Planting process of high-sugar tomato

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of tomatoes, and particularly relates to a planting process of high-sugar tomatoes, which comprises the following steps: seed cleaning: selected excellent tomato seeds are rubbed, dried, and then soaked in a nutrient soaking solution; seedling management: tomato seedlings are obtained; planting treatment: when the tomato seedlings in the seedling tray grow to 15-20 cm, the seedling tray is placed in a field and a layer of soil containing fertilizer is laid; disease and pest control: after the plants grow to a height of 40-50 cm after planting, all flower buds are removed, main branches and first-order lateral branches are reserved for scaffolding, and regular disinfection is performed; picking. The application solves the problem of the difficulty in planting high-sugar tomatoes, forms a seedling system with both air permeability and nutrition by using a seedling tray with substrate blocks, improves the full absorption of nutrient substances by tomatoes in the growth process, and realizes the sustained provision of fertilizer by combining the use of rapeseed oil extraction residues and high-sugar tomato special fertilizer, so that the sugar content and other nutrient components of tomatoes are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tomato technology, specifically relating to a cultivation process for high-sugar tomatoes. Background Technology

[0002] Tomatoes are one of the main cultivated vegetables in greenhouses in northern China, possessing high scientific research and economic value. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the demand for greenhouse vegetables from urban and rural residents has shifted from quantity-oriented to quality-oriented. Therefore, high-sugar tomatoes have become popular in the high-end market. However, currently, domestically grown tomatoes using substrate cultivation generally have low sweetness, and high-sugar tomatoes are limited by environmental factors such as soil and water, resulting in high costs and unstable quality, making it difficult to meet market demand. Therefore, the market urgently needs a substrate-based cultivation technology for high-sugar tomatoes. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems in existing technologies, this invention provides a cultivation process for high-sugar tomatoes, solving the difficulties in cultivating them. It utilizes seedling trays with substrate blocks to form a seedling system that is both breathable and nutritious, improving the tomatoes' ability to fully absorb nutrients during growth. Combined with rapeseed oil extraction residue and a special fertilizer for high-sugar tomatoes, a slow-release structure is formed, ensuring fertility and providing continuous fertilizer supply, thereby increasing the sugar content and other nutrient content of the tomatoes.

[0004] To achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A cultivation technique for high-sugar tomatoes, including:

[0006] Step 1, Seed cleaning: Select high-quality tomato seeds are rubbed and sun-dried for 5-7 hours, then soaked in nutrient solution, and then taken out and dried; the nutrient solution is a mixture of compound fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the mass ratio of compound fertilizer to potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 4:1-2, and the concentration of compound fertilizer in the nutrient solution is 10-20g / L.

[0007] Step 2, seedling management: Mix the soaked seeds with nutrient soil and spread them evenly on the seedling tray. Cover the surface with substrate blocks, and then cover the substrate blocks with a nutrient film. Spread nutrient soil evenly on the nutrient film. Water once every ten days. After 15-20 days of seedling cultivation, tomato seedlings will be obtained. The bottom of the seedbed is covered with a plastic film, and the plastic film is polyethylene plastic film. The mass ratio of seeds to nutrient soil is 1:20-30.

[0008] Step 3, Transplanting Treatment: When the tomato seedlings in the seedling trays grow to 15-20cm, place the seedling trays in the field and cover the surface with a layer of soil containing fertilizer. The soil should be loose, fertile, and have strong water and fertilizer retention capacity. The fertilizer should contain rapeseed oil extraction residue. The fertilizer composition includes: 20-40 parts rapeseed oil extraction residue, 10-20 parts compound fertilizer, 5-10 parts humic acid, 10-20 parts waste mushroom residue, 20-30 parts seabed mud, 5-10 parts sodium polyacrylate, 10-20 parts distilled water, and 4-8 parts high-sugar tomato-specific fertilizer. The preparation method includes: adding waste mushroom residue, rapeseed oil extraction residue, high-sugar tomato-specific fertilizer, compound fertilizer, and humic acid to distilled water and stirring evenly. Then, seabed mud and sodium polyacrylate are added in sequence and stirred to form a viscous colloidal structure. Finally, after cooling and solidification, the mixture is crushed into waste particles. After transplanting, apply 200-300g / cm³ of the above-mentioned fertilizer per acre. 2 Apply water;

[0009] Step 4, Pest and Disease Control: After the transplanted plants reach a height of 40-50cm, remove all flower buds, retaining only the main branches and primary lateral branches for trellising. The trellising material should be bamboo poles, 150cm high, in an A-frame shape. Apply 400-500g / cm² of fertilizer containing rapeseed oil extraction residue per acre. 2 Water the plants and spray them with ozone water every 5-7 days for sterilization and disinfection.

[0010] Step 5, Harvesting: Harvest the tomatoes when they are ripe.

[0011] The nutrient soil in step 2 is composed of granular nutrient soil and powdered nutrient soil, with a mass ratio of granular nutrient soil to powdered nutrient soil of 1:2-3. The powdered nutrient soil is evenly dispersed into the gaps between the granular nutrient soil, forming a loose, fully covered structure. In this loose nutrient soil system, there is sufficient space for seed germination and seedling growth. The thickness of the nutrient soil and seeds spread evenly is 0.5-1.0 mm.

