Antennas and electronic devices

Abstract

Embodiments of this application provide an antenna and an electronic device. The antenna includes a first antenna element, comprising a first radiating stub having a first feed terminal and a second radiating stub having a second feed terminal; a first feed section coupled to the first feed terminal and the second feed terminal of the first antenna element; a second antenna element, comprising a third radiating stub having a third feed terminal and a fourth radiating stub having a fourth feed terminal; a second feed section coupled to the third feed terminal and the fourth feed terminal of the second antenna element; and a coupling stub coupled to the first antenna element via the first feed terminal and the second feed terminal, and coupled to the second antenna element via the third feed terminal. By providing the coupling stub, the antenna according to the embodiments of this application can achieve effective isolation between the first antenna element and the second antenna element. Simultaneously, both the first antenna element and the second antenna element can achieve essentially full coverage of the horizontal plane, improving various antenna performance characteristics without affecting the antenna's coverage rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of this application primarily relate to the field of antennas. More specifically, the embodiments of this application relate to an antenna and an electronic device including the antenna. Background Technology

[0002] An antenna is a device used to transmit or receive radio waves; broadly speaking, it is an electronic component that transmits electromagnetic waves. Antennas are used in systems such as broadcasting and television, point-to-point radio communications, radar, and space exploration. Physically speaking, an antenna is a combination of one or more conductors that can radiate an electromagnetic field due to an applied time-varying voltage or current, or it can be placed in an electromagnetic field, whereby a time-varying current is induced within the antenna due to the field, resulting in a time-varying voltage at its terminals.

[0003] With the development of mobile systems, multi-band, multi-antenna systems have become an important trend in mobile communication. However, small antenna elements are prone to strong mutual coupling, distorting the performance of the array antenna. For example, Multi-input Multi-output (MIMO) technology, as a major technology for improving system channel capacity and enhancing spectrum resource utilization, has greatly expanded the potential for data transmission rate increases and is currently a research hotspot in the field of wireless communication. As an indispensable terminal component of a wireless system, the performance of the antenna determines the overall system performance. With the continuous miniaturization of wireless systems, the distance between multiple antennas in MIMO systems is constantly decreasing, and the mutual coupling between antenna elements is constantly increasing, causing a sharp decline in multi-antenna performance and severely weakening the advantages of MIMO systems. Improving the isolation between multiple antennas while maintaining the miniaturization of the antenna system size is a research hotspot in the antenna field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to improve antenna isolation while achieving basic full coverage of the horizontal plane, embodiments of this application provide an antenna and related electronic equipment.

[0005] In a first aspect of this application, an antenna is provided. The antenna includes a first antenna element comprising a first radiating stub having a first feed terminal and a second radiating stub having a second feed terminal, the first feed portion being coupled to the first feed terminal and the second feed terminal of the first antenna element; a second antenna element comprising a third radiating stub having a third feed terminal and a fourth radiating stub having a fourth feed terminal, the second feed portion being coupled to the third feed terminal and the fourth feed terminal of the second antenna element; and a coupling stub coupled to the first antenna element via the first feed terminal and the second feed terminal, and coupled to the second antenna element via the third feed terminal.

[0006] By setting coupling stubs, the antenna according to the embodiments of this application can achieve effective isolation between the first antenna element and the second antenna element. Simultaneously, both the first and second antenna elements can achieve near-complete horizontal coverage, improving various antenna performance aspects without affecting the antenna's coverage rate.

[0007] In one implementation, the coupling stub includes a first stub and a second stub, the first stub being electrically connected between the first radiating stub and the third radiating stub, and the second stub being electrically connected between the second radiating stub and the third radiating stub. This arrangement allows the antenna to achieve effective decoupling of the first and second antenna elements in a simple manner without affecting horizontal coverage.

[0008] In one implementation, the first and second branches of the coupling stub are electrically connected to different ends of the third radiating stub. This improves the distribution of induced current on the antenna, thereby promoting impedance matching and optimizing antenna performance.

[0009] In one implementation, the first feed terminal of the first radiating stub and the second feed terminal of the second radiating stub are spaced apart to form a first gap, and the third feed terminal of the third radiating stub and the fourth feed terminal of the fourth radiating stub are spaced apart to form a second gap. In this way, the first antenna element and the second antenna element can be fed in a simple and effective manner through the first feed section and the second feed section.

[0010] In one implementation, the first antenna element and the second antenna element are collinear and spaced apart, and the coupling stub is located on the same side of the first radiating stub and the second radiating stub. The antenna structure formed in this manner is more compact, further facilitating the miniaturization of electronic devices.

[0011] In one implementation, the first antenna element and the second antenna element are parallel and spaced apart, and the coupling stub is at least partially arranged in the spaced region between the first antenna element and the second antenna element. This approach allows for more flexible antenna arrangement to meet different needs in various situations.

[0012] In one implementation, the width of the first radiating stub, the second radiating stub, the third radiating stub, or the fourth radiating stub is greater than the width of the coupling stub. This facilitates impedance matching of the antenna, thereby optimizing antenna performance.

[0013] In one implementation, the ratio of the width of the first radiating stub, or the width of the second radiating stub, or the width of the third radiating stub, or the width of the fourth radiating stub to the width of the coupling stub is within the range of 4:1 to 1:1. In this way, the widths of the radiating and coupling stubs can be rationally set according to the antenna's operating frequency band, thereby optimizing the antenna performance.

[0014] In one implementation, at least one of the first radiating stub, the second radiating stub, the third radiating stub, and the coupling stub is strip-shaped and has locally widened and / or locally narrowed portions at predetermined locations. In this manner, the locally widened and / or locally narrowed portions at predetermined locations can be configured through operations such as simulation to achieve optimal impedance matching.

[0015] In one implementation, at least one of the first radiating stub, the second radiating stub, the third radiating stub, and the coupling stub includes at least one locally widened portion, which corresponds to the point of minimum induced current on the corresponding stub. The locally widened portion is equivalent to introducing capacitive loading into the antenna, which is more conducive to impedance matching of the antenna system, thereby further improving the antenna performance.

[0016] In one implementation, at least one of the first radiating stub, the second radiating stub, the third radiating stub, and the coupling stub includes at least one local narrowing portion, which corresponds to the point of maximum induced current on the corresponding stub. The local narrowing portion is equivalent to introducing an inductive load into the antenna, which is more conducive to impedance matching of the antenna system, thereby further improving the antenna performance.

[0017] In one implementation, the antenna is locally widened at at least one of the following locations: the connection between the coupling stub and the first antenna element, the connection between the coupling stub and the second antenna element, and the bend in the coupling stub. This arrangement helps optimize the current distribution on each stub, thereby improving antenna performance.

[0018] In one implementation, the coupling stub is coplanar with both the first and second antenna elements. This arrangement facilitates antenna manufacturing and provides comprehensive horizontal coverage.

[0019] In one implementation, the first antenna element and the second antenna element are dipole antenna elements. This arrangement provides a simple way to implement an antenna.

[0020] In one implementation, the first antenna element and the second antenna element operate in the same frequency band. This allows the antenna to achieve full horizontal coverage of the operating frequency band.

[0021] According to a second aspect of this application, an electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a housing; a circuit board disposed within the housing; and an antenna according to the first aspect described above, the antenna being at least partially disposed inside the housing, and a first feed portion and a second feed portion of the antenna being disposed on the circuit board. By using the antenna mentioned in the first aspect, the electronic device can achieve effective horizontal coverage of its operating frequency band, thereby improving the performance of the electronic device.

[0022] In some implementations, the circuit board and the first and second antenna elements of the antenna are separated, and the first and second antenna elements are coupled to the first and second feed sections via coaxial cables. This arrangement is more conducive to improving the performance of electronic devices and makes the electronic devices easier to manufacture.

[0023] In one implementation, the electronic device further includes a dielectric substrate for carrying the first antenna element, the second antenna element, and the coupling stub. This arrangement provides a simple way to implement the antenna. In one implementation, the first antenna element, the second antenna element, and the coupling stub are printed on the dielectric substrate. This arrangement makes the antenna easier to manufacture. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The above and other features, advantages, and aspects of the embodiments of this application will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements, wherein:

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic exploded view of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0026] Figure 2 A top view schematic diagram of an antenna in which the antenna elements according to an embodiment of this application are arranged in a series is shown;

[0027] Figure 3 The S11 frequency curve of an antenna element arranged in series according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0028] Figure 4 The radiation pattern of an antenna in which the antenna elements are arranged in a series, according to an embodiment of this application, is shown.

