Haugh unit detection method, determination time determination method and laying hen breeding method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for determining the optimal measurement time of Haugh units. Eggs laid by laying hens of the same breed on the same day are randomly divided into multiple groups. On the day of laying, a group of eggs is randomly selected from the multiple groups to detect the Haugh units of each egg and calculate the average value. Subsequently, a group of eggs is randomly selected from the remaining egg groups every day to detect the Haugh units of each egg and calculate the average value until all groups of eggs have been tested. The difference between the average values ​​of the Haugh units of two adjacent days is calculated, and the latter day of the two adjacent days with the largest difference is selected as the optimal measurement time of the Haugh units of eggs of the said breed of laying hens. The present invention also relates to a Haugh unit detection method and a laying hen breeding method based on the above method. The result obtained by performing the Haugh unit detection of eggs according to the optimal measurement time determined by the present invention can accurately reflect the ability to maintain the freshness of eggs. This can be used as a standard for laying hen breeding, which can effectively improve the accuracy of laying hen breeding and improve the overall level of the ability to maintain the freshness of eggs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an egg Haugh unit detection method related to egg laying hen breeding, a method for determining an optimal egg Haugh unit measurement time and a corresponding egg laying hen breeding method, and belongs to the technical field of poultry breeding. Background Art

[0002] As people's quality of life improves, consumers have higher and higher requirements for the freshness of eggs. It takes some time for commercial eggs to be produced and consumed by consumers. It is particularly important to maintain the freshness of eggs at a high level during this period. The Haugh unit is an important indicator for measuring the freshness of eggs. Therefore, using the Haugh unit of eggs as a breeding indicator for laying hens is an effective means to improve the loss of freshness of commercial eggs as the storage time increases. Since the Haugh unit of eggs tends to decrease with the extension of egg storage time, the values ​​of the Haugh unit detected on different dates after the eggs are produced are different. Therefore, how to determine the best measurement time for the Haugh unit of eggs is the key to using the Haugh unit of eggs as a breeding indicator for laying hens. The existing relevant industry recommended standards NY / T1758-2009 Fresh Egg Grade Specifications and NY / T823-2020 Poultry Production Performance Terminology and Measurement Calculation Methods use Haugh units as "an indicator for measuring egg protein quality and freshness" and specify specific testing methods. The Haugh units obtained by this method can measure the egg protein quality and freshness of the egg sample at the time of testing, but cannot reflect the egg's ability to maintain egg protein quality and freshness or its ability to resist deterioration. Li Xiaoli (Li Xiaoli. Haugh units are an important indicator for testing egg quality [J]. Journal of Inspection and Quarantine, 2013, 23 (2): 48-49.) weighed eggs within 24 hours of production for testing when introducing the Haugh unit testing method as an important indicator for testing egg quality. This testing method can also only measure the egg protein quality and freshness of the egg at the time of production (within 24 hours), but cannot reflect the egg's ability to maintain egg protein quality and freshness.

[0003] The time when consumers actually buy and eat eggs is not the day when the eggs are laid. Since the test data on the day of laying eggs cannot reflect the impact of the egg storage time on the freshness, it cannot well reflect the freshness quality of the eggs when consumers actually buy and eat eggs. Therefore, we should find a test time that can better reflect the freshness of eggs and their ability to resist deterioration as the best test time for the Haugh unit, which can be used for purposes such as laying hen breeding. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a Haugh unit detection method, a measurement time determination method and a laying hen breeding method, so as to improve the ability to maintain the freshness of eggs through the breeding of Haugh units and better meet the needs of consumers.

[0005] The technical solution for achieving the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is: a method for detecting Haugh units in eggs related to laying hen breeding, taking the 4th day after laying eggs (taking the egg-laying day as the 1st day, the same below) as the optimal detection time, and detecting Haugh units at the optimal detection time, the eggs are Luodao Red eggs, and the laying hens are Luodao Red laying hens; or taking the 3rd day after laying eggs as the optimal detection time, and detecting Haugh units at the optimal detection time, the eggs are White Leghorn eggs, and the laying hens are White Leghorn laying hens; or taking the 5th day after laying eggs as the optimal detection time, and detecting Haugh units at the optimal detection time, the eggs are Jinghong No. 1 commercial eggs, and the laying hens are Jinghong No. 1 commercial laying hens.

[0006] The method for determining the optimal time for measuring the Haugh units of eggs is as follows: eggs laid by laying hens of the same breed on the same day are divided into multiple groups, one group is selected on the day of laying to detect the Haugh units of each egg and the average value is calculated, and then one group is selected from the remaining egg groups every day to detect the Haugh units of each egg and the average value is calculated until the Haugh units of each group of eggs are tested, the difference in the average values ​​of the Haugh units of every two adjacent days is calculated, and the second day of the two adjacent days with the largest difference (i.e., the day with the fastest decrease in the Haugh units of eggs) is selected as the optimal time for measuring the Haugh units of eggs of the laying hens of the breed.