[0012] The powdered nutrient soil has the following mass ratio: 20-40 parts vermiculite, 12-15 parts peat moss, 2-3 parts tourmaline, 0.2-0.4 parts straw compost, and 1-3 parts perlite. The tourmaline is encapsulated in a silica-oxygen shell with micropores on its surface. The tourmaline in the powdered nutrient soil is finely powdered and easily encapsulated by other materials, preventing the release of negative ions from the tourmaline. To solve this problem, a microporous silica-oxygen shell is formed on the surface of the tourmaline. This shell can prevent other materials from encapsulating the tourmaline, effectively reducing the binding force between other materials and the tourmaline, and using microporous channels to form a stable negative ion release channel, promoting the growth of seedlings with negative ions.The method for preparing the silica-coated tourmaline includes: a1, stirring tourmaline in ethanol and ball milling for 10-20 minutes to form a fine powder slurry, followed by filtration and drying to obtain fine tourmaline powder; the mass ratio of tourmaline to ethanol is 3-5:1, the stirring speed is 100-200 r / min, the ball milling temperature is 10-20℃, the pressure is 0.3-0.5 MPa, and the drying temperature is 80-90℃; this step utilizes the insoluble properties of ethanol on tourmaline to achieve a wet ball milling effect, finely pulverizing the tourmaline, while ethanol washes out impurities, purifying the tourmaline, and removing impurities and ethanol during filtration and drying. After purification, relatively clean tourmaline fine powder is obtained; a2, the tourmaline fine powder is added to the middle section of the reactor, silane vapor is introduced and allowed to stand for 10-30 minutes, then cooled and the tourmaline fine powder is removed to obtain coated tourmaline fine powder; the atmosphere of the reactor is a nitrogen atmosphere, the silane vapor is methyltrichlorosilane vapor, and the temperature is 70-75℃, the introduction rate is 5-10mL / min, the standing pressure is 0.18-0.23MPa, and the temperature is 70-72℃; the cooling temperature is 20-30 minutes. This step utilizes the boiling point characteristics of methyltrichlorosilane to form a vapor state at an environment not lower than 70℃. The steam is then introduced into the reactor. At this point, the tourmaline powder, due to its own adsorption properties, will adsorb some methyltrichlorosilane onto its surface, forming a surface adsorption layer. Once the adsorption is saturated, the temperature is lowered, and the methyltrichlorosilane vapor adsorbed on the surface is converted into liquid methyltrichlorosilane, i.e., a stable liquid film encapsulation structure is formed on the tourmaline surface. Excess methyltrichlorosilane settles to the bottom of the reactor and does not form surface adhesion. Next, the coated tourmaline powder is sprayed into the reactor and then heated for 20-30 minutes to obtain silicon-oxygen modified tourmaline. The spraying speed is 5-10 g / min, and the atmosphere inside the reactor is nitrogen and water vapor. The mixture is set in a mixed atmosphere with a nitrogen to water vapor volume ratio of 10-15:1, a pressure of 0.13-0.15 MPa, and a temperature of 50-60°C. The temperature of the heating treatment is 85-88°C. The coated tourmaline is sprayed into a reactor containing a water vapor atmosphere. The water vapor in the reactor reacts rapidly with the methyltrichlorosilane on the surface of the tourmaline to form methyltrihydroxysilane. During the heating treatment, a condensation reaction occurs, forming a three-dimensional silicon-oxygen shell on the surface of the tourmaline. The molecular voids formed by the condensation do not affect the release of negative ions from the tourmaline. That is, the void structure can serve as a negative ion release channel and will not block the negative ions.This powdered nutrient soil, based on the presence of tourmaline, can release negative ions, improving root absorption and promoting rapid absorption of straw compost. Simultaneously, vermiculite itself is absorbent, expanding rapidly during watering and opening internal water channels. The negative ions combine with water to form a negative ion system with water molecules, exhibiting antibacterial properties. This effectively addresses the growth of microorganisms within the straw compost, ensuring the stability of the powdered nutrient soil. Furthermore, the porous structure of the expanded vermiculite provides water channels for the formation of tourmaline negative ions, reducing clogging issues.

[0013] The preparation method of the granular nutrient soil includes: b1, mixing soil containing microorganisms and straw compost evenly to form a mixture, and adding sodium polyacrylate and distilled water and mixing evenly to form a slurry. The mass ratio of soil to straw compost is 1:2-4, the amount of sodium polyacrylate added is 50-70% of the mass of straw compost, and the amount of distilled water added is 6-10% of the mass of straw compost. This step utilizes a blending method to blend the soil and straw compost, providing microorganisms for the straw compost and improving the quality of the compost. The fertility release rate of straw compost helps the roots absorb the straw compost; b2, vermiculite and peat moss are added to a viscous liquid and stirred evenly, and then granulated to form granular nutrient soil. The mass ratio of vermiculite to peat moss is 2-3:1, and the amount of vermiculite added is 50-60% of the mass of sodium polyacrylate; the stirring speed is 100-300 r / min; in this step, vermiculite and peat moss are added to the viscous liquid as fillers and crosslinked to form solid granules under the adhesive force of sodium polyacrylate. In this granular nutrient soil, the microorganisms in the soil can not only release fertilizer from straw compost to provide sufficient nutrients for seeds, but also degrade sodium polyacrylate to form carbonaceous materials, thereby improving fertility. At the same time, vermiculite can form a water-absorbing and swelling structure with sodium polyacrylate, ensuring the stability of the internal pore structure of the granular nutrient soil. Meanwhile, the negative ion system formed by tourmaline in the powdered nutrient soil can penetrate into the granular nutrient soil, creating a restrictive effect on microorganisms. When the concentration of negative ions is extremely low, the microorganisms can be influenced by negative ions and their efficiency is improved. When the concentration of negative ions reaches a certain level, the negative ions can kill the microorganisms and use their corpses as fertilizer.