[0029] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of antenna efficiency is shown for an antenna element arranged in series according to an embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure 6A top view schematic diagram of an antenna in which the antenna elements according to an embodiment of this application are arranged in parallel is shown;

[0031] Figure 7 The S11 frequency curve of an antenna in which the antenna elements are arranged in parallel according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0032] Figure 8 The radiation pattern of an antenna in which the antenna elements according to an embodiment of this application are arranged in parallel is shown;

[0033] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of antenna efficiency is shown for an antenna element arranged in parallel according to an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 10 A top view schematic diagram of an antenna in which the antenna elements according to an embodiment of this application are arranged in a series is shown;

[0035] Figure 11 A top view schematic diagram of an antenna in which the antenna elements according to an embodiment of this application are arranged in parallel is shown; and

[0036] Figures 12 to 15 The diagram shows the direction of induced current and the equivalent antenna under different antenna arrangements and feeding conditions. Detailed Implementation

[0037] Embodiments of this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While some embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this application can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of this application. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of this application are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0038] In the description of embodiments of this application, the term "comprising" and similar terms should be understood as open-ended inclusion, i.e., "including but not limited to". The term "based on" should be understood as "at least partially based on". The term "one embodiment" or "the embodiment" should be understood as "at least one embodiment". The terms "first", "second", etc., may refer to different or the same objects. Other explicit and implicit definitions may also be included below.

[0039] It should be understood that in this application, "connection" and "connected" can both refer to a mechanical connection or a physical connection. That is, A and B being connected or connected can mean that there are fastened components (such as screws, bolts, rivets, etc.) between A and B, or that A and B are in contact with each other and are difficult to separate.

[0040] It should be understood that in this application, "coupling" can be interpreted as direct coupling and / or indirect coupling. Direct coupling can also be called "electrical connection," which is understood as components physically contacting and conducting electricity; it can also be understood as the form in which different components in a circuit structure are connected through physical lines that can transmit electrical signals, such as copper foil or wires on a printed circuit board (PCB). "Indirect coupling" can be understood as two conductors conducting electricity in a way that is airtight or non-contact. In one embodiment, indirect coupling can also be called capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by forming an equivalent capacitance through coupling between the gaps between two conductive parts.

[0041] Connection: The process of making two or more components conduct or connect through the above-mentioned "electrical connection" or "indirect coupling" to transmit signals / energy can be called connection.

[0042] Radiator: In an antenna, this is the device used to receive / transmit electromagnetic wave radiation. In some cases, the term "antenna" is narrowly defined as a radiator, which converts guided wave energy from the transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into guided wave energy, for radiating and receiving radio waves. The modulated high-frequency current energy (or guided wave energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiator via a feed line, where it is converted into electromagnetic wave energy of a specific polarization and radiated in the desired direction. The receiving radiator converts electromagnetic wave energy of a specific polarization from a specific direction in space back into modulated high-frequency current energy, which is then transmitted to the receiver input via a feed line.

[0043] A radiator can be a conductor with a specific shape and size, such as a wire antenna. A wire antenna is an antenna composed of one or more metal wires with a diameter much smaller than the wavelength and a length comparable to the wavelength. It is mainly used in the long, medium, short, and ultra-short wave bands as a transmitting or receiving antenna. The main types of wire antennas include dipole antennas, half-wave dipole antennas, cage antennas, monopole antennas, whip antennas, tower antennas, spherical antennas, magnetic antennas, V-shaped antennas, rhombus antennas, fishbone antennas, Yagi antennas, log-periodic antennas, and antenna arrays. For dipole antennas, each dipole antenna typically includes two radiating stubs, each of which is fed from the feed end of the radiating stub by a feed unit.

[0044] The radiator can also be a slot or gap formed in a conductor. For example, an antenna formed by slotting a section in the surface of a conductor is called a slotted antenna or a slotted antenna. A typical slot shape is elongated, with a length of about half a wavelength. The slot can be fed by a transmission line bridging its narrow side, or by a waveguide or resonant cavity. In this case, a radio frequency electromagnetic field is excited on the slot, radiating electromagnetic waves into space.

[0045] A feed line, also called a transmission line, is the connection line between the antenna's transceiver and the radiator. The system that connects the antenna's radiator and transceiver is called a feed system. Feed lines are further classified according to frequency, such as wire transmission lines, coaxial transmission lines, waveguides, or microstrip lines. The feed point is the connection point on the radiator where it connects to the feed line.

[0046] Ground / Plug: This can broadly refer to at least a portion of any grounding layer, ground plane, or grounding metal layer within an electronic device, or at least a portion of any combination of the aforementioned grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding components. "Ground / Plug" can be used for grounding components within an electronic device. In one embodiment, "Ground / Plug" can be the grounding layer of a circuit board in an electronic device, or a grounding metal layer formed by a ground plane formed within the frame of the electronic device or a metal film formed beneath the screen. In one embodiment, the circuit board can be a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12-14-layer board having 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or components separated and electrically insulated by dielectric or insulating layers such as fiberglass or polymers. In one embodiment, the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a ground layer, and a trace layer, with the trace layer and ground layer electrically connected via vias. In one embodiment, components such as displays, touchscreens, input buttons, transmitters, processors, memory, batteries, charging circuits, and system-on-chip (SoC) architectures can be mounted on or connected to a circuit board; or electrically connected to trace layers and / or ground layers in the circuit board. For example, a radio frequency source is disposed on a trace layer.

[0047] Any of the aforementioned grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding metal layers are made of conductive materials. In one embodiment, the conductive material may be any of the following: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil on an insulating substrate and tin-plated copper, graphite-impregnated cloth, graphite-coated substrates, copper-plated substrates, brass-plated substrates, and aluminum-plated substrates. Those skilled in the art will understand that grounding layers / ground planes / grounding metal layers may also be made of other conductive materials.

[0048] Resonant frequency: The resonant frequency is also called the resonance frequency. It refers to the frequency at which the imaginary part of the antenna's input impedance is zero. The resonant frequency can have a range, that is, the range of frequencies where resonance occurs. The frequency corresponding to the strongest resonance is the center frequency – the point frequency. The return loss characteristic at the center frequency can be less than -20dB.

[0049] Operating Frequency Band: Regardless of the type of antenna, it always operates within a certain frequency range (bandwidth). For example, an antenna supporting the B40 band operates within the frequency range of 2300MHz to 2400MHz, or in other words, its operating frequency band includes the B40 band. The frequency range that meets the specifications can be considered the antenna's operating frequency band. The width of the operating frequency band is called the operating bandwidth. The operating bandwidth of an omnidirectional antenna may reach 3-5% of the center frequency. The operating bandwidth of a directional antenna may reach 5-10% of the center frequency. Bandwidth can be considered as a frequency range on both sides of the center frequency (e.g., the resonant frequency of a dipole), where the antenna characteristics are within the acceptable range of the center frequency.

[0050] Impedance and Impedance Matching: Antenna impedance generally refers to the ratio of voltage to current at the antenna input. Antenna impedance is a measure of the resistance of the antenna to electrical signals. Generally, the input impedance of an antenna is a complex number; the real part is called the input resistance, denoted by Ri; the imaginary part is called the input reactance, denoted by Xi. Antennas with an electrical length much smaller than the operating wavelength have very large input reactances; for example, short dipole antennas have large capacitive reactances, and small-loop antennas have large inductive reactances. The input impedance of a very thin half-wave dipole is approximately 73.1 + j42.5 ohms. In practical applications, for ease of matching, it is generally desirable for the input reactance of a symmetrical dipole to be zero; the length of the dipole in this case is called the resonant length. The length of a resonant half-wave dipole is slightly shorter than half a wavelength in free space; in engineering, it is generally estimated to be shortened by 5%. The input impedance of an antenna is related to factors such as the antenna's geometry, size, feed point location, operating wavelength, and surrounding environment. When the diameter of a wire antenna is relatively large, the input impedance changes more gradually with frequency, and the antenna's impedance bandwidth is wider.

[0051] The primary purpose of studying antenna impedance is to achieve matching between the antenna and the feed line. To match the transmitting antenna to the feed line, the antenna's input impedance should equal the feed line's characteristic impedance. To match the receiving antenna to the receiver, the antenna's input impedance should equal the complex conjugate of the load impedance. Receivers typically have real impedances. When the antenna impedance is complex, a matching network is needed to eliminate the antenna's reactance and equalize its resistive components.

