A relay culture method for Japanese shrimp

Abstract

The present invention discloses a relay aquaculture method for Penaeus japonicus, and relates to the field of biological aquaculture. The method employs a mixture of a protein source, a fat source, a complex vitamin, a complex inorganic salt, an attractant, and (-)-caryophyllene oxide-modified xanthan gum to prepare a bait for the relay aquaculture of Penaeus japonicus, resulting in a good survival rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion coefficient for the Penaeus japonicus. The method also employs glucosamine-modified humic acid, which is used in the preparation of an amino acid fertilizer paste, which is then used in the relay aquaculture of Penaeus japonicus, resulting in an even better survival rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion coefficient for the Penaeus japonicus.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of biological breeding, and particularly relates to a relay breeding method for Japanese shrimp. Background Art

[0002] Penaeus vannamei is the most important marine shrimp aquaculture species in my country. In 2020, national production of Penaeus vannamei reached 1.19 million tons, accounting for nearly 80% of my country's total marine shrimp aquaculture output. As a key component of the shrimp aquaculture industry, the active exploration and development of Japanese shrimp aquaculture techniques and models will help adjust the shrimp aquaculture species structure.

[0003] The main reason farmers choose a single-crop culture model is that the water temperature is low during the first crop, which leads to slow growth of Japanese shrimp, small size, low price, and frequent diseases, which leads to low farmer enthusiasm. Therefore, actively exploring and researching the aquaculture technology and models of early spring Japanese shrimp, improving the size and economic benefits of early spring Japanese shrimp, has positive significance for promoting the development of the Japanese shrimp aquaculture industry and increasing fishermen's income. Stocking large-sized Japanese shrimp seedlings is the most direct and effective means to solve this problem.

[0004] The relay breeding model of Japanese shrimp will use the vacant shrimp breeding greenhouses in autumn and winter to cultivate large-sized Japanese shrimp seedlings over the winter, and then use the idle swimming crab breeding ponds in spring to raise Japanese shrimp in spring and harvest them in summer, so that Japanese shrimp can be put on the market at a high price during the fishing ban period. This model can not only make full use of the breeding ponds, improve breeding efficiency, and promote increased production and income for fishermen, but also enrich the people's food basket during the fishing ban period. The prospects are very promising. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a relay culture method for Penaeus japonicus, which enables the Penaeus japonicus to have a good survival rate, specific growth rate and feed conversion coefficient.

[0006] The technical solutions adopted by the present invention to achieve the above-mentioned purpose are:

[0007] A bait comprising:

[0008] Protein source material, the above-mentioned protein source material comprises white fish meal, squid meal, fish protein hydrolyzate, and brewer's yeast;

[0009] Fat source substances, including fish oil and soy lecithin;

[0010] Adhesive, the adhesive comprising modified xanthan gum; the modified xanthan gum is prepared from xanthan gum modified with (-)-caryophyllene oxide;

[0011] And complex vitamins, complex inorganic salts, and appetite enhancers.

[0012] The invention provides a method for preparing a bait. The method uses white fish meal, squid meal, fish meat hydrolyzed protein, and brewer's yeast as protein sources, fish oil and soybean lecithin as fat sources, and xanthan gum modified with (-)-caryophyllene oxide as an adhesive. The prepared bait is used in relay farming of Japanese shrimp, thereby ensuring that the Japanese shrimp have a good survival rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion coefficient. The reason for this may be that (-)-caryophyllene oxide and xanthan gum form a three-dimensional network cross-linked structure, which has a better controlled-release effect on the bait.

[0013] The present invention also discloses a method for preparing bait, comprising: adding complex vitamins, complex inorganic salts, attractants, and adhesives to a protein source material, mixing them evenly, drying them, and then crushing them into microparticles, adding them to a cyclohexane mixed solution of fish oil and soybean lecithin, fully mixing them, air-drying them, and then sieving them to obtain the bait.

[0014] Specifically, the preparation method of the above-mentioned bait includes the following steps: adding complex vitamins, complex inorganic salts, attractants, and adhesives to the protein source material, stirring and mixing evenly, drying at 65-75°C, and then crushing into microparticles, adding to a cyclohexane mixed solution of fish oil and soybean lecithin with a concentration of 50-55g / L, mixing thoroughly, air-drying and sieving to obtain the bait.

