal Pt2. (Through...) Figure 7a The feed element 701 shown, radiators r[1] and r[4] can be used together as one pole of the first dipole for polarization along the x-direction, while radiators r[2] and r[3] can be used together as the opposite pole of the first dipole. Figure 7a The feed element 702 shown, radiators r[1] and r[2] can be used together as one pole of the second dipole for polarization along the y direction, while radiators r[3] and r[4] can be used together as the opposite pole of the second dipole.

[0081] Based on the possibility of implementation Figure 6a The power supply configuration in Figure 7a The embodiment shown, Figure 7b Describes what can be implemented Figure 6b or Figure 6c Another embodiment of the power supply configuration arrangement in the system. For example... Figure 7b As shown, the two opposite ends of the feed element 701 can be connected to two through holes and two feed wires respectively, for use as Figure 6b or Figure 6c The power supply configuration includes terminals Pt1a and Pt1b; however, the two opposite ends of the power supply element 702 can be connected to two through holes and two power supply wires respectively, for use as... Figure 6b or Figure 6c The power supply configuration includes terminals Pt2a and Pt2b.

[0082] based on Figure 7b The embodiment shown, Figure 7c Another implementation of the power supply configuration is described. Figure 7c In the middle, the two opposite ends of the feed element 701 can be connected to two through holes, a low-pass filter LPF1 and a high-pass filter HPF1, and two feed lines, respectively, to serve as... Figure 6b The power supply configuration includes terminals Pt1a and Pt1b. Similarly, the two opposite ends of the power supply element 702 can be connected to two vias, a low-pass filter LPF2 and a high-pass filter HPF2, and two power supply wires, respectively, to serve as... Figure 6b The power supply configuration includes terminals Pt2a and Pt2b. The filters LPF1 and HPF1 of the power supply element 701 can suppress mutual interference between the low-frequency signal LB1 and the high-frequency signal HB1. Figure 6b To enhance signal isolation between signals LB1 and HB1; similarly, the filters LPF2 and HPF2 of the feed element 702 can suppress interference between the low-frequency signal LB2 and the high-frequency signal HB2. Figure 6b To enhance signal isolation between signals LB2 and HB2. Note that filters LPF1, LPF2, HPF1, and / or HPF2 may be optional. Whether to include the filters in antenna 100 may depend on considerations such as isolation requirements. In other embodiments (not shown), filters LPF1, LPF2, HPF1, and / or HPF2 may be replaced by SPST (single-pole single-throw) switches and / or impedance tuners. Again, the filters, switches, and / or impedance tuners may be optional, and whether to include them in antenna 100 may depend on factors such as isolation requirements.

[0083] Figure 7d Another embodiment of the feeding arrangement of antenna 100 is described by high-angle 3D view and top view of antenna 100 (with a ground plane G0 hidden except for r[3], parasitic elements p[1] to p[4], optional coupling elements c[1] to c[4], and radiators r[1] to r[4]). Figure 7d As shown, in the embodiment, feed elements 701 and 702 can be assembled at the intersection of gaps gp[1] and gp[2]. Feed element 701 can extend parallel to direction v701, and one end of feed element 701 can be connected to a conductive through-hole and a conductive feed wire to serve as a power source. Figure 6a The terminal Pt1 is configured for power supply. The power supply element 702 can extend parallel to the direction v702, and one end of the power supply element 702 can be connected to a through-hole and a power supply wire for use as... Figure 6a The power supply configuration is configured at terminal Pt2. For example, in an embodiment, direction v701 can be rotated essentially 45 degrees from the x-direction, and direction v702 can be rotated essentially 45 degrees from the y-direction. Figure 7dThe feed element 701 shown, radiators r[1] and r[3] can be used as two opposite poles of a first dipole for polarization along direction v701, and radiators r[2] and r[4] can be used as two opposite poles of a second dipole for polarization along direction v701. Figure 7d The feed element 702 shown, radiators r[2] and r[4] can be used as two opposite poles of a third dipole for polarization along direction v702, and radiators r[1] and r[3] can be used as two opposite poles of a fourth dipole for polarization along direction v702. Similar to... Figure 7b and Figure 7c As shown, by utilizing both ends of each of the feeding elements 701 and 702, in Figure 7b The embodiment with two feed terminals Pt1 and Pt2 can be modified to have terminals for... Figure 6b or Figure 6c Other embodiments (not shown) of the four feed terminals Pt1a, Pt1b, Pt2a, and Pt2b in the power supply configuration. Besides... Figures 7a to 7d In addition to the embodiments shown, antenna 100 may also employ other feeding arrangements, such as direct feeding or slot feeding.