[0014] The matrix block uses vermiculite-based porous material, and its preparation method includes the following steps: c1, mixing vermiculite and peat moss evenly to form a mixture, then adding perlite and volcanic rock powder, and grinding to obtain a fine powder mixture. The amount of peat moss added is 20-40% of the vermiculite, the amount of perlite added is 8% of the vermiculite, and the amount of volcanic rock powder added is 10-15% of the vermiculite. The grinding pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa, and the temperature is 10-20℃. This step uses grinding to mix vermiculite with peat moss, perlite, and volcanic rock powder to form a uniform mixture, and disperses the vermiculite throughout the system; c2, adding sodium polyacrylate and ammonium bicarbonate to the mixture. The mixture is thoroughly stirred and pressed into blocks, then subjected to constant temperature and static treatment for 2-4 hours to obtain a porous matrix block. The amount of sodium polyacrylate added is 10-15% of the mass of vermiculite, and the amount of ammonium bicarbonate added is 40-70% of the mass of vermiculite. The stirring speed is 200-500 r / min, the pressing pressure is 2-5 MPa, and the constant temperature and static treatment temperature is 100-130℃. In this step, sodium polyacrylate and ammonium bicarbonate are mixed and formed into a block structure by pressing. During the static treatment, ammonium bicarbonate decomposes, and water molecules are absorbed by sodium polyacrylate to form a viscous system, ensuring the stability of the entire structure and maintaining the microporous structure of the matrix. The matrix block prepared by this process can utilize vermiculite and sodium polyacrylate to form an organic-inorganic absorption system, and after expansion, it forms a multidimensional porous structure, ensuring permeability from top to bottom. The substrate block measures 10cm*5cm*3cm. After absorbing water, the substrate block forms a slow-release structure, and during the release process, fertilizer is released slowly without affecting the penetration of seedling roots within the substrate block.

[0015] The mass ratio of the nutrient membrane includes: 10-20 parts gellan gum, 20-30 parts polyacrylic acid, 5-10 parts distilled water, 10-15 parts humic acid, 5-10 parts peat moss, 2-4 parts urea, and 1-3 parts ferrous sulfate. The preparation method of the nutrient membrane includes: d1, adding gellan gum to distilled water and stirring evenly to obtain a gel solution, the stirring speed being 100-200 r / min; d2, stirring humic acid, peat moss, urea, and ferrous sulfate to form a mixed solid, then adding it to the gel solution and stirring evenly to form a viscous colloid; the stirring speed being 200-500 r / min; d3, adding polyacrylic acid to the viscous colloid and stirring evenly to form a mixed slurry, and then spinning the mixed slurry at low temperature to form a fiber membrane, the low-temperature spinning temperature being 2-8℃, the spinning voltage being 10-20 kV, and the pushing distance being 20-40 cm.

[0016] The thickness of the nutrient soil on the nutrient film is 0.5-2cm. The nutrient soil on the surface of the nutrient film can allow some fertilizer to penetrate downwards, achieving slow dilution of fertilizer. At the same time, the negative ions from tourmaline form an antibacterial barrier, reducing disease contamination.

[0017] As can be seen from the above description, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0018] 1. This invention solves the problem of difficult cultivation of high-sugar tomatoes. It utilizes seedling trays with substrate blocks to form a seedling system that is both breathable and nutritious, improving the tomatoes' ability to fully absorb nutrients during growth. Combined with the use of rapeseed oil extraction residue and high-sugar tomato-specific fertilizer, a slow-release structure is formed to ensure fertility and continuously provide fertilizer, thereby increasing the sugar content and other nutrient components of tomatoes.

[0019] 2. This invention utilizes a seedling tray for directional transplanting, combined with the integration of substrate blocks with the seedling roots during seedling cultivation. This not only reduces root damage and improves the survival rate of tomato seedlings, but also allows the composite substrate at the bottom of the seedlings to form an adsorption system, enhancing the adsorption effect of fertilizers. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments, but the claims of the present invention are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] A cultivation technique for high-sugar tomatoes, including:

[0023] Step 1, Seed cleaning: The selected high-quality tomato seeds are rubbed and sun-dried for 5 hours, then soaked in a nutrient solution, and then taken out and dried. The nutrient solution is a mixture of compound fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, with a mass ratio of compound fertilizer to potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 4:1, and the concentration of compound fertilizer in the nutrient solution is 10g / L.

[0024] Step 2, seedling management: Mix the soaked seeds with nutrient soil and spread them evenly on the seedling tray. Cover the surface with substrate blocks, and then cover the substrate blocks with a nutrient film. Then spread nutrient soil evenly on the nutrient film. Water once every ten days. After 15 days of seedling cultivation, tomato seedlings will be obtained. The bottom of the seedbed is covered with a plastic film, and the plastic film is polyethylene plastic film. The mass ratio of seeds to nutrient soil is 1:20.

[0025] The nutrient soil in step 2 is composed of granular nutrient soil and powdered nutrient soil, with a mass ratio of granular nutrient soil to powdered nutrient soil of 1:2. The powdered nutrient soil is evenly dispersed into the gaps between the granular nutrient soil to form a loosely covered structure. The thickness of the culture soil and seeds spread evenly is 0.5 mm.