[0015] For the present invention, the particle size of the bait is 150-200 μm.

[0016] For the present invention, in the above-mentioned bait, by weight, the amount of protein source material is 58-65 parts; the amount of fat source material is 3-5 parts; the amount of adhesive is 2-3 parts; the amount of complex vitamins is 1.5-2 parts; the amount of complex inorganic salts is 1.5-2 parts; and the amount of attractant is 1.5-2 parts.

[0017] In the present invention, the mass ratio of white fish meal, squid meal, fish protein hydrolyzate and brewer's yeast in the above-mentioned protein source materials is 1:0.14-0.17:0.06-0.08:0.06-0.08.

[0018] In the present invention, the mass ratio of fish oil to soybean lecithin in the above-mentioned fat source is 1:0.8-1.3.

[0019] In the present invention, the above-mentioned complex vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, biotin, riboflavin, and folic acid.

[0020] For the present invention, in the above-mentioned vitamin complex, the mass ratio of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, biotin, riboflavin and folic acid is 1:0.7-0.8:1.5-2:0.5-0.7:0.3-0.35:3-3.5:0.13-0.17:11-15:0.3-0.35:1.5-2:1.3-1.6:5-7.

[0021] In the present invention, the composite inorganic salt comprises copper sulfate, iron sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, cobalt chloride, calcium iodate, sodium selenite, and zeolite powder.

[0022] In the present invention, the mass ratio of copper sulfate, iron sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, cobalt chloride, calcium iodate, sodium selenite and zeolite powder in the above-mentioned composite inorganic salt is 1:4-6:2-3:2.5-3.5:2-3:2.5-3.5:0.8-1.2:500-550.

[0023] In the present invention, the above-mentioned attractant comprises glycine and betaine; wherein the mass ratio of glycine to betaine is 1:0.8-1.4.

[0024] The invention also discloses a method for preparing modified xanthan gum, which comprises: subjecting (-)-caryophyllene oxide to a ring-opening reaction with xanthan gum to prepare the modified xanthan gum.

[0025] Specifically, the preparation method of the modified xanthan gum comprises the following steps:

[0026] Xanthan gum is added to deionized water, stirred and dissolved, and the pH is adjusted to 10-13. (-)-caryophyllene oxide is slowly added at 65-70°C and reacted for 5-8 hours. The product is precipitated using 70-75wt% ethanol (the mass volume ratio of xanthan gum to ethanol is 1g:60-80mL), and then washed with anhydrous ethanol for 3-5 times and dried at 55-65°C for 20-28 hours to obtain modified xanthan gum.

[0027] For the present invention, the mass volume ratio of the above xanthan gum to deionized water is 1g:55-60mL.

[0028] In the present invention, the mass ratio of the above xanthan gum to (-)-caryophyllene oxide is 1:1.5-2.

[0029] The invention also discloses application of the modified xanthan gum prepared by the preparation method in relay farming of Japanese shrimp.

[0030] The present invention also discloses a relay culture method for Japanese shrimp, comprising:

[0031] a. Indoor large-scale seedling cultivation:

[0032] a1) Preparation before stocking: Pour sterilized water, apply amino acid fertilizer paste to fertilize the water, and turn on the aeration equipment;

[0033] a2) Stocking of fry: Pour the fry into the water and sprinkle vitamin C to relieve the stress reaction of the fry;

[0034] a3) Breeding management: During the breeding period, water is mainly added, and microecological agents are used to regulate water quality. Chlorine dioxide effervescent tablets are used to disinfect the breeding environment. Feed is also provided to raise large-sized seedlings.

[0035] b. Outdoor shrimp cultivation:

[0036] b1) Preparation before stocking: Fill the pond with water, disinfect it with bleach, and fertilize the water with amino acid fertilizer paste;

[0037] b2) Stocking of seedlings: Stock the large-sized seedlings grown in a3) and spray them with vitamin C to prevent seedling stress;

[0038] b3) Farming management: Feed fresh miscellaneous fish once in the morning and evening. Add water during the farming period, use microecological preparations to regulate water quality, and use chlorine dioxide effervescent tablets to disinfect the farming environment.

