Display device and its driving method

Abstract

This disclosure provides a display device and a driving method thereof. The display device includes: a display panel, the display panel including a display area and a non-display area having an optical area and a normal area; a first optoelectronic device configured to overlap with the optical area and generate user information; and a display controller configured to acquire information about viewing angles on the display panel that allow for viewing in an acceptable manner based on the user information, and to adjust the ratio between red, green, and blue in the image displayed in the optical area within the image displayed in the display area based on the viewing angle information.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to electronic devices, and more specifically, to display devices and methods of driving the display device. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of the information society, the demand for display devices for displaying images has increased. In order to meet this demand, various types of display devices have been developed and utilized, such as liquid crystal display (LCD) devices and electroluminescent display (ELD) devices.

[0003] ELD devices can include quantum dot light-emitting display devices containing quantum dots (QDs), inorganic light-emitting display devices, and organic light-emitting display devices.

[0004] Among these display devices, ELD devices have the characteristics of short response time, wide viewing angle, and excellent color gamut. In addition, ELD devices have the advantage of being able to be implemented in thin packages or structures.

[0005] Furthermore, because ELD devices display images by emitting light through a driving current, the amount of driving current is small, or the driving current does not flow at low grayscale or black-grayscale levels. Therefore, ELD devices have advantages such as high contrast at low brightness and excellent image quality.

[0006] The inventors have developed a technique for setting or placing one or more optical electronic devices such as cameras and sensors in a display device without reducing the display area of ​​the display panel of the display device. Summary of the Invention

[0007] One or more embodiments of this disclosure may provide a display device for reducing or preventing image quality degradation and a method for driving the display device.

[0008] One or more embodiments of this disclosure may provide a display device and a method for driving the display device, the display device being able to reduce the non-display area of ​​the display panel, and by placing optical electronic devices such as cameras and sensors below or in the lower part of the display area of ​​the display panel so that the optical electronic devices are not exposed in the front surface of the display panel.

[0009] One or more embodiments of this disclosure may provide a display device and a method for driving the display device, the display device having a light transmission structure in which an optical electronic device located below the display area of ​​the display panel has the ability to normally receive or detect light.

[0010] One or more embodiments of this disclosure may provide a display device and a method for driving the display device, the display device being able to perform display driving normally in a display area included in a display panel and in an optical area overlapping with an optoelectronic device.

[0011] According to an aspect of this disclosure, a display device is provided, comprising: a display panel including a display area having an optical area and a normal area, and a non-display area; a first optoelectronic device configured to overlap with the optical area and generate user information; and a display controller configured to acquire information about a viewing angle from which an image on the display panel can be viewed in an acceptable manner in response to the user information generated by the first optoelectronic device, and to adjust the ratio between red, green, and blue in the image displayed in the optical area of ​​the image displayed in the display area based on the viewing angle information.

[0012] According to an aspect of this disclosure, a method for driving a display device is provided, the display device including a display panel, the display panel including: a display area including an optical area and a normal area; and a non-display area, the method comprising the steps of: generating user information using image information provided by a first optoelectronic device configured to overlap with the optical area; generating information about a viewing angle for viewing an image on the display panel in an acceptable manner based on the user information; and adjusting the ratio between red, green, and blue in the image displayed in the optical area by adjusting the brightness of pixels present in the optical area of ​​the display panel based on the viewing angle information when the image is displayed on the display panel.

[0013] One or more embodiments of this disclosure may provide a display device capable of minimizing image quality degradation, and a method for driving the display device.

[0014] One or more embodiments of this disclosure may provide a display device and a method for driving the display device, the display device being able to reduce the non-display area of ​​the display panel, and by placing optical electronic devices such as cameras and sensors below or in the lower part of the display area of ​​the display panel so that the optical electronic devices are not exposed in the front surface of the display panel.

[0015] One or more embodiments of this disclosure may provide a display device and a method for driving the display device, the display device having a light transmission structure in which an optical electronic device located below the display area of ​​the display panel has the ability to normally receive or detect light.

[0016] One or more embodiments of this disclosure may provide a display device and a method for driving the display device, the display device being able to perform display driving normally in a display area included in a display panel and in an optical area overlapping with an optoelectronic device. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of this disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure. They illustrate aspects of this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure. In the drawings:

[0018] Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1C This is a plan view illustrating an example display device according to aspects of this disclosure;

[0019] Figure 2 An example system configuration of a display device according to aspects of this disclosure is shown;

[0020] Figure 3 An example equivalent circuit for a pixel in a display panel according to an aspect of this disclosure is shown;

[0021] Figure 4 An example arrangement of pixels in three regions of a display area of ​​a display panel, according to aspects of this disclosure, is shown;

[0022] Figure 5A An example arrangement of signal lines in each of the first optical region and the general region of a display panel according to aspects of this disclosure is shown;

[0023] Figure 5B An example arrangement of signal lines in each of the second optical region and the general region of a display panel according to aspects of this disclosure is shown;

[0024] Figure 6 and Figure 7 This is an example cross-sectional view of each of the first optical region, the second optical region, and the general region in the display area of ​​a display panel, according to aspects of this disclosure;

[0025] Figure 8 This is an example cross-sectional view of the edge of a display panel according to aspects of this disclosure;

[0026] Figure 9A and Figure 9B This is an example conceptual diagram illustrating the color coordinates of an image viewed from different viewing angles in a display device according to aspects of this disclosure;

[0027] Figure 10 An example display controller employed in a display device according to aspects of this disclosure is shown;

[0028] Figure 11 Another example of a display controller according to aspects of this disclosure is shown;

[0029] Figure 12 An example method is shown for adjusting the ratio between red, green and blue in an image in a display controller of a display device according to aspects of this disclosure;

[0030] Figure 13A and Figure 13B Example techniques are shown that, according to aspects of this disclosure, allow for viewing angles in a display device that enable the image to be viewed in an acceptable manner; and

[0031] Figure 14 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for driving a display device according to aspects of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0032] Implementations of this disclosure will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

[0033] In the following description, the structures, implementations, methods, and operations described herein are not limited to one or more specific examples set forth herein, and may be varied as is known in the art, unless otherwise stated. Unless otherwise stated, the same reference numerals always denote the same elements. The names of the various elements used in the following description are chosen only for ease of writing and may therefore differ from those used in actual products. The advantages and features of this disclosure and its implementation methods will be illustrated by the following exemplary embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure may be implemented in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments presented herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments are provided to make this disclosure sufficiently thorough and complete to assist those skilled in the art in fully understanding its scope. Furthermore, the scope of protection of this disclosure is defined by the claims and their equivalents. In the following description, detailed descriptions of relevant known functions or configurations may be omitted where such detailed descriptions may unnecessarily obscure aspects of this disclosure. The shapes, sizes, ratios, angles, quantities, etc., shown in the drawings to describe various exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are given by way of example only. Therefore, this disclosure is not limited to the illustrations in the drawings. When using terms such as “containing,” “having,” “including,” “comprising,” “forming,” “composed of,” “formed by,” etc., one or more additional elements may be added unless a term such as “only” is used. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, elements described in the singular are intended to include multiple elements, and vice versa.

[0034] Although the terms “first,” “second,” A, B, (a), (b), etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be construed as being limited by these terms, as they are not used to define a particular order or priority. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. For example, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element.

[0035] For expressions describing a component or layer as "connected," "joined," or "adhered" to another component or layer, the component or layer may be directly connected, joined, or adhered to the other component or layer, or indirectly connected, joined, or adhered to the other component or layer, with one or more intermediate components or layers "set" or "inserted" between the components or layers, unless otherwise specified. For expressions describing a component or layer as "in contact," "overlapping," etc., with another component or layer, unless otherwise specified, the component or layer may be in direct contact, overlap, etc., with indirect contact, overlap, etc., with one or more intermediate components or layers "set" or "inserted" between the components or layers.

[0036] When describing positional relationships, such as using terms like "on," "above," "below," "over," "below," "next to," or "near," to describe the positional relationship between two parts, one or more other parts may be located between the two parts unless more restrictive terms such as "immediately," "directly," or "adjacent" are used. For example, if one element or layer is positioned "on" another element or layer, a third element or layer may be inserted between them. Furthermore, the terms "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "down," "up," "above," and "below" refer to any frame of reference.

[0037] When describing temporal relationships, if the time sequence is described as such as "after", "following", "next" or "before", it may include discontinuous cases unless more restrictive terms such as "just", "immediately" or "directly" are used.

[0038] When interpreting a component, the component is to be interpreted as including a range of errors or tolerances, even if no explicit description of such a range of errors or tolerances is provided. Furthermore, the term "may" fully encompasses all the meanings of the term "able to".

[0039] The term “at least one” should be understood to include any or all combinations of one or more of the related listed items. For example, “at least one of the first element, the second element, and the third element” means a combination of all three listed elements, a combination of any two of the three elements, and each individual element—the first element, the second element, and the third element.

[0040] The expressions "first element," "second element," and " / or" "third element" should be understood as one of the first element, the second element, and the third element, or any or all combinations of the first element, the second element, and the third element. For example, A, B, and / or C may refer to A only, B only, or C only; refer to any or some combination of A, B, and C; or refer to all of A, B, and C.

[0041] Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1C This is a plan view illustrating an example display device according to aspects of this disclosure.

[0042] Reference Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1C The display device 100 according to aspects of this disclosure may include a display panel 110 for displaying images and one or more optical electronic devices (11, 12). Here, the optical electronic device may be referred to as a light detector, light receiver, or light sensing device. The optical electronic device may include one or more of a camera, camera lens, sensor, sensor for detecting images, etc.

[0043] The display panel 110 may include a display area DA for displaying images and a non-display area NDA for not displaying images.

[0044] Multiple pixels can be arranged in the display area DA, and several types of signal lines for driving the multiple pixels can be arranged in the display area DA.

[0045] The non-display area NDA can refer to the area outside the display area DA. Several types of signal lines can be provided in the non-display area NDA, and several types of drive circuits can be connected to it. At least a portion of the non-display area NDA can be bent so that it is not visible from the front of the display panel, or it can be covered by the housing (not shown) of the display panel 110 or the display device 100. The non-display area NDA can also be referred to as a bezel or bezel area.

[0046] Reference Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1CIn the display device 100 according to aspects of the present disclosure, one or more optical electronic devices (11, 12) may be located below or in the lower part of the display panel 110 (on the side opposite to the viewing surface of the display panel 110).

[0047] Light can enter the front surface (viewing surface) of the display panel 110, pass through the display panel 110, and reach one or more optical electronic devices (11, 12) located below or at the bottom of the display panel 110 (on the side opposite to the viewing surface).

[0048] One or more optical electronic devices (11, 12) can receive or detect light transmitted through the display panel 110 and perform a predetermined function based on the received light. For example, one or more optical electronic devices (11, 12) may include one or more of the following: an image capturing device such as a camera (image sensor); or a sensor such as a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, etc.

[0049] Reference Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1C In the display panel 110 according to aspects of this disclosure, the display area DA may include one or more optical areas (OA1, OA2) and a general area NA. Here, the term "general area" NA is an area that does not overlap with one or more optoelectronic devices (11, 12) when present in the display area DA, and may also be referred to as a non-optical area.

[0050] Reference Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1C One or more optical regions (OA1, OA2) may be one or more regions that overlap with one or more optoelectronic devices (11, 12).

[0051] according to Figure 1A For example, the display area DA may include a first optical area OA1 and a normal area NA. In this example, at least a portion of the first optical area OA1 may overlap with the first optoelectronic device 11.

[0052] according to Figure 1B For example, the display area DA may include an optical area OA and a normal area NA. For instance, the optical area OA may include a first optical area OA1 and a second optical area OA2. The normal area NA may exist between the first optical area OA1 and the second optical area OA2. In this example, at least a portion of the first optical area OA1 may overlap with the first optoelectronic device 11, and at least a portion of the second optical area OA2 may overlap with the second optoelectronic device 12.

[0053] according to Figure 1C For example, the display area DA may include a first optical area OA1, a second optical area OA2, and a normal area NA. Figure 1C In this example, the ordinary region NA may not exist between the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2. For example, the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 may be in contact with each other (e.g., in direct contact with each other). In this example, at least a portion of the first optical region OA1 may overlap with the first optoelectronic device 11, and at least a portion of the second optical region OA2 may overlap with the second optoelectronic device 12.

[0054] In some implementations, both image display structures and light transmission structures need to be formed in one or more optical regions (OA1, OA2). For example, since one or more optical regions (OA1, OA2) are part of the display area DA, sub-pixels for displaying images need to be disposed in one or more optical regions (OA1, OA2). Furthermore, in order for light to be able to pass through one or more optoelectronic devices (11, 12), light transmission structures are required, and therefore light transmission structures are formed in one or more optical regions (OA1, OA2).

[0055] Even if one or more optical electronic devices (11, 12) are required to receive or detect light, the one or more optical electronic devices (11, 12) may be located on the back of the display panel 110 (e.g., on the opposite side of the viewing surface). In this embodiment, one or more optical electronic devices (11, 12) are located, for example, below or in the lower part of the display panel 110 and are configured to receive light that has passed through the display panel 110.

[0056] For example, one or more optical electronic devices 11, 12 are not exposed on the front surface (viewing surface) of the display panel 110. Therefore, when a user faces the front surface of the display device 100, one or more optical electronic devices (11, 12) are positioned such that they are invisible to the user.