[0026] The powdered nutrient soil has the following mass ratio: 20 parts vermiculite, 12 parts peat moss, 2 parts tourmaline, 0.2 parts straw compost, and 1 part perlite. The tourmaline is coated with silica using a microporous surface. The preparation method of the silica-coated tourmaline includes: a1, stirring the tourmaline in ethanol and ball milling it for 10 minutes to form a fine powder slurry, which is then filtered and dried to obtain fine tourmaline powder; the mass ratio of tourmaline to ethanol is 3:1, the stirring speed is 100 r / min, the ball milling temperature is 10℃, the pressure is 0.3 MPa, and the drying temperature is 80℃; a2, adding the fine tourmaline powder to the middle section of the reactor, introducing silane vapor and letting it stand for 10 minutes, then cooling and... Tourmaline fine powder is removed to obtain coated tourmaline fine powder; the atmosphere of the reactor is a nitrogen atmosphere, the silane vapor is methyltrichlorosilane vapor, the temperature is 70℃, the injection rate is 5mL / min, the static pressure is 0.18MPa, and the temperature is 70℃; the cooling temperature is 20min; a3, the coated tourmaline fine powder is sprayed into the reactor, and then heated for 20min to obtain silicon-oxygen modified tourmaline, the spraying rate is 5g / min, the atmosphere in the reactor is a mixed atmosphere of nitrogen and water vapor, and the volume ratio of nitrogen to water vapor is 10:1, the pressure is 0.13MPa, the temperature is 50℃, and the heating treatment temperature is 85℃.

[0027] The preparation method of the granular nutrient soil includes: b1, mixing soil containing microorganisms and straw compost evenly to form a mixture, and adding sodium polyacrylate and distilled water and mixing evenly to form a slurry, wherein the mass ratio of soil to straw compost is 1:2, the amount of sodium polyacrylate added is 50% of the mass of straw compost, and the amount of distilled water added is 6% of the mass of straw compost; b2, adding vermiculite and peat moss to the viscous liquid and mixing evenly, and then granulating to form granules to obtain granular nutrient soil, wherein the mass ratio of vermiculite to peat moss is 2:1, and the amount of vermiculite added is 50% of the mass of sodium polyacrylate; the stirring speed is 100 r / min.

[0028] The matrix block is made of vermiculite-based porous material, and its preparation method includes the following steps: c1, mixing vermiculite and peat moss evenly to form a mixture, then adding perlite and volcanic rock powder, and grinding to obtain a fine powder mixture. The amount of peat moss added is 20% of the vermiculite, the amount of perlite added is 8% of the vermiculite, and the amount of volcanic rock powder added is 10% of the vermiculite. The grinding pressure is 0.2 MPa, and the temperature is 10℃; c2, adding sodium polyacrylate and ammonium bicarbonate to the mixture and stirring thoroughly, then pressing to form a block, and allowing it to stand at a constant temperature for 2 hours to obtain a porous matrix block. The amount of sodium polyacrylate added is 10% of the mass of vermiculite, and the amount of ammonium bicarbonate added is 40% of the mass of vermiculite. The stirring speed is 200 r / min, the pressing pressure is 2 MPa, and the constant temperature standing temperature is 100℃. The size of the matrix block is 10cm*5cm*3cm.

[0029] The mass ratio of the nutrient membrane includes: 10 parts gellan gum, 20 parts polyacrylic acid, 5 parts distilled water, 10 parts humic acid, 5 parts peat moss, 2 parts urea, and 1 part ferrous sulfate. The preparation method of the nutrient membrane includes: d1, adding gellan gum to distilled water and stirring evenly to obtain a gel solution, the stirring speed being 100 r / min; d2, stirring humic acid, peat moss, urea, and ferrous sulfate to form a mixed solid, then adding it to the gel solution and stirring evenly to form a viscous colloid; the stirring speed being 200 r / min; d3, adding polyacrylic acid to the viscous colloid and stirring evenly to form a mixed slurry, and then spinning the mixed slurry at low temperature to form a fiber membrane, the low-temperature spinning temperature being 2℃, the spinning voltage being 10kV, and the pushing distance being 20cm.

[0030] The thickness of the nutrient soil on the nutrient film is 0.5 cm.

[0031] Step 3, Transplanting Treatment: When the tomato seedlings in the seedling trays reach 15cm in height, place the seedling trays in the field and cover the surface with a 10mm layer of fertilized soil. The soil should be loose, fertile, and have good water and fertilizer retention. The fertilizer should contain rapeseed oil extraction residue, and its mass ratio includes: 20 parts rapeseed oil extraction residue, 10 parts compound fertilizer, 5 parts humic acid, 10 parts waste mushroom residue, 20 parts seabed mud, 5 parts sodium polyacrylate, 10 parts distilled water, and 4 parts high-sugar tomato-specific fertilizer. The preparation method involves adding waste mushroom residue, rapeseed oil extraction residue, high-sugar tomato-specific fertilizer, compound fertilizer, and humic acid to distilled water and stirring until homogeneous. Then, seabed mud and sodium polyacrylate are added sequentially and stirred to form a viscous colloidal structure. Finally, after cooling and solidification, the mixture is broken down into waste particles. After transplanting, apply 200g / cm³ of the above fertilizer per acre. 2 Apply water;

[0032] Step 4, Pest and Disease Control: After the transplanted plants reach a height of 40-50cm, remove all flower buds, retaining only the main branches and primary lateral branches for trellising. The trellising material should be bamboo poles, 150cm high, in an A-frame shape. Apply 400g / cm² of fertilizer containing rapeseed oil extraction residue per acre. 2 Water the plants and spray them with ozone water every 5-7 days for sterilization and disinfection.

[0033] Step 5, Harvesting: Harvest the tomatoes when they are ripe.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] A cultivation technique for high-sugar tomatoes, including:

[0036] Step 1, Seed cleaning: The selected high-quality tomato seeds are rubbed and sun-dried for 5-7 hours, then soaked in a nutrient soaking solution, and then taken out and dried. The nutrient solution is a mixture of compound fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, with a mass ratio of compound fertilizer to potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 4:2, and the concentration of compound fertilizer in the nutrient soaking solution is 20g / L.