[0039] Specifically, the above-mentioned Japanese shrimp relay farming method comprises the following steps:

[0040] a. Indoor large-scale seedling cultivation:

[0041] a1) Pre-stocking preparation: 7-8 days before stocking, pump water disinfected with 50-60ppm bleach from the reservoir into the greenhouse pond. The water depth should be approximately 1-1.3m. Filter the seawater through a 0.25-0.3mm sieve at the water inlet. Fertilize the pond with amino acid fertilizer paste at a rate of 1.5-1.8kg per mu (approximately 1.5-1.8kg per mu). Ensure the water is yellow-green or dark brown with a transparency of 30-32cm. Simultaneously, activate aeration equipment to maintain a high dissolved oxygen level.

[0042] a2) Stocking of seedlings: Purchase Japanese shrimp seedlings, pack them in seedling bags and oxygenate them. The seedlings have clean surfaces, neat sizes, are lively and strong, and no common pathogenic microorganisms were found in quarantine tests. Stocking method: Place the seedling bag in water to keep it floating. After 20-25 minutes, wait for the water temperature inside and outside the bag to balance, then untie the bag mouth and allow the water in the pond to slowly overflow into the bag. After filling the seedling bag, gently pour the seedlings and water into the pond. The stocking amount of seedlings is 80,000-120,000 per mu. When stocking, sprinkle vitamin C in the stocking area to relieve the stress response of the shrimp seedlings. The dosage of vitamin C is 0.9-1.2g / m 3 ;

[0043] a3) Aquaculture Management: During the aquaculture period, water should be added primarily at a rate of 5-10 cm every 7-8 days. During the middle and late stages of aquaculture, water should be changed every 20-30 days. After settling in a reservoir, the new water should be disinfected with 50-60 ppm bleach. Once the residual chlorine level meets the required level, it should be pumped back into the aquaculture pond. During the aquaculture period, use bottom aerators for oxygenation. During periods of continuous rain, use a water truck aerator. Use microecological agents every 15-18 days to regulate water quality. Pond water should be regularly sampled for measurement of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and pH, along with other common physical and chemical parameters. Records should be kept. Maintain adequate dissolved oxygen levels during the aquaculture period. Regularly sample individual Penaeus japonicus for testing and quarantine for common pathogens. The aquaculture environment is disinfected with chlorine dioxide effervescent tablets every 15-18 days at a dosage of 0.5-0.7kg per mu. The interval between the use of chlorine dioxide effervescent tablets and microecological preparations is at least 5 days to ensure the effectiveness of the microecological preparations. In addition, since Japanese shrimp are nocturnal, amino acid fertilizer paste and bait are fed to the shrimp, mainly at night. Amino acid fertilizer paste is fed every 15-18 days at a dosage of 1-1.5kg per mu each time. No bait is fed for the first half month after the seedlings are released. After half a month, the daily feeding amount is 7-8% of the shrimp body weight until the shrimp grow to large size.

[0044] b. Outdoor shrimp cultivation:

[0045] b1) Pre-stocking preparation: 13-16 days before stocking, add water to a depth of 0.8-1.2m. Clean and disinfect the pond with bleach at a concentration of 50-60ppm. 6-8 days before stocking, after the residual chlorine in the water reaches the standard, apply amino acid fertilizer paste throughout the pond at a rate of 1.5-1.8kg per mu (approximately 1.5-1.8kg per mu). The water should be yellow-green or dark brown in color and transparent to 30-45cm.

[0046] b2) Stocking of seedlings: The large-sized seedlings cultured in a3) are stocked at a density of 7,500-8,500 per mu. Stocking takes place in mid-March, when the outdoor pond water temperature is above 8°C. Before stocking, aeration equipment is used to aerate the pond. Vitamin C is sprayed throughout the pond to prevent seedling stress. The dosage of vitamin C is 0.9-1.2g / m 3 ;

[0047] b3) Rearing Management: During the rearing period, fresh fish are fed once each morning between 4:30 and 5:30 AM and evening between 7:30 and 8:00 PM. The daily feed rate is 7-10% of the shrimp's body weight, with 25-35% of the daily feed intake in the morning and 65-75% of the daily feed intake in the evening. In the early stages of rearing, water is primarily added at a rate of 5-10 cm every 6-8 days to maintain fresh water quality. The water inlet is filtered through a sieve with a fixed aperture of 0.25-0.3 mm. During the middle and late stages of rearing, water is changed every 6-8 days, with a volume of 9-11 cm. Water quality is adjusted using a microbial agent, and the substrate and water are disinfected with chlorine dioxide effervescent tablets every 15-18 days at a rate of 0.5-0.7 kg per mu. The application of chlorine dioxide effervescent tablets and microbial agents should be spaced at least 5 days apart. Individual Japanese shrimp are regularly collected for testing and quarantine of common pathogens.

