Methods, apparatuses, and media for analyzing spatial experiences of urban streets

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a method, device and medium for analyzing the space perception of urban streets, the method comprising: obtaining, by a processor, urban road network vector data and building contour vector data of each urban street, wherein the building contour vector data contains building height information; determining the street space width, the building height along the street, the street space aspect ratio, the building interface continuity along the street and the building volume along the street of each urban street; comparing the determined street space width, the building height along the street, the street space aspect ratio, the building interface continuity along the street and the building volume along the street of each urban street with a first preset range of street space width, a second preset range of building height along the street, a third preset range of street space aspect ratio, a fourth preset range of building interface continuity along the street and a fifth preset range of building volume along the street, respectively, to determine whether the space perception of each urban street meets the planning expectation of the urban street.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of architectural design, and in particular to a method, apparatus, and medium for analyzing the spatial perception of urban streets. Background Technology

[0002] In urban planning and construction, city streets are a crucial component of the urban environment and an important spatial carrier for citizens' daily lives. The spatial environment of city streets significantly impacts citizens' experiences of traveling and engaging in activities within the city. Typically, during urban construction, it is necessary to reasonably assess whether the construction of city streets meets planning expectations. Among the various methods for analyzing and evaluating the spatial experience of city streets, some rely on statistical surveys, others on expert judgment, and still others on measuring individual characteristic indicators. However, a unified, comprehensive, and quantitative characteristic indicator system for analyzing the spatial experience of city streets has yet to be established. Furthermore, the collection of these characteristic indicators primarily relies on on-site recording by dispatching investigators, which suffers from high costs, difficulty in scaling up, and significant errors. This hinders the objective, comprehensive, accurate, and convenient assessment of whether the construction of city streets has met planning expectations during the urban construction process. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, this disclosure is provided to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] There is a need for a method, apparatus, and medium to analyze the spatial perception of urban streets. This method should utilize urban road network vector data and building outline vector data to determine the following: street space width (representing the lateral gap between buildings on both sides of the street), street-front building height (representing the representative height of buildings on both sides of the street), street space height-to-width ratio (representing the ratio of street-front building height to street space width), street-front building interface continuity (representing the ratio of the length of the interface formed by buildings on both sides of the street to the total road length), and street-front building volume (representing the surface dimensions of buildings facing the street). Furthermore, the method should provide two types of quantitative calculation methods for these key characteristics: one based on a single location and the other based on the entire urban street. This will support a comprehensive, accurate, and multi-faceted analysis of the spatial perception of urban streets, providing an objective basis for assessing whether the construction of urban streets has met planning expectations, and ultimately offering reasonable suggestions and re-evaluation bases for urban street renovations.

[0005] According to the first aspect of this disclosure, a method for analyzing the spatial perception of urban streets is provided. The method includes: acquiring urban road network vector data and building outline vector data for each urban street using a processor, wherein the building outline vector data includes building height information; and determining, based on the acquired urban road network vector data and building outline vector data for each urban street, the street space width, building height along the street, street space aspect ratio, building interface continuity along the street, and building volume along the street for each urban street. The street space width represents the lateral gap between buildings on both sides of the urban street, the building height along the street represents the representative height of buildings on both sides of the urban street, and the street space aspect ratio represents the ratio of the building height along the street to the building volume. The ratio of street space width, the continuity of the building interface along the street represents the ratio of the length of the interface formed by the buildings on both sides of the city street to the road length of the city street, and the surface dimensions of the buildings on both sides of the city street facing the street are used as the building volume along the street; by comparing the determined street space width, building height along the street, street space height-to-width ratio, building interface continuity along the street, and building volume along the street of each city street with a first preset range of street space width, a second preset range of street building height, a third preset range of street space height-to-width ratio, a fourth preset range of building interface continuity along the street, and a fifth preset range of building volume along the street, it is determined whether the spatial perception of each city street meets the planning expectations of the city street.

[0006] According to a second aspect of this disclosure, an apparatus for analyzing the spatial perception of urban streets is provided. The apparatus includes a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor. The processor is configured to, when running the program, execute a method for analyzing the spatial perception of urban streets according to various embodiments of the first aspect of this disclosure.

[0007] According to a third aspect of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein when a processor is run, the program causes the processor to perform a method for analyzing the spatial perception of urban streets according to various embodiments of the first aspect of this disclosure.

[0008] The method for analyzing the spatial perception of urban streets according to various embodiments of this disclosure models the spatial perception of urban streets into key characteristic indicators such as street width, building height, street height-to-width ratio, building interface continuity, and building volume. Considering that people perceive street space in different ways and from different angles, and from different dimensions such as fixed-point observation and continuous experience, and proximity perception and overall perception, it proposes multiple methods for quantifying the above key characteristic indicators using computer programs based on easily accessible multi-source data. This provides a low-cost, high-precision, and comprehensive evaluation means for assessing whether urban streets meet planning expectations. Attached Figure Description

[0009] In drawings that are not necessarily drawn to scale, the same reference numerals may describe similar parts in different views. The drawings generally illustrate various embodiments by way of example rather than limitation and are used, together with the description and claims, to illustrate the disclosed embodiments. Where appropriate, the same reference numerals are used in all drawings to refer to the same or similar parts. Such embodiments are illustrative and not intended to be exhaustive or exclusive embodiments of the apparatus or method.

[0010] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating a spatial view of a city street according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and key features for analyzing the spatial perception of a city street;

[0011] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a method for analyzing the spatial perception of urban streets according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0012] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating a first method for calculating the street space width, building height along the street, and street space height-to-width ratio of an urban street according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0013] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating a second method for calculating the street space width, building height along the street, and street space height-to-width ratio of an urban street according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0014] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating a third method for calculating the street space width, building height, and street space height-to-width ratio of an urban street according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0015] Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating a first method for calculating the continuity of building facades and building volumes along urban streets according to embodiments of the present disclosure; and

[0016] Figure 7A schematic diagram illustrating a second method for calculating the continuity of the building facade and the building volume along a city street according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this disclosure, the disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of this disclosure will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, but this is not intended to limit the disclosure. If there is no necessary sequential relationship between the various steps described herein, the order in which they are described as examples should not be considered a limitation. Those skilled in the art should understand that the order can be adjusted as long as it does not disrupt the logical coherence between them and render the entire process impossible.