[0052] When the antenna and feed line are matched, the power transmitted from the transmitter to the antenna or from the antenna to the receiver is at its maximum. At this point, no reflected waves appear on the feed line, the reflection coefficient is zero, and the standing wave ratio (VSWR) is 1. The quality of the antenna-feed line matching is measured by the reflection coefficient or VSWR at the antenna input. For a transmitting antenna, poor matching will reduce the antenna's radiated power, increase losses on the feed line, decrease the feed line's power capacity, and in severe cases, cause transmitter frequency "pulling," i.e., a change in the oscillation frequency.

[0053] Antenna pattern: also known as radiation pattern. It refers to the graph showing how the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the antenna's radiated field changes with direction at a certain distance from the antenna. It is usually represented by two mutually perpendicular planar patterns passing through the direction of maximum radiation of the antenna.

[0054] Antenna radiation patterns typically have multiple radiating beams. The beam with the highest radiating intensity is called the main lobe, and the remaining beams are called side lobes. Among the side lobes, the side lobe in the opposite direction to the main lobe is also called the back lobe.

[0055] Antenna gain: Characterizes the degree to which an antenna concentrates the radiated input power. Generally, the narrower the main lobe and the smaller the side lobes of the antenna pattern, the higher the antenna gain.

[0056] Antenna system efficiency: refers to the ratio of the power radiated into space by the antenna (i.e., the power effectively converted into electromagnetic waves) to the antenna's input power. System efficiency is the actual efficiency after considering antenna port matching; that is, the antenna's system efficiency is the antenna's actual efficiency (i.e., efficiency).

[0057] Antenna radiation efficiency refers to the ratio of the power radiated by the antenna into space (i.e., the power effectively converted into electromagnetic waves) to the active power input to the antenna. The active power input to the antenna equals the antenna's input power minus the power loss. Power loss mainly includes return loss power, ohmic loss power of the metal, and / or dielectric loss power. Radiation efficiency is a measure of an antenna's radiation capability; metal loss and dielectric loss are both factors affecting radiation efficiency.

[0058] Those skilled in the art will understand that efficiency is generally expressed as a percentage, and there is a corresponding conversion relationship between it and dB. The closer the efficiency is to 0dB, the better the efficiency of the antenna.

[0059] dB: This stands for decibel, a logarithmic concept with base 10. Decibels are only used to evaluate the proportional relationship between two physical quantities; they themselves have no physical dimensions. For every 10-fold increase in the ratio between two quantities, their difference can be expressed as 10 dB. For example: A = 100, B = 10, C = 5, D = 1, then A / D = 20 dB; B / D = 10 dB; C / D = 7 dB; B / C = 3 dB. That is, a 10 dB difference between two quantities is a 10-fold difference, a 20 dB difference is a 100-fold difference, and so on. A 3 dB difference is a 2-fold difference between the two quantities.

[0060] dBi: Usually mentioned together with dBd. dBi and dBd are units of power gain, both relative values, but with different reference points. The reference point for dBi is an omnidirectional antenna; the reference point for dBd is a dipole. Generally, dBi and dBd are considered to represent the same gain, but the value expressed in dBi is 2.15 dBi larger than that expressed in dBd. For example, for an antenna with a gain of 16 dBd, its gain converted to dBi is 18.15 dBi, generally ignoring the decimal places, hence 18 dBi.

[0061] Antenna return loss: This can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port after passing through the antenna circuit to the transmit power at the antenna port. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the higher the antenna's radiation efficiency. Conversely, the larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the lower the antenna's radiation efficiency.

[0062] Antenna return loss can be represented by the S11 parameter, which is one of the S-parameters. S11 represents the reflection coefficient, and this parameter characterizes the antenna's transmission efficiency. The S11 parameter is usually negative. The smaller the S11 parameter, the smaller the antenna return loss, the less energy the antenna reflects back, which means more energy actually enters the antenna, and the higher the antenna's system efficiency. Conversely, the larger the S11 parameter, the greater the antenna return loss, and the lower the antenna's system efficiency.

[0063] It should be noted that in engineering, an S11 value of -6dB is generally used as the standard. When the S11 value of an antenna is less than -6dB, the antenna can be considered to be working normally, or the antenna can be considered to have good transmission efficiency.

[0064] Antenna isolation refers to the ratio of the signal received by one antenna through another to the signal received by the transmitting antenna. Isolation is a physical quantity used to measure the degree of mutual coupling between antennas. Assuming two antennas form a two-port network, the isolation between the two antennas is represented by their S21 and S12 values. Antenna isolation can be expressed using the S21 and S12 parameters. These parameters are typically negative. Smaller S21 and S12 values ​​indicate greater isolation and less mutual coupling between the antennas; larger S21 and S12 values ​​indicate less isolation and greater mutual coupling. Antenna isolation depends on factors such as the antenna radiation pattern, the spatial distance between the antennas, and the antenna gain.

[0065] Electrical length: Electrical length can be expressed as the ratio of physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) multiplied by the time it takes for an electrical or electromagnetic signal to travel in a medium to the time required for that signal to travel a distance in free space equal to the physical length of the medium. Electrical length can be expressed by the following formula:

[0066] ;

[0067] Where L is the physical length, a is the transmission time of the electrical or electromagnetic signal in the medium, and b is the transmission time in free space.

[0068] Alternatively, electrical length can also refer to the ratio of physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave, and electrical length can satisfy the following formula:

[0069] ;

[0070] Where L is the physical length and λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0071] In one embodiment, the physical length of the radiator can be understood as the electrical length of the radiator ±10%.

[0072] In the embodiments of this application, the wavelength in a certain wavelength mode of the antenna (such as half-wavelength mode, etc.) can refer to the wavelength of the signal radiated by the antenna. For example, the half-wavelength mode of a suspended metal antenna can generate resonance in the 1.575 GHz frequency band, where the wavelength in the half-wavelength mode refers to the wavelength of the signal radiated by the antenna in the 1.575 GHz frequency band. It should be understood that the wavelength of the radiated signal in air can be calculated as follows: wavelength = speed of light / frequency, where the frequency is the frequency of the radiated signal. The wavelength of the radiated signal in a medium can be calculated as follows: wavelength = (speed of light / frequency) ) / frequency, where Ԑ is the relative permittivity of the medium, and the frequency is the frequency of the radiated signal. The gaps and grooves in the above embodiments can be filled with an insulating medium.

[0073] In this application's embodiments, the wavelength can refer to the operating wavelength, which may be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency or the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming the center frequency of the B1 uplink band (resonant frequency of 1920 MHz to 1980 MHz) is 1955 MHz, then the operating wavelength can be the wavelength calculated using this frequency of 1955 MHz. Not limited to the center frequency, "operating wavelength" can also refer to the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency or a non-center frequency of the operating frequency band.

[0074] The current distribution in the same direction / opposite direction mentioned in the embodiments of this application should be understood as the main current on the same side of the conductor being in the same direction / opposite direction. For example, when a current is distributed in the same direction on a ring-shaped conductor (e.g., the current path is also ring-shaped), it should be understood that although the main currents induced on the conductors on both sides of the ring-shaped conductor (e.g., the conductors surrounding a gap, on the conductors on both sides of the gap) are opposite in direction, they still fall under the definition of current distribution in the same direction in this application.

[0075] In the embodiments of this application, the term "end" in "feeding end" and "one end" should not be narrowly interpreted as necessarily a single point. It can also be considered as a segment of the antenna radiator including the first endpoint, where the first endpoint is the endpoint of the first end on the antenna radiator. For example, the feeding end of the antenna radiator can be considered as a segment of the radiator within a range of one-eighth of a first wavelength from the first endpoint. Here, the first wavelength can be the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the antenna structure, the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band, or the wavelength corresponding to the resonant point.

[0076] Collinearity, also called coaxiality, refers to the fact that the linear or strip-shaped radiating stubs of an antenna element extend substantially along the same straight line. In one embodiment, collinearity can mean that the edges of two radiating stubs on the same side extend along the same straight line. In one embodiment, collinearity can mean that the centerlines of two radiating stubs in the width direction extend along the same straight line. In one embodiment, collinearity can mean that the projections of two radiating stubs in their extension directions at least partially overlap. The embodiments of this application will be described below primarily using the example of collinearity where the edges of two radiating stubs on the same side extend along the same straight line; other cases are similar and will not be described in detail below.

[0077] In this application, "coplanar" refers to the fact that the various segments of the antenna element are substantially in the same plane. For example, the antenna element can be mounted on a surface of a PCB board by means of printing or other methods.