[0037] Step 2, seedling management: Mix the soaked seeds with nutrient soil and spread them evenly on the seedling tray. Cover the surface with substrate blocks, and then cover the substrate blocks with a nutrient film. Then spread nutrient soil evenly on the nutrient film. Water once every ten days. After 20 days of seedling cultivation, tomato seedlings will be obtained. The bottom of the seedbed is covered with a plastic film, and the plastic film is polyethylene plastic film. The mass ratio of seeds to nutrient soil is 1:30.

[0038] The nutrient soil in step 2 is composed of granular nutrient soil and powdered nutrient soil, with a mass ratio of granular nutrient soil to powdered nutrient soil of 1:3. The powdered nutrient soil is evenly dispersed into the gaps between the granular nutrient soil to form a loosely covered structure. The thickness of the culture soil and seeds spread evenly is 1.0 mm.

[0039] The powdered nutrient soil has the following mass ratio: 40 parts vermiculite, 15 parts peat moss, 3 parts tourmaline, 0.4 parts straw compost, and 3 parts perlite. The tourmaline is coated with silica using a microporous surface. The preparation method of the silica-coated tourmaline includes: a1, stirring the tourmaline in ethanol and ball milling it for 20 minutes to form a fine powder slurry, which is then filtered and dried to obtain fine tourmaline powder; the mass ratio of tourmaline to ethanol is 5:1, the stirring speed is 200 r / min, the ball milling temperature is 20℃, the pressure is 0.5 MPa, and the drying temperature is 90℃; a2, adding the fine tourmaline powder to the middle section of the reactor, introducing silane vapor and letting it stand for 30 minutes, then cooling and removing the powder. Tourmaline fine powder is extracted to obtain coated tourmaline fine powder; the atmosphere of the reactor is a nitrogen atmosphere, the silane vapor is methyltrichlorosilane vapor, the temperature is 75℃, the injection rate is 10mL / min, the static pressure is 0.23MPa, and the temperature is 72℃; the cooling temperature is 30min; a3, the coated tourmaline fine powder is sprayed into the reactor, and then heated for 30min to obtain silicon-oxygen modified tourmaline, the spraying rate is 10g / min, the atmosphere in the reactor is a mixed atmosphere of nitrogen and water vapor, and the volume ratio of nitrogen to water vapor is 15:1, the pressure is 0.15MPa, the temperature is 60℃, and the heating temperature is 88℃.

[0040] The preparation method of the granular nutrient soil includes: b1, mixing soil containing microorganisms and straw compost evenly to form a mixture, and adding sodium polyacrylate and distilled water and mixing evenly to form a slurry, wherein the mass ratio of soil to straw compost is 1:4, the amount of sodium polyacrylate added is 70% of the mass of straw compost, and the amount of distilled water added is 10% of the mass of straw compost; b2, adding vermiculite and peat moss to the viscous liquid and mixing evenly, and then granulating to form granules to obtain granular nutrient soil, wherein the mass ratio of vermiculite to peat moss is 3:1, and the amount of vermiculite added is 60% of the mass of sodium polyacrylate; the stirring speed is 300 r / min.

[0041] The matrix block is made of vermiculite-based porous material, and its preparation method includes the following steps: c1, mixing vermiculite and peat moss evenly to form a mixture, then adding perlite and volcanic rock powder, and grinding to obtain a fine powder mixture. The amount of peat moss added is 40% of the vermiculite, the amount of perlite added is 8% of the vermiculite, and the amount of volcanic rock powder added is 15% of the vermiculite. The grinding pressure is 0.4 MPa, and the temperature is 20℃; c2, adding sodium polyacrylate and ammonium bicarbonate to the mixture and stirring thoroughly, then pressing to form a block, and allowing it to stand at a constant temperature for 4 hours to obtain a porous matrix block. The amount of sodium polyacrylate added is 15% of the mass of vermiculite, and the amount of ammonium bicarbonate added is 70% of the mass of vermiculite. The stirring speed is 500 r / min, the pressing pressure is 5 MPa, and the constant temperature standing temperature is 130℃. The size of the matrix block is 10cm*5cm*3cm.

[0042] The mass ratio of the nutrient membrane includes: 20 parts gellan gum, 30 parts polyacrylic acid, 10 parts distilled water, 15 parts humic acid, 10 parts peat moss, 4 parts urea, and 1-3 parts ferrous sulfate. The preparation method of the nutrient membrane includes: d1, adding gellan gum to distilled water and stirring evenly to obtain a gel solution, the stirring speed being 200 r / min; d2, stirring humic acid, peat moss, urea, and ferrous sulfate to form a mixed solid, then adding it to the gel solution and stirring evenly to form a viscous colloid; the stirring speed being 500 r / min; d3, adding polyacrylic acid to the viscous colloid and stirring evenly to form a mixed slurry, and then spinning the mixed slurry at low temperature to form a fiber membrane, the low-temperature spinning temperature being 8℃, the spinning voltage being 20kV, and the pushing distance being 40cm.

[0043] The thickness of the nutrient soil on the nutrient film is 2 cm.