[0018] Unless the context explicitly requires it, the words "comprising," "including," and similar terms throughout the specification and claims should be interpreted as encompassing rather than being exclusive or exhaustive; that is, meaning "including but not limited to."

[0019] In the description of this disclosure, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, in the description of this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0020] The various embodiments and features of this disclosure will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating a spatial view of a city street according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and key features for analyzing the spatial perception of city streets. In such... Figure 1 In the urban street space view shown, for ease of description, the coordinate axes in the XYZ three-dimensional space are defined as follows: the horizontal axis perpendicular to the street is the X-axis, the vertical axis perpendicular to the street is the Y-axis, and the coordinate axis parallel to the direction of street extension is the Z-axis. In some embodiments, key features used to analyze the spatial perception of urban streets may include the street width, building height along the street, street height-to-width ratio, building facade continuity, and building volume along the street. Each key feature is described below.

[0022] Street space width is a key feature of street space along the X-axis, representing the lateral distance between buildings on both sides of a city street; that is, the width of the space enclosed by the buildings on both sides of the street. Note that when a city street consists of the road and parts outside the road, such as sidewalks, the aforementioned street space width is not equal to the road width; it also includes the distance outside the road, such as the distance from the road edge to the buildings on both sides.

[0023] The height of buildings along the street is a key feature of the street space along the Y-axis, representing the representative height of buildings on both sides of a city street. In some embodiments, this representative height may be the average height of buildings on both sides of the city street. In other embodiments, it may be a weighted average height calculated by combining other factors, and this is not limited here.

[0024] The height-to-width ratio of street space is a key feature of street space in the XY axis direction. It represents the ratio of the height of buildings along the street to the width of the street space. In other words, it is the height-to-width ratio of the "street valley" formed by the buildings on both sides of the city street enclosing the road.

[0025] The continuity of the building facade along the street is a key feature of street space in the Z-axis direction, representing the ratio of the length of the facade formed by buildings on both sides of a city street to the total length of the street.

[0026] The volume of buildings along the street is a key feature of street space in the YZ axis direction. It represents the surface dimensions of buildings on both sides of a city street facing the street, that is, the perceived volume formed by the height and width of the buildings on both sides of the city street facing the street.

[0027] The synergy of the aforementioned key features can fully consider the comprehensiveness and complexity of people's experiences in urban street spaces, including various spatial dimensions, as well as static and dynamic perceptions. This allows for a comprehensive representation of citizens' daily spatial experiences of urban streets and the implementation of urban construction planning requirements at various levels. For example, from the perspective of urban planning managers, urban streets are a key element of their planning. The width of the street space and the continuity of the building facades along the street can determine the street width and the proportion of the street area. For instance, urban streets can be planned and constructed based on the classification of urban road types in existing national road standards, as well as the standards and regulations regarding the width, surrounding building height, and height-to-width ratio of different types of roads. Furthermore, from the perspective of improving the quality of street space, the continuity of the building facades along the street and the volume of buildings along the street can be controlled and evaluated.

[0028] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a method for analyzing the spatial perception of urban streets according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0029] In step S201, the processor acquires urban road network vector data and building outline vector data for each city street. In some embodiments, in order to analyze the spatial perception of city streets, it is necessary to model the key features required for quantitative calculation. Therefore, some data preparation is required, including acquiring urban road network vector data and building outline vector data (including building height information) for each city street. This data can typically be obtained from open-source data websites such as open street maps. In other embodiments, if some of the above data is missing, it can also be obtained through methods such as manual on-site measurement. This disclosure does not impose any limitations on this.

[0030] In step S202, based on the acquired urban road network vector data and building outline vector data of each city street, the street space width, building height along the street, street space height-to-width ratio, building interface continuity along the street, and building volume along the street are determined for each city street. The street space width represents the gap between buildings on both sides of the city street in the lateral direction of the road. The building height along the street represents the representative height of the buildings on both sides of the city street. The street space height-to-width ratio represents the ratio of the building height along the street to the street space width. The building interface continuity represents the proportion of the length of the interface formed by the buildings on both sides of the city street to the length of the city street. The surface dimensions of the buildings on both sides of the city street facing the street are used as the building volume along the street.

[0031] In step S203, the determined street space width, building height, street space height-to-width ratio, building interface continuity, and building volume of each city street are compared with a first preset range for street space width, a second preset range for building height, a third preset range for street space height-to-width ratio, a fourth preset range for building interface continuity, and a fifth preset range for building volume. If the deviation of the street space width from the first preset range is no greater than a first threshold, the deviation of the building height from the second preset range is no greater than a second threshold, the deviation of the street space height-to-width ratio from the third preset range is no greater than a third threshold, the deviation of the building interface continuity from the fourth preset range is no greater than a fourth threshold, and the deviation of the building volume from the fifth preset range is no greater than a fifth threshold, and all the above conditions are met, then in step S204, it is determined that the spatial experience of each city street meets the planning expectations for the city street. Otherwise, if any of the above conditions are not met, in step S205, it is determined that the spatial experience of each city street does not meet the planning expectations for the city street, and information indicating the need for renovation of each city street is provided. In some embodiments, each of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth preset ranges can be preset during urban street planning. In some embodiments, the aforementioned renovation prompt information can be displayed on a monitor ( Figure 2 The information (not shown in the image) can be displayed on a screen. For example, it can present whether the spatial perception of each city street meets the planning expectations in a list or a combination of text and graphics to the user. Alternatively, city streets that do not meet the planning expectations can be highlighted with corresponding prompts. In other embodiments, different colors or markers can be used to indicate the degree of deviation between the key features of each city street and the planning expectations. The specific method is not limited here.

[0032] Taking my country as an example, in the existing road standards, urban roads are divided into types such as expressways, arterial roads, secondary arterial roads, and local roads. The width of different types of roads and the height of surrounding buildings are not the same. For example, the width of pedestrian street space should be 16 to 24 meters, and should not exceed 30 meters; while for expressways and other roads that need to meet a large number of traffic demands, the street width can be widened.