[0078] In this application, "serial" refers to two antenna elements arranged collinearly and spaced apart. The opposite concept is "parallel," which refers to two antenna elements arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart. The limitations mentioned above, such as collinearity, coaxiality, coplanarity, and parallelism, are relative to current technological capabilities and not absolute mathematical definitions. For example, there may be a deviation of less than a predetermined threshold (e.g., 0.1 mm) between the edges of two collinear radiating stubs or antenna elements in the linewidth direction. There may be an angular deviation of ±5° between two parallel antenna elements. As long as the deviations are within the above ranges, they can be considered collinear or parallel.

[0079] The technical solutions provided in this application are applicable to electronic devices employing one or more of the following communication technologies: Bluetooth (BT) communication technology, Global Positioning System (GPS) communication technology, Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) communication technology, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) communication technology, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) communication technology, Long Term Evolution (LTE) communication technology, 5G communication technology, and other future communication technologies. The electronic devices in the embodiments of this application may include devices that directly interface with the operator's network, including but not limited to: Customer Premise Equipment (CPE), telephones, wireless routers, firewalls, computers, optical modems, and 4G-to-WiFi wireless routers. The electronic devices in the embodiments of this application may also include mobile phones, tablets, laptops, smart home devices, smart bracelets, smartwatches, smart helmets, and smart glasses. Electronic devices can also be handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, vehicle-mounted devices, electronic devices in 5G networks, or electronic devices in future evolved public land mobile networks (PLMNs), etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited to these.

[0080] In simple terms, a CPE device acts as a signal repeater. When a Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) router spreads its network signal, it typically has a limited range. When it encounters obstacles like walls, the signal weakens further. A signal repeater can then relay the Wi-Fi signal, extending the coverage area.

[0081] In our daily lives, we often see products with similar functions, such as "Wi-Fi signal amplifiers." However, the unique feature of a CPE (Customer Premises Equipment) is that it not only relays Wi-Fi signals but also, through its built-in Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) card, relays 4G or 5G network signals emitted by carrier base stations, converting these signals into Wi-Fi signals for other devices to connect to. CPE devices typically support multiple mobile terminals simultaneously and are widely applicable in homes, hospitals, factories, shopping malls, offices, and other locations. Compared to wired networks, their application scenarios are more flexible, and network deployment is more convenient.

[0082] Electronic devices such as CPE Figure 1 As shown, the electronic device 200 typically includes a housing 203, a cover 201, a circuit board 202, and an antenna 100. The housing 203 and cover 201 can be assembled together to form an internal space for accommodating the circuit board 202 and the antenna 100. The circuit board 202 refers to a carrier for supporting processing circuitry (such as transceivers) of the electronic device 200 and the antenna. The antenna 100 and the circuit board 202 can be separately arranged, with the antenna 100 generally positioned adjacent to the inner side of the housing 203. The antenna 100 is connected to the antenna's processing circuitry via transmission lines such as coaxial cables or microstrip lines to feed the antenna elements of the antenna 100.

[0083] Of course, it should be understood that Figure 1 The structure and arrangement of the electronic device shown are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Other suitable structures or arrangements of electronic devices are possible where applicable. For example, in some embodiments, the antenna 100 may be integrated onto the circuit board 202 or configured as part of the frame of the housing 203. Furthermore, in one embodiment, the antenna 100 may be in the form of a flexible printed circuit (FPC) based antenna, a laser-direct-structuring (LDS) based antenna, or a microstrip disk antenna (MDA). In one embodiment, the antenna may also be a transparent structure embedded inside the screen of the electronic device, making the antenna a transparent antenna unit embedded inside the screen of the electronic device. The following will primarily focus on... Figure 1 The structure shown is used as an example to describe the electronic device 200 according to an embodiment of this application. It should be understood that other electronic devices 200 are similar. They will not be described in detail below.

[0084] With the development of communication technology, Multi-input Multi-output (MIMO) technology has been widely used in terminal products. The number of antennas in electronic devices such as CPE devices is increasing. How to lay out multiple antennas in a limited space and ensure the isolation between antennas has become a key problem that must be solved.

[0085] In one embodiment, isolation can be improved by using a blocking method. The blocking method involves placing barriers in the electromagnetic coupling path to block electromagnetic coupling. For example, a parabolic antenna with a skirt is used to interrupt microwave communication. A parabolic antenna with a skirt can be called a high-performance antenna, with a front-to-back ratio that is nearly 15 dB better than a standard antenna.

[0086] In one embodiment, orthogonal polarization can be used to improve isolation. Orthogonal polarization means that the two antennas use mutually orthogonal polarizations. For a duplex antenna, the transmitting and receiving antennas use two orthogonal linear polarizations or two orthogonal circular polarizations respectively to increase their isolation effect. For a dipole antenna, a parasitic stub is placed between the two parallel dipoles to decouple them and improve isolation. In this way, the isolation within the frequency band (2.4GHz~2.5GHz) can reach more than -10dB. In this embodiment, the intermediate parasitic stub and the dipoles are arranged in a three-dimensional layout, thereby increasing the size of the antenna.

[0087] In one embodiment, decoupling can be achieved between antennas using a decoupling network. This decoupling network typically employs lumped elements. A lumped element is a collective term for all elements whose size is much smaller than the wavelength relative to the circuit's operating frequency. For a signal, the element's characteristics remain constant regardless of frequency. Conversely, if the element's size is similar to or larger than the wavelength relative to the circuit's operating frequency, the characteristics of each point within the element will vary depending on the signal. In this case, the element cannot be considered a single entity with fixed characteristics and should be called a distributed element. This embodiment achieves better isolation but increases the antenna size, and the use of lumped elements increases the antenna cost.

[0088] In one embodiment, for two serially arranged dipole antennas, another way to improve isolation is to partially bend the dipoles so that a portion of them is parallel to each other, thereby decoupling by utilizing the reverse cancellation of the coupling currents in the serial and parallel portions. This scheme can also be considered a variation of the cross-placed dipole antenna based on vector superposition. This embodiment achieves higher isolation while increasing the antenna width.

[0089] As can be seen from the brief description of the embodiments for improving isolation above, the above solutions all basically rely on decoupling in the width direction, which increases the antenna size. Alternatively, they use high-cost electronic components such as lumped elements, increasing the cost of the antenna.

[0090] This application also provides an antenna that can effectively improve the isolation between two antenna elements without significantly increasing antenna size and cost. The decoupling effect is particularly significant for antennas such as those in CPE devices, where the antenna elements are omnidirectional antennas whose radiation direction is primarily in the horizontal plane.

[0091] The following will combine Figures 2 to 5 This document describes an exemplary embodiment of the antenna 100 in this application. Figure 2 An exemplary structure of antenna 100 is shown. Figure 2 As shown, the antenna 100 according to the embodiments of this application generally includes two antenna elements, namely, a first antenna element 101 and a second antenna element 102. In some embodiments, the first antenna element 101 and the second antenna element 102 may be coplanar. This can be achieved by printing the first antenna element 101 and the second antenna element 102 on a dielectric substrate 106. The dielectric substrate 106 may be a printed circuit board (PCB). In some embodiments, the first antenna element 101 and the second antenna element 102 may be disposed on the top surface of the dielectric substrate 106 by printing. For the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 106, a clearance-free, non-copper-clad configuration can be adopted, and the clearance setting of the antenna can ensure the radiation performance of the antenna.

[0092] Of course, it should be understood that the above-described embodiment in which the first antenna unit 101 and the second antenna unit 102 are disposed on the PCB board by printing is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any other suitable method is also possible. For example, in some alternative embodiments, the dielectric substrate 106 may also be a polyester film or polyimide substrate used to form a flexible circuit board. The first antenna unit 101 and the second antenna unit 102 may be formed on the polyester film or polyimide substrate by means of pattern transfer or etching.

[0093] Both antenna elements are fed by feed sections. In the following description, for ease of description, the feed section used to feed the first antenna element 101 is referred to as the first feed section 1014, and the feed section used to feed the second antenna element 102 is referred to as the second feed section 1024. In one embodiment, the first antenna element 101 and the second antenna element 102 may employ a dipole antenna structure. It should be understood that the use of a dipole antenna structure is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. Any other suitable antenna 100 having the structure mentioned in the following description is also possible. This document will primarily describe embodiments of this application using an example of a dipole antenna 100 where both antenna elements are dipoles; other types of antennas 100 with similar structures are similar and will not be described in detail below.

[0094] Each of the two antenna elements includes two radiating stubs. Specifically, the first antenna element 101 includes a first radiating stub 1011 and a second radiating stub 1012. In one embodiment, the first radiating stub 1011 and the second radiating stub 1012 are substantially collinear or coaxial. Both the first radiating stub 1011 and the second radiating stub 1012 include feed terminals, referred to as the first feed terminal 1013 and the second feed terminal 1015, respectively. The first feed section 1014 feeds the first radiating stub 1011 and the second radiating stub 1012 via the first feed terminal 1013 and the second feed terminal 1015.