[0057] In one embodiment, the first optical electronic device 11 may be a camera, and the second optical electronic device 12 may be a sensor such as a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an infrared sensor, etc. For example, the camera may be a camera lens, an image sensor, or a unit that includes at least one of a camera lens and an image sensor. The sensor may be, for example, an infrared sensor capable of detecting infrared light.

[0058] In another embodiment, the first optical electronic device 11 may be a sensor, and the second optical electronic device 12 may be a camera.

[0059] In the following discussion, for convenience, reference will be made to an embodiment in which the first optical electronic device 11 is a camera and the second optical electronic device 12 is a sensor. However, it should be understood that the scope of this disclosure includes embodiments in which the first optical electronic device 11 is a sensor and the second optical electronic device 12 is a camera. For example, a camera may be a camera lens, an image sensor, or a unit including at least one of a camera lens and an image sensor.

[0060] In an example where the first optical electronic device 11 is a camera, the camera may be located on the back of the display panel 110 (e.g., below or in the lower part of the display panel 110) and is a front camera capable of capturing objects or images in the forward direction of the display panel 110. Therefore, the user can capture images or objects that are not visible on the viewing surface while viewing the viewing surface of the display panel 110.

[0061] The first optical electronic device 11 can generate user information about a user viewing an image via a display device. The user information obtained by the first optical electronic device 11 can be, for example, an image obtained by capturing the user. The image obtained by capturing the user may include information about the user's face. The first optical electronic device 11 can obtain still images or video images obtained by continuously capturing images.

[0062] Despite Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1C Each of the regions included in the display area DA is a normal region NA and one or more optical regions (OA1, OA2) that can display an image. However, the normal region NA is a region that does not need to form a light transmission structure, while the one or more optical regions (OA1, OA2) are regions that need to form a light transmission structure. Therefore, in some embodiments, the normal region NA is a region in which a light transmission structure is not implemented or included, and the one or more optical regions (OA1, OA2) are regions in which a light transmission structure is implemented or included.

[0063] Therefore, one or more optical regions (OA1, OA2) may have a transmittance greater than or equal to a predetermined level (i.e., relatively high transmittance), and the ordinary region NA may have no transmittance or a transmittance less than a predetermined level (i.e., relatively low transmittance).

[0064] For example, one or more optical regions (OA1, OA2) may have different resolutions, subpixel arrangement structures, number of subpixels per unit area, electrode structures, line structures, electrode arrangement structures, line arrangement structures, etc., than ordinary regions NA.

[0065] In an implementation, the number of subpixels per unit area in one or more optical regions OA1, OA2 may be less than the number of subpixels per unit area in a normal region NA. For example, the resolution of one or more optical regions (OA1, OA2) may be lower than the resolution of the normal region NA. Here, the number of pixels per unit area can be used as a unit for measuring resolution, and can be measured using pixels per inch (PPI), which represents the number of pixels per inch.

[0066] In the implementation method, Figures 1A to 1C In each of these regions, the number of pixels per unit area in the first optical region OA1 can be less than the number of pixels per unit area in the ordinary region NA. In the implementation, in... Figure 1B and Figure 1C In each of the first optical regions, the number of pixels per unit area in the second optical region OA2 can be greater than or equal to the number of pixels per unit area in the first optical region OA1.

[0067] exist Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1C In each of these, the first optical region OA1 can have various shapes, such as circular, elliptical, quadrilateral, hexagonal, octagonal, etc. Figure 1B and Figure 1C In each of these regions, the second optical region OA2 can have various shapes, such as circular, elliptical, quadrilateral, hexagonal, octagonal, etc. The first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 can have the same shape or different shapes.

[0068] exist Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1C In each of the embodiments, as a method for increasing the transmittance of at least one of the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2, a technique (which may be referred to as a "pixel density differentiation design") can be applied such that the density or integration of pixels (or subpixels) can be differentiated as described above. According to the pixel density differentiation design, in one embodiment, the display panel 110 can be configured or designed such that the number of pixels (or subpixels) per unit area of ​​at least one of the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 is greater than the number of pixels (or subpixels) per unit area of ​​the ordinary region NA.

[0069] In another embodiment, as another method for increasing the transmittance of at least one of the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2, another technique (which may be referred to as a "pixel size differentiation design") can be applied, making it possible to distinguish the size of pixels (or subpixels). According to the pixel size differentiation design, the display panel 110 can be configured or designed such that the number of pixels (or subpixels) per unit area of ​​at least one of the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 is equal to or similar to the number of pixels (or subpixels) per unit area of ​​the ordinary region NA; however, the size of each pixel (or subpixel) in at least one of the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 (i.e., the size of the corresponding light-emitting area) is smaller than the size of each pixel (or subpixel) in the ordinary region NA (i.e., the size of the corresponding light-emitting area).

[0070] Reference Figure 1C In the example where the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 are in contact with each other, the entire optical region including the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 can also have various shapes, such as circles, ellipses, quadrilaterals, hexagons, octagons, etc.

[0071] In the following discussion, for ease of description, embodiments based on each of the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 having a circular shape will be provided. However, it should be understood that the scope of this disclosure includes embodiments in which one or both of the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 have a shape other than a circular shape.

[0072] In an example of a display device 100 according to an aspect of the present disclosure having a structure in which a first optical electronic device 11, such as a camera, is located below or in the lower part of the display panel 110 and is not exposed to the outside, such a display device 100 according to an aspect of the present disclosure may be referred to as a display that implements under-display camera (UDC) technology.

[0073] According to these examples, since it is not necessary to form a notch or camera hole in the display panel 110 for exposing the camera, the display device 100 according to aspects of this disclosure can have the advantage of preventing the size of the display area DA from decreasing.

[0074] Since it is not necessary to form a notch or camera hole in the display panel 110 for camera exposure, the display device 100 can have the further advantages of reducing the size of the bezel area and increasing design freedom, as this limitation on the design is eliminated.

[0075] Although one or more optoelectronic devices (11, 12) are located on the back of the display panel 110 of the display device 100 (e.g., below or in the lower part of the display panel 110) (e.g., hidden or not exposed to the outside), one or more optoelectronic devices (11, 12) are required to perform ordinary predefined functions and thus receive or detect light.

[0076] Furthermore, in the display device 100 according to aspects of this disclosure, although one or more optical electronic devices (11, 12) are located on the back side of the display panel 110 (e.g., below or in the lower part of the display panel 110) to be hidden and positioned to overlap with the display area DA, it is still necessary to normally perform image display in one or more optical areas (OA1, OA2) in the area DA that overlap with one or more optical electronic devices (11, 12). Therefore, in one or more examples, even if one or more optical electronic devices 11 and 12 are located on the back side of the display panel, the image can be displayed in a normal manner (e.g., without degrading image quality) in one or more optical areas OA1 and OA2 in the area DA that overlap with one or more optical electronic devices 11 and 12.

[0077] Figure 2 An example system configuration of a display device 100 according to aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0078] Reference Figure 2 The display device 100 may include a display panel 110 and a display driving circuit as components for displaying images.

[0079] The display driver circuit is a circuit used to drive the display panel 110, and may include a data driver circuit 220, a gating driver circuit 230, a display controller 240, and other components.

[0080] The display panel 110 may include a display area DA for displaying images and a non-display area NDA for not displaying images. The non-display area NDA may be an area outside the display area DA and may also be referred to as an edge area or border area. All or part of the non-display area NDA may be an area visible from the front surface of the display device 100, or an area that is curved and invisible from the front surface of the display device 100.

[0081] The display panel 110 may include a substrate SUB and a plurality of pixels SP disposed on the substrate SUB. The display panel 110 may also include various types of signal lines to drive the plurality of pixels SP. Each of the plurality of pixels SP may include, for example, a red sub-pixel emitting red light, a green sub-pixel emitting green light, and a blue sub-pixel emitting blue light. Furthermore, a pixel may represent a color corresponding to the brightness of the red, green, and blue sub-pixels. However, the implementation is not limited to this. For example, each of the plurality of pixels SP may also include a white sub-pixel. Sub-pixels of other colors are also possible.

[0082] In one embodiment, the display device 100 according to aspects of the present disclosure may be a liquid crystal display device. In another example, the display device 100 according to aspects of the present disclosure may be a self-emitting display device, wherein the pixels disposed in its display panel 110 emit light themselves. In the example where the display device 100 according to aspects of the present disclosure is a self-emitting display device, each of the plurality of pixels SP may include a light-emitting element.

[0083] In one embodiment, the display device 100 according to aspects of the present disclosure may be an organic light-emitting display device that uses organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) to realize the light-emitting elements. In another embodiment, the display device 100 according to aspects of the present disclosure may be an inorganic light-emitting display device, wherein light-emitting diodes based on inorganic materials are used to realize the light-emitting elements. In yet another embodiment, the display device 100 according to aspects of the present disclosure may be a quantum dot display device that uses quantum dots to realize the light-emitting elements, wherein quantum dots are self-emitting semiconductor crystals.

[0084] The structure of each of the plurality of pixels SP can vary depending on the type of display device 100. In an example where the display device 100 is a self-emitting display device including self-emitting pixels SP, each pixel SP may include a self-emitting light-emitting element, one or more transistors, and one or more capacitors.

[0085] The various types of signal lines provided in the display device 100 may include, for example, multiple data lines DL for carrying data signals (which may be referred to as data voltage or image signals), multiple gating lines GL for carrying gating signals (which may be referred to as scan signals), etc.

[0086] Multiple data lines (DL) and multiple gating lines (GL) can intersect each other. Each data line in the multiple data lines (DL) can extend in a first direction. Each gating line in the multiple gating lines (GL) can extend in a second direction.

[0087] For example, the first direction can be a column or a vertical direction, and the second direction can be a row or a horizontal direction. In another example, the first direction can be a row direction, and the second direction can be a column direction.

[0088] The data driver circuit 220 is used to drive multiple data lines DL and can provide data signals to the multiple data lines DL. The gating driver circuit 230 is used to drive multiple gating lines GL and can provide gating signals to the multiple gating lines GL.

[0089] The display controller 240 can be a device for controlling the data drive circuit 220 and the gating drive circuit 230, and can control the driving timing of multiple data lines DL and multiple gating lines GL.

[0090] The display controller 240 can provide a data drive control signal DCS to the data drive circuit 220 to control the data drive circuit 220, and provide a gating drive control signal GCS to the gating drive circuit 230 to control the gating drive circuit 230.

[0091] The display controller 240 can receive input image data from the host system 250 and provide image data Data to the data drive circuit 220 based on the input image data.

[0092] The data drive circuit 220 can provide data signals to multiple data lines DL according to the driving timing control of the display controller 240.

[0093] The data drive circuit 220 can receive digital image data Data from the display controller 240, convert the received image data Data into an analog data signal, and provide the obtained analog data signal to multiple data lines DL.

[0094] The gating drive circuit 230 can provide gating signals to multiple gating lines GL according to the timing control of the display controller 240. The gating drive circuit 230 can receive a first gating voltage corresponding to the on-level voltage and a second gating voltage corresponding to the off-level voltage together with various gating drive control signals GCS, generate gating signals, and provide the generated gating signals to the multiple gating lines GL.

[0095] In some implementations, the data drive circuit 220 may be connected to the display panel 110 in a tape auto-bonding (TAB) type, or to conductive pads such as bonding pads of the display panel 110 in a chip-on-glass (COG) type or chip-on-panel (COP) type, or to the display panel 110 in a chip-on-film (COF) type.

[0096] In some embodiments, the gate drive circuit 230 may be connected to the display panel 110 in a tape-on-board (TAB) type, or to conductive pads such as bonding pads on the display panel 110 in a chip-on-glass (COG) or chip-on-panel (COP) type, or to the display panel 110 in a chip-on-film (COF) type. In another embodiment, the gate drive circuit 230 may be disposed in the non-display area NDA of the display panel 110 in a gate-in-panel (GIP) type. The gate drive circuit 230 may be disposed on or above the substrate, or connected to the substrate. That is, in the case of the GIP type, the gate drive circuit 230 may be disposed in the non-display area NDA of the substrate. In the cases of chip-on-glass (COG), chip-on-film (COF), etc., the gate drive circuit 230 may be connected to the substrate.

[0097] In some embodiments, at least one of the data driving circuit 220 and the gating driving circuit 230 may be disposed in the display area DA of the display panel 110. For example, at least one of the data driving circuit 220 and the gating driving circuit 230 may be configured not to overlap with pixel SP, or may be configured to overlap with one or more or all of pixel SP.

[0098] The data driving circuit 220 may also be located in only one side or portion (e.g., the top edge or the bottom edge) of the display panel 110. In some embodiments, depending on the driving scheme, panel design, etc., the data driving circuit 220 may be located in at least two of the four sides or portions (e.g., the top edge and the bottom edge) of the display panel 110 or at least two of the four sides or portions (e.g., the top edge, the bottom edge, the left edge, and the right edge) of the display panel 110.

[0099] The gating drive circuit 230 may be located in only one side or portion of the display panel 110 (e.g., the left edge or the right edge). In some embodiments, depending on the driving scheme, panel design, etc., the gating drive circuit 230 may be connected to two sides or portions of the display panel 110 (e.g., the left edge and the right edge), or connected to at least two of the four sides or portions of the display panel 110 (e.g., the top edge, the bottom edge, the left edge, and the right edge).