[0033] In some embodiments, the aspect ratio of the street space can be set between 0.3 and 1.

[0034] In some embodiments, when the value of the continuity of the building facade along the street, which reflects the continuity of the street, is low, the renovation prompt message can suggest that this indicator be improved. In other embodiments, when the building facade along the street is too long due to functional requirements or other reasons, the renovation prompt message can suggest that the building facade be divided into several segments less than a certain threshold in order to maintain the continuity and rhythm of the entire street.

[0035] In some embodiments, and only as an example, when the value of the building volume along the street exceeds the square of the street width, it may be suggested to modify it to improve the quality of the space.

[0036] The above modification prompts are for illustrative purposes only. In actual implementation, they can be executed according to applicable standards. No specific restrictions are placed on the manner or content of the prompts.

[0037] In some embodiments, for example, the city streets can be modified according to the modification prompt information for each city street in step S205 above. After the modification, the processor again obtains the city road network vector data and building outline vector data of each city street after modification. Based on the obtained city road network vector data and building outline vector data of each city street after modification, the street space width, building height along the street, street space height-to-width ratio, building interface continuity, and building volume of each city street after modification are determined. In some embodiments, the determined street space width, building height along the street, street space height-to-width ratio, building interface continuity, and building volume of each city street after modification are further compared with a first preset range of street space width, a second preset range of building height along the street, a third preset range of street space height-to-width ratio, a fourth preset range of building interface continuity, and a fifth preset range of building volume along the street to determine whether the spatial experience of each city street after modification meets the planning expectations of the city street.

[0038] The processor as described above ( Figure 2(Not shown in the image) can be configured to perform a method for analyzing the spatial perception of urban streets according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the processor may be a processing device including one or more general-purpose processing devices, such as a microprocessor, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), etc. More specifically, the processor may be a complex instruction set computing (CISC) microprocessor, a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) microprocessor, a very long instruction word (VLIW) microprocessor, a processor running other instruction sets, or a processor running a combination of instruction sets. The at least one processor 701 may also be one or more special-purpose processing devices, such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), system-on-a-chip (SoCs), etc. In some embodiments, the processor may be located in a local general-purpose or special-purpose device, or it may be located remotely, for example, but not limited to, in the cloud.

[0039] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating a first method for calculating the street space width, building height along the street, and street space height-to-width ratio of an urban street according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 3 The calculation method for the street space width, building height, and street space height-to-width ratio of the city street shown is a sampling point-based calculation method. Therefore, one or more sampling points are first set up on the road of the city street, and similar processing is performed for each sampling point. Based on the calculated street space width, building height, and street space height-to-width ratio at each sampling point, the street space width, building height, and street space height-to-width ratio of the city street are obtained.

[0040] exist Figure 3 In the city street 300 of length L shown, four sampling points are set on the centerline segment 301 of the road: sampling point P1, sampling point P2, sampling point P3, and sampling point P4. In this example, for simplicity, the road endpoint 302 is used as sampling point P1. Between road endpoint 302 and road endpoint 303, the next sampling point is set at a fixed interval k. However, it should be noted that in some other embodiments, the positions of the sampling points can be set according to other criteria, and do not have to be equally spaced.

[0041] After determining the sampling points, at each sampling point, a line segment of a first length is generated along a direction perpendicular to the road, extending equal lengths beyond both sides of the road. In some embodiments, the first length may be a pre-defined maximum acceptable street width for the city street. Next, it is determined whether the line segment of the first length intersects with the buildings on both sides of the city street 300. Figure 3In the above, for sampling point P1, it can be seen that regardless of the length of the generated line segment, it does not intersect with the buildings on both sides of city street 300. In this case, it can be determined that the street space width w1, the building height h1, and the street space height-to-width ratio hwr1 of sampling point P1 are all null values. In other embodiments, for example, corresponding to sampling point P3, when the first length of the generated line segment is b3, the line segment intersects with one side of city street 300 ( Figure 3 The buildings on the right side of the middle section have no intersection with the buildings on the other side. Figure 3 When the buildings on the left side of the sampling point P3 intersect, it can be determined that the street space width w3 and the street space height-to-width ratio hwr3 of the sampling point P3 are both null values. At the same time, the side without intersection ( Figure 3 The height h of the street-facing building (on the right side of the image) r3 It is also a null value, while the other side of the intersection point ( Figure 3 The intersection closest to the road (on the left side) Figure 3 The building height of building 3B4 in the middle is used as the other side of sampling point P3. Figure 3 The height h of the street-facing building (on the left side of the image) l3 That is, the height h of the street-facing building to the right of sampling point P3. r3 The value is empty, while the height h of the street-facing building on the left is... l3 h4 represents the height of building 3B4.

[0042] In some embodiments, for example when a line segment of a first length generated at a sampling point intersects with buildings on both sides of the city street 300, the distance between the two closest intersection points on both sides of the city street 300 is determined as the street space width of the sampling point, the building heights at the two intersection points are determined as the street-facing building heights on the corresponding sides of the sampling point, and the street space aspect ratio of the sampling point is calculated based on the average of the street space width of the sampling point and the street-facing building heights on both sides. Figure 3 Taking sampling points P2 and P4 as examples, the street space width w2 of sampling point P2 can be determined using the method described above as the distance b2 between the intersection of the line segment and buildings 3B1 and 3B3, while the height h of the street-facing buildings to the left of sampling point P2 is... l2 The height h3 of building 3B3, and the height h of the street-facing building on the right. r2 Let h1 be the height of building 3B1. Similarly, the street space width w4 at sampling point P4 is the distance b4 between the intersection of the line segment and buildings 3B2 and 3B4, while the height h of the street-facing building to the left of sampling point P4 is... l4 The height h4 is the height of building 3B4, and the height h of the street-facing building on the right is... r4 h2 is the height of building 3B2.