[0048] For the present invention, the large-sized seedlings are cultured indoors from late November to early March of the following year; and the shrimps are cultured outdoors from mid-March to late May of the following year.

[0049] For the present invention, the above-mentioned amino acid fertilizer paste contains: amino acid powder, small peptides, humic acid, unicellular algae growth promoting hormone, active enzyme, and shell powder; wherein, the mass ratio of amino acid powder, small peptides, humic acid, unicellular algae growth promoting hormone, active enzyme, and shell powder is 1:0.3-0.5:0.2-0.25:0.03-0.036:0.06-0.08:0.1-0.15.

[0050] In the present invention, the above-mentioned microecological preparation comprises: photosynthetic bacteria and EM bacteria; wherein the mass ratio of photosynthetic bacteria to EM bacteria is 1:0.8-1.2.

[0051] In the present invention, the dosage of the above-mentioned probiotic preparation is 1.8-2.2 kg / mu.

[0052] In order to further improve the survival rate of Japanese shrimp in the relay culture process, the present invention also modifies the humic acid in the amino acid fertilizer paste.

[0053] The invention also discloses a method for preparing modified humic acid, which comprises the following steps: humic acid is first subjected to chlorination, and then subjected to amidation reaction with glucosamine to obtain the modified humic acid.

[0054] The present invention also provides a method for preparing modified humic acid, comprising the steps of first chlorinating the humic acid and then reacting it with glucosamine to undergo an amidation reaction. The resulting modified humic acid is used in relay farming of Japanese shrimp, thereby improving the survival rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion coefficient of the Japanese shrimp. This may be because glucosamine provides elements such as nitrogen and carbon required for the growth of the Japanese shrimp. Furthermore, the amide group, aldehyde group, and other groups in the structure of the humic acid modified with glucosamine can enhance the chelation / complexation of toxic and harmful substances in the water by the humic acid, thereby purifying the aquaculture water environment.

[0055] Specifically, the preparation method of the modified humic acid comprises the following steps:

[0056] Thionyl chloride is added to humic acid (the mass ratio of humic acid to thionyl chloride is 1:3-5), and the mixture is reacted at 50-55°C for 2-2.5 hours. Excess thionyl chloride is removed by rotary evaporation. Then, glucosamine and dichloromethane (the mass ratio of glucosamine to dichloromethane is 1:10-15) are slowly added at room temperature, and the mixture is stirred for 3.5-4.5 hours. The mixture is rotary evaporated, washed with deionized water, and dried to obtain modified humic acid.

[0057] In the present invention, the mass ratio of the humic acid to the glucosamine is 1:0.25-0.3.

[0058] The invention also discloses the use of the modified humic acid prepared by the preparation method in the relay culture of Japanese shrimp.

[0059] The beneficial effects of the present invention include:

[0060] The present invention provides a relay culture method for Japanese shrimp. The method adopts white fish meal, squid meal, fish meat hydrolyzed protein, and brewer's yeast as protein sources, fish oil and soybean lecithin as fat sources, and (-)-caryophyllene oxide-modified xanthan gum as an adhesive, and mixes them to prepare bait. The bait is used in the relay culture of Japanese shrimp, so that the Japanese shrimp has a good survival rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion coefficient. The present invention also adopts glucosamine to modify humic acid, and the modified humic acid is used in the preparation of amino acid fertilizer paste, which is then used in the relay culture of Japanese shrimp, so that the Japanese shrimp has a better survival rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion coefficient.