[0044] Step 3, Transplanting Treatment: When the tomato seedlings in the seedling trays reach 20cm in height, place the seedling trays in the field and cover the surface with a layer of soil containing fertilizer. The soil should be loose, fertile, and have good water and fertilizer retention. The fertilizer should contain rapeseed oil extraction residue. The fertilizer composition includes: 40 parts rapeseed oil extraction residue, 20 parts compound fertilizer, 10 parts humic acid, 20 parts waste mushroom residue, 30 parts seabed mud, 10 parts sodium polyacrylate, 20 parts distilled water, and 8 parts high-sugar tomato-specific fertilizer. The preparation method involves adding waste mushroom residue, rapeseed oil extraction residue, high-sugar tomato-specific fertilizer, compound fertilizer, and humic acid to distilled water and stirring until homogeneous. Then, seabed mud and sodium polyacrylate are added sequentially and stirred to form a viscous colloidal structure. Finally, after cooling and solidification, the mixture is broken down into waste particles. After transplanting, apply 300g / cm³ of the above fertilizer per acre. 2 Apply water;

[0045] Step 4, Pest and Disease Control: After the transplanted plants reach a height of 50cm, remove all flower buds and retain the main branches and primary lateral branches for trellising. The trellising material should be bamboo poles, 150cm high, in an A-frame shape. Apply 500g / cm² of fertilizer containing rapeseed oil extraction residue per acre. 2 Water the plants and spray them with ozone water every 5-7 days for sterilization and disinfection.

[0046] Step 5, Harvesting: Harvest the tomatoes when they are ripe.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] A cultivation technique for high-sugar tomatoes, including:

[0049] Step 1, Seed cleaning: The selected high-quality tomato seeds are rubbed and sun-dried for 5-7 hours, then soaked in a nutrient solution, and then taken out and dried. The nutrient solution is a mixture of compound fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, with a mass ratio of compound fertilizer to potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 4:1, and the concentration of compound fertilizer in the nutrient solution is 15g / L.

[0050] Step 2, seedling management: Mix the soaked seeds with nutrient soil and spread them evenly on the seedling tray. Cover the surface with substrate blocks, and then cover the substrate blocks with a nutrient film. Spread nutrient soil evenly on the nutrient film. Water once every ten days. After 18 days of seedling cultivation, tomato seedlings will be obtained. The bottom of the seedbed is covered with a plastic film, and the plastic film is polyethylene plastic film. The mass ratio of seeds to nutrient soil is 1:25.

[0051] The nutrient soil in step 2 is composed of granular nutrient soil and powdered nutrient soil, with a mass ratio of granular nutrient soil to powdered nutrient soil of 1:3. The powdered nutrient soil is evenly dispersed into the gaps between the granular nutrient soil to form a loosely covered structure. The thickness of the culture soil and seeds spread evenly is 0.8 mm.

[0052] The powdered nutrient soil has the following mass ratio: 30 parts vermiculite, 14 parts peat moss, 3 parts tourmaline, 0.3 parts straw compost, and 2 parts perlite. The tourmaline is coated with silica using a microporous surface. The preparation method of the silica-coated tourmaline includes: a1, stirring the tourmaline in ethanol and ball milling it for 10-20 minutes to form a fine powder slurry, which is then filtered and dried to obtain fine tourmaline powder; the mass ratio of tourmaline to ethanol is 4:1, the stirring speed is 150 r / min, the ball milling temperature is 15℃, the pressure is 0.4 MPa, and the drying temperature is 85℃; a2, adding the fine tourmaline powder to the middle section of the reactor, introducing silane vapor and letting it stand for 20 minutes, then cooling. Tourmaline fine powder was extracted to obtain coated tourmaline fine powder; the atmosphere of the reactor was a nitrogen atmosphere, the silane vapor was methyltrichlorosilane vapor, the temperature was 73℃, the injection rate was 8mL / min, the static pressure was 0.2MPa, and the temperature was 71℃; the cooling temperature was 25min; a3, the coated tourmaline fine powder was sprayed into the reactor, and then heated for 25min to obtain silicon-oxygen modified tourmaline, the spraying rate was 8g / min, the atmosphere in the reactor was a mixed atmosphere of nitrogen and water vapor, and the volume ratio of nitrogen to water vapor was 10-15:1, the pressure was 0.14MPa, the temperature was 55℃, and the heating temperature was 87℃.

[0053] The preparation method of the granular nutrient soil includes: b1, mixing soil containing microorganisms and straw compost evenly to form a mixture, and adding sodium polyacrylate and distilled water and mixing evenly to form a slurry, wherein the mass ratio of soil to straw compost is 1:3, the amount of sodium polyacrylate added is 60% of the mass of straw compost, and the amount of distilled water added is 8% of the mass of straw compost; b2, adding vermiculite and peat moss to the viscous liquid and mixing evenly, and then granulating to form granules to obtain granular nutrient soil, wherein the mass ratio of vermiculite to peat moss is 3:1, and the amount of vermiculite added is 55% of the mass of sodium polyacrylate; the stirring speed is 200 r / min.

[0054] The matrix block is made of vermiculite-based porous material, and its preparation method includes the following steps: c1, mixing vermiculite and peat moss evenly to form a mixture, then adding perlite and volcanic rock powder, and grinding to obtain a fine powder mixture. The amount of peat moss added is 30% of the vermiculite, the amount of perlite added is 8% of the vermiculite, and the amount of volcanic rock powder added is 14% of the vermiculite. The grinding pressure is 0.3 MPa, and the temperature is 15℃; c2, adding sodium polyacrylate and ammonium bicarbonate to the mixture and stirring thoroughly, then pressing to form a block, and allowing it to stand at a constant temperature for 3 hours to obtain a porous matrix block. The amount of sodium polyacrylate added is 13% of the mass of vermiculite, and the amount of ammonium bicarbonate added is 30% of the mass of vermiculite. The stirring speed is 400 r / min, the pressing pressure is 4 MPa, and the constant temperature standing temperature is 120℃. The size of the matrix block is 10cm*5cm*3cm.