[0043] In some embodiments, the street space width, building height, and street space aspect ratio of city street 300 can be obtained based on the street space width, building height, and street space aspect ratio of each sampling point obtained as described above. In some embodiments, as an example, the average of the street space width, building height, and street space aspect ratio corresponding to each sampling point can be calculated as the values ​​of the street space width, building height, and street space aspect ratio of city street 300. When a feature value of a sampling point is null, that feature value is not included in the averaging calculation of the corresponding feature values ​​of city street 300. Therefore, in Figure 3 In the example, the street space width w, the building height h, and the street space height-to-width ratio hwr of city street 300 can be calculated using the following formulas (1)-(3):

[0044]

[0045]

[0046]

[0047] Where w2 and w4 are the street space widths at sampling points P2 and P4, respectively, while the street space widths w1 and w3 corresponding to sampling points P1 and P3 are null values ​​and therefore are not included in the calculation of the average value. l2 and h r2 h l4 and h r4 The heights of the buildings along the street on the left and right sides of the street at sampling points P2 and P4 are respectively, while the height of the buildings along the street at sampling point P1 is h. l1 and h r1 The value is empty, corresponding to the height h of the street-facing building to the right of P3. r3 Since the values ​​are null, P1 and P3 are not included in the calculation of the average height. hwr2 and hwr4 are the street space height-to-width ratios of sampling points P2 and P4, respectively. The street space height-to-width ratios of hwr1 and hwr3 corresponding to sampling points P1 and P3 are null, so they are not included in the calculation of the average.

[0048] In some embodiments, the number of sampling points can be determined according to the required analytical accuracy. The higher the required analytical accuracy, the larger the number of sampling points. When the interval between each sampling point is extremely small, near-continuous key feature analysis results can be obtained, but at the same time, the computational burden will also increase. Therefore, considering all aspects such as analytical accuracy, computational speed and computational load, the preferred range of the distance between each sampling point is between 10 meters and 100 meters.

[0049] like Figure 3The calculation methods for street space width, building height, and street space height-to-width ratio based on sampling points in urban streets can reflect people's perception of street space under fixed-point observation scenarios. For example, when measurements are taken at various sampling points on a 400-meter-long street, if a 100-meter-high building is measured on one side only at a specific sampling point, then the perception of this street is that "there is a tall building" at a specific location. Since there is no building on the other side, this sampling point is not included in the calculation of street space height.

[0050] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrates a second method for calculating the street space width, building height along the street, and street space height-to-width ratio of an urban street according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Besides employing... Figure 3 The sampling point-based method shown can also be used as follows: Figure 4 The second method shown is based on the maximum building interface to calculate the street space width, building height along the street, and street space height-to-width ratio of city street 400.

[0051] In some embodiments, the center line segment 401 of the city street 400 can be translated to both sides by a predetermined first step length q each time. When the translation distance is less than or equal to a predetermined fifth threshold w, the overlap length and height of the overlapping buildings on the corresponding sides of the translated center line segment 401 are calculated and recorded in association with the translation distance. As an example, in Figure 4 In the diagram, center segment 401 is translated three times to the right by distances q, 2q, and 3q, reaching the fifth threshold w. After the first translation by distance q, center segment 401 overlaps with buildings 4B1, 4B3, and 4B4, respectively, with overlap lengths and heights of 4B1(d1,h1), 4B3(d2,h3), and 4B4(d3,h4). After the second translation by distance 2q, center segment 401 overlaps with buildings 4B3 and 4B4, respectively, with overlap lengths and heights of 4B3(d2,h3) and 4B4(d3,h4). After the third translation with a distance of 3q, the center line segment 401 coincides with buildings 4B2, 4B3 and 4B5 respectively. The corresponding coincidence lengths and heights of the overlapping buildings are: building 4B2(d4,h2), building 4B3(d2,h3) and building 4B5(d5,h5).

[0052] Next, based on the relevant data records after each translation, the translation distance at which the sum of the overlapping lengths of all overlapping buildings reaches its maximum value after each translation on both sides is determined through calculation and comparison, and these distances are respectively used as the first distance and the second distance. Figure 4Data from the three translations of the center line segment 401 to the right of the road shows that the sum of the overlapping lengths after the first translation is the maximum value among the three translations: d1 + d2 + d3. Therefore, when the translation distance is q, the maximum building interface MAI on the right is obtained. Thus, the translation distance q at which the maximum building interface MAI on the right is obtained can be taken as the first distance on the right side of the corresponding city street. In some embodiments, the same method as the first distance can be used, by translating the center line segment 401 to the left multiple times, and obtaining the translation distance at which the sum of the overlapping lengths of the overlapping buildings after each translation reaches the maximum value, as the second distance on the left side of the city street. Figure 4 In this context, the second distance determined by the above method is q, and the overlapping buildings corresponding to the second distance are building 4B6(d6,h6) and building 4B7(d7,h7). In some embodiments, the first distance and the second distance can be respectively used as the street space width on both sides of the city street 400, and the sum of the first distance and the second distance can be used as the street space width of the city street 400. Therefore, in Figure 4 The street space width of the city street 400 shown is 2q.

[0053] In other embodiments, when the translation distance is greater than the fifth threshold w, if each translation of the center line segment 401 does not overlap with the buildings on one side of the street, then the street space width and street space height-to-width ratio on the corresponding side are determined to be null values, and the height of the buildings along the street is determined to be null values.

[0054] Next, calculate the building heights on both sides of the city street 400 using the following steps. First, calculate the ratio of the overlap length of each overlapping building associated with the first and second distances to the sum of the overlap lengths of all overlapping buildings on the corresponding sides, and use this ratio as the weight of the overlapping buildings. Figure 4 Taking the two sides of a street in a medium-sized city as an example, the overlapping buildings associated with the first distance on the right side of the street are buildings 4B1, 4B3, and 4B4, with corresponding weights of d1 / (d1+d2+d3), d2 / (d1+d2+d3), and d3 / (d1+d2+d3), respectively; the overlapping buildings associated with the second distance on the left side of the street are buildings 4B6 and 4B7, with corresponding weights of d6 / (d6+d7) and d7 / (d6+d7), respectively.