[0100] The display controller 240 can be implemented in a component separate from the data drive circuit 220, or it can be integrated with the data drive circuit 220 and thus implemented in an integrated circuit.

[0101] Display controller 240 may be a timing controller used in typical display technologies, or it may be a controller or control device capable of performing other control functions in addition to those of a typical timing controller. In some embodiments, display controller 240 may be a controller or control device different from the timing controller, or may be circuitry or components included in a controller or control device. Display controller 240 may be implemented using various circuitry or electronic components such as integrated circuits (ICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), processors, etc. In some embodiments, display controller 240 may be an application processor (AP).

[0102] The display controller 240 can be mounted on a printed circuit board, flexible printed circuit, etc., and is electrically connected to the gating drive circuit 230 and the data drive circuit 220 through the printed circuit board, flexible printed circuit, etc.

[0103] The display controller 240 can send signals to and receive signals from the data driver circuit 220 via one or more predefined interfaces. In some embodiments, such interfaces may include a low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) interface, an embedded point-to-point clock interface (EPI), a serial peripheral interface (SPI), etc.

[0104] In some embodiments, to further provide touch sensing and image display functions, the display device 100 may include at least one touch sensor and a touch sensing circuit. By sensing the touch sensor, the touch sensing circuit can detect whether a touch event occurs due to a touch object such as a finger or pen, or can detect the corresponding touch position.

[0105] The touch sensing circuit may include a touch driver circuit 260 capable of generating and providing touch sensing data by driving and sensing a touch sensor, a touch controller 270 capable of using the touch sensing data to detect the occurrence of a touch event or to detect the touch position, and one or more other components.

[0106] The touch sensor may include multiple touch electrodes. The touch sensor may also include multiple touch lines for electrically connecting the multiple touch electrodes to the touch driving circuitry 260.

[0107] The touch sensor can be implemented in the touch panel, or externally to the display panel 110 in the form of a touch panel, or internally to the display panel 110. In the example where the touch sensor is implemented in the touch panel or externally to the display panel 110 in the form of a touch panel, this type of touch sensor is referred to as an additional type. In the example of setting an additional type touch sensor, the touch panel and the display panel 110 can be manufactured and coupled separately during the assembly process. The additional type touch panel may include a touch panel substrate and multiple touch electrodes on the touch panel substrate.

[0108] In an example where the touch sensor is implemented inside the display panel 110, the process of manufacturing the display panel 110 may include placing the touch sensor together with signal lines and electrodes associated with driving the display device 100 above the substrate SUB.

[0109] The touch driving circuit 260 can provide a touch driving signal to at least one of the plurality of touch electrodes and sense at least one of the plurality of touch electrodes to generate touch sensing data.

[0110] Touch sensing circuits can use self-capacitance sensing or mutual capacitance sensing to perform touch sensing.

[0111] In an example where the touch sensing circuit performs touch sensing using a self-capacitance sensing method, the touch sensing circuit can perform touch sensing based on the capacitance between each touch electrode and the touch object (e.g., a finger, a pen, etc.).

[0112] According to the self-capacitance sensing method, each of the plurality of touch electrodes can act as both a driving touch electrode and a sensing touch electrode. The touch driving circuit 260 can drive all or one or more of the plurality of touch electrodes and sense all or one or more of the plurality of touch electrodes.

[0113] In an example where the touch sensing circuit performs touch sensing using a mutual capacitance sensing method, the touch sensing circuit can perform touch sensing based on the capacitance between the touch electrodes.

[0114] Based on the mutual capacitance sensing method, multiple touch electrodes are divided into driving touch electrodes and sensing touch electrodes. The touch driving circuit 260 can drive the driving touch electrodes and sense the sensing touch electrodes.

[0115] The touch driver circuit 260 and touch controller 270 included in the touch sensing circuit can be implemented in separate devices or in a single device. Furthermore, the touch driver circuit 260 and data driver circuit 220 can be implemented in separate devices or in a single device.

[0116] The display device 100 may also include a power supply circuit for supplying various types of power to the display driving circuit and / or touch sensing circuit.

[0117] In some embodiments, the display device 100 may be a mobile terminal such as a smartphone or tablet, or a monitor or television (TV). Such a device may be of various types, sizes, and shapes. The display device 100 according to embodiments of this disclosure is not limited thereto, and includes displays of various types, sizes, and shapes for displaying information or images.

[0118] As described above, the display area DA of the display panel 110 may include a normal area NA and one or more optical areas (OA1, OA2), for example, Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1C As shown.

[0119] A normal region NA and one or more optical regions (OA1, OA2) are areas where images can be displayed. However, the normal region NA is a region where a light transmission structure is not required, while one or more optical regions (OA1, OA2) are regions where a light transmission structure is required.

[0120] As mentioned above Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1C As discussed in the examples, although the display area DA of the display panel 110 may include one or more optical areas (OA1, OA2) in addition to the ordinary area NA, for ease of description, in the following discussion, it is assumed that the display area DA includes a first optical area, a second optical area (OA1, OA2), and the ordinary area NA, and that the ordinary area NA includes... Figures 1A to 1C The ordinary region NA in the image, and its first optical region and second optical region (OA1, OA2) respectively include Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1C The first optical region OA1 and Figure 1B and Figure 1C The second optical region OA2, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0121] Figure 3 An example equivalent circuit of a sub-pixel SP in a display panel 110 according to an aspect of this disclosure is shown.

[0122] Each sub-pixel SP in the display area DA of the display panel 110, including the ordinary area NA, the first optical area OA1, and the second optical area OA2, may include a light-emitting element ED, a driving transistor DRT for driving the light-emitting element ED, a scanning transistor SCT for transmitting the data voltage Vdata to the first node N1 of the driving transistor DRT, a storage capacitor Cst for maintaining the voltage at an approximately constant level during a frame, and so on.

[0123] The driving transistor DRT may include a first node N1 to which a data voltage is applied, a second node N2 electrically connected to the light-emitting element ED, and a third node N3 to which a pixel driving voltage ELVDD is applied via the driving voltage line DVL. In the driving transistor DRT, the first node N1 may be a gate node, the second node N2 may be a source node or a drain node, and the third node N3 may be a drain node or a source node.

[0124] The light-emitting element ED may include an anode electrode AE, an emitting layer EL, and a cathode electrode CE. The anode electrode AE ​​may be a pixel electrode disposed in each pixel (or sub-pixel) SP and may be electrically connected to the second node N2 of the driving transistor DRT of each sub-pixel SP. The cathode electrode CE may be a common electrode disposed in multiple sub-pixels SP, and a base voltage ELVSS, such as a low-level voltage, may be applied to the cathode electrode CE.

[0125] For example, the anode electrode AE ​​can be a pixel electrode, and the cathode electrode CE can be a common electrode. In another example, the anode electrode AE ​​can be a common electrode, and the cathode electrode CE can be a pixel electrode. For ease of description, in the following discussion, it is assumed that the anode electrode AE ​​is a pixel electrode and the cathode electrode CE is a common electrode, unless otherwise explicitly stated.

[0126] The light-emitting element (ED) can be, for example, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), an inorganic light-emitting diode, a quantum dot light-emitting element, etc. In the example where an organic light-emitting diode is used as the light-emitting element ED, the emission layer EL included in the light-emitting element ED can include an organic emission layer containing organic materials.

[0127] The scanning transistor SCT can be turned on and off by the scanning signal SCAN, which is a gating signal applied by the gating line GL. The scanning transistor SCT is electrically connected between the first node N1 of the driving transistor DRT and the data line DL.

[0128] The storage capacitor Cst can be electrically connected between the first node N1 and the second node N2 of the driving transistor DRT.

[0129] like Figure 3As shown, each sub-pixel SP may include two transistors (2T: DRT and SCT) and one capacitor (1C: Cst) (which may be referred to as a "2T1C structure"), and in some cases, may further include one or more transistors, or further include one or more capacitors.

[0130] In some implementations, the storage capacitor Cst that may exist between the first node N1 and the second node N2 of the driving transistor DRT may be an external capacitor that is intentionally configured or designed to be located outside the driving transistor DRT, rather than an internal capacitor such as a parasitic capacitor (e.g., gate-to-source capacitance Cgs, gate-to-drain capacitance Cgd, etc.).

[0131] Each of the driving transistor DRT and the scanning transistor SCT can be an n-type transistor or a p-type transistor.

[0132] Since the circuit elements (e.g., specifically, the light-emitting element ED) in each sub-pixel SP are susceptible to external moisture or oxygen, an encapsulation layer ENCAP can be provided in the display panel 110 to prevent external moisture or oxygen from penetrating into the circuit elements (e.g., specifically, the light-emitting element ED). The encapsulation layer ENCAP can be configured to cover the light-emitting element ED.

[0133] Figure 4 An example arrangement of subpixels SP in three regions (NA, OA1, and OA2) of the display area DA of the display panel 110 is shown according to aspects of this disclosure.

[0134] Reference Figure 4 In some implementations, multiple sub-pixels SP can be disposed in each of the ordinary region NA, the first optical region OA1, and the second optical region OA2 included in the display region DA.

[0135] Each of the multiple sub-pixels SP may include, for example, a red sub-pixel that emits red light (red SP), a green sub-pixel that emits green light (green SP), and a blue sub-pixel that emits blue light (blue SP).

[0136] Therefore, each of the ordinary region NA, the first optical region OA1, and the second optical region OA2 may include one or more light-emitting regions EA of one or more red sub-pixels (red SP), one or more light-emitting regions EA of one or more green sub-pixels (green SP), and one or more light-emitting regions EA of one or more blue sub-pixels (blue SP).

[0137] Reference Figure 4In some implementations, the ordinary region NA may not include a light-transmitting structure, but may include a light-emitting region EA.

[0138] Conversely, in some embodiments, the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 need to include both the light-emitting region EA and the light-transmitting structure.

[0139] Therefore, the first optical region OA1 may include the light-emitting region EA and the first transmission region TA1, and the second optical region OA2 may include the light-emitting region EA and the second transmission region TA2.

[0140] The luminescent area EA and the transmissive areas (TA1, TA2) can differ depending on whether light transmission is permitted. For example, the luminescent area EA can be an area where light transmission is not permitted (e.g., light transmission to the back of the display panel is not permitted), and the transmissive areas (TA1, TA2) can be areas where light transmission is permitted (e.g., light transmission to the back of the display panel is permitted).

[0141] The luminescent region EA and the transmissive regions (TA1, TA2) can also differ depending on whether a specific metal layer is included. For example, as... Figure 3 The cathode electrode CE shown can be disposed in the light-emitting region EA, and the cathode electrode CE cannot be disposed in the transmission regions (TA1, TA2). In some embodiments, the light-shielding layer can be disposed in the light-emitting region EA, and the light-shielding layer cannot be disposed in the transmission regions (TA1, TA2).

[0142] Since the first optical region OA1 includes the first transmission region TA1 and the second optical region OA2 includes the second transmission region TA2, both the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 are regions through which light can pass.

[0143] In one embodiment, the transmittance of the first optical region OA1 and the transmittance of the second optical region OA2 can be substantially equal.

[0144] For example, the first transmission region TA1 of the first optical region OA1 and the second transmission region TA2 of the second optical region OA2 can have substantially the same shape or size. In another example, even when the first transmission region TA1 of the first optical region OA1 and the second transmission region TA2 of the second optical region OA2 have different shapes or sizes, the ratio of the first transmission region TA1 to the first optical region OA1 and the ratio of the second transmission region TA2 to the second optical region OA2 can be substantially equal. In the example, each first transmission region TA1 has the same shape and size. In the example, each second transmission region TA2 has the same shape and size. However, the implementation is not limited to this. For example, each first transmission region TA1 can have various shapes and sizes, and / or each second transmission region TA2 can have various shapes and sizes.

[0145] In another embodiment, the transmittance of the first optical region OA1 and the transmittance of the second optical region OA2 may be different.

[0146] For example, the first transmission region TA1 of the first optical region OA1 and the second transmission region TA2 of the second optical region OA2 can have different shapes or sizes. In another example, even when the first transmission region TA1 of the first optical region OA1 and the second transmission region TA2 of the second optical region OA2 have substantially the same shape or size, the ratio of the first transmission region TA1 to the first optical region OA1 and the ratio of the second transmission region TA2 to the second optical region OA2 can be different from each other.

[0147] For example, in such Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1C The first optical electronic device 11, which overlaps with the first optical region OA1, shown in the figure, is a camera and as... Figure 1B and Figure 1C The second optical electronic device 12 shown, which overlaps with the second optical region OA2, is an example of a sensor for detecting light. The camera may require more light than the sensor.

[0148] Therefore, the transmittance of the first optical region OA1 can be greater than that of the second optical region OA2.

[0149] For example, the first transmission region TA1 of the first optical region OA1 can have a larger size than the second transmission region TA2 of the second optical region OA2. In another example, even when the first transmission region TA1 of the first optical region OA1 and the second transmission region TA2 of the second optical region OA2 have substantially the same size, the ratio of the first transmission region TA1 to the first optical region OA1 can be greater than the ratio of the second transmission region TA2 to the second optical region OA2.

[0150] For ease of description, the following discussion is provided based on an implementation in which the transmittance (transmittance) of the first optical region OA1 is greater than that of the second optical region OA2.