[0061] Therefore, the present invention provides a relay culture method for Penaeus japonicus, which enables the Penaeus japonicus to have a good survival rate, specific growth rate and feed conversion coefficient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] Figure 1 The infrared spectra test results of the modified xanthan gum and xanthan gum prepared in Example 2;

[0063] Figure 2 These are the test results of the infrared spectrum of the modified humic acid and humic acid prepared in Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments:

[0065] The small peptides used in the examples of the present invention were purchased from Qingdao Lanbao Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd., model number YDB02;

[0066] The amino acid powder used in the examples of the present invention was purchased from Jinan Qianqi Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0067] The humic acid used in the examples of the present invention was purchased from Chongqing Tianze Drilling Materials Co., Ltd.

[0068] The algae growth promoting agent used in the examples of the present invention was purchased from Jiangmen Green Earth Bioengineering Co., Ltd.

[0069] The active enzymes used in the examples of the present invention were purchased from Henan Nanhua Qianmu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0070] The shell powder used in the embodiments of the present invention was purchased from Shijiazhuang Huijin Mineral Products Co., Ltd.

[0071] The white fish meal used in the embodiments of the present invention was purchased from Guangzhou Port Fish Meal Trading Co., Ltd.

[0072] The squid powder used in the embodiments of the present invention was purchased from Tianjin Ruixiang Import and Export Trading Co., Ltd.

[0073] The fish protein hydrolyzate used in the examples of the present invention was purchased from Shaanxi Yunqi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0074] The brewer's yeast used in the examples of the present invention was purchased from Henan Saifu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0075] Example 1:

[0076] A Japanese shrimp relay culture method comprising:

[0077] a. Indoor large-scale seedling cultivation:

[0078] a1) Seven days before stocking, pump water disinfected with 50ppm bleach from the reservoir into the greenhouse to a depth of approximately 1m. Filter the seawater through a 0.25mm sieve at the water inlet. Spray amino acid fertilizer paste (containing amino acid powder, small peptides, humic acid, algae growth hormone, active enzyme, and shell powder; the mass ratio of amino acid powder, small peptides, humic acid, algae growth hormone, active enzyme, and shell powder is 1:0.3:0.2:0.03:0.06:0.1) throughout the pond. Fertilize the water at a rate of 1.5kg per mu (approximately 1.5kg per mu). Ensure the water is yellow-green or tea-brown in color and has a transparency of 30cm. Simultaneously, activate aeration equipment to maintain a high dissolved oxygen level in the water.

[0079] a2) In late November, we purchased Japanese shrimp seedlings, packaged them in seedling bags, and aerated them. The seedlings were clean, neatly sized, lively and strong, and no common pathogens were found in quarantine tests. Stocking method: Place the seedling bag in water to keep it floating. After 20 minutes, wait for the water temperature inside and outside the bag to equilibrate, then open the bag and allow the pond water to slowly overflow. After filling the bag, gently pour the seedlings and water into the pond. When stocking, sprinkle vitamin C in the stocking area to alleviate the shrimp seedlings' stress response. The dosage of vitamin C is 1g / m 3 , the stocking rate of seedlings is 100,000 per mu;

[0080] a3) Rearing Management: During the rearing period, water should be added primarily at a rate of 6 cm every 7 days. During the middle and late stages of the rearing process, water should be changed every 25 days. After settling in a reservoir, the new water should be disinfected with 50 ppm bleaching powder. Once the residual chlorine content meets the required standards, it should be pumped back into the rearing pond using a water pump. During the rearing period, bottom aerators should be used for oxygenation. During periods of continuous rain, a water truck aerator should also be used. Every 15 days, photosynthetic bacteria and EM bacteria microecological preparations should be used to regulate water quality. (Photosynthetic bacteria were purchased from Jiangxi Enyang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and EM bacteria were purchased from Shandong Baifeng New Materials Technology Co., Ltd.; the mass ratio of photosynthetic bacteria to EM bacteria was 1:1.) The dosage is 2 kg per mu. Pond water should be regularly sampled for temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and pH, and records should be kept. Adequate dissolved oxygen should be maintained during the rearing period. Individual Penaeus japonicus shrimp should be regularly sampled for testing and quarantine for common pathogens. The culture environment is disinfected every 15 days with chlorine dioxide effervescent tablets at a dosage of 0.5 kg per mu. The interval between the use of chlorine dioxide effervescent tablets and microecological preparations is at least 5 days to ensure the effectiveness of the microecological preparations. In addition, since Japanese shrimp are nocturnal, amino acid fertilizer paste and bait are fed, mainly at night. Amino acid fertilizer paste is fed once every 15 days at a dosage of 1 kg per mu each time. No bait is fed for the first half month after the seedlings are released. After half a month, the daily feeding amount is 7% of the shrimp's body weight. Large-sized seedlings are grown.