[0055] Then, the height of the buildings along the corresponding side of city street 400 can be calculated based on the weights and heights of the overlapping buildings. Therefore, the height h of the buildings along the right side of city street 400 is... r And the height h of the street-facing building on the left l The following formula (4) can be used to calculate:

[0056]

[0057] In some embodiments, the street space width of the city street 400, as previously described, can be used as a basis (in... Figure 4 The height of buildings along the street on both sides of the city street is 400 (2q) and h. r h l The average value is used to further calculate the height-to-width ratio of the street space of urban street 400 according to the following formula (5):

[0058]

[0059] Utilize Figure 4 The method shown, based on the maximum building interface, calculates the street space width, building height along the street, and street space height-to-width ratio of urban streets, which can reflect people's overall perception and experience of street space during continuous walking.

[0060] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrates a third method for calculating the street space width, building height, and street space height-to-width ratio of an urban street according to embodiments of this disclosure. Besides employing methods such as... Figure 3 and Figure 4 In addition to the methods shown, other methods can also be used such as Figure 5 The third method shown is based on the nearest building interface to calculate the street space width, building height along the street, and street space height-to-width ratio of city street 400.

[0061] In some embodiments, the center line segment 501 of the city street 500 can be shifted to both sides by a predetermined first step length q each time. When the shift distance is less than or equal to a predetermined fifth threshold w, the shift distance corresponding to the nearest building interface where the shifted center line segment 501 first overlaps with the corresponding building on both sides is calculated, and these are respectively used as the third distance and the fourth distance. The overlap length and height of each overlapping building on the corresponding side are recorded in association with the third distance and the fourth distance, respectively. As an example, in Figure 5In the diagram, after the center line segment 501 is translated to the right by a distance q, it overlaps with the corresponding building on the right. Therefore, the translation distance corresponding to the nearest building interface NAI is q, and the overlapping buildings are buildings 5B1, 5B2, and 5B3. Thus, q is used as the third distance, and the following data is recorded in association with the third distance: building 5B1 (d1, h1), building 5B2 (d2, h2), and building 5B3 (d3, h3). In some embodiments, a similar method can be used to obtain the translation distance when the translated center line segment 501 first overlaps with the building on the left side of the street, i.e., the fourth distance. The above-mentioned third and fourth distances are respectively used as the street space widths on both sides of the city street 500, and the sum of the third and fourth distances is used as the street space width of the city street 500.

[0062] In other embodiments, after the center line segment 501 has been translated multiple times, if the translation distance is greater than the fifth threshold w, and the center line segment 501 still does not overlap with the building on one side of the street, then it is determined that the street space width and street space height-to-width ratio on the corresponding side are null values, and the height of the building along the street is also null.

[0063] Next, calculate the building heights on both sides of the city street 500 using the following steps. First, calculate the ratio of the overlap length of each overlapping building associated with the third and fourth distances to the sum of the overlap lengths of all overlapping buildings on the corresponding sides, and use this ratio as the weight of each overlapping building. Figure 5 Taking the right side of street 500 in a medium-sized city as an example, the overlapping buildings associated with the third distance on the right side of the street are building 5B1, building 5B2 and building 5B3, with corresponding weights of d1 / (d1+d2+d3), d2 / (d1+d2+d3) and d3 / (d1+d2+d3) respectively. The overlapping buildings on the left side of the street are not shown, and the calculation method used for them is exactly the same as that for the right side of the street, so they will not be described here.

[0064] Then, the height of the buildings along the corresponding side of city street 500 can be calculated based on the weights and heights of the overlapping buildings. Thus, the height h of the buildings along the right side of city street 500 can be determined. r = (h1×d1+h3×d2+h4×d3) / (d1+d2+d3), and correspondingly, the same calculation method can be used to obtain the height h of the building along the left side of the city street 500. l .

[0065] In some embodiments, the street space width of the city street 400 and the height h of the buildings along both sides of the city street 400, as previously described, can be used as a basis. r and h l The average value is used to calculate the height-to-width ratio of urban street spaces.

[0066] Utilize Figure 5 The method shown, based on the nearest building interface, calculates the street space width, building height along the street, and street space height-to-width ratio of urban streets, which can reflect the perceptual experience when the observer focuses mainly on the buildings in front of the street during continuous walking.

[0067] Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrates a first method for calculating the continuity of the street-facing building interface and the street-facing building volume according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0068] First of all, Figure 6 In the city street 600 shown in the left half, buffer zones 611 and 612 with a width of the fifth threshold w can be drawn from the center line segment 601 of the road to both sides of the city street 600, respectively, to obtain the overlapping parts of the buildings on both sides of the city street 600 and the corresponding buffer zones. Figure 6 As can be seen, buffer 611 contains two overlapping buildings, and buffer 612 contains three overlapping buildings.

[0069] Below, in conjunction with Figure 6 The right half explains the calculation method based on the maximum building interface for the continuity of the building interface and the building volume along the street of a 600-meter urban street.

[0070] In some embodiments, the first projected lengths of each overlapping building on the centerline segment 601 of the road in buffer zones 611 and 612 on both sides of the city street 600 can be calculated respectively. Specifically, in Figure 6 The examples are: Building 6B1(d1,h1), Building 6B2(d2,h2), Building 6B3(d3,h3), Building 6B4(d4,h4), and Building 6B5(d5,h5), where d1 to d5 are the first projected lengths of Building 6B1 to Building 6B5 on the centerline segment 601, and h1 to h5 are the heights of Building 6B1 to Building 6B5. Note that the first projected length of each overlapping building here represents its maximum projected length on the centerline segment 601, that is, the projected length of the largest building interface.

[0071] Next, the ratio of the sum of the first projected lengths of all overlapping buildings on one side of city street 600 to the length of city street 600 is calculated as the continuity of the street-facing building interface on the corresponding side of city street 600. Figure 6 The continuity c of the building facade on the left side of the city street 600 shown l Continuity c of the street-facing building facade on the right r It can be calculated using the following formula (6):

[0072]

[0073] Among them, c l c represents the continuity of the building facades on the left side of a city street at a distance of 600. r The continuity of the building facade on the right side of city street 600 is represented by L, which is the length of city street 600. l1 to l5 represent the first projected lengths of buildings 6B1 to 6B5.