[0151] In addition, such as Figure 4 The transmission regions (TA1, TA2) shown can be called transparent regions, and the term transmittance can be called transparency.

[0152] Furthermore, in the following discussion, it is assumed that the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 are located at the upper edge of the display region DA of the display panel 110, and as follows... Figure 4 As shown, the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 are configured to be horizontally adjacent to each other, for example, along the direction extending from the upper edge, unless otherwise explicitly specified. However, the implementation is not limited to this. The first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 can be located at any position in the display area DA, such as the center or lower edge of the display area DA, or even at separate positions in the display area DA.

[0153] Reference Figure 4 The horizontal display area with a first optical region OA1 and a second optical region OA2 is called the first horizontal display area HA1, while the other horizontal display area without the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 is called the second horizontal display area HA2.

[0154] Reference Figure 4 The first horizontal display area HA1 may include a portion of the normal area NA, a first optical area OA1, and a second optical area OA2. The second horizontal display area HA2 may include only another portion of the normal area NA.

[0155] Figure 5A An example arrangement of signal lines in each of the first optical region OA1 and the ordinary region NA of a display panel 110 according to aspects of this disclosure is shown, and Figure 5B An example arrangement of signal lines in each of the second optical region OA2 and the general region NA of a display panel 110 according to aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0156] Figure 5A and Figure 5B The first horizontal display area HA1 shown is a portion of the first horizontal display area HA1 of the display panel 110. Figure 5A and Figure 5B The second horizontal display area HA2 shown is a portion of the second horizontal display area HA2 of the display panel 110.

[0157] Figure 5A The first optical region OA1 shown is a part of the first optical region OA1 of the display panel 110, and Figure 5B The second optical region OA2 shown is a part of the second optical region OA2 of the display panel 110.

[0158] Reference Figure 5A and Figure 5B The first horizontal display area HA1 may include a portion of the normal area NA, a first optical area OA1, and a second optical area OA2. The second horizontal display area HA2 may include another portion of the normal area NA.

[0159] Various types of horizontal lines (HL1, HL2) and various types of vertical lines (VLn, VL1, VL2) can be set in the display panel 110.

[0160] In some implementations, the terms "horizontal" and "vertical" are used to refer to two directions intersecting the display panel; however, it should be noted that the horizontal and vertical directions can change depending on the viewing direction. The horizontal direction can refer, for example, the direction in which a gate line GL extends, and the vertical direction can refer, for example, the direction in which a data line DL extends. Therefore, the terms horizontal and vertical are used to represent two directions.

[0161] Reference Figure 5A and Figure 5B The horizontal lines set in the display panel 110 may include a first horizontal line HL1 set in the first horizontal display area HA1 and a second horizontal line HL2 set in the second horizontal display area HA2.

[0162] The horizontal lines set in the display panel 110 can be gate lines GL. That is, the first horizontal line HL1 and the second horizontal line HL2 can be gate lines GL. Depending on the structure of one or more pixels SP, the gate lines GL can include various types of gate lines.

[0163] Reference Figure 5A and Figure 5BThe vertical lines set in the display panel 110 may include a vertical line VLn set only in the normal area NA, a first vertical line VL1 passing through both the first optical area OA1 and the normal area NA, and a second vertical line VL2 passing through both the second optical area OA2 and the normal area NA.

[0164] The vertical lines provided in the display panel 110 may include data lines DL, driving voltage lines DVL, etc., and may also include reference voltage lines, initialization voltage lines, etc. That is, the ordinary vertical line VLn, the first vertical line VL1, and the second vertical line VL2 may include data lines DL, driving voltage lines DVL, etc., and may further include reference voltage lines, initialization voltage lines, etc.

[0165] In some implementations, it should be noted that the term "horizontal" in the second horizontal line HL2 may simply mean that the signal is transported from the left side to the right side (or from the right side to the left side) of the display panel, and may not mean that the second horizontal line HL2 travels in a straight line only in the direct horizontal direction. For example, in Figure 5A and Figure 5B In the diagram, although the second horizontal line HL2 is shown as a straight line, one or more of the second horizontal lines HL2 may include lines that are parallel to each other. Figure 5A and Figure 5B The configuration shown has one or more bends or folds. Similarly, one or more of the first horizontal lines HL1 may also include one or more bends or folds.

[0166] In some implementations, it should be noted that the term "vertical" in a standard vertical line VLn may simply mean that the signal is transported from the top to the bottom (or from the bottom to the top) of the display panel, and may not mean that the standard vertical line VLn travels in a straight line only in the directly vertical direction. For example, in Figure 5A and Figure 5B In the diagram, although ordinary vertical lines VLn are shown as straight lines, one or more ordinary vertical lines VLn can include lines that are perpendicular to each other. Figure 5A and Figure 5B The configuration shown has one or more bends or folds. Similarly, one or more of the first vertical lines VL1 and one or more of the second vertical lines VL2 may also include one or more bends or folds.

[0167] Reference Figure 5A The first optical region OA1, which includes the first horizontal region HA1, may include, for example, Figure 4 The diagram shows the light-emitting region EA and the first transmission region TA1. Within the first optical region OA1, each outer region of the first transmission region TA1 may include the corresponding light-emitting region EA.

[0168] Reference Figure 5A In order to improve the transmittance of the first optical region OA1, the first horizontal line HL1 can pass through the first optical region OA1 while avoiding the first transmission region TA1 in the first optical region OA1.

[0169] Therefore, each first horizontal line HL1 passing through the first optical region OA1 may include one or more curved or bent portions extending around one or more corresponding outer edges of one or more first transmission regions TA1.

[0170] Therefore, the first horizontal line HL1 set in the first horizontal region HA1 and the second horizontal line HL2 set in the second horizontal region HA2 can have different shapes or lengths. For example, the first horizontal line HL1 that passes through the first optical region OA1 and the second horizontal line HL2 that does not pass through the first optical region OA1 can have different shapes or lengths.

[0171] In addition, in order to improve the transmittance of the first optical region OA1, the first vertical line VL1 can pass through the first optical region OA1 while avoiding the first transmission region TA1 in the first optical region OA1.

[0172] Therefore, each first vertical line VL1 passing through the first optical region OA1 may include one or more curved or bent portions extending around one or more corresponding outer edges of one or more first transmission regions TA1.

[0173] Therefore, the first vertical line VL1 passing through the first optical region OA1 and the ordinary vertical line VLn set in the ordinary region NA but not passing through the first optical region OA1 can have different shapes or lengths.

[0174] Reference Figure 5A The first transmission region TA1, which is included in the first optical region OA1 in the first horizontal region HA1, can be arranged diagonally.

[0175] Reference Figure 5A In the first optical region OA1 within the first horizontal region HA1, one or more light-emitting regions EA can be disposed between two horizontally adjacent first transmission regions TA1. In the first optical region OA1 within the first horizontal region HA1, one or more light-emitting regions EA can be disposed between two vertically adjacent first transmission regions TA1.

[0176] Reference Figure 5AThe first horizontal line HL1 set in the first horizontal region HA1 (e.g., each first horizontal line HL1 passing through the first optical region OA1) may include one or more curved or bent portions extending around one or more corresponding outer edges of one or more first transmission regions TA1.

[0177] Reference Figure 5B The second optical region OA2, included in the first horizontal region HA1, may include a light-emitting region EA and a second transmission region TA2. Within the second optical region OA2, each outer region of the second transmission region TA2 may include a corresponding light-emitting region EA.

[0178] In one embodiment, the light-emitting region EA and the second transmission region TA2 in the second optical region OA2 can have the same characteristics as... Figure 5A The luminescent region EA and the first transmissive region TA1 in the first optical region OA1 are in essentially the same position and arrangement.

[0179] In another embodiment, such as Figure 5B As shown, the emitting region EA and the second transmission region TA2 in the second optical region OA2 can have the same characteristics as... Figure 5A The first optical region OA1 has different positions and arrangements of the light-emitting region EA and the first transmission region TA1.

[0180] For example, refer to Figure 5B The second transmission regions TA2 in the second optical region OA2 can be arranged horizontally (from left to right or from right to left). In this example, the light-emitting region EA may not be positioned between two horizontally adjacent second transmission regions TA2. Furthermore, one or more light-emitting regions EA in the second optical region OA2 can be positioned between adjacent second transmission regions TA2 in a vertical direction (from top to bottom or from bottom to top). For example, one or more light-emitting regions EA can be positioned between two rows of second transmission regions.

[0181] When passing through the second optical region OA2 and the ordinary region NA adjacent to the second optical region OA2 in the first horizontal region HA1, in one embodiment, the first horizontal line HL1 may have the same characteristics as... Figure 5A The arrangement is basically the same as the first horizontal line HL1.

[0182] In another embodiment, such as Figure 5B As shown, when the first horizontal line HL1 passes through the second optical region OA2 and the ordinary region NA adjacent to the second optical region OA2 in the first horizontal region HA1, the first horizontal line HL1 can have the same characteristics as... Figure 5A The first horizontal line HL1 in the middle has a different arrangement.

[0183] This is because Figure 5B The luminescent region EA and the second transmission region TA2 in the second optical region OA2 have the same characteristics as... Figure 5A The first optical region OA1 has different positions and arrangements of the light-emitting region EA and the first transmission region TA1.

[0184] Reference Figure 5B When the first horizontal line HL1 passes through the second optical region OA2 and the ordinary region NA adjacent to the second optical region OA2 in the first horizontal region HA1, the first horizontal line HL1 can travel in a straight line between the vertically adjacent second transmission regions TA2 without having any curved or bent portions.

[0185] For example, a first horizontal line HL1 may have one or more curved or bent portions in a first optical region OA1, while it may not have curved or bent portions in a second optical region OA2.

[0186] In order to improve the transmittance of the second optical region OA2, the second vertical line VL2 can pass through the second optical region OA2 while avoiding the second transmission region TA2 in the second optical region OA2.

[0187] Therefore, each second vertical line VL2 passing through the second optical region OA2 may include one or more curved or bent portions extending around one or more corresponding outer edges of one or more second transmission regions TA2.

[0188] Therefore, the second vertical line VL2 passing through the second optical region OA2 and the ordinary vertical line VLn set in the ordinary region NA without passing through the second optical region OA2 can have different shapes or lengths.

[0189] like Figure 5A As shown, each or more of the first horizontal lines HL1 passing through the first optical region OA1 may have one or more curved or bent portions extending around one or more corresponding outer edges of one or more first transmission regions TA1.

[0190] Therefore, the length of the first horizontal line HL1 that passes through the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 can be slightly longer than the length of the second horizontal line HL2 that is only set in the ordinary region NA and does not pass through the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2.

[0191] Therefore, the resistance of the first horizontal line HL1 passing through the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 (referred to as the first resistance) can be slightly greater than the resistance of the second horizontal line HL2, which is only set in the ordinary region NA and does not pass through the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 (referred to as the second resistance).

[0192] Reference Figure 5A and Figure 5B According to the example light transmission structure, the first optical region OA1, which at least partially overlaps with the first optical electronic device 11, includes a first transmission region TA1, and the second optical region OA2, which at least partially overlaps with the second optical electronic device 12, includes a second transmission region TA2. Therefore, the number of sub-pixels per unit area in each of the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 can be less than the number of sub-pixels per unit area in the ordinary region NA.

[0193] Therefore, the number of sub-pixels connected to each or one or more of the first horizontal lines HL1 that pass through the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 can be different from the number of sub-pixels connected to each or one or more of the second horizontal lines HL2 that are only set in the ordinary region NA and do not pass through the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2.

[0194] The number of sub-pixels connected to each or one or more of the first horizontal lines HL1 that pass through the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 (referred to as the first number) may be less than the number of sub-pixels connected to each or one or more of the second horizontal lines HL2 that are only set in the normal region NA and do not pass through the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 (referred to as the second number).

[0195] The difference between the first quantity and the second quantity can vary based on the difference between the resolution of each of the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 and the resolution of the ordinary region NA. For example, as the difference between the resolution of each of the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 and the resolution of the ordinary region NA increases, the difference between the first quantity and the second quantity can increase.

[0196] As described above, since the number of pixels connected to each or one or more of the first horizontal lines HL1 that pass through the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 (the first number) is less than the number of pixels connected to each or one or more of the second horizontal lines HL2 that are only set in the normal region NA and do not pass through the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 (the second number), the area where the first horizontal line HL1 overlaps with one or more other electrodes or lines adjacent to the first horizontal line HL1 can be smaller than the area where the second horizontal line HL2 overlaps with one or more other electrodes or lines adjacent to the second horizontal line HL2.

[0197] Therefore, the parasitic capacitance (referred to as the first capacitance) formed between the first horizontal line HL1 and one or more other electrodes or lines adjacent to the first horizontal line HL1 can be much smaller than the parasitic capacitance (referred to as the second capacitance) formed between the second horizontal line HL2 and one or more other electrodes or lines adjacent to the second horizontal line HL2.

[0198] Considering the relationship between the first resistor and the second resistor (first resistor ≥ second resistor) and the relationship between the first capacitor and the second capacitor (first capacitor << second capacitor), the RC value of the first horizontal line HL1 passing through the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 (referred to as the first RC value) can be significantly smaller than the RC value of the second horizontal line HL2, which is only set in the ordinary region NA and does not pass through the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 (referred to as the second RC value). Therefore, in this example, the first RC value is significantly smaller than the second RC value (i.e., the first RC value << the second RC value).