[0081] b. Outdoor shrimp cultivation:

[0082] b1) Pre-stocking preparation: 15 days before stocking, fill the pond with water to a depth of 1m and disinfect it with bleach at a concentration of 50ppm. 7 days before stocking, after the residual chlorine in the water reaches the standard, apply amino acid fertilizer paste (same ratio as in step a1) throughout the pond at a rate of 1.5kg per mu (approximately 1.5kg per mu) to achieve a yellow-green or dark brown water color and a transparency of 40cm.

[0083] b2) Stocking of seedlings: The large-sized seedlings cultured in a3) are stocked at a density of 8,000 per mu. Stocking takes place in mid-March, when the outdoor pond water temperature is above 8°C. Aeration equipment is used to aerate the pond before stocking, and vitamin C is sprayed throughout the pond to prevent seedling stress. The dosage of vitamin C is 1g / m 3 ;

[0084] b3) Farming management: During the farming period, fresh fish are fed once at 5:00 am and 20:00 pm. The daily feeding amount is 8% of the shrimp's body weight, with 30% of the daily feed amount in the morning and 70% of the daily feed amount in the evening. In the early stage of farming, water is mainly added, with 8 cm of water added every 7 days to keep the water quality fresh. The water inlet is filtered with a sieve with a fixed aperture of 0.25 mm. In the middle and late stages of farming, the water is changed every 7 days with a water change volume of 10 cm. Probiotics (the ratio and dosage are the same as in step a3)) are used every 15 days to regulate the water quality, and chlorine dioxide effervescent tablets are used every 15 days to disinfect the aquaculture substrate and water body. The dosage is 0.5 kg per mu. The interval between the use of chlorine dioxide effervescent tablets and probiotics is at least 5 days. Japanese shrimp are collected regularly for detection and quarantine of common pathogenic microorganisms.

[0085] Among them, the indoor large-sized seedling breeding time is from late November to early March of the following year; the outdoor shrimp rearing time is from mid-March to late May of the following year.

[0086] The preparation method of bait comprises the following steps: adding complex vitamins (complex vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, biotin, riboflavin, and folic acid; wherein the mass ratio of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, biotin, riboflavin, and folic acid is 1:0.7:1.5:0.6:0.32:3:0.15:13:0.32:1.5:1.5:5), complex inorganic salts (complex inorganic salts include copper sulfate, iron sulfate, manganese sulfate, Zinc sulfate, cobalt chloride, calcium iodate, sodium selenite, zeolite powder; wherein, the mass ratio of copper sulfate, iron sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, cobalt chloride, calcium iodate, sodium selenite, zeolite powder is 1:5:2:3:2:2.5:1:500), attractant (the attractant contains glycine and betaine; wherein, the mass ratio of glycine to betaine is 1:1), adhesive xanthan gum, after stirring and mixing evenly, drying at 70 ° C, and then crushing into microparticles, adding to a concentration of A 52g / L cyclohexane mixed solution of fish oil and soybean lecithin (the mass ratio of fish oil to soybean lecithin is 1:1) is fully mixed, air-dried and sieved to obtain a bait with a particle size of 150μm; wherein, in the bait, by weight, the amount of protein source material is 60 parts; the amount of fat source material is 3 parts; the amount of adhesive is 2 parts; the amount of complex vitamins is 1.5 parts; the amount of complex inorganic salts is 1.5 parts; and the amount of attractant is 1.5 parts.

[0087] Example 2:

[0088] The difference between a Japanese shrimp relay culture method and Example 1 is that the bait preparation method is different.

[0089] The difference between the bait preparation method and Example 1 is that modified xanthan gum is used instead of xanthan gum.

[0090] The preparation method of modified xanthan gum comprises the following steps:

[0091] Xanthan gum was added to deionized water, stirred and dissolved, and the pH was adjusted to 11. (-)-caryophyllene oxide was slowly added at 66°C and reacted for 8 hours. The product was precipitated using 70wt% ethanol (the mass volume ratio of xanthan gum to ethanol was 1g:60mL), and then washed three times with anhydrous ethanol and dried at 55°C for 28 hours to obtain modified xanthan gum; wherein the mass volume ratio of xanthan gum to deionized water was 1g:55mL, and the mass ratio of xanthan gum to (-)-caryophyllene oxide was 1:1.5.