[0074] In some embodiments, the average value of the continuity of the building facades on both sides of the city street 600 can be used as the continuity of the building facades along the city street 600. Therefore, the continuity of the building facades along the city street 600 can be calculated according to the following formula (7):

[0075]

[0076] Where c represents the continuity of the building interface along the city street 600, L is the length of the city street 600, and d1 to d5 represent the first projected lengths of buildings 6B1 to 6B5.

[0077] Furthermore, the product of the first projected length and the height of each overlapping building in the already calculated overlapping portion can be used as the first projected area on the vertical plane from the building facade of each overlapping building to the centerline segment 601 of the road, and the average of the first projected areas of each overlapping building can be used as the street-facing building volume of the city street 600. Please note, refer to Figure 1 In the coordinate system, the vertical plane of the centerline segment 601 of the aforementioned road refers to the vertical plane in space formed by extending the centerline segment 601 in the Y-axis direction. Because... Figure 6 The overlapping section includes five buildings, from building 6B1 to building 6B5. Therefore, the building volume along city street 600 can be calculated using the following formula (8):

[0078]

[0079] Where v represents the building volume along the city street 600.

[0080] In some embodiments, the fifth threshold w is the maximum distance from the center line segment 601 of the city street 600 to both sides of the city street 600 where the building interface can be perceived. The value of the fifth threshold w can be set between 20 meters and 50 meters.

[0081] Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating a second method for calculating the continuity of the building facade and the building volume along a city street according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0082] First of all, Figure 7In the city street 700 shown in the left half, buffer zones 711 and 712 with a width of the fifth threshold w can be drawn from the center line segment 701 of the road to both sides of the city street 700, respectively, to obtain the overlapping parts of the buildings on both sides of the city street 700 and the corresponding buffer zones. Figure 7 As can be seen, buffer 711 contains two overlapping buildings, and buffer 712 contains three overlapping buildings.

[0083] Below, in conjunction with Figure 7 The right half explains the calculation method for the continuity of the building facades and the building volume along the street of the city street 700 based on the nearest building facade.

[0084] In some embodiments, among the overlapping buildings in the buffer zones on both sides, the edge of each overlapping building closest to the city street 700 can be determined, and the second projection length of the aforementioned closest edge on the centerline segment 701 of the road can be calculated. Therefore, the second projection length and corresponding building height of each overlapping building can be determined as: building 7B1(d1,h1), building 7B2(d2,h2), building 7B3(d3,h3), building 7B4(d4,h4), and building 7B5(d5,h5), where d1 to d5 are the second projection lengths of buildings 7B1 to 7B5 on the centerline segment 601, and h1 to h5 are the heights of buildings 7B1 to 7B5, respectively. Note that... Figure 6 It can be seen that the first projection length and the second projection length of the building 7B4 on the left side of the city street 700 are not the same. This is because the building interface of building 7B4 has multiple layers. In this example, the projection length of the interface closest to the street on the center line segment 701 is taken as the second projection length.

[0085] Next, the ratio of the sum of the second projected lengths of all overlapping buildings on one side of city street 700 to the length L of city street 700 is calculated as the continuity of the street-facing building interface on the corresponding side of city street 700. Figure 7 The continuity c of the building facade on the left side of the city street 700 shown l Continuity c of the street-facing building facade on the right r The following formula (9) can be used to calculate:

[0086]

[0087] Among them, c l c represents the continuity of the building facades on the left side of a city street at 700 degrees. r The continuity of the street-facing building interface on the right side of city street 700 is represented by L, which is the length of city street 700. l1 to l5 represent the second projected lengths of buildings 7B1 to 7B5.

[0088] In some embodiments, the average value of the continuity of the building facades on both sides of the city street 700 can be used as the continuity of the building facades along the city street 700. Therefore, the continuity of the building facades along the city street 700 can be calculated according to the following formula (10):

[0089]

[0090] Where c represents the continuity of the building interface along the street of city street 700, L is the length of city street 600, and l1 to l5 represent the second projection lengths of buildings 7B1 to 7B5.

[0091] Furthermore, the product of the calculated second projected length and the height of each overlapping building in the overlapping section can be used as the second projected area on the vertical plane from the building facade of each overlapping building to the centerline segment 701 of the road, and the average of the second projected areas of each overlapping building can be used as the street-facing building volume of the city street 700. Please note, refer to... Figure 1 In the coordinate system, the vertical plane of the centerline segment 701 of the aforementioned road refers to the vertical plane in space formed by extending the centerline segment 701 in the Y-axis direction. Because... Figure 7 The overlapping section includes five buildings, from building 7B1 to building 7B5. Therefore, the building volume along city street 600 can be calculated using the following formula (11):

[0092]

[0093] Where v represents the building volume along the city street 700, l1 to l5 represent the second projected lengths of buildings 7B1 to 7B5, and h1 to h5 represent the heights of buildings 7B1 to 7B5 respectively.

[0094] In some embodiments, the fifth threshold w is the maximum distance from the center line segment 701 of the city street 700 to both sides of the city street 700 where the building interface can be perceived. The value range of the fifth threshold w can be set between 20 meters and 50 meters.

[0095] The method for analyzing the spatial perception of urban streets according to the various embodiments of this disclosure, as described above, fully considers the comprehensiveness and complexity of people's perception and evaluation in urban street space. It analyzes the spatial perception of urban streets from different dimensions, including fixed-point observation and continuous experience, and proximity perception and overall perception. This enables quantitative assessment of key indicators of urban space in my country during large-scale construction and provides guidance for related planning and renovation. The method for analyzing the spatial perception of urban streets according to the embodiments of this disclosure achieves the analysis of urban street space and the quantitative assessment of whether the spatial perception of each urban street meets the planning expectations by acquiring and utilizing urban road network and building outline vector data. This avoids the disadvantages of high cost, low efficiency, and large errors associated with traditional manual on-site recording. It enables comprehensive, accurate, and multi-faceted high-precision analysis of the spatial perception of urban streets at a lower cost, providing objective evidence for assessing whether the construction of urban streets meets planning expectations, and thus providing reasonable suggestions and re-evaluation basis for urban street renovation.