[0199] Due to this difference (called RC load difference) between the first RC value of the first horizontal line HL1 and the second RC value of the second horizontal line HL2, the signal transmission characteristics through the first horizontal line HL1 can be different from those through the second horizontal line HL2.

[0200] Figure 6 and Figure 7 This is an example cross-sectional view of each of the first optical region OA1, the second optical region OA2, and the ordinary region NA in the display area DA of the display panel 110, according to aspects of this disclosure.

[0201] Figure 6 The example shown is a display panel 110 with a touch sensor implemented as a touch panel outside the display panel 110, and Figure 7 The example of a display panel 110 in which a touch sensor TS is implemented inside the display panel 110 is shown.

[0202] Figure 6 and Figure 7 Each of the above shows an example cross-sectional view of the ordinary region NA, the first optical region OA1, and the second optical region OA2 included in the display area DA.

[0203] First, refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 Describe the stacked structure of the ordinary region NA. The luminescent regions EA of the first optical region OA1 and the second optical region OA2 can have the same stacked structure as the luminescent regions EA of the ordinary region NA.

[0204] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7The substrate SUB may include a first substrate SUB1, an interlayer insulating layer IPD, and a second substrate SUB2. The interlayer insulating layer IPD may be interposed between the first substrate SUB1 and the second substrate SUB2. Because the substrate SUB includes the first substrate SUB1, the interlayer insulating layer IPD, and the second substrate SUB2, the substrate SUB can prevent or reduce the penetration of moisture. The first substrate SUB1 and the second substrate SUB2 may be, for example, polyimide (PI) substrates. The first substrate SUB1 may be referred to as the main PI substrate, and the second substrate SUB2 may be referred to as the secondary PI substrate.

[0205] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 Various types of patterns ACT, SD1, GATE for setting one or more transistors such as driving transistors DRT, various types of insulating layers MBUF, ABUF1, ABUF2, GI, ILD1, ILD2, PAS0, and various types of metal patterns TM, GM, ML1, ML2 can be set on or above the substrate SUB.

[0206] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 The multi-buffer layer MBUF can be disposed on the second substrate SUB2, and the first active buffer layer ABUF1 can be disposed on the multi-buffer layer MBUF.

[0207] A first metal layer ML1 and a second metal layer ML2 may be disposed on a first active buffer layer ABUF1. The first metal layer ML1 and the second metal layer ML2 may be, for example, a light-shielding layer LS for light blocking.

[0208] The second active buffer layer ABUF2 can be disposed on the first metal layer ML1 and the second metal layer ML2. The active layer ACT that drives the transistor DRT can be disposed on the second active buffer layer ABUF2.

[0209] The gate insulating layer GI can be configured to cover the active layer ACT.

[0210] The gate electrode (GATE) of the driving transistor (DRT) can be disposed on the gate insulating layer (GI). Furthermore, the gate material layer (GM) can be disposed together with the gate electrode (GATE) of the driving transistor (DRT) on the gate insulating layer (GI) at a location different from where the driving transistor (DRT) is disposed.

[0211] The first interlayer insulating layer ILD1 can be configured to cover the gate electrode GATE and the gate material layer GM. A metal pattern TM can be formed on the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1. The metal pattern TM can be located at a different position than where the driving transistor DRT is formed. The second interlayer insulating layer ILD2 can be configured to cover the metal pattern TM on the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1.

[0212] Two first source-drain electrode patterns SD1 can be disposed on the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2. One of the two first source-drain electrode patterns SD1 can be the source node of the driving transistor DRT, and the other can be the drain node of the driving transistor DRT.

[0213] The two first source-drain electrode patterns SD1 can be electrically connected to the first and second sides of the active layer ACT, respectively, through contact holes formed in the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2, the first interlayer insulating layer ILD1, and the gate insulating layer GI.

[0214] The portion of the active layer ACT that overlaps with the gate electrode GATE can be used as a channel region. One of the two first source-drain electrode patterns SD1 can be connected to a first side of the channel region of the active layer ACT, and the other of the two first source-drain electrode patterns SD1 can be connected to a second side of the channel region of the active layer ACT.

[0215] The passivation layer PAS0 can be configured to cover two first source-drain electrode patterns SD1. A planarization layer PLN can be disposed on the passivation layer PAS0. The planarization layer PLN may include a first planarization layer PLN1 and a second planarization layer PLN2.

[0216] The first planarization layer PLN1 can be set on the passivation layer PAS0.

[0217] The second source-drain electrode pattern SD2 can be disposed on the first planarization layer PLN1. The second source-drain electrode pattern SD2 can be connected to the two first source-drain electrode patterns SD1 (corresponding to) through contact holes formed in the first planarization layer PLN1. Figure 3 (The second node N2 of the driving transistor DRT in pixel SP).

[0218] The second planarization layer PLN2 can be configured to cover the second source-drain electrode pattern SD2. The light-emitting element ED can be disposed on the second planarization layer PLN2.

[0219] According to the example stacked structure of the light-emitting element ED, the anode electrode AE ​​can be disposed on the second planarization layer PLN2. The anode electrode AE ​​can be electrically connected to the second source-drain electrode pattern SD2 through contact holes formed in the second planarization layer PLN2.

[0220] The dam bank can be set to cover a portion of the anode electrode AE. A portion of the dam bank corresponding to the light-emitting area EA of pixel SP can be turned on.

[0221] A portion of the anode electrode AE ​​can be exposed through an opening (opening portion) of the dam bank. The emitter layer EL can be located on the side surface of the dam bank and within the opening (opening portion) of the dam bank. All or at least a portion of the emitter layer EL can be located between adjacent dams.

[0222] In the opening of the dam bank, the emitter layer EL can contact the anode electrode AE. The cathode electrode CE can be disposed on the emitter layer EL.

[0223] As described above, a light-emitting element (ED) can be formed by including an anode electrode (AE), an emitting layer (EL), and a cathode electrode (CE). The emitting layer (EL) may include a layer of organic material.

[0224] The encapsulation layer ENCAP can be placed on the stack of light-emitting elements (EDs).

[0225] The ENCAP encapsulation layer can have a single-layer or multi-layer structure. For example, Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the encapsulation layer ENCAP may include a first encapsulation layer PAS1, a second encapsulation layer PCL, and a third encapsulation layer PAS2.

[0226] The first encapsulation layer PAS1 and the third encapsulation layer PAS2 can be, for example, inorganic material layers, and the second encapsulation layer PCL can be, for example, an organic material layer. Among the first encapsulation layer PAS1, the second encapsulation layer PCL, and the third encapsulation layer PAS2, the second encapsulation layer PCL can be the thickest and serves as a planarization layer.

[0227] The first encapsulation layer PAS1 can be disposed on the cathode electrode CE and can be positioned closest to the light-emitting element ED. The first encapsulation layer PAS1 can include an inorganic insulating material that can be deposited using low-temperature deposition. For example, the first encapsulation layer PAS1 can include, but is not limited to, silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon oxide (SiOx), silicon oxide nitride (SiON), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), etc. Because the first encapsulation layer PAS1 can be deposited in a low-temperature atmosphere, it can prevent damage to the emitter layer EL, which includes organic materials susceptible to high-temperature atmospheres, during the deposition process.

[0228] The second encapsulation layer PCL can have a smaller area or size than the first encapsulation layer PAS1. For example, the second encapsulation layer PCL can be configured to expose both ends or two edges of the first encapsulation layer PAS1. The second encapsulation layer PCL can serve as a buffer to release stress between the corresponding layers when the display device 100 is bent or folded, and also to enhance planarization performance. For example, the second encapsulation layer PCL can include organic insulating materials such as acrylic resin, epoxy resin, polyimide, polyethylene, silicon carbide (SiOC), etc. The second encapsulation layer PCL can be configured, for example, using an inkjet printing method.

[0229] The third encapsulation layer PAS2 can be disposed on the substrate SUB on which the second encapsulation layer PCL is disposed above, such that the third encapsulation layer PAS2 covers the corresponding top and side surfaces of the second encapsulation layer PCL and the first encapsulation layer PAS1. The third encapsulation layer PAS2 can minimize or prevent external moisture or oxygen from penetrating into the first encapsulation layer PAS1 and the second encapsulation layer PCL. For example, the third encapsulation layer PAS2 may include inorganic insulating materials such as silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon oxide (SiOx), silicon oxide nitride (SiON), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), etc.

[0230] Reference Figure 7 In the example where the touch sensor TS is embedded in the display panel 110, the touch sensor TS can be disposed on the encapsulation layer ENCAP. The structure of the touch sensor will be described in detail below.

[0231] The touch buffer layer (T-BUF) can be placed on the encapsulation layer (ENCAP). The touch sensor (TS) can be placed on the touch buffer layer (T-BUF).

[0232] The touch sensor TS may include a touch sensor metal TSM located in different layers and at least one bridging metal BRG.

[0233] The interlayer insulating layer (T-ILD) can be placed between the touch sensor metal (TSM) and the bridging metal (BRG).

[0234] For example, the touch sensor metal TSM may include a first touch sensor metal TSM, a second touch sensor metal TSM, and a third touch sensor metal TSM disposed adjacent to each other. In an embodiment where the third touch sensor metal TSM is disposed between the first and second touch sensor metal TSMs and the first and second touch sensor metal TSMs need to be electrically connected to each other, the first and second touch sensor metal TSMs can be electrically connected to each other through a bridging metal BRG located in different layers. The bridging metal BRG can be electrically insulated from the third touch sensor metal TSM through a touch layer interlayer insulating layer (T-ILD).

[0235] When the touch sensor TS is disposed on the display panel 110, chemical solutions (e.g., developers or etchants) used in the corresponding processes or moisture from the outside may be generated or introduced. In some embodiments, by disposing the touch sensor TS on the touch buffer layer T-BUF, chemical solutions or moisture can be prevented from penetrating into the emitter layer EL, which includes organic materials, during the manufacturing process of the touch sensor TS. Therefore, the touch buffer layer T-BUF can prevent damage to the emitter layer EL, which is susceptible to chemical solutions or moisture.

[0236] To prevent damage to the emitter layer EL, which includes organic materials susceptible to high temperatures, the touch buffer layer T-BUF can be formed at a low temperature less than or equal to a predetermined temperature (e.g., 100 degrees Celsius), and is formed using an organic insulating material with a low dielectric constant of 1 to 3. For example, the touch buffer layer T-BUF may include acrylic, epoxy, or siloxane-based materials. When the display device 100 is bent, the encapsulation layer ENCAP may be damaged, and the touch sensor metal located on the touch buffer layer T-BUF may crack or break. Even when the display device 100 is bent, the touch buffer layer T-BUF, as an organic insulating material with planarization properties, can prevent damage to the encapsulation layer ENCAP and / or cracking or breakage of the metal (TSM, BRG) included in the touch sensor TS.

[0237] The protective layer PAC can be configured to cover the touch sensor TS. The protective layer PAC can be, for example, an organic insulating layer.

[0238] Next, we will refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 To describe the stacked structure of the first optical region OA1.

[0239] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 The emitting region EA of the first optical region OA1 can have the same stacked structure as the emitting region EA in the ordinary region NA. Therefore, in the following discussion, the emitting region EA in the first optical region OA1 will not be described again, but the stacked structure of the first transmission region TA1 in the first optical region OA1 will be described in detail below.

[0240] In some embodiments, the cathode electrode CE may be disposed in the light-emitting region EA, which includes the normal region NA and the first optical region OA1, but may not be disposed in the first transmission region TA1 of the first optical region OA1. For example, the first transmission region TA1 in the first optical region OA1 may correspond to the opening of the cathode electrode CE.

[0241] Furthermore, in some embodiments, a light-shielding layer LS comprising at least one of a first metal layer ML1 and a second metal layer ML2 may be disposed in a light-emitting region EA comprising a normal region NA and a first optical region OA1, but may not be disposed in a first transmission region TA1 within the first optical region OA1. For example, the first transmission region TA1 within the first optical region OA1 may correspond to an opening in the light-shielding layer LS.

[0242] Various types of insulating layers (MBUF, ABUF1, ABUF2, GI, ILD1, ILD2, PAS0, PLN (PLN1, PLN2), BANK, ENCAP (PAS1, PCL, PAS2), T-BUF, T-ILD, PAC) and substrate SUB disposed in the light-emitting region EA, which includes the ordinary region NA and the first optical region OA1, may be disposed in the first transmission region TA1 in the first optical region OA1 in an equal, substantially equal, or similar manner.

[0243] However, in some embodiments, all or one or more of the one or more material layers (e.g., one or more metal material layers and / or one or more semiconductor layers) that have electrical properties other than insulating materials or layers, which are disposed in the light-emitting region EA including the ordinary region NA and the first optical region OA1, may not be disposed in the first transmission region TA1 in the first optical region OA1.

[0244] For example, refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 All or one or more of the metal material layers (ML1, ML2, GATE, GM, TM, SD1, SD2) associated with at least one transistor and semiconductor layer ACT may not be disposed in the first transmission region TA1.

[0245] In addition, refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 In some embodiments, the anode electrode AE ​​and cathode electrode CE included in the light-emitting element ED may not be disposed in the first transmission region TA1. In some embodiments, depending on design requirements, the emitting layer EL of the light-emitting element ED may or may not be disposed in the first transmission region TA1.