[0092] Example 3:

[0093] The difference between a Japanese shrimp relay culture method and Example 1 is that modified humic acid is used instead of humic acid.

[0094] The preparation method of modified humic acid comprises the following steps:

[0095] Thionyl chloride was added to humic acid (the mass ratio of humic acid to thionyl chloride was 1:3), and the mixture was reacted at 50°C for 2 hours. The excess thionyl chloride was removed by rotary evaporation. Then, glucosamine and dichloromethane (the mass ratio of glucosamine to dichloromethane was 1:10) were slowly added at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 3.5 hours, and the mixture was rotary evaporated, washed with deionized water, and dried to obtain modified humic acid. The mass ratio of humic acid to glucosamine was 1:0.25.

[0096] Example 4:

[0097] The difference between a Japanese shrimp relay culture method and Example 2 is that modified humic acid is used instead of humic acid.

[0098] The preparation method of modified humic acid is the same as that in Example 3.

[0099] Test example:

[0100] 1. Infrared spectrum test

[0101] The structure of the sample was determined by total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) with a scanning wavelength range of 400-4000 cm -1 , with a resolution of 4cm -1 .

[0102] The modified xanthan gum and xanthan gum prepared in Example 2 were tested as above, and the results were as follows: Figure 1 As shown. Figure 1 It can be seen that compared with the infrared spectrum of xanthan gum, the infrared spectrum of modified xanthan gum is at 1662cm -1 There is an infrared characteristic absorption peak of C=C bond at , indicating that (-)-caryophyllene oxide participates in the formation reaction of modified xanthan gum.

[0103] The modified humic acid and humic acid prepared in Example 3 were tested as above. The results are as follows: Figure 2 As shown. Figure 2 It can be seen that compared with the infrared spectrum of humic acid, the infrared spectrum of modified humic acid has a -1 There is an infrared characteristic absorption peak of the C=O bond in the amide bond at 1684 cm -1 There is an infrared characteristic absorption peak of aldehyde group at , which indicates that glucosamine participates in the formation reaction of modified humic acid.

[0104] 2. Shrimp survival rate test

[0105] The survival rate of shrimp refers to the ratio of the number of shrimp harvested after the end of aquaculture to the number of shrimp stocked at the beginning of aquaculture.

[0106] Table 1 Test results of shrimp survival rate

[0107] Experimental groups Survival rate / % Example 1 60.5 Example 2 63.9 Example 3 64.5 Example 4 68.7

[0108] The above test was performed on the shrimp cultured in Examples 1 to 4, and the results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the survival rate of the shrimp increased in Example 2 compared with Example 1, and in Example 4 compared with Example 3, indicating that the modified xanthan gum prepared using (-)-caryophyllene oxide, when used in shrimp culture, has a good survival rate. The survival rate of the shrimp was also significantly improved in Example 3 compared with Example 1, and in Example 4 compared with Example 2, indicating that the modified humic acid prepared using glucosamine, when used in shrimp culture, also has a good survival rate.

[0109] 3. Shrimp feed conversion coefficient test

[0110] The calculation formula of shrimp feed conversion coefficient A is as follows:

[0111] A=S / D

[0112] Where S is the cumulative amount of feed used during the breeding process, kg; D is the shrimp production, kg.

[0113] Table 2 Test results of shrimp feed conversion coefficient

[0114] Experimental groups Feed conversion coefficient of shrimp Example 1 1.23 Example 2 1.15 Example 3 1.11 Example 4 1.01

[0115] The above test was performed on the shrimp cultured in Examples 1 to 4, and the results are shown in Table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the feed conversion coefficient of the shrimp decreased in Example 2 compared with Example 1, and in Example 4 compared with Example 3, indicating that the modified xanthan gum prepared using (-)-caryophyllene oxide, when used in shrimp culture, has a good feed conversion coefficient. The feed conversion coefficient of the shrimp was also significantly reduced in Example 3 compared with Example 1, and in Example 4 compared with Example 2, indicating that the modified humic acid prepared using glucosamine, when used in shrimp culture, also has a good feed conversion coefficient.