[0055] The mass ratio of the nutrient membrane includes: 15 parts gellan gum, 25 parts polyacrylic acid, 8 parts distilled water, 13 parts humic acid, 8 parts peat moss, 3 parts urea, and 2 parts ferrous sulfate. The preparation method of the nutrient membrane includes: d1, adding gellan gum to distilled water and stirring evenly to obtain a gel solution, the stirring speed being 150 r / min; d2, stirring humic acid, peat moss, urea, and ferrous sulfate to form a mixed solid, then adding it to the gel solution and stirring evenly to form a viscous colloid; the stirring speed being 400 r / min; d3, adding polyacrylic acid to the viscous colloid and stirring evenly to form a mixed slurry, and then spinning the mixed slurry at low temperature to form a fiber membrane, the low-temperature spinning temperature being 6℃, the spinning voltage being 15kV, and the pushing distance being 30cm.

[0056] The thickness of the nutrient soil on the nutrient film is 1 cm.

[0057] Step 3, Transplanting Treatment: When the tomato seedlings in the seedling trays reach 18cm in height, place the seedling trays in the field and cover the surface with a layer of soil containing fertilizer. The soil should be loose, fertile, and have good water and fertilizer retention. The fertilizer should contain rapeseed oil extraction residue. The fertilizer composition includes: 30 parts rapeseed oil extraction residue, 15 parts compound fertilizer, 8 parts humic acid, 15 parts waste mushroom residue, 25 parts seabed mud, 8 parts sodium polyacrylate, 15 parts distilled water, and 6 parts high-sugar tomato-specific fertilizer. The preparation method involves adding waste mushroom residue, rapeseed oil extraction residue, high-sugar tomato-specific fertilizer, compound fertilizer, and humic acid to distilled water and stirring until homogeneous. Then, seabed mud and sodium polyacrylate are added sequentially and stirred to form a viscous colloidal structure. Finally, after cooling and solidification, the mixture is broken down into waste particles. After transplanting, apply 250g / cm² of the above fertilizer per acre. 2 Apply water;

[0058] Step 4, Pest and Disease Control: After the transplanted plants reach a height of 45cm, remove all flower buds and retain the main branches and primary lateral branches for trellising. The trellising material should be bamboo poles, 150cm high, in an A-frame shape. Apply 450g / cm² of fertilizer containing rapeseed oil extraction residue per acre. 2 Water the plants and spray them with ozone water every 5-7 days for sterilization and disinfection.

[0059] Step 5, Harvesting: Harvest the tomatoes when they are ripe.

[0060] Comparative Example

[0061] A conventional cultivation process for high-sugar tomatoes involves standard seed pretreatment, transplanting, fertilization, pest and disease control, and harvesting.

[0062]

[0063] As shown in the table above, compared with the comparative example, the soluble solids, vitamin C, lycopene, total soluble sugar content, and yield per plant in the embodiment are significantly higher than those in the comparative example, while the organic acid content is significantly lower than that in the comparative example. Overall, the tomatoes in this technical solution have higher sweetness. At the same time, the germination rate and survival rate of the seeds are higher than those in the comparative example, and the yield per plant is better than that in the comparative example. That is, the planting process of the present invention has the effect of improving yield.