[0246] In addition, refer to Figure 7 In some embodiments, the touch sensor metal TSM and bridging metal BRG included in the touch sensor TS may not be disposed in the first transmission region TA1 in the first optical region OA1.

[0247] Therefore, since the material layer with electrical properties (e.g., one or more metal material layers and / or one or more semiconductor layers) is not disposed in the first transmission region TA1 of the first optical region OA1, the light transmittance of the first transmission region TA1 in the first optical region OA1 can be provided or improved. As a result, the first optoelectronic device 11 can perform a predetermined function (e.g., image sensing) by receiving light transmitted through the first transmission region TA1.

[0248] In some embodiments, since all or one or more of the first transmission regions TA1 in the first optical region OA1 overlap with the first optical electronic device 11, it is necessary to further increase the transmittance of the first transmission regions TA1 in the first optical region OA1 in order for the first optical electronic device 11 to operate normally.

[0249] To achieve the above objectives, in the display panel 110 of the display device 100 according to aspects of the present disclosure, a transmittance improvement structure TIS can be provided to the first transmission region TA1 in the first optical region OA1.

[0250] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 The plurality of insulating layers included in the display panel 110 may include at least one buffer layer (MBUF, ABUF1, ABUF2) located between at least one substrate (SUB1, SUB2) and at least one transistor (DRT, SCT), at least one planarization layer (PLN1, PLN2) located between the transistor DRT and the light-emitting element ED, at least one encapsulation layer ENCAP located on the light-emitting element ED, etc.

[0251] Reference Figure 7 The multiple insulating layers included in the display panel 110 may also include a touch buffer layer T-BUF and a touch interlayer insulating layer T-ILD located on the encapsulation layer ENCAP.

[0252] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 The first transmission region TA1 in the first optical region OA1 can have a structure in which the first planarization layer PLN1 and the passivation layer PAS0 have recessed portions extending downward from their respective surfaces as a transmittance improvement structure TIS.

[0253] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 In a plurality of insulating layers, the first planarization layer PLN1 may include at least one recess (or groove, trench, depression, protrusion, etc.). The first planarization layer PLN1 may be, for example, an organic insulating layer.

[0254] In an example where the first planarization layer PLN1 has a recessed portion extending downward from its surface, the second planarization layer PLN2 can be substantially used to provide planarization. In one embodiment, the second planarization layer PLN2 may also have a recessed portion extending downward from its surface. In this embodiment, the second encapsulation layer PCL can be substantially used to provide planarization.

[0255] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 The recessed portions of the first planarization layer PLN1 and the passivation layer PAS0 can pass through insulating layers such as the first interlayer insulating layer ILD, the second interlayer insulating layer ILD2, and the gate insulating layer GI used to form the transistor DRT, as well as buffer layers such as the first active buffer layer ABUF1, the second active buffer layer ABUF2, and the multiple buffer layer MBUF located below the insulating layers, and extend to the upper part of the second substrate SUB2.

[0256] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 The substrate SUB may include at least one recessed or recessed portion as a transmittance improvement structure (TIS). For example, in the first transmission region TA1, the upper part of the second substrate SUB2 may be recessed or recessed downwards, or the second substrate SUB2 may be perforated.

[0257] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 The first encapsulation layer PAS1 and the second encapsulation layer PCL included in the encapsulation layer ENCAP may also have a transmittance improvement structure TIS, wherein the first encapsulation layer PAS1 and the second encapsulation layer PCL have recessed portions extending downward from their respective surfaces. The second encapsulation layer PCL may be, for example, an organic insulating layer.

[0258] Reference Figure 7 To protect the touch sensor TS, the protective layer PAC can be configured to cover the touch sensor TS on the encapsulation layer ENCAP.

[0259] Reference Figure 7 The protective layer PAC may have at least one recess (e.g., groove, trench, recess, protrusion, etc.) in the portion overlapping with the first transmission region TA1 as a transmittance-improving structure TIS. The protective layer PAC may be, for example, an organic insulating layer.

[0260] Reference Figure 7 The touch sensor TS may include one or more touch sensor metal TSMs with a grid type. In the example where the touch sensor metal TSM is formed as a grid type, multiple openings may be formed in the touch sensor metal TSM. Each of the multiple openings may be positioned as a light-emitting area EA corresponding to the pixel SP.

[0261] In order to make the first optical region OA1 have a higher transmittance than the ordinary region NA, the area or size of the touch sensor metal TSM per unit area in the first optical region OA1 can be smaller than the area or size of the touch sensor metal TSM per unit area in the ordinary region NA.

[0262] Reference Figure 7 In some embodiments, the touch sensor TS may be located in the light-emitting area EA of the first optical area OA1, but may not be located in the first transmission area TA1 of the first optical area OA1.

[0263] Next, we will refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 To describe the stacked structure of the second optical region OA2.

[0264] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 The emitting region EA of the second optical region OA2 can have the same stacked structure as the emitting region EA in the ordinary region NA. Therefore, in the following discussion, instead of repeating the description of the emitting region EA in the second optical region OA2, the stacked structure of the second transmission region TA2 in the second optical region OA2 will be described in detail below.

[0265] In some embodiments, the cathode electrode CE may be disposed in the light-emitting region EA, which is included in the normal region NA and the second optical region OA2, but may not be disposed in the second transmission region TA2 of the second optical region OA2. For example, the second transmission region TA2 in the second optical region OA2 may correspond to the opening of the cathode electrode CE.

[0266] Furthermore, in some embodiments, a light-shielding layer LS comprising at least one of a first metal layer ML1 and a second metal layer ML2 may be disposed in a light-emitting region EA comprising a normal region NA and a second optical region OA2, but may not be disposed in a first transmission region TA2 within the second optical region OA2. For example, the second transmission region TA2 within the second optical region OA2 may correspond to an opening in the light-shielding layer LS.

[0267] In an example where the transmittance of the second optical region OA2 is the same as that of the first optical region OA1, the stacked structure of the second transmission region TA2 in the second optical region OA2 can be the same as the stacked structure of the first transmission region TA1 in the first optical region OA1.

[0268] In another example where the transmittance of the second optical region OA2 is different from that of the first optical region OA1, the stacked structure of the second transmission region TA2 in the second optical region OA2 may be at least partially different from the stacked structure of the first transmission region TA1 in the first optical region OA1.

[0269] For example, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, when the transmittance of the second optical region OA2 is less than that of the first optical region OA1, the second transmission region TA2 in the second optical region OA2 may not have a transmittance improvement structure TIS. As a result, the first planarization layer PLN1 and the passivation layer PAS0 may not be recessed or sunken. Furthermore, the width of the second transmission region TA2 in the second optical region OA2 may be less than the width of the first transmission region TA1 in the first optical region OA1.

[0270] Various types of insulating layers (MBUF, ABUF1, ABUF2, GI, ILD1, ILD2, PAS0, PLN (PLN1, PLN2), BANK, ENCAP (PAS1, PCL, PAS2), T-BUF, T-ILD, PAC) and substrate SUB disposed in the light-emitting region EA, which includes the ordinary region NA and the second optical region OA2, may be disposed in the second transmission region TA2 in the second optical region OA2 in an equal, substantially equal, or similar manner.

[0271] However, in some embodiments, all or one or more of the one or more material layers (e.g., one or more metal material layers, and / or optical region semiconductor layers) that have electrical properties other than insulating materials or layers, which are disposed in the light-emitting region EA included in the ordinary region NA and the second optical region OA2, may not be disposed in the second transmission region TA2 in the second optical region OA2.

[0272] For example, refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 All or one or more of the metal material layers (ML1, ML2, GATE, GM, TM, SD1, SD2) associated with at least one transistor and semiconductor layer ACT may not be disposed in the second transmission region TA2 in the second optical region OA2.

[0273] In addition, refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7In some embodiments, the anode electrode AE ​​and cathode electrode CE included in the light-emitting element ED may not be disposed in the second transmission region TA2. In some embodiments, depending on design requirements, the emitting layer EL of the light-emitting element ED may or may not be disposed in the second transmission region TA2.

[0274] In addition, refer to Figure 7 In some embodiments, the touch sensor metal TSM and bridging metal BRG included in the touch sensor TS may not be disposed in the second transmission region TA2 in the second optical region OA2.

[0275] Therefore, since the material layer with electrical properties (e.g., one or more metal material layers and / or one or more semiconductor layers) is not disposed in the second transmission region TA2 of the second optical region OA2, the light transmittance of the second transmission region TA2 in the second optical region OA2 can be provided or improved. As a result, the second optoelectronic device 12 can perform a predetermined function (e.g., detecting an object or human body, or detecting external lighting) by receiving light transmitted through the second transmission region TA2.

[0276] Figure 8 This is an example cross-sectional view of the edge of a display panel according to aspects of this disclosure.

[0277] For the sake of brevity, in Figure 8 The image shows a single substrate SUB comprising a first substrate SUB1 and a second substrate SUB2, and a layer or portion located below the embankment BANK is shown in a simplified manner. Similarly, Figure 8 The diagram shows a single planarization layer PLN comprising a first planarization layer PLN1 and a second planarization layer PLN2, and a single interlayer insulation layer INS comprising a second interlayer insulation layer ILD2 and a first interlayer insulation layer ILD1 located below the planarization layer PLN.

[0278] Reference Figure 8 The first encapsulation layer PAS1 can be disposed on the cathode electrode CE and positioned closest to the light-emitting element ED. The second encapsulation layer PCL can have a smaller area or size than the first encapsulation layer PAS1. For example, the second encapsulation layer PCL can be configured to expose both ends or both edges of the first encapsulation layer PAS1.

[0279] The third encapsulation layer PAS2 can be disposed on the substrate SUB on which the second encapsulation layer PCL is disposed, such that the third encapsulation layer PAS2 covers the corresponding top and side surfaces of the second encapsulation layer PCL and the first encapsulation layer PAS1.

[0280] The third encapsulation layer PAS2 can minimize or prevent external moisture or oxygen from penetrating into the first encapsulation layer PAS1 and the second encapsulation layer PCL.

[0281] Reference Figure 8 To prevent the encapsulation layer ENCAP from collapsing, the display panel 110 may include one or more dams (DAM1, DAM2) at or near the end or edge of the inclined surface SLP of the encapsulation layer ENCAP. One or more dams (DAM1, DAM2) may exist at or near the boundary point between the display area DA and the non-display area NDA.

[0282] One or more dams (DAM1, DAM2) may include DFP made of the same material as the embankment BANK.

[0283] Reference Figure 8 In one embodiment, the second encapsulation layer PCL, comprising organic material, may be located only inside the first dam DAM1, which is situated within the dam at the location closest to the inclined surface SLP of the encapsulation layer ENCAP. For example, the second encapsulation layer PCL may not be located on all dams (DAM1, DAM2). In another embodiment, the second encapsulation layer PCL, comprising organic material, may be located at least on the first dam DAM1 within both the first and second dams DAM2.

[0284] For example, the second encapsulation layer PCL may extend only to all or at least a portion of the upper portion of the first dam DAM1. In another embodiment, the second encapsulation layer PCL may extend through the upper portion of the first dam DAM1 and extend to all or at least a portion of the upper portion of the second dam DAM2.

[0285] Reference Figure 8 ,like Figure 2 The touch drive circuit 260 shown is electrically connected to a touch pad TP which can be located on a portion of the substrate SUB located outside one or more dams (DAM1, DAM2).

[0286] The touch line TL can electrically connect the touch sensor metal TSM or bridging metal BRG to the touch pad TP. The touch sensor metal TSM or bridging metal BRG is included in or used as a touch electrode in the display area DA.

[0287] One end or one edge of the touch line TL can be electrically connected to the touch sensor metal TSM or the bridging metal BRG, and the other end or another edge of the touch line TL can be electrically connected to the touch pad TP.

[0288] The touch line TL can extend downward along the inclined surface SLP of the ENCAP package layer, along the corresponding upper part of the dam (DAM1, DAM2), and upward to the touch pad TP located on the outside of the dam (DAM1, DAM2).

[0289] Reference Figure 8 In one embodiment, the touch line TL can be a bridging metal BRG. In another embodiment, the touch line TL can be a touch sensor metal TSM.

[0290] Figure 9A and Figure 9B This is an example conceptual diagram illustrating the color coordinates of an image viewed in a display device 100 according to different viewing angles, based on aspects of this disclosure. Here, the term "viewing angle" can refer to the angle at which a user can view an image on the display panel 110 with acceptable quality.

[0291] The display device 100 according to aspects of this disclosure can improve the quality of the displayed image by implementing an optical compensation technique that adjusts the brightness based on the image actually displayed on the display panel 110. This compensation can be performed after capturing the image displayed on the display device 100 in front of the display device 100.

[0292] Typically, pixels can be set in a display panel using the same process; therefore, in the example of performing optical compensation based on an image captured in front of the display device 100, the color coordinates of the image displayed in the display device 100 may remain unchanged even when the corresponding viewing angle changes.