[0095] Similarly, the second antenna unit 102 includes a third radiating branch 1021 and a fourth radiating branch 1022. In one embodiment, the third radiating branch 1021 and the fourth radiating branch 1022 also employ a substantially collinear or coaxial structure. Both the third radiating branch 1021 and the fourth radiating branch 1022 include feed terminals, referred to as the third feed terminal 1023 and the fourth feed terminal, respectively. The second feed section 1024 feeds the third radiating branch 1021 and the fourth radiating branch 1022 via the third feed terminal 1023 and the fourth feed terminal.

[0096] Figure 2 The figure shows that the feed ends of the two antenna elements are located at the relatively close ends of the radiating stubs. It should be understood that this is merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application. Other suitable feeding methods are also possible. For example, in some alternative embodiments, the feed ends may also be arranged at the relatively distant ends or either end of the radiating stubs. The inventive concept of this application will be described below primarily using the example shown in the figure. It should be understood that other arrangements are similar and will not be described in detail below.

[0097] The first antenna element 101 and the second antenna element 102 may include the same operating frequency band. For example, in one embodiment, the first antenna element 101 and the second antenna element 102 may both operate in the 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz frequency band, achieving high isolation. In an alternative embodiment, the first antenna element 101 and the second antenna element 102 may operate in close frequency bands. For example, the first antenna element 101 operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency band, while the second antenna element 102 operates in the 2.5 GHz frequency band. Furthermore, the antenna according to embodiments of this disclosure can operate as a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system antenna. That is, the exemplary embodiments described in this disclosure are also applicable to cases where the antenna is used as a MIMO antenna.

[0098] The antenna 100 in this embodiment further includes a coupling stub 103. The coupling stub 103 may refer to a stub coupled between two antenna elements to achieve a predetermined function such as decoupling. Figure 2 An exemplary embodiment is shown in which the coupling stub 103 is disposed between two antenna elements arranged in a series. Figure 2 As shown, the coupling stub 103 is coupled to the first antenna element 101 via the first feed terminal 1013 and the second feed terminal 1015, for example, to the first radiating stub 1011 and the second radiating stub 1012, respectively. The coupling stub 103 is coupled to the second radiating element via the third feed terminal 1023, for example, to the third radiating stub 1021 only.

[0099] To achieve the above connection method, in one embodiment, the coupling branch 103 may include two branches (hereinafter referred to as the first branch 1031 and the second branch 1032, respectively). The first branch 1031 is electrically connected between the first radiating branch 1011 and the third radiating branch 1021. The second branch 1032 is electrically connected between the second radiating branch 1012 and the third radiating branch 1021, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown. To achieve electrical connection and impedance matching of the antenna system (including radiating stubs and feed networks, etc.), in one embodiment, the first stub 1031 and / or the second stub 1032 may include a bend and a locally widened portion 104 and / or a locally narrowed portion 105. In addition, at least one of the first radiating stubs 1011, the second radiating stub 1012, and the third radiating stub 1021, and its connection to the coupling stub 103, may have a locally widened portion 104 and / or a locally loaded portion to achieve impedance matching of the antenna system. These will be further described below.

[0100] Figure 2The diagram also illustrates that when the coupling stub 103 is arranged in a series antenna 100, the first stub 1031 and the second stub 1032 can be located on the same side of the first radiating stub 1011 and the second radiating stub 1012. This arrangement is more advantageous for the manufacture and arrangement of the antenna 100 and for decoupling. In one embodiment, the first stub 1031 and the second stub 1032 can also be arranged on different sides of the first radiating stub 1011 and the second radiating stub 1012, respectively.

[0101] In some embodiments, the two feed ends of each radiating stub are spaced apart to form a slot. Specifically, the first feed end 1013 of the first radiating stub 1011 and the second feed end 1015 of the second radiating stub 1012 are spaced apart to form a first slot, and the third feed end 1023 of the third radiating stub 1021 and the fourth feed end of the fourth radiating stub 1022 are spaced apart to form a second slot. The first feed section 1014 and the second feed section 1024 are coupled to the first slot and the second slot, respectively, to feed the first antenna element 101 and the second antenna element 102. In this way, the first feed section 1014 and the second feed section 1024 can feed the first antenna element 101 and the second antenna element 102 in a simple and reliable manner.

[0102] At least one of the first radiating stub 1011, the second radiating stub 1012, the third radiating stub 1021, and the coupling stub 103 is configured as a strip, line, or band. Strip, line, or band refers to the fact that the linewidth or diameter of these stubs is much smaller than their extension length. The dimensions (including their respective lengths and widths) of each radiating stub and coupling stub 103 are correlated to some extent, taking into account factors such as impedance matching. For example, for each radiating stub of the antenna, its total length in the extension direction corresponds to the wavelength λ of the operating frequency band of the antenna 100. For example, the total length in the extension direction of the first radiating stub 1011 and the second radiating stub 1012 can be between 0.4λ and 0.5λ. For example, for an antenna operating in the 2.4GHz to 2.5GHz frequency band, the total length of the first radiating stub 1011 and the second radiating stub 1012 can be between 4.5cm and 6cm. Considering factors such as impedance matching, the lengths of the first radiating stub 1011 and the second radiating stub 1012 can be the same or different. In some embodiments, the ratio of the first radiating stub 1011 to the second radiating stub 1012 can be between 1:2.5 and 1:1. For example, for a serially arranged antenna operating in the 2.4GHz to 2.5GHz frequency band, the length of the first radiating stub 1011 can be set to 1.45cm, and the length of the second radiating stub 1012 can be set to 2.9cm. For a parallelly arranged antenna operating in the 2.4GHz to 2.5GHz frequency band, the length of the first radiating stub 1011 can be set to 2.05cm, and the length of the second radiating stub 1012 can be set to 2.65cm. The total length of the second antenna element 102 is similar.

[0103] Compared to an antenna without coupling stub 103, the lengths of the first stub 1031 and the second stub 1032 of coupling stub 103 are set such that the path of the induced current on the antenna is increased by approximately one wavelength. For example, for a series-arranged antenna operating in the 2.4GHz to 2.5GHz frequency band, the length of the first stub 1031 of coupling stub 103 can be between 4cm and 5cm, for example, 4.3cm, while the length of the second stub 1032 can be between 2cm and 2.5cm, for example, 2.2cm. For a parallel-arranged antenna operating in the 2.4GHz to 2.5GHz frequency band, the length of the first stub 1031 can be between 1cm and 1.8cm, for example, 1.4cm, while the length of the second stub 1032 can be between 2cm and 3cm, for example, 2.7cm.

[0104] The widths of the various radiating stubs and coupling stubs 103 primarily affect the impedance of the antenna 100. Appropriate stub widths can result in better S-parameters for the antenna. Considering factors such as impedance matching, in some embodiments, the width of each radiating stub can be greater than the width of the coupling stub 103. That is, the widths of the first radiating stub 1011, the second radiating stub 1012, the third radiating stub 1021, or the fourth radiating stub 1022 can be greater than the width of the coupling stub 103. For example, in some embodiments, the initial widths of the first radiating stub 1011, the second radiating stub 1012, the third radiating stub 1021, or the fourth radiating stub 1022 can be selected based on a wire with a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms. For example, in some embodiments, the initial linewidth of the aforementioned radiating stubs may only require 0.01 wavelengths or less, for example, ≤0.15 cm ± 10%. The initial linewidth of the coupling stub 103 can be selected according to the wire with a characteristic impedance of 70~75 ohms.

[0105] Considering factors such as operating frequency band and impedance matching, the ratio of the width of the first radiating stub 1011, the second radiating stub 1012, the third radiating stub 1021, or the fourth radiating stub 1022 to the width of the coupling stub 103 can be in the range of 4:1 to 1:1. Regarding the induced current on the antenna 100, besides the fact that the maximum and minimum currents (e.g., zero current) are distributed on each stub in a manner that is approximately 1 / 4 wavelength apart, the induced current distributed on these stubs is non-uniform due to the presence of bends in the coupling stub 103 and the connection points between the coupling stub 103 and the first radiating stub 1011, the second radiating stub 1012, and the third radiating stub 1021. In some embodiments, to achieve better impedance matching, the radiating stubs and / or coupling stubs 103 of the antenna 100 may include locally widened portions 104 and / or locally narrowed portions 105, which will be further explained below.