[0116] 4. Specific Growth Rate Test

[0117] The specific growth rate is calculated as follows:

[0118] Q=[ln(m1)-ln(m0)]×100 / t

[0119] Where Q is the specific growth rate; m1 is the final weight of the shrimp; m0 is the initial weight of the shrimp; and t is the time of shrimp rearing.

[0120] Table 3 Specific growth rate test results

[0121] Experimental groups Specific growth rate (% / d) Example 1 1.52 Example 2 1.85 Example 3 1.91 Example 4 2.28

[0122] The above test was performed on the shrimp cultured in Examples 1 to 4, and the results are shown in Table 3. As can be seen from Table 3, the specific growth rate of the shrimp increased in Example 2 compared with Example 1, and in Example 4 compared with Example 3, indicating that the modified xanthan gum prepared using (-)-caryophyllene oxide, when used in shrimp culture, has a good specific growth rate. The specific growth rate of the shrimp was also significantly improved in Example 3 compared with Example 1, and in Example 4 compared with Example 2, indicating that the modified humic acid prepared using glucosamine, when used in shrimp culture, also has a good specific growth rate.

[0123] The conventional techniques in the above embodiments are prior arts known to those skilled in the art, and thus will not be described in detail here.

[0124] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A bait comprising: A protein source material, wherein the protein source material comprises white fish meal, squid meal, fish protein hydrolyzate, and brewer's yeast; A fat source material, wherein the fat source material comprises fish oil and soybean lecithin; An adhesive comprising modified xanthan gum; the modified xanthan gum is prepared from xanthan gum modified with (-)-caryophyllene oxide; And complex vitamins, complex inorganic salts, and appetite enhancers.

2. The method for preparing the bait according to claim 1, comprising: Add complex vitamins, complex inorganic salts, attractants and adhesives to the protein source material, mix well, dry, and then grind into microparticles. Add to a cyclohexane mixed solution of fish oil and soybean lecithin, mix well, air-dry and sieve to obtain the bait.

3. The preparation method of the modified xanthan gum according to claim 1, comprising: Modified xanthan gum was prepared by ring-opening reaction of (-)-caryophyllene oxide with xanthan gum.

4. A relay culture method for Japanese shrimp, comprising: a. Indoor large-scale seedling cultivation: a1) Preparation before stocking: Pour sterilized water, apply amino acid fertilizer paste to fertilize the water, and turn on the aeration equipment; a2) Stocking of fry: Pour the fry into the water and sprinkle vitamin C to relieve the stress reaction of the fry; a3) Breeding management: During the breeding period, water is mainly added, and microecological preparations are used to adjust the water quality. Chlorine dioxide effervescent tablets are used to disinfect the breeding environment. The bait described in claim 1 is fed to the fish to grow large-sized seedlings; b. Outdoor shrimp cultivation: b1) Preparation before stocking: Fill the pond with water, disinfect it with bleach, and fertilize the water with amino acid fertilizer paste; b2) Stocking of seedlings: Stock the large-sized seedlings grown in a3) and spray them with vitamin C to prevent seedling stress; b3) Aquaculture management: Fresh fish are fed once in the morning and once in the evening. Water is added during the aquaculture period, and microecological preparations are used to regulate water quality. Chlorine dioxide effervescent tablets are used to disinfect the aquaculture environment. The amino acid fertilizer paste contains: amino acid powder, small peptides, modified humic acid, algae growth promoter, active enzyme, and shell powder. The preparation method of the modified humic acid includes: humic acid is first subjected to chlorination, and then amidation reaction with glucosamine to obtain the modified humic acid.

5. A Japanese shrimp relay culture method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The microecological preparation comprises photosynthetic bacteria and EM bacteria.

6. A Japanese shrimp relay culture method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The dosage of the microecological preparation is 1.8-2.2 kg / mu.

7. The method for relay breeding of Penaeus japonicus according to claim 4, wherein: The use of the proecological preparation and chlorine dioxide effervescent tablets must be separated by at least 5 days.

8. Use of the modified xanthan gum prepared by the preparation method according to claim 3 in relay aquaculture of Japanese shrimp.

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