[0064] It is understood that the above detailed description of the present invention is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the present invention to achieve the same technical effects; as long as the usage requirements are met, they are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A process for planting high sugar tomato, characterized by: The application relates to a tomato seedling raising method. Step 1, seed cleaning: selected good tomato seeds are rubbed, sun-dried for 5-7 hours, soaked in a nutrient soaking solution, taken out and dried; Step 2, seedling management: the soaked seeds are mixed with nutrient soil, laid on a seedling tray, covered with a substrate block, covered with a nutrient film on the substrate block, and then laid with nutrient soil on the nutrient film; water is poured once every ten days, seedlings are raised for 15-20 days, and developed tomato seedlings are obtained; a plastic film is laid at the bottom of the seedbed, and the plastic film is a polyethylene plastic film; the nutrient soil is composed of granular nutrient soil and powder nutrient soil, and the mass ratio of the granular nutrient soil to the powder nutrient soil is 1:2-3; the powder nutrient soil is uniformly dispersed in the interspace between the granular nutrient soil, forming a loose structure with full coverage; the thickness of the nutrient soil and the seed is 0.5-1.0 mm; Step 3, planting treatment: when the tomato seedlings on the seedling tray grow to 15-20 cm, the seedling tray is placed in the field, and a layer of soil containing fertilizer is laid on the surface; the soil is loose and fertile, and has strong water and fertilizer retention capacity; the fertilizer is a fertilizer containing rapeseed oil residue; Step 4, disease and pest control: after the planting is completed, the plants grow to a height of 40-50 cm, all the flower buds are removed, the main branches and first-order lateral branches are reserved, and a frame is built; Step 5, picking: when the tomatoes are mature, picking is carried out. The mass ratio of the powder nutrient soil comprises 20-40 parts of vermiculite, 12-15 parts of grass carbon, 2-3 parts of tourmaline, 0.2-0.4 parts of straw compost and 1-3 parts of perlite, wherein the tourmaline is wrapped with microporous silicon oxide; the preparation method of the tourmaline wrapped with silicon oxide comprises the following steps: a1, putting the tourmaline into ethanol for stirring and ball milling for 10-20 min to form a fine powder slurry, and then filtering and drying to obtain fine tourmaline powder; the mass ratio of the tourmaline to ethanol is 3-5:1, the stirring speed is 100-200 r / min, the ball milling temperature is 10-20 DEG C, the pressure is 0.3-0.5 MPa, and the drying temperature is 80-90 DEG C; a2, adding the fine tourmaline powder into the middle section of a reaction kettle, passing in silane vapor and standing for 10-30 min, then cooling and taking out to obtain plated tourmaline powder; the atmosphere of the reaction kettle is nitrogen atmosphere, the silane vapor is methyltrichlorosilane vapor, the temperature is 70-75 DEG C, the passing-in speed is 5-10 mL / min, the standing pressure is 0.18-0.23 MPa, and the temperature is 70-72 DEG C; a3, spraying the plated tourmaline powder into the reaction kettle, then heating for 20-30 min to obtain silicon oxide modified tourmaline; the spraying speed is 5-10 g / min, the atmosphere in the reaction kettle is a mixed atmosphere of nitrogen and water vapor, the volume ratio of nitrogen to water vapor is 10-15:1, the pressure is 0.13-0.15 MPa, the temperature is 50-60 DEG C, and the heating temperature is 85-88 DEG C; the preparation method of the granular nutrient soil comprises the following steps: b1, stirring the soil containing microorganisms and straw compost uniformly to form a mixture, adding sodium polyacrylate and distilled water to stir uniformly to form a slurry; the mass ratio of the soil containing microorganisms to straw compost is 1:2-4, the addition amount of sodium polyacrylate is 50-70% of the mass of the straw compost, and the addition amount of the distilled water is 6-10% of the mass of the straw compost; b2, adding vermiculite and grass carbon into the slurry to stir uniformly, then granulating to form granules, and thus the granular nutrient soil is obtained; the mass ratio of the vermiculite to grass carbon is 2-3:1, and the addition amount of the vermiculite is 50-60% of the mass of the sodium polyacrylate; the stirring speed is 100-300 r / min. The matrix block in step 2 has a size of 10cm*5cm*3cm, and the matrix block is made of vermiculite-based porous material. Its preparation method includes the following steps: c1, mixing vermiculite and peat moss evenly to form a mixture, then adding perlite and volcanic rock powder, and grinding to obtain a fine powder mixture. The amount of peat moss added is 20-40% of vermiculite, the amount of perlite added is 8% of vermiculite, and the amount of volcanic rock powder added is 10-15% of vermiculite. The grinding pressure is 0.2-0. 4MPa, temperature 10-20℃; c2, add sodium polyacrylate and ammonium bicarbonate to the mixture and stir thoroughly, then press into blocks, and allow to stand at a constant temperature for 2-4 hours to obtain a porous matrix block. The amount of sodium polyacrylate added is 10-15% of the mass of vermiculite, the amount of ammonium bicarbonate added is 40-70% of the mass of vermiculite, the stirring speed is 200-500 r / min, the pressing pressure is 2-5MPa, and the constant temperature is 100-130℃. The mass ratio of the nutrient membrane in step 2 includes: 10-20 parts gellan gum, 20-30 parts polyacrylic acid, 5-10 parts distilled water, 10-15 parts humic acid, 5-10 parts peat moss, 2-4 parts urea, and 1-3 parts ferrous sulfate. The preparation method of the nutrient membrane includes: d1, adding gellan gum to distilled water and stirring evenly to obtain a gel solution, wherein the stirring speed is 100-200 r / min; d2, stirring humic acid, peat moss, urea, and ferrous sulfate to form a mixed solid, and then adding it to the gel solution and stirring evenly to form a viscous colloid; wherein the stirring speed is 200-500 r / min; d3, adding polyacrylic acid to the viscous colloid and stirring evenly to form a mixed slurry, and then spinning the mixed slurry at low temperature to form a fiber membrane, wherein the low temperature of spinning is 2-8℃, the spinning voltage is 10-20kV, and the pushing distance is 20-40cm.

2. The process for planting of high sugar tomato according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrient solution in step 1 is a mixture of compound fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, with a mass ratio of compound fertilizer to potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 4:1-2, and the concentration of compound fertilizer in the nutrient soaking solution is 10-20 g / L.

3. The process for planting of high sugar tomato according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of seeds to nutrient soil in step 2 is 1:20-30.

4. The process for planting of high sugar tomato according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the nutrient soil on the nutrient film in step 2 is 0.5-2cm.

5. The process for planting of high sugar tomato as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The fertilizer composition in step 3 includes: 20-40 parts rapeseed oil extraction residue, 10-20 parts compound fertilizer, 5-10 parts humic acid, 10-20 parts waste mushroom residue, 20-30 parts seabed mud, 5-10 parts sodium polyacrylate, 10-20 parts distilled water, and 4-8 parts high-sugar tomato-specific fertilizer.

6. The process for planting of high sugar tomato according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method for preparing the fertilizer includes: adding waste mushroom residue, rapeseed oil extraction residue, high-sugar tomato-specific fertilizer, compound fertilizer and humic acid into distilled water and stirring evenly; then adding seabed mud and sodium polyacrylate in sequence and stirring to form a viscous colloidal structure; and finally cooling and solidifying the mixture and crushing it into waste particles.

7. The process for planting of high sugar tomato according to claim 5, characterized in that: Use 200-300 g / cm of the above-mentioned fertilizer per mu of land after planting 2 Pouring is carried out.

8. The process for planting of high sugar tomato according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame of the step 4 is made of bamboo, 150 cm high, herringbone shape; 400-500 g / cm of fertilizer containing rapeseed oil residue is used per mu 2 The spraying is carried out, and ozone water is sprayed on the surface of the plants every 5-7 days for sterilization and disinfection.

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