[0106] Of course, it should be understood that the above-described embodiments regarding the dimensions of the radiating stub and the coupling stub 103 are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. The radiating stub and the coupling stub 103 can have any other suitable dimensions or structures, provided that better impedance matching and antenna performance can be achieved.

[0107] The following will combine Figure 2The structure is described below to illustrate the two feed sections. By using the two feed sections to feed two antenna elements, it is explained how the antenna 100 according to the embodiments of this application achieves high isolation without affecting the horizontal radiation pattern. Specifically, when the first feed section 1014 feeds the first antenna element 101 via the first feed terminal 1013 and the second feed terminal 1015, the induced current flows through the first radiating stub 1011 and the second radiating stub 1012 and then into the coupling stub 103, and then through the coupling stub 103 into the third radiating stub 1021. In this case, the induced current is in the same direction on the first radiating stub 1011 and the second radiating stub 1012, and becomes reversed after passing through the first stub 1031 and the second stub 1032 of the coupling stub 103, thereby forming a return current on the third radiating stub 1021 and basically not flowing to the fourth radiating stub 1022. At this time, the antenna 100 operates in the first mode.

[0108] When the second feed section 1024 feeds the second antenna unit 102 via the third feed terminal 1023 and the fourth feed terminal, the induced current flows into the coupling branch 103 after passing through the third radiating branch 1021 and the fourth radiating branch 1022, and then flows into the first radiating branch 1011 and the second radiating branch 1012 respectively after passing through the coupling branch 103. At this time, the induced current is in the same direction in the third radiating branch 1021 and the fourth radiating branch 1022, and then flows in the opposite direction after passing through the coupling branch 103, so that it is in the opposite direction in the first radiating branch 1011 and the second radiating branch 1012. At this time, the antenna 100 operates in the second mode.

[0109] In other words, when the first feed section 1014 feeds the first antenna element 101, the antenna 100 operates in the first mode; when the second feed section 1024 feeds the second antenna element 102, the antenna 100 operates in the second mode. When the first feed section 1014 is feeding, the second antenna element 102 will not be excited by mutual coupling, thus preventing current from flowing into the second feed section 1024. This is because, as mentioned earlier, the current flowing to the third radiating stub 1021 will form a return current in the third radiating stub 1021 and the second stub 1032 of the coupling stub 103. When the second feed section 1024 is feeding, since the currents in the first radiating stub 1011 and the second radiating stub 1012 are opposite, no current will flow into the first feed section 1014.

[0110] It can be seen that by employing the coupling stub 103, the two antenna elements can be effectively isolated during operation (e.g., when the first feed section 1014 and the second feed section 1024 are fed, respectively). This is from... Figure 3As can be clearly seen from the antenna parameter diagram shown, the isolation between the two antenna elements of the antenna 100 arranged in a serial manner according to the embodiment of this application can reach more than -36dB, and can reach a maximum of -60dB, thus achieving a high degree of isolation.

[0111] Figure 4 The radiation pattern of antenna 100 according to an embodiment of this application is shown, where the XOZ plane is a horizontal plane, the left side is the radiation pattern of the second antenna element 102, and the right side is the radiation pattern of the first antenna element 101. Figure 4 As can be seen, unlike the isolation schemes mentioned above, the radiation patterns of the two antenna elements of the antenna 100 according to this embodiment can basically cover the horizontal plane. The maximum radiation direction of the first antenna element 101 is basically on the horizontal plane. Although there are lobes in the radiation pattern of the second antenna element 102, the horizontal gain can still reach -3dBi, thereby achieving good horizontal coverage.

[0112] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the antenna efficiency of an antenna 100 according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 5 It can be seen that both antenna elements have high efficiency and can meet the requirement that the imbalance between the two antenna elements is less than 3dB in actual use.

[0113] The above text combines Figures 2 to 5 This paper describes the improvement in decoupling performance and radiation pattern of antenna 100 by using coupling stub 103 when two antenna elements are arranged in a serial manner. Furthermore, when applied to antenna 100 with serially arranged antenna elements, the width W of the implemented antenna 100 is only 0.06λ (as mentioned earlier, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave operating on the center frequency of antenna 100), achieving high isolation and good horizontal coverage. Here, the width W of antenna 100 refers to the overall width of antenna 100, such as... Figure 2As shown. For example, for a frequency band with a resonant frequency of 1920 MHz to 1980 MHz, the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of 1955 MHz in this band is 15 cm. Therefore, the width of the antenna 100 using serially arranged antenna elements can be calculated to be 0.9 cm. In one embodiment, the width of the antenna 100 using serially arranged antenna elements is in the range of 0.05λ to 0.07λ, achieving both high isolation and good horizontal coverage. For example, for an operating frequency band with a wavelength of 15 cm, the width of the antenna 100 can be in the range of 0.7 cm to 1.1 cm. In other words, by employing the coupling stub 103 according to the embodiments of this application, the antenna 100 can be more compact while achieving high isolation and comprehensive horizontal coverage. The coupling stub 103 according to the embodiments of this application can also be applied to antenna structures where two antenna elements are arranged in parallel. Figure 6 An exemplary embodiment of the coupling stub 103 applied in this antenna structure is shown.

[0114] Similar to Figure 2 The connection method shown is also applied to the coupling stub 103 when used in parallel-arranged antenna elements. For example, the coupling stub 103 is coupled to the first antenna element 101 via the first feed terminal 1013 and the second feed terminal 1015, that is, coupled to the first radiating stub 1011 and the second radiating stub 1012 respectively. The coupling stub 103 is coupled to the second radiating element via the third feed terminal 1023. That is, the coupling stub 103 is only coupled to the third radiating stub 1021. To implement the above connection method, in one embodiment, the coupling stub 103 may include two stubs (hereinafter referred to as the first stub 1031 and the second stub 1032). The first stub 1031 is electrically connected between the first radiating stub 1011 and the third radiating stub 1021. The second stub 1032 is electrically connected between the second radiating stub 1012 and the third radiating stub 1021, as shown. Figure 6 As shown. That is, in some embodiments, the coupling stub 103 is arranged at least partially in the spaced region between the first antenna element 101 and the second antenna element 102.

[0115] When applied to parallel-arranged antenna elements, similar to its application to serially arranged antenna elements, the coupling stub 103 can achieve effective isolation without affecting horizontal coverage. Specifically, when the first feed section 1014 feeds the first antenna element 101 via the first feed terminal 1013 and the second feed terminal 1015, the induced current flows through the first radiating stub 1011 and the second radiating stub 1012 and then into the coupling stub 103, and then through the coupling stub 103 into the third radiating stub 1021. In this case, the induced current is in the same direction on the first radiating stub 1011 and the second radiating stub 1012, and becomes reversed after passing through the first stub 1031 and the second stub 1032 of the coupling stub 103, thus forming a return current on the third radiating stub 1021 without flowing to the fourth radiating stub 1022. At this time, the antenna 100 operates in the first mode.

[0116] When the second feed section 1024 feeds the second antenna unit 102 via the third feed terminal 1023 and the fourth feed terminal, the induced current flows into the coupling branch 103 after passing through the third radiating branch 1021 and the fourth radiating branch 1022, and then flows into the first radiating branch 1011 and the second radiating branch 1012 respectively after passing through the coupling branch 103. At this time, the induced current is in the same direction in the third radiating branch 1021 and the fourth radiating branch 1022, and then flows in the opposite direction after passing through the coupling branch 103, so that it is in the opposite direction in the first radiating branch 1011 and the second radiating branch 1012. At this time, the antenna 100 operates in the second mode.

[0117] In other words, when the first feed section 1014 feeds the first antenna element 101, the antenna 100 operates in the first mode; when the second feed section 1024 feeds the second antenna element 102, the antenna 100 operates in the second mode. When the first feed section 1014 is feeding, the second antenna element 102 will not be excited by mutual coupling, thus preventing current from flowing into the second feed section 1024. This is because, as mentioned earlier, the current flowing to the third radiating stub 1021 will form a return current in the third radiating stub 1021 and the second stub 1032 of the coupling stub 103. When the second feed section 1024 is feeding, since the currents in the first radiating stub 1011 and the second radiating stub 1012 are opposite, no current will flow into the first feed section 1014.

[0118] It can be seen that by employing the coupling stub 103, the two parallel antenna elements can also achieve effective isolation during operation (e.g., when fed by the first feed section 1014 and the second feed section 1024, respectively). This is evident from... Figure 7As can be clearly seen from the schematic diagram of antenna parameters shown, the isolation between the two antenna elements of the antenna 100 arranged in a serial manner according to the embodiment of this application can reach more than -17dB, and can reach a maximum of -55dB, thus achieving a high degree of isolation.