[0096] On the other hand, the method for analyzing the spatial perception of urban streets according to the embodiments of this disclosure further addresses the comprehensiveness and complexity of street spatial perception by integrating objective elements with subjective evaluations, point locations with linear streets, and also provides multiple schemes and adjustable parameters for quantitative calculation of key features. This provides sufficient flexibility for analyzing the spatial perception of urban streets and evaluating the construction of urban streets in different scenarios.

[0097] Embodiments of this disclosure also provide an apparatus for analyzing the spatial perception of urban streets. The apparatus includes a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor. When the processor runs the program, it performs the steps of the methods for analyzing the spatial perception of urban streets described in the foregoing embodiments.

[0098] Specifically, during program execution, the processor acquires urban road network vector data and building outline vector data for each city street, wherein the building outline vector data includes building height information. In some embodiments, based on the acquired urban road network vector data and building outline vector data for each city street, the street space width, building height along the street, street space aspect ratio, building interface continuity along the street, and building volume along the street can be further determined. The street space width represents the lateral gap between buildings on both sides of the city street; the building height along the street represents the representative height of buildings on both sides of the city street; the street space aspect ratio represents the ratio of building height to street space width; the building interface continuity represents the proportion of the length of the interface formed by buildings on both sides of the city street to the total road length; and the surface dimensions of buildings on both sides of the city street facing the street are used as the building volume along the street. Furthermore, by comparing the determined street space width, building height, street space height-to-width ratio, building interface continuity, and building volume of each city street with the first preset range for street space width, the second preset range for building height, the third preset range for street space height-to-width ratio, the fourth preset range for building interface continuity, and the fifth preset range for building volume, it can be determined whether the spatial experience of each city street meets the planning expectations of the city street.

[0099] In other embodiments, the apparatus for analyzing the spatial perception of urban streets according to the present disclosure may also perform the steps of the method for analyzing the spatial perception of urban streets according to any of the embodiments of the present disclosure, which are not listed one by one.

[0100] Embodiments of this disclosure also provide a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program that, when run by a processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of a method for analyzing the spatial perception of urban streets according to various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0101] Furthermore, although exemplary embodiments have been described herein, their scope includes any and all embodiments based on this disclosure that have equivalent elements, modifications, omissions, combinations (e.g., schemes involving intersections of various embodiments), adaptations, or alterations. Elements in the claims will be interpreted broadly based on the language used in the claims and are not limited to the examples described in this specification or during the implementation of this application, and such examples will be interpreted as non-exclusive. Therefore, this specification and examples are intended to be considered illustrative only, and the true scope and spirit are indicated by the full scope of the following claims and their equivalents.