[0084] Figure 8 The reflection coefficient of an antenna 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described. In the embodiment, the antenna 100, through radiators r[1] to r[4] and parasitic elements p[1] to p[4] (and optional coupling elements c[1] to c[4]), can form four notches 801, 802, 803 and 804 to cover the low-frequency band 810 and the high-frequency band 820, and thus can meet the challenging requirements of dual broadband communication. For example, in the embodiment, radiators r[1] to r[4] can provide two resonant modes at the low-frequency band 810 and the high-frequency band 820 respectively, and parasitic elements p[1] to p[4] can provide two additional resonant modes at the low-frequency band 810 and the high-frequency band 820 respectively. In other words, each radiator r[n] can facilitate resonance at two frequency bands 810 and 820. Unlike the antenna 100 of the present invention, conventional dipole antennas can only support a single frequency band.

[0085] In general, the antenna 100 according to the invention can achieve multiple bandwidths and multiple polarizations through folded arms (e.g., h

[11] to h

[41] and h

[12] to h

[42] ), bent grounding (e.g., gb[1] to gb[4]), and partially surrounding parasitic elements (e.g., p[1] to p[4]). Compared with conventional antennas such as stacked patch antennas, the antenna 100 according to the invention can provide wider bandwidth, higher bandwidth-to-volume ratio, less undesirable tilt in the radiation direction, better XPD, and superior signal isolation between different polarizations for MIMO across multiple frequency bands. Therefore, the antenna 100 according to the invention can meet the needs and requirements of modern communications, such as 5G mobile communications with MIMO.

[0086] Although the invention has been described with reference to what is now considered the most practical and preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not necessarily limited to the disclosed embodiments. Rather, it is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements contained within the spirit and scope of the appended claims, wherein such modifications and similar arrangements are consistent with the broadest interpretation and thus encompass all such modifications and similar structures.

Claims

1. An antenna for multi-bandwidth and multi-polarization communication, comprising: a plurality of mutually separated radiators connected to a ground plane, and collectively functioning as one or more pairs of dipoles; a first feed terminal for a first signal of a first polarization; a second feed terminal for a second signal of a second polarization; a conductive first feed element; a conductive second feed element, wherein the second feed element is mutually separated from and insulated from the first feed element; a plurality of mutually insulated conductive parasitic elements, and each of the plurality of conductive parasitic elements is insulated from the plurality of radiators and the ground plane; and one or more conductive coupling elements, wherein each of the plurality of conductive coupling elements is insulated from the plurality of radiators, the plurality of conductive parasitic elements, and the ground plane, wherein each of the plurality of radiators is configured to facilitate resonance over two or more non-overlapping frequency bands; the first polarization is different from the second polarization; each of the second feed element and the first feed element is separated from and insulated from the ground plane and the plurality of radiators; the first feed terminal is coupled to the first feed element; the second feed terminal is coupled to the second feed element; a projection of the plurality of radiators on a geometric reference plane is separated by a first gap and a second gap; a projection of the first feed element extends parallel to a first direction; a projection of the second feed element extends parallel to a second direction; wherein the first direction is not parallel to the first gap and the second gap; and wherein the second direction is not parallel to the first gap, the second gap, and the first direction, wherein a projection of each of the plurality of conductive parasitic elements on the geometric reference plane extends between two gaps, wherein the two gaps sandwich a projection of an associated one of the plurality of radiators, and the projection of each of the plurality of conductive parasitic elements does not completely surround a geometric origin that is a geometric center of the projection of the plurality of radiators, wherein a projection of each of the one or more conductive coupling elements on the geometric reference plane has two portions that are respectively within projections of two of the plurality of conductive parasitic elements.

2. The antenna for multi-bandwidth and multi-polarization communication according to claim 1, wherein: the first signal and the second signal are respectively multi-band signals.