[0293] However, according to embodiments of this disclosure, the processes for forming the optical region OA and the ordinary region NA in the display panel 110 can differ from each other. For example, the optical region OA may include a transmissive region to increase light transmittance, while the ordinary region NA may not include a transmissive region. Therefore, the number of corresponding pixels per unit area in these regions can differ from each other. In embodiments, at least one of the horizontal lines HL1 and HL2 arranged along the horizontal direction of the display panel and the vertical lines VLn, VL1, and VL2 arranged along the vertical direction of the display panel can bypass the optical region OA. In embodiments, at least one of the horizontal lines HL1 and HL2 and the vertical lines VLn, VL1, and VL2 can bypass the transmissive region of the optical region OA.

[0294] In this implementation, since the cathode electrode (e.g., the cathode electrode CE in the figure discussed above) cannot be disposed in the transmission region to increase the transmittance of incident light, one or more electrodes disposed in the optical region OA and one or more electrodes disposed in the ordinary region NA can be different from each other. In this implementation, the size of the pixels disposed in the optical region OA can be reduced, and the transmission region can be disposed between the pixels.

[0295] Due to the differences in the aforementioned processes, differences in optical properties may occur between the optical region and the ordinary region. In an embodiment where optical compensation is performed based on an image captured in front of the display device 100, the corresponding color coordinates in the optical region and the ordinary region viewed from in front of the display device 100 can remain consistent; therefore, it is possible to achieve the desired optical properties. Figure 9A The display panel is viewed as shown. In another example, when viewed from the side of the display device 100, for example at a 45-degree angle, as shown... Figure 9B As shown, while the color coordinates in the normal region may not deviate, the color coordinates in the optical region may deviate, which makes one or more colors in the optical region appear different from the corresponding one or more colors in the normal region.

[0296] To address this issue, in some embodiments, the display device according to aspects of this disclosure can provide a technique that prevents color coordinate deviation in the optical region even when the user views the display device 100 from the side by adjusting the ratio between red, green, and blue in an image displayed in the optical region. In embodiments, the adjustment of the ratio between red, green, and blue in the image displayed in the optical region can be achieved by adjusting the brightness of one or more red subpixels, one or more green subpixels, and one or more blue subpixels.

[0297] Figure 10 An example structure of a display controller for a display device 100 according to aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0298] Reference Figure 10 The display controller 240a may include a first calculation circuit 241a, a conversion circuit 242a, and at least one lookup table 243a.

[0299] The first calculation circuit 241a can acquire (i.e., calculate) a modified image signal RGB' by applying an offset and gain corresponding to the viewing angle information to the image signal RGB corresponding to the image. The image signals RGB and RGB' can be digital signals, and the offset and gain can be preset to correspond to the viewing angle information. For example, different offsets and gains can be set for a 0-degree viewing angle (e.g., an example of a user viewing in front of a display panel) and a 45-degree viewing angle (e.g., an example of a user viewing the display panel at a 45-degree angle to the front of the display panel). For example, the first calculation circuit 241a can multiply the image signal RGB by the gain, add the offset to the multiplied value, and then output the modified image signal RGB'.

[0300] The conversion circuit 242a can receive the modified image signal RGB' from the first calculation circuit 241a and output a digital data signal D_Vdata based on the modified image signal RGB'. For example, the conversion circuit 242a can access a lookup table 243a and use the lookup table 243a to convert the modified image signal RGB' into the digital data signal D_Vdata.

[0301] For example, the digital data signal D_Vdata mapped to the modified image signal RGB' can be included in lookup table 243a. The image signals RGB and RGB' can be digital signals including grayscale information, and therefore the digital data signal D_Vdata can be a digital signal including the voltage value of the corresponding grayscale level. The conversion circuit 242a can obtain the digital data signal D_Vdata corresponding to the lookup table 243a of the modified image signal RGB' (e.g., by acquiring the conversion circuit 242a or sending the lookup table 243a).

[0302] When the display controller 240a receives the image signal RGB, it can perform the RGB conversion based on the digital data signal D_Vdata mapped to the image signal and included in the lookup table 243a. According to the above embodiment, when the first calculation circuit 241a outputs the modified image signal RGB', the display controller 240a can convert the image signal RGB into the digital data signal D_Vdata corresponding to the modified image signal RGB'. Therefore, the display controller 240a can obtain and output the digital data signal D_Vdata stored in the lookup table 243a that corresponds to the modified image signal RGB' with viewpoint information.

[0303] The digital data signal D_Vdata can be sent from the display controller 240a to the data driving circuit 220. The data driving circuit 220 can convert the received digital data signal D_Vdata into an analog data signal, and then the converted analog data signal can be sent to one or more pixels P. Since the brightness of the red, green, and blue sub-pixels of each pixel P can be determined by the analog data signal converted from the digital data signal by the data driving circuit 220, and the modified image signal RGB' is obtained based on the viewing angle information, the ratio between red, green, and blue of each pixel can be adjusted.

[0304] Accordingly, deviations in color coordinates based on viewing angle can be corrected, thereby improving the image quality of the display device 100.

[0305] In one embodiment, the display controller 240a may include a memory 245a storing one or more algorithms. Using one or more algorithms, the display controller 240a may detect a user's face based on an image generated by the first optoelectronic device 11, and identify the user's eyes, nose, and mouth based on the detected face. In one embodiment, one or more algorithms may be used to detect the user's gaze. In one embodiment, the display controller 240a may predict the user's gaze.

[0306] For example, an algorithm for detecting a user's face could be the AdaBoost algorithm, based on the AdaBoost classifier. For example, an algorithm for identifying a user's eyes, nose, and mouth could be a facial geometry mapping algorithm. For example, an algorithm for detecting a user's gaze could be a facial pose estimation algorithm.

[0307] The image generated by the first optoelectronic device 11 can be a still image or a video image, and the display controller 240a can use the AdaBoost algorithm based on the AdaBoost classifier to detect facial images of various sizes based on the image sent by the first optoelectronic device 11.

[0308] Facial geometry mapping algorithms can detect the eyes, nose, and mouth, which are salient features of a user's face, to obtain 3D information about the face. These algorithms can set bounding boxes to areas where salient features might be located within the facial region and detect salient features within the bounding boxes.

[0309] Facial pose estimation algorithms can obtain information about three-dimensional salient features based on salient features detected by facial geometric marker algorithms.

[0310] The display controller 240a may include a second computing circuit 244a. The second computing circuit 244a can use user information generated by the first optoelectronic device 11 and a predetermined algorithm to predict the user's position and calculate information about the predicted viewing angle corresponding to the user's predicted position. The second computing circuit 244a can observe individual movements of salient features. In an embodiment, the individual positions of salient features can be tracked independently.

[0311] The algorithm used to predict the viewing angle can be a Kalman filter algorithm. The Kalman filter algorithm can be used to predict the user's state and position based on the current position of the user's pupils and the user's movement speed.

[0312] The display controller 240a can be included in the application processor (AP).

[0313] Figure 11 Another example of a display controller for a display device 100 according to aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0314] Reference Figure 11 The display controller 240b may include multiple lookup tables (242b1, 242b2, 242b3, ..., 242bn) and selection circuit 241b.

[0315] The image signals RGB and digital data signals D-Vdata, which are mapped to each other respectively, can be included in multiple lookup tables (242b1, 242b2, 242b3, ..., 242bn). Each lookup table can include different digital data signals D-Vdata corresponding to the image signals RGB. In an embodiment, the selection circuit 241b can select one of the multiple lookup tables based on the viewing angle information.

[0316] For example, one of the multiple lookup tables (242b1, 242b2, 242b3, ..., 242bn) may include image signals RGB and digital data signals D-Vdata that are mapped to each other and used in a 0-degree viewing angle (e.g., an example where the user is viewing the display panel from the front of the display panel), and another of the multiple lookup tables (242b1, 242b2, 242b3, ..., 242bn) may include image signals RGB and digital data signals D-Vdata that are mapped to each other and used in a 45-degree viewing angle (e.g., an example where the user is viewing the display panel at a 45-degree angle from the front of the display panel).

[0317] The image signal RGB can be a digital signal that includes grayscale information, and therefore the digital data signal D_Vdata can be a digital signal that includes the voltage values ​​of the corresponding grayscale levels.

[0318] Accordingly, the display controller 240b can select one of a plurality of lookup tables (242b1, 242b2, 242b3, ..., 242bn) based on the viewing angle information, and obtain and output a digital data signal corresponding to the image signal from the selected lookup table.

[0319] Digital data signals can be sent to data driving circuit 220 and converted into analog data signals for transmission to one or more pixels. Since the brightness of the red, green, and blue subpixels of each pixel P can be determined by the analog data signals converted from the digital data signals and the image signal is modified based on viewing angle information, the ratio between red, green, and blue in each pixel can be adjusted.

[0320] Therefore, the deviation of the color coordinates of the image displayed on the display device 100 according to the viewing angle can be corrected, thereby improving the image quality of the display device 100.

[0321] In one embodiment, the display controller 240b may include a memory 244b storing one or more algorithms. Using one or more algorithms, the display controller 240b may detect a user's face based on an image generated by the first optoelectronic device 11, and identify the user's eyes, nose, and mouth based on the detected face. In another embodiment, one or more algorithms may be used to detect the user's gaze.

[0322] For example, an algorithm for detecting a user's face could be the AdaBoost algorithm, based on the AdaBoost classifier. For example, an algorithm for identifying a user's eyes, nose, and mouth could be a facial geometry mapping algorithm. For example, an algorithm for detecting a user's gaze could be a facial pose estimation algorithm.

[0323] The image generated by the first optoelectronic device 11 can be a still image or a video image, and the display controller 240b can use the AdaBoost algorithm based on the AdaBoost classifier to detect facial images of various sizes based on the image sent from the first optoelectronic device 11.

[0324] Facial geometrization algorithms can detect the eyes, nose, and mouth—the salient features of a user's face—to obtain 3D information about the face. These algorithms can set bounding boxes to areas within the facial region where salient features might be located, and detect salient features within the bounding boxes.

[0325] Facial pose estimation algorithms can obtain information about three-dimensional salient features based on salient features detected by facial geometric marker algorithms.

[0326] The display controller 240b may include a second computing circuit 243b. The second computing circuit 243b can use user information generated by the first optoelectronic device 11 and a predetermined algorithm to predict the user's position and calculate viewing angle information corresponding to the predicted user position. The second computing circuit 243b can observe individual movements of salient features. In this embodiment, the individual positions of salient features can be tracked independently.

[0327] Figure 12 An example method is shown for adjusting the ratio between red, green and blue in an image in the display controller of a display device 100 according to aspects of this disclosure.

[0328] Reference Figure 12 (a) shows the lookup table used at a 0-degree viewing angle, and (b) shows the lookup table used at a 45-degree viewing angle. Furthermore, (i) represents the red gamma curve, (ii) represents the green gamma curve, and (iii) represents the blue gamma curve. However, the implementation is not limited to this. For example, lookup tables can exist for use at different viewing angles such as 30 degrees, 60 degrees, etc.

[0329] Each of the lookup tables selected at a 0-degree viewing angle (a) and at a 45-degree viewing angle (b) includes multiple sub-tables, and the corresponding digital data signals for red, green, and blue can be stored in multiple sub-tables. The corresponding digital data signals of lookup tables (a) and (b) can be stored such that different values ​​are stored in the same sub-table. One of the multiple sub-tables can be selected based on the image signal, and the same sub-table can be selected for the same image signal.

[0330] In the example of selecting the second sub-table Tab2 for an image signal, one of the lookup tables ((a) and (b)) can be selected based on different viewing angles. When the red, green, and blue digital data signals stored in the second sub-table Tab2 of lookup table (a) are 110, 140, and 160 respectively, the red, green, and blue digital data signals stored in the second sub-table Tab2 of lookup table (b) are 108, 140, and 164 respectively. Therefore, even when the same image signal is transmitted and the second sub-table Tab2 is selected accordingly, the selected red, green, and blue digital data signals can have different values ​​because the lookup table (a) or lookup table (b) is selected first based on the viewing angle.

[0331] Therefore, as Figure 12 As shown in gamma curves (i) and (iii), it can be seen that the red and blue gamma curves change depending on the viewing angle. Although Figure 12(ii) The gamma curve shows that the green gamma curve does not change, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the green gamma curve may also change according to a different viewing angle.

[0332] Figure 13A and Figure 13B An example technique for predicting the viewing angle in a display device 100 according to aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0333] exist Figure 13A and Figure 13B The example shown has a driving frequency of 30Hz for the first optical electronic device and a driving frequency of 60Hz for the display device 100. However, this is only one possible example. Therefore, it is also possible to implement examples where the driving frequency of the display device 100 is much higher than the driving frequency of the first optical electronic device 11 compared to the example described above.

[0334] like Figure 13A As shown, since the display device 100 is driven twice as fast as the first optoelectronic device 11, the first optoelectronic device 11 can acquire and provide user information in the first, third, and fifth frames of the display device 100.

[0335] Furthermore, since the user's viewing angle is detected using user information such as information about the user's position detected by the first optical electronic device 11 in the first, third, and fifth frames in the second, fourth, and sixth frames, errors may occur in the detection of the user's viewing angle.

[0336] The display controller (240a or 240b) can select a first lookup table LUT1 in the first frame 1F and the second frame 2F, and a third lookup table LUT3 in the third frame 3F and the fourth frame 4F, and a fifth lookup table LUT5 in the fifth frame 5F and the sixth frame 6F.

[0337] As a result, the lookup table selected in the second frame 2F, the fourth frame 4F, and the sixth frame 6F may not correspond to the gaze of the corresponding user, and consequently, the corresponding color coordinates in the optical region OA may be deviated.