[0102] The above description is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. For example, the above examples (or one or more thereof) can be used in combination with each other. Other embodiments may be used by those skilled in the art upon reading the above description. Furthermore, in the above detailed description, various features may be grouped together to simplify this disclosure. This should not be construed as an intention that a disclosed feature, which is not claimed, is necessary for any claim. Rather, the subject matter of the invention may be less than all the features of a particular disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following claims are incorporated herein by reference as examples or embodiments, wherein each claim is independently considered as a separate embodiment, and these embodiments are contemplated as being possible in various combinations or arrangements. The scope of the invention should be determined by reference to the appended claims and the full scope of their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing the spatial perception of urban streets, characterized in that, The method includes: by a processor, Obtain urban road network vector data and building outline vector data for each city street, wherein the building outline vector data includes building height information; Based on the acquired urban road network vector data and building outline vector data of each city street, the street space width, building height along the street, street space height-to-width ratio, building interface continuity, and building volume along the street of each city street are determined. The street space width represents the gap between buildings on both sides of the city street in the lateral direction of the road. The building height along the street represents the representative height of the buildings on both sides of the city street. The street space height-to-width ratio represents the ratio of the building height to the street space width. The building interface continuity represents the proportion of the length of the interface formed by the buildings on both sides of the city street to the length of the city street. The surface dimensions of the buildings on both sides of the city street facing the street are used as the building volume along the street. By comparing the determined street space width, building height, street space height-to-width ratio, building interface continuity, and building volume of each city street with the first preset range of street space width, the second preset range of building height, the third preset range of street space height-to-width ratio, the fourth preset range of building interface continuity, and the fifth preset range of building volume, it is determined whether the spatial perception of each city street meets the planning expectations of the city street.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: When the deviation of the street space width of each city street from a first preset range is no greater than a first threshold, the deviation of the building height from a second preset range is no greater than a second threshold, the deviation of the street space height-to-width ratio from a third preset range is no greater than a third threshold, the deviation of the street space interface continuity from a fourth preset range is no greater than a fourth threshold, and the deviation of the street space building volume from a fifth preset range is no greater than a fifth threshold... The processor determines that the spatial perception of each city street meets the planning expectations of the city street, and each of the first preset range, the second preset range, the third preset range, the fourth preset range and the fifth preset range is preset during the planning of the city street.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: When any one of the following conditions is met: the deviation of the street space width from a first preset range of street space width exceeds a first threshold; the deviation of the building height from a second preset range of building height exceeds a second threshold; the deviation of the street space height-to-width ratio from a third preset range of street space height-to-width ratio exceeds a third threshold; the deviation of the street space interface continuity from a fourth preset range of street space interface continuity exceeds a fourth threshold; or the deviation of the street space building volume from a fifth preset range of street space building volume exceeds a fifth threshold, the processor... Identify that the spatial experience of each city street does not meet the planning expectations for the city street, and provide information on the renovation of each city street; Obtain vector data of the urban road network and building outlines of each city street after the renovation; Based on the obtained urban road network vector data and building outline vector data of each city street after the renovation, the street space width, building height, street space height-to-width ratio, building interface continuity and building volume of each city street after renovation are determined. By comparing the street space width, building height, street space height-to-width ratio, building interface continuity, and building volume of each urban street after renovation with the first preset range of street space width, the second preset range of building height, the third preset range of street space height-to-width ratio, the fourth preset range of building interface continuity, and the fifth preset range of building volume, it is determined whether the spatial experience of each urban street meets the planning expectations of the urban street.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The street width, building height, and street height-to-width ratio of each city street are determined through the following steps: At least one sampling point is set up on the roads of the city streets, and for each sampling point, A line segment of a first length is generated along a direction perpendicular to the road, the line segment extending equal lengths beyond both sides of the road. Determine whether the line segment intersects with the buildings on both sides of the city street. When the line segment has no intersection with the buildings on both sides of the city street, the street space width, building height and street space height-to-width ratio of the sampling point are all null values. When the line segment intersects with a building on one side of the city street but not with a building on the other side, the street space width and street space height-to-width ratio of the sampling point are determined to be null values, the height of the building along the street on the side without intersection is determined to be null values, and the height of the building at the intersection point closest to the road on the other side with intersection is determined as the height of the building along the street on the other side of the sampling point. When the line segment intersects with buildings on both sides of the city street, the distance between the two closest intersection points on both sides of the city street is determined as the street space width of the sampling point, and the building heights at the two intersection points are determined as the street-facing building heights on the corresponding sides of the sampling point. Furthermore, the street space aspect ratio of the sampling point is calculated based on the average of the street space width and the street-facing building heights on both sides. Based on the street space width, the building height along the street, and the street space height-to-width ratio at each sampling point, the street space width, the building height along the street, and the street space height-to-width ratio of the city street are obtained.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The number of sampling points is determined according to the required analytical accuracy; the higher the required analytical accuracy, the larger the number of sampling points.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The distance between each sampling point ranges from 10 meters to 100 meters.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The street width, building height, and street height-to-width ratio of each city street are determined through the following steps: Each time, the center line segment of the city street is shifted to both sides by the first step length. When the shift distance is less than or equal to the fifth threshold, the overlap length of the shifted center line segment with each corresponding building and the height of the overlapping building are calculated and recorded in relation to the shift distance. When the translation distance is greater than the fifth threshold, if the center line segment does not overlap with any building on either side, then the street space width and street space height-to-width ratio on the corresponding side are determined to be null values, and the building height along the street is determined to be null values; otherwise... After each translation on both sides, the translation distance at which the sum of the overlapping lengths of the overlapping buildings reaches its maximum value is determined, and these distances are respectively taken as the first distance and the second distance. The first distance and the second distance are respectively used as the street space width on the corresponding side of the city street, and the sum of the first distance and the second distance is used as the street space width of the city street; Calculate the ratio of the overlap length of each overlapping building associated with the first distance and the second distance to the sum of the overlap lengths of each overlapping building on the corresponding side, and use this ratio as the weight of the overlapping building. Calculate the height of the street-facing buildings on the corresponding side of the city street based on the weights of each overlapping building and the height of the overlapping building. The street width-to-height ratio of the city street is calculated based on the average of the street width and the height of the buildings along the street on both sides.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The street width, building height, and street height-to-width ratio of each city street are determined through the following steps: Each time, the center line segment of the city street is translated to both sides by the first step length. When the translation distance is less than or equal to the fifth threshold, the translation distance when the center line segment after translation on both sides first coincides with the building on the corresponding side is calculated and used as the third distance and the fourth distance, respectively. The overlap length of the center line segment after translation and the height of each overlapping building on the corresponding side are recorded in association with the third distance and the fourth distance. When the translation distance is greater than the fifth threshold, if the center line segment does not overlap with any building on either side, then the street space width and street space height-to-width ratio on the corresponding side are determined to be null values, and the building height along the street is determined to be null values; otherwise... The third distance and the fourth distance are respectively used as the street space width on the corresponding side of the city street, and the sum of the third distance and the fourth distance is used as the street space width of the city street; Calculate the ratio of the overlap length of each overlapping building associated with the third distance and the fourth distance to the sum of the overlap lengths of each overlapping building on the corresponding side, and use this ratio as the weight of the overlapping building. Calculate the height of the street-facing buildings on the corresponding side of the city street based on the weights of each overlapping building and the height of the overlapping building. The street width-to-height ratio of the city street is calculated based on the average of the street width and the height of the buildings along the street on both sides.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The continuity of the building facades and the building volume along the streets of each city are determined through the following steps: A buffer zone with a width of the fifth threshold is drawn from the center line segment of the city street to both sides of the city street to obtain the overlapping part of the buildings on both sides of the city street and the buffer zone. The first projection length of each overlapping building in the overlapping part on the center line segment of the road is calculated. The ratio of the sum of the first projected lengths of each overlapping building to the length of the city street is calculated as the continuity of the street-facing building interface on the corresponding side of the city street. The average of the continuity of the street-facing building interface on both sides of the city street is taken as the continuity of the street-facing building interface of the city street. as well as Calculate the product of the first projected length of each overlapping building in the overlapping part and the height of each overlapping building, and use it as the first projected area on the vertical plane of the building facade of each overlapping building to the center line segment of the road. Use the average of the first projected areas of each overlapping building as the street-side building volume of the city street.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The continuity of the building facades and the building volume along the streets of each city are determined through the following steps: A buffer zone with a width of the fifth threshold is drawn from the center line segment of the city street to both sides of the city street to obtain the overlapping part of the buildings on both sides of the city street and the buffer zone. The second projection length of the edge of each overlapping building in the overlapping part that is closest to the city street on the center line segment of the road is calculated. The ratio of the sum of the second projected lengths of each overlapping building to the length of the city street is calculated as the continuity of the building interface on the corresponding side of the city street. The average of the continuity of the building interface on both sides of the city street is taken as the continuity of the building interface on the city street. Calculate the product of the second projected length of each overlapping building in the overlapping part and the height of each overlapping building, and use it as the second projected area on the vertical plane of the building facade of each overlapping building to the center line segment of the road. Use the average of the second projected areas of each overlapping building as the street-side building volume of the city street.

11. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The length of the first step is between 1 meter and 5 meters.

12. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that, The fifth threshold is the maximum distance from the center line of the city street to the sides of the city street where the building facades can be perceived. The value of the fifth threshold is between 20 meters and 50 meters.

13. An apparatus for analyzing the spatial perception of urban streets, the apparatus comprising a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, characterized in that, The processor is configured to, when running the program, perform a method for analyzing the spatial perception of urban streets as described in any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program, characterized in that, When the program is run by the processor, the processor performs a method for analyzing the spatial perception of urban streets according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

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