3. The antenna for multiband and multi-polarization communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, each of the plurality of radiators comprises: a conductive arm comprising a conductive arm plate and a conductive folded arm; and a conductive ground wall; wherein: the conductive ground wall extends outwardly from a bottom surface of the conductive arm plate to the ground plane; the conductive folded arm extends outwardly from the bottom surface of the conductive arm plate or from a top surface of the conductive arm plate, wherein the top surface of the conductive arm plate is opposite to the bottom surface of the conductive arm plate; and the conductive folded arm is separated from the conductive ground wall and the ground plane.

4. The antenna for multi-bandwidth and multi-polarization communication according to claim 3, wherein: the conductive ground wall extends outwardly from a first location of the bottom surface of the conductive arm plate; the conductive folded arm extends outwardly from the second position of the top surface of the conductive arm plate or the bottom surface of the conductive arm plate; a projection of the first position on the geometric reference plane parallel to the bottom surface of the conductive arm plate is in an inner geometric region within a projection of the conductive arm plate; and a projection of the second position on the geometric reference plane is in a geometric region between a boundary of the inner geometric region and a boundary of the projection of the conductive arm plate.

5. The antenna for multi-bandwidth and multi-polarization communications of claim 1, wherein, two projections of two radiators of the plurality of radiators on the geometric reference plane are essentially identical but are directed towards two non-parallel directions.

6. The antenna for multi-bandwidth and multi-polarization communications of claim 1, wherein, projections of any two parasitic elements of the plurality of conductive parasitic elements on the geometric reference plane do not overlap.

7. The antenna for multi-bandwidth and multi-polarization communications of claim 1, wherein, projections of two parasitic elements of the plurality of conductive parasitic elements on the geometric reference plane partially overlap.

8. The antenna for multi-bandwidth and multi-polarization communications of claim 1, wherein, each of the plurality of conductive parasitic elements comprises at least two serial portions, and two adjacent portions of the at least two serial portions extend along two non-parallel directions.

9. The antenna for multiband and multipolarization communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, further comprising: a conductive arm; and a conductive ground wall connecting the conductive arm and the ground plane; wherein: the conductive ground wall comprises: a curved portion that makes a distance between the conductive arm and the ground plane shorter than a length of a current conduction path between the conductive arm and the ground plane along the conductive ground wall; a first support wall connecting the conductive arm and the curved portion; and a second support wall connecting the curved portion and the ground plane.

10. The antenna for multiband and multi-polarization communication according to claim 9, characterized in that, the curved portion comprises: a first stepped plate connected to the first support wall; a second stepped plate connected to the second support wall; and a connecting wall connecting the first stepped plate and the second stepped plate, wherein: a projection of the connecting wall on a geometric reference plane parallel to the ground plane does not overlap with projections of the first support wall and the second support wall.

11. The antenna for multi-bandwidth and multi-polarization communications of claim 9, wherein, a projection of the first support wall on the geometric reference plane does not overlap with a projection of the second support wall.

12. An antenna for multi-bandwidth and multi-polarization communications, comprising: a plurality of mutually separated radiators connected to a ground plane, and the plurality of radiators collectively function as one or more pairs of dipoles; a first feed terminal for a first signal of a first polarization; a second feed terminal for a second signal of a second polarization; a third feed terminal for a third signal of the first polarization; and a fourth feed terminal for a fourth signal of the second polarization; wherein each of the plurality of radiators is configured to facilitate resonance over two or more non-overlapping frequency bands; and the first polarization is different from the second polarization; wherein the first signal is a low-band signal of the first polarization, the third signal is a high-band signal of the first polarization, the second signal is a low-band signal of the second polarization, and the fourth signal is a high-band signal of the second polarization, or the first signal and the third signal are a pair of multi-band differential signals of the first polarization, and the second signal and the fourth signal are a pair of multi-band differential signals of the second polarization.

13. The antenna for multiband and multi-polarization communication according to claim 12, characterized by, further comprising: a conductive first feeding element; and a conductive second feeding element, wherein the second feeding element is separated and insulated from the first feeding element; wherein, each of the second feeding element and the first feeding element is separated and insulated from the ground plane and the plurality of radiators; the first feeding terminal and the third feeding terminal are coupled to two opposite ends of the first feeding element, respectively; and the second feeding terminal and the fourth feeding terminal are coupled to two opposite ends of the second feeding element, respectively.

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