[0338] On the contrary, such as Figure 13B As shown, the location of the corresponding user can be predicted in the first frame 1F, the third frame 3F, and the fifth frame 5F. Furthermore, the location of the corresponding user in the second frame 2F and the fourth frame 4F can be predicted using either the value obtained by averaging the values ​​or data detected in the first frame 1F and the third frame 3F, or the value obtained by averaging the values ​​or data detected in the third frame 3F and the fifth frame 5F. Additionally, the user's location in the sixth frame 6F can be predicted in the same manner, and user information including the user's location can be output.

[0339] The lookup table can be selected based on the predicted position, and for example, the first lookup table, the second lookup table, the third lookup table, the fourth lookup table, the fifth lookup table, and the sixth lookup table (LUT1, LUT2, LUT3, LUT4, LUT5, and LUT6) can be selected respectively in the first frame, the second frame, the third frame, the fourth frame, the fifth frame, and the sixth frame (1F, 2F, 3F, 4F, 5F, and 6F).

[0340] according to Figure 13B Examples, with Figure 13A Compared to the previous example, viewpoint detection can be performed more accurately, thereby reducing or preventing deviations in color coordinates.

[0341] Figure 14 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for driving a display device 100 according to aspects of this disclosure.

[0342] Reference Figure 14 Display devices (e.g., Figure 2 The display device 100 may include a display area DA and a non-display area NDA, wherein the display area DA includes an optical area OA and a normal area NA. The optical area OA may have a higher light transmittance than the normal area NA.

[0343] The optical region OA can be at least one of the following regions: a region where the number of pixels per unit area is less than the number of pixels per unit area in the normal region, a region where no cathode electrode is provided, a region where at least one horizontal line in the horizontal direction or at least one vertical line in the vertical direction avoids when passing through the display area, and a region where the size of the pixels is smaller than the size of the pixels in the normal region.

[0344] The processes for forming optical regions OA and ordinary regions NA in a display panel can differ from each other. For example, optical region OA may include a transmissive region to increase light transmittance, while ordinary region NA may not include a transmissive region. Therefore, the corresponding number of pixels per unit area in these regions can differ from each other. In an embodiment, at least one of the horizontal lines HL1 and HL2 arranged along the horizontal direction of the display panel and the vertical lines VLn, VL1, and VL2 arranged along the vertical direction of the display panel can bypass optical region OA. In an embodiment, at least one of the horizontal lines HL1 and HL2 and the vertical lines VLn, VL1, and VL2 can bypass at least one transmissive region of optical region OA. Horizontal lines HL1 and HL2 can be gate lines, and vertical lines VLn, VL1, and VL2 can be data lines and power lines. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0345] In this embodiment, since the cathode electrode is not disposed in the transmission region of the optical region OA to increase light transmittance, the electrode disposed in the optical region OA, which includes the transmission region, can be different from the electrode disposed in the ordinary region, which does not include the transmission region. In this embodiment, the size of the pixel disposed in the optical region OA can be reduced, and the transmission region can be disposed between the pixels.

[0346] Due to the differences between the various processes described above, the optical region OA and the normal region NA can have different optical characteristics. In an embodiment where optical compensation is performed based on an image captured in front of the display device 100, the corresponding color coordinates in the optical and normal regions viewed from in front of the display device 100 can remain consistent; therefore, as... Figure 9A As shown, the color difference between the optical region OA and the normal region NA in the display panel 110 can be eliminated. In another example, when viewed from the side of the display device 100 at, for example, a 45-degree angle, although the color coordinates in the normal region may not deviate, the color coordinates in the optical region may differ from those in the normal region due to the different optical characteristics of the optical region. Therefore, as shown... Figure 9B As shown, a color difference may occur between the optical area OA and the normal area NA in the display panel 110.

[0347] The display device 100 may include a first optical electronic device 11 disposed in a region overlapping with the optical region OA. The first optical electronic device 11 may be disposed in the region overlapping with the optical region OA, and therefore, the reduction in the amount of light received by the first optical electronic device 11 is minimized because it is located below or in the lower part of the display panel 110. The first optical electronic device 11 may be a camera. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0348] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a method for driving the display device 100 may include generating user information in step S1400. The user information may be generated and provided by a first optoelectronic device 11. The user information may include images of users viewing the display device 100 or using electronic devices connected to the display device 100, obtained by the first optoelectronic device 11.

[0349] In an implementation, in step S1410, information about the viewing angle from which a user can view the image on the display panel 110 in an acceptable manner can be generated based on user information. The display device 100 can acquire the viewing angle information using one or more predetermined algorithms based on the user information. The user's face can be detected based on the user information, and furthermore, the eyes, nose, and mouth of the detected user's face can be identified using one or more algorithms. In an implementation, one or more algorithms can be used to detect the user's gaze.

[0350] For example, an algorithm for detecting a user's face could be the AdaBoost algorithm, based on the AdaBoost classifier. For example, an algorithm for identifying a user's eyes, nose, and mouth could be a facial geometry mapping algorithm. For example, an algorithm for detecting a user's gaze could be a facial pose estimation algorithm.

[0351] The image generated by the first optoelectronic device 11 can be a still image or a video image.

[0352] Facial geometrization algorithms can detect the eyes, nose, and mouth—the salient features of a user's face—to obtain 3D information about the face. These algorithms can set bounding boxes to areas within the facial region where salient features might be located, and detect salient features within the bounding boxes.

[0353] Facial pose estimation algorithms can obtain information about three-dimensional salient features based on salient features detected by facial geometric marker algorithms.

[0354] User location can be predicted using user information and one or more predefined algorithms, and viewpoint information corresponding to the predicted user location can be generated. In one implementation, user location prediction can be performed by observing the corresponding movement of salient features on the user's face. In another implementation, the corresponding positions of salient features can be tracked independently. The predefined algorithm for predicting the viewpoint can be a Kalman filter algorithm. The Kalman filter algorithm can be used to predict the user's state and location based on the current position of the user's pupils and the user's movement speed.

[0355] The display device 100 may include a display controller (240a or 240b). The display controller (240a or 240b) may store one or more predetermined algorithms and use user information sent from the first optoelectronic device 11 to obtain information about the user's viewing angle and information about the predicted viewing angle.

[0356] In the implementation, in the step of generating viewpoint information, user information and one or more predetermined algorithms can be used to predict the user's position, and information about the predicted viewpoint can be generated based on the predicted user's position.

[0357] It is possible to obtain predicted viewpoint information, so that based on the first viewpoint information obtained at the first time and the predicted second viewpoint information obtained at the second time using a predetermined algorithm, predicted third viewpoint information obtained by averaging the first viewpoint information and the second viewpoint information can be obtained.

[0358] In an implementation, when an image is displayed on the display panel 110, in step S1420, the ratio between red, green and blue of the image displayed in the optical area can be adjusted by adjusting the brightness of the pixels located in the optical area of ​​the display panel 110 based on viewing angle information.

[0359] By obtaining a modified image signal by applying an offset and gain corresponding to the viewpoint information to the image signal corresponding to the image, and mapping the modified image signal to the corresponding digital data signal, the ratio between red, green, and blue in the image displayed in the optical region can be adjusted. In an embodiment, the adjustment of the ratio between the colors of the displayed image can be achieved by providing multiple lookup tables configured to store digital data signals and selecting one of the multiple lookup tables based on the viewpoint information.

[0360] The above description is provided to enable those skilled in the art to make, use, and practice the technical features of the invention, and is given as an example in the context of a particular application and its requirements. Various modifications, additions, and substitutions to the described embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the scope of the invention. The above description and drawings provide examples of the technical features of the invention for illustrative purposes only. That is, the disclosed embodiments are intended to illustrate the scope of the technical features of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments, but conforms to the widest scope consistent with the claims. The scope of protection of the invention should be interpreted based on the following claims, and all technical ideas within their equivalents should be interpreted as being included within the scope of the invention.

[0361] Cross-references to related applications

[0362] This patent application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0180432, filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office on December 16, 2021, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Claims

1. A display apparatus comprising: a display panel including a display area provided with an optical area and a normal area, and a non-display area; a first optical electronic device disposed to overlap the optical area and configured to generate user information; and a display controller configured to acquire viewing angle information about a viewing angle of viewing an image on the display panel based on the user information generated by the first optical electronic device, and adjust a ratio between red, green, and blue in an image displayed in the optical area among images displayed in the display area based on the acquired viewing angle information, wherein the ratio between red, green, and blue in an image displayed in the normal area is not adjusted when the image on the display panel is viewed by a user from a side of the display apparatus.

2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The display controller includes: a first computing circuit configured to acquire a modified image signal by applying an offset and a gain corresponding to the viewing angle information to an image signal corresponding to the image; a lookup table including a digital data signal mapped to the modified image signal; and a conversion circuit configured to receive the modified image signal and convert the modified image signal to the digital data signal of the lookup table.

3. The display device according to claim 2, wherein The display controller includes: a memory for storing one or more algorithms; and a second computing circuit configured to predict a position of a user using the user information generated by the first optical electronic device and the one or more algorithms, and acquire the viewing angle information based on the predicted position of the user.

4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The display controller includes: a plurality of lookup tables including image signals and digital data signals respectively mapped to each other; and a selection circuit configured to select one of the plurality of lookup tables based on the viewing angle information.

5. The display device of claim 4, wherein, The plurality of lookup tables includes at least a lookup table used at a 0-degree viewing angle and a lookup table used at a 45-degree viewing angle.

6. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The display controller includes: a memory for storing one or more algorithms; a computing circuit configured to predict a position of a user using the user information generated by the first optical electronic device and the one or more algorithms, and acquire predicted viewing angle information based on the position of the user; a plurality of lookup tables including image signals and digital data signals respectively mapped to each other; and a selection circuit configured to select one of the plurality of lookup tables based on the predicted viewing angle information acquired by the computing circuit.

7. The display device of claim 6, wherein, The computing circuitry is configured to obtain predicted third viewing angle information at a third time between the first time and the second time by averaging the predicted first viewing angle information obtained at the first time using the one or more algorithms and the predicted second viewing angle information obtained at the second time using the one or more algorithms.

8. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The optical area includes at least one of an area in which the number of pixels per unit area is less than the number of pixels per unit area in the normal area, an area in which a cathode electrode is not provided, an area in which at least one horizontal line provided in a horizontal direction or at least one vertical line provided in a vertical direction is not provided, and an area in which the size of a pixel is smaller than the size of a pixel in the normal area.

9. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The display area further includes a second optical area; and The display controller is configured to further adjust the ratio between red, green, and blue in the image displayed in the second optical area based on the obtained viewing angle information. 10.The display device of claim 9, further comprising a second optical electronic device disposed to overlap with the second optical area, wherein, The second optical electronic device is at least one of a camera, a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, and an infrared sensor.

11. The display device of claim 9, wherein, The second optical area has the same optical properties as the optical area.

12. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The driving frequency of the first optical electronic device is less than the driving frequency of the display device, and The first optical electronic device generates the user information at a non-continuous frame of the display device.

13. The display device of claim 12, wherein, The predicted viewing angle information at a frame between the non-continuous frames is obtained by averaging the predicted viewing angle information at the non-continuous frames adjacent to the frame between the non-continuous frames.

14. The display device of claim 1, wherein, The user information is a still image or a video image obtained by capturing a user.

15. A method of driving a display device, the display device comprising a display panel, the display panel comprising: a display area including an optical area and a normal area; and a non-display area, the method comprising the steps of: generating user information using image information provided by a first optical electronic device disposed to overlap with the optical area; generating viewing angle information regarding a viewing angle of viewing an image on the display panel based on the user information; and adjusting a ratio between red, green, and blue in the image displayed in the optical area by adjusting luminance of pixels existing in the optical area of the display panel based on the viewing angle information while displaying the image on the display panel, wherein a ratio between red, green, and blue in the image displayed in the normal area is not adjusted when the image on the display panel is viewed by a user from a side of the display device.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein, The adjustment of the ratio between red, green, and blue in the image displayed in the optical area is performed by obtaining a modified image signal by applying an offset and a gain corresponding to the viewing angle information to an image signal corresponding to the image and mapping the modified image signal to a corresponding digital data signal.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein, The step of adjusting the ratio between red, green, and blue in the image displayed in the optical area includes selecting one of a plurality of lookup tables configured to store digital data signals based on the viewing angle information.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein, The step of generating the viewing angle information includes predicting a position of a user using the user information and one or more algorithms, and generating predicted viewing angle information based on the predicted position of the user.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein, The generation of the predicted viewing angle information is performed by acquiring, based on the predicted first viewing angle information acquired at the first time using the one or more algorithms and the predicted second viewing angle information acquired at the second time using the one or more algorithms, predicted third viewing angle information at a third time between the first time and the second time obtained by averaging the predicted first viewing angle information and the predicted second viewing angle information.

20. The method of claim 15, wherein, The optical area includes at least one of an area in which the number of pixels per unit area is less than the number of pixels per unit area in the normal area, an area in which a cathode electrode is not provided, an area in which at least one horizontal line provided in a horizontal direction or at least one vertical line provided in a vertical direction is avoided when passing through the display area, and an area in which the size of a pixel is smaller than the size of a pixel in the normal area.

Images