[0119] Figure 8 The radiation pattern of antenna 100, which employs antenna elements arranged in parallel, is shown, where the XOZ plane is horizontal. The left side shows the radiation pattern of the first antenna element 101, and the right side shows the radiation pattern of the second antenna element 102. Figure 8 As can be seen, unlike the isolation schemes mentioned above, the radiation patterns of the two antenna elements of the antenna according to the embodiments of this disclosure can basically achieve good coverage of the horizontal plane. Figure 9 A schematic diagram illustrating the antenna efficiency of an antenna 100 according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 9 It can be seen that both antenna elements have high efficiency and can meet the requirement that the imbalance between the two antenna elements is less than 3dB in actual use.

[0120] Return to Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the coupling stub 103 may be configured as at least a portion of the third radiating stub 1021. By such a structure in which the coupling stub 103 at least partially replaces the third radiating stub 1021, high isolation between the two antenna elements is achieved without affecting good horizontal coverage of the two antenna elements.

[0121] As can be seen from the above description of the antenna 100 with its antenna elements arranged in parallel or serial configuration, the coupling stub 103 primarily functions as a decoupling element. In some embodiments, the coupling stub 103 may only have current transmission capability and not radiation capability. In this way, the cost of the antenna 100 can be further reduced. Of course, it should be understood that, alternatively or additionally, the coupling stub 103 may also have other functions besides decoupling. For example, in some embodiments, at least a portion of the coupling stub 103 may also have radiation capability.

[0122] Furthermore, when the coupling stub 103 is applied to an antenna 100 in which the antenna elements are arranged in a parallel configuration, the width W of the antenna 100 implemented according to the embodiments of this application is only 0.16λ (as mentioned above, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave operating on the antenna 100 corresponding to the center frequency), thus achieving high isolation and good coverage of the horizontal plane. Here, the width W of the antenna 100 refers to the overall width of the antenna 100, such as... Figure 6As shown. For example, for a frequency band with a resonant frequency of 1920 MHz to 1980 MHz, the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of 1955 MHz in this band is 15 cm. Therefore, the width of the antenna 100 using parallel antenna elements can be calculated to be 2.4 cm. In one embodiment, the width of the antenna 100 using serially arranged antenna elements is in the range of 0.15λ to 0.17λ, achieving both high isolation and good horizontal coverage. For example, for a working frequency band with a wavelength of 15 cm, the width of the antenna 100 can be in the range of 2.2 cm to 2.6 cm. This achieves both high isolation and good horizontal coverage. In other words, by employing the coupling stub 103 according to the embodiments of this application, the antenna 100 using a parallel arrangement can be more compact, while simultaneously achieving high isolation and comprehensive horizontal coverage.

[0123] To achieve impedance matching between the antenna 100 and the feed network, etc., in some embodiments, at least one local widening portion 104 may be provided in at least one of the first radiating stub 1011, the second radiating stub 1012, the third radiating stub 1021, and the coupling stub 103, such as... Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown. Depending on the needs, the local widening portion 104 may be provided at at least one of the following locations: the point where the induced current is minimum (zero point), the connection portion between the coupling stub 103 and the antenna element, and the bend portion of the coupling stub 103. Figure 10 The diagram shows the arrangement of a locally widened portion 104 for an antenna 100 operating in the 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz frequency band, with two antenna elements arranged in series. Figure 11 The diagram shows the arrangement of a locally widened portion 104 for an antenna 100 operating in the 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz frequency band, with two antenna elements arranged in parallel.

[0124] pass Figure 10As can be seen, for the two antenna elements arranged in series, locally widened portions 104 are provided at the middle of the second stub 1032 (shown in an elliptical box, corresponding to the zero point of the induced current), at the connection between the second stub 1032 and the second radiating stub 1012 and the third radiating stub 1021, and at the connection between the first stub 1031 and the first radiating stub 1011 and the third radiating stub 1021. In this way, the locally widened portions 104 are equivalent to forming a capacitive load on the corresponding stub, which can further promote the impedance matching of the antenna system and adjust the distribution of the induced current on each stub, thereby adjusting the resonance of the antenna 100 and improving the various performance characteristics of the antenna 100. An appropriate stub width can enable the antenna 100 to obtain optimal S-parameters. The stub width, the position and size of the locally widened portions 104, etc., can all be optimized through simulation.

[0125] By providing a local widening portion 104, for some antenna structures, the first stub 1031 and the second stub 1032 in the coupling stub 103 can be considered as being electrically connected to different ends of the third radiating stub 1021, respectively. Figure 10 As shown. The different ends here are relative to the extension direction of the third radial branch 1021. The different ends include the third coupling end 1023 and the end of the third radial branch 1021 that is opposite to the third coupling portion 1023 in the extension direction.

[0126] Similarly, for two antenna elements arranged in parallel, local widening portions 104 can be provided at locations such as the second stub 1032, the connection between the second stub 1032 and the second radiating stub 1012 and the third radiating stub 1021, and the connection between the first stub 1031 and the first radiating stub 1011, thereby forming capacitive loading at these locations to promote impedance matching and improve various performance characteristics of the antenna 100. Furthermore, in some embodiments, alternatively or additionally, at least one local narrowing portion 105 can be provided in at least one of the first radiating stub 1011, the second radiating stub 1012, the third radiating stub 1021, and the coupling stub 103, such as... Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown. Depending on the needs, the local narrowing portion 105 can be positioned at locations such as where the induced current is at its maximum. Figure 10 The diagram shows the arrangement of a partial narrowing portion 105 for an antenna 100 operating in the 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz frequency band, with two antenna elements arranged in series. Figure 11 The diagram shows the arrangement of a partial narrowing portion 105 for an antenna 100 operating in the 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz frequency band, with two antenna elements arranged in parallel.

[0127] like Figure 11As shown, by providing a local narrowing portion 105 in the portion of the third radiating stub 1021 adjacent to the second feed portion 1024, the portion of the second stub 1032 of the coupling stub 103 that extends in the same direction as the third radiating stub 1021 after being bent can also be considered as part of the third radiating stub 1021. That is to say, in some antenna structures, the coupling stub 103 can also be considered as constituting at least a part of the third radiating stub 1021.

[0128] In addition, through Figure 10 It can be seen that for two antenna elements arranged in series, a local narrowing portion 105 is provided at the position near the feed end of the first radiating stub 1011 and the second radiating stub 1012 (corresponding to the position where the induced current is maximum). In this way, the local narrowing portion 105 is equivalent to forming an inductive load on the corresponding stub. Similar to the function of the local widening portion 104, the local narrowing portion 105 can further promote the impedance matching of the antenna system and adjust the distribution of the induced current on each stub, thereby adjusting the resonance of the antenna 100 and improving the various performance characteristics of the antenna 100. Similarly, for two antenna elements arranged in parallel, the local narrowing portion 105 can also be provided at some required positions to form an inductive load at these positions to promote impedance matching and improve the various performance characteristics of the antenna 100. According to the embodiments of this disclosure, the antenna 100 can promote impedance matching by reasonably setting the local widening portion 104 and the local narrowing portion 105, thereby improving the isolation between antenna elements. The following will be combined with Figures 12 to 15 To describe how the above effect is achieved.

[0129] Specifically, Figure 12 The diagram shows the direction of the induced current in the antenna 100 when the antenna elements are arranged in a series and the first antenna element is fed by the first feed section 1014 (top diagram) and the equivalent antenna diagram (bottom diagram). Figure 12 In the diagram, dashed arrows are used to indicate the direction of the induced current on each radiating stub and coupling stub 103, and the equivalent antenna schematic diagram is obtained from the simulation. In the equivalent antenna schematic diagram, points AD correspond to points AD in the induced current direction schematic diagram (above figure), the hollow circle corresponds to the point where the induced current is at its maximum, and the intersecting circle corresponds to the point where the induced current is at its minimum.

[0130] from Figure 12As can be seen, by locally widening the third radiating stub 1021, the first stub 1031 and the second stub 1032 of the coupling stub 103 can be considered as being electrically connected to different ends of the third radiating stub 1021, respectively. In this way, when the first feed section 1014 feeds the first antenna element, the induced current, after passing through the first stub 1031 and the second stub 1032, will form a return current at the third radiating stub 1021, thus preventing it from flowing into the second feed section 1024 and consequently not affecting the feeding of the second feed section 1024.

[0131] Figure 13 The diagram shows the direction of the induced current in the antenna 100 when the antenna elements are arranged in a series configuration and the second feed section 1024 feeds the second antenna element (top diagram) and an equivalent antenna diagram (bottom diagram). Similarly, in Figure 13 In the diagram, dashed arrows indicate the direction of the induced current on each radiating stub and coupling stub 103, and the equivalent antenna schematic is obtained from the simulation. In the equivalent antenna schematic, the five points AE correspond to the four points AE in the induced current direction schematic (above figure), the hollow circle corresponds to the maximum induced current, and the intersecting circle corresponds to the minimum induced current.

[0132] from Figure 13 As can be seen, by locally widening the third radiating stub 1021, when the second feed section 1024 feeds the second antenna element, the induced current, after passing through the locally widened third radiating stub 1021, the first stub 1031, and the second stub 1032, will form a reverse current in the first radiating stub 1011 and the second radiating stub 1012, thus preventing it from flowing into the first feed section 1014 and consequently not affecting the feeding of the first feed section 1014. In this way, high isolation between the two antenna elements is achieved.

[0133] Specifically, Figure 14 The diagram shows the direction of the induced current in the antenna 100 when the antenna elements are arranged in parallel and the first antenna element is fed by the first feed section 1014 (top diagram) and the equivalent antenna diagram (bottom diagram). Figure 14 In the diagram, dashed arrows are used to indicate the direction of the induced current on each radiating stub and coupling stub 103, and the equivalent antenna schematic diagram is obtained from the simulation. In the equivalent antenna schematic diagram, points AD correspond to points AD in the induced current direction schematic diagram (above figure), the hollow circle corresponds to the point where the induced current is at its maximum, and the intersecting circle corresponds to the point where the induced current is at its minimum.

[0134] from Figure 14It can be seen that by locally narrowing the third radiating stub 1021, the portion of the second stub 1032 that extends in the same direction as the third radiating stub 1021 after being bent can also be considered as part of the third radiating stub 1021. In this way, when the first feed section 1014 feeds the first antenna element, the induced current, after passing through the first stub 1031 and the second stub 1032, will form a return current at the third radiating stub 1021, thus preventing it from flowing into the second feed section 1024 and consequently not affecting the feeding of the second feed section 1024.

[0135] Figure 15 The diagram shows the direction of the induced current in the antenna 100 when the antenna elements are arranged in parallel and the second feed section 1024 feeds the second antenna element (top diagram) and the equivalent antenna diagram (bottom diagram). Similarly, in Figure 15 In the diagram, dashed arrows indicate the direction of the induced current on each radiating stub and coupling stub 103, and the equivalent antenna schematic is obtained from the simulation. In the equivalent antenna schematic, the five points AE correspond to the four points AE in the induced current direction schematic (above figure), the hollow circle corresponds to the maximum induced current, and the intersecting circle corresponds to the minimum induced current.

[0136] from Figure 15 As can be seen, by setting up local widening and local narrowing sections, when the second feed section 1024 feeds the second antenna element, the induced current, after passing through the third radiating stub 1021, the first stub 1031, and the second stub 1032, will form a reverse current in the first radiating stub 1011 and the second radiating stub 1012, thus preventing it from flowing into the first feed section 1014 and consequently not affecting the feeding of the second feed section 1024. In this way, high isolation between the two antenna elements is achieved.

[0137] The above text combines Figures 10 to 15 The following describes how, at a specific operating frequency, local widening portions 104 and local narrowing portions 105 are provided at predetermined locations in each branch of the antenna 100 (including radiating branches and coupling branches 103) to further improve impedance matching. It should be understood that this embodiment is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Depending on the operating frequency, other suitable arrangements of the branches in the antenna 100 are possible for factors such as impedance matching. For example, in some embodiments, alternatively or additionally, the coupling branch 103 may also be formed with a serrated or zigzag shape.

[0138] As can be seen from the above exemplary description, compared with the several isolation improvement schemes mentioned above, the antenna 100 according to the embodiments of this application has a more compact size, achieves better decoupling effect, and results in higher isolation between antenna elements. Furthermore, the antenna 100 according to the embodiments of this application can achieve good full coverage of the horizontal plane, making the coverage range of the antenna 100 wider.

[0139] Although the subject matter has been described using language specific to structural features and / or methodological logic, it should be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or actions described above. Rather, the specific features and actions described above are merely illustrative examples of implementing the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna (100), comprising: The first antenna element (101) includes a first radiating stub (1011) having a first feed terminal (1013) and a second radiating stub (1012) having a second feed terminal (1015). The first feed section (1014) is coupled to the first feed terminal (1013) and the second feed terminal (1015) of the first antenna element (101). The second antenna element (102) includes a third radiating stub (1021) having a third feed terminal (1023) and a fourth radiating stub (1022) having a fourth feed terminal. The second feed section (1024) is coupled to the third feed terminal (1023) and the fourth feed terminal of the second antenna unit (102); as well as The coupling stub (103) is coupled to the first antenna element (101) via the first feed terminal (1013) and the second feed terminal (1015), and coupled to the second antenna element (102) via the third feed terminal (1023).

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the coupling stub (103) includes a first stub (1031) and a second stub (1032), the first stub (1031) being electrically connected between the first radiating stub (1011) and the third radiating stub (1021), and the second stub (1032) being electrically connected between the second radiating stub (1012) and the third radiating stub (1021).

3. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein the first stub (1031) and the second stub (1032) of the coupling stub (103) are electrically connected to different ends of the third radiating stub (1021).

4. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the first feed terminal (1013) of the first radiating stub (1011) and the second feed terminal (1015) of the second radiating stub (1012) are spaced apart to form a first gap, and the third feed terminal (1023) of the third radiating stub (1021) and the fourth feed terminal of the fourth radiating stub (1022) are spaced apart to form a second gap.

5. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the first antenna element (101) and the second antenna element (102) are collinear and spaced apart, and the coupling stub (103) is located on the same side of the first radiating stub (1011) and the second radiating stub (1012).

6. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the first antenna element (101) and the second antenna element (102) are parallel and spaced apart, and the coupling stub (103) is arranged at least partially in the spaced region between the first antenna element (101) and the second antenna element (102).

7. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the width of the first radiating stub (1011), the second radiating stub (1012), the third radiating stub (1021) or the fourth radiating stub (1022) is greater than the width of the coupling stub (103).

8. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the ratio of the width of the first radiating stub (1011), or the width of the second radiating stub (1012), or the width of the third radiating stub (1021), or the width of the fourth radiating stub (1022) to the width of the coupling stub (103) is in the range of 4:1 to 1:

1.

9. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein at least one of the first radiating stub (1011), the second radiating stub (1012), the third radiating stub (1021), and the coupling stub (103) is strip-shaped and has a locally widened portion and / or a locally narrowed portion at a predetermined position.

10. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein at least one of the first radiating stub (1011), the second radiating stub (1012), the third radiating stub (1021), and the coupling stub (103) includes at least one local widening (104) corresponding to the point of minimum induced current on the corresponding stub.

11. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein at least one of the first radiating stub (1011), the second radiating stub (1012), the third radiating stub (1021), and the coupling stub (103) includes at least one local narrowing portion (105) corresponding to the point of maximum induced current on the corresponding stub.

12. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the antenna is locally widened at at least one of the following locations: the connection between the coupling stub (103) and the first antenna element (101), the connection between the coupling stub (103) and the second antenna element (102), and the bend of the coupling stub (103).

13. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the coupling stub (103) is coplanar with the first antenna element (101) and the second antenna element (102).

14. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the first antenna element (101) and the second antenna element (102) are dipole antenna elements.

15. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the first antenna element (101) and the second antenna element (102) comprise the same operating frequency band.

16. An electronic device comprising: case; Circuit board, arranged in the housing According to any one of claims 1-14, the antenna (100) is at least partially arranged inside the housing, and the first feed section (1014) and the second feed section (1024) of the antenna (100) are disposed on the circuit board.

17. The electronic device according to claim 16, wherein the circuit board and the first antenna unit (101) and the second antenna unit (102) of the antenna (100) are separated, and the first antenna unit (101) and the second antenna unit (102) are coupled to the first feed section (1014) and the second feed section (1024) via coaxial cables.

18. The electronic device according to claim 16 or 17, further comprising: The dielectric substrate (106) is used to carry the first antenna unit (101), the second antenna unit (102) and the coupling stub (103).

19. The electronic device according to claim 18, wherein the first antenna unit (101), the second antenna unit (102) and the coupling stub (103) are printed on the dielectric substrate (106).

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