[0007] Furthermore, the laying hens that produce eggs are reared in the same manner and environment, for example, laying hens from the same flock or the same chicken farm that adopt the same rearing manner and environment.

[0008] Furthermore, the eggs are grouped in a random manner.

[0009] Furthermore, the sample groups tested every day are randomly selected from the sample groups to be tested or numbered in the order of grouping.

[0010] Furthermore, the calculation of the average value of the Haugh units and the difference between the average values ​​can be calculated in real time every day after the relevant basic data is obtained every day, or the average value of the Haugh units of each group of eggs can be uniformly calculated after the Haugh units of each group of eggs are tested and recorded.

[0011] Preferably, the Haugh units of eggs (the Haugh units of each egg in the selected egg group) are detected at a fixed time every day, that is, the time interval between detecting the Haugh units of eggs on any two consecutive days is 24 hours.

[0012] Preferably, the time for detecting the Haugh units of eggs (the Haugh units of each egg in the selected egg group) on the day of egg laying is within 14 hours after egg laying.

[0013] Preferably, the number of groups of eggs is no less than 7.

[0014] Preferably, the number of eggs in each group of eggs is the same.

[0015] Preferably, the number of eggs in each group of eggs is not less than 100.

[0016] Preferably, the eggs are selected before being grouped, and unqualified eggs, such as broken eggs or cracked eggs, are removed.

[0017] A method for breeding laying hens, using Haugh units as an indicator for breeding laying hens, wherein the Haugh units are Haugh units obtained by detecting the Haugh units of eggs related to breeding laying hens disclosed in the present invention, or the Haugh units are Haugh units detected at the optimal detection time determined by any method for determining the optimal measurement time of Haugh units of eggs disclosed in the present invention.

[0018] The Haugh units may also include the Haugh units on the day of egg laying. Combining the Haugh units at the optimal measurement time with the Haugh units on the day of egg laying can better reflect the protein quality and freshness of eggs and their changing characteristics, and thus better measure / predict the protein quality and freshness when consumers actually purchase or consume them.

[0019] For example, for eggs produced by laying hens of the same breed, the Haugh units of each egg are tested at the optimal measurement time of the Haugh units of the eggs of the laying hens of the breed, and the laying hens or chicken flocks with the highest Haugh units or eggs within the qualified value range are selected as the breeding hens or chicken flocks for breeding, and other breeding indicators can be based on the actual breeding standards or methods implemented.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention determines the optimal detection time of the Haugh units of eggs produced by laying hens of corresponding breeds by analyzing the law of changes in the Haugh units of eggs produced by laying hens of various breeds with the placement time. The results obtained by performing the Haugh units detection on eggs at the determined optimal measurement time can accurately reflect the ability to maintain the freshness of the eggs. This can be used as a standard for laying hen breeding, which can effectively improve the accuracy of laying hen breeding, thereby improving the overall level of the ability to maintain the freshness of eggs produced by laying hens, extending the storage time of eggs, and accelerating the laying hen breeding process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining an optimal measurement time of an egg Haugh unit according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is a bar graph of the Haugh unit of the Lodoss red egg of the present invention changing over time;

[0023] Figure 3 is a bar graph of the Haugh units of white Leghorn eggs of the present invention changing over time;

[0024] Figure 4It is a bar graph showing the change of the Haugh unit of the Jinghong No. 1 commercial egg of the present invention over time. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] Based on the experimental findings, the Haugh unit of eggs has the following variation pattern: According to the test results of several samples randomly grouped on different dates after the eggs were laid, the Haugh unit (average value) of eggs showed a gradual downward trend as the time after the eggs were laid increased. In a period of time after the eggs were laid, the decline on different dates was different, and the daily decline on a certain day was significantly greater than the daily decline before and after that day. In other words, the average daily decline (calculated from the date of egg laying) showed an obvious peak on that day, so the Haugh unit on that day can better reflect the downward trend of the Haugh unit over time. And when the Haugh units on the egg-laying day are roughly the same, the eggs laid by different laying hens have a large difference in the Haugh units on that day, and this difference is likely to reflect / or come from the characteristics of the laying hens themselves rather than simply external interference factors or accidental factors. Therefore, the Haugh unit on that day can better reflect the ability of eggs to maintain freshness or resist deterioration, and can be used as an indicator to measure the quality of the corresponding eggs, and can also be used for laying hens breeding. At the same time, this day is relatively close to the egg-laying day, which is conducive to reducing storage time, reducing detection costs and improving work efficiency.

[0026] The optimal time for measuring Haugh units can be determined experimentally by the following method: Figure 1 , randomly divide the eggs laid by the same breed of laying hens on the same day (same day) into multiple groups, randomly select one group of eggs from the multiple groups on the day of laying eggs to detect the Haugh units of each egg and calculate the average value, then randomly select one group of eggs from the remaining egg groups every day to detect the Haugh units of each egg and calculate the average value, until the Haugh units of each group of eggs are all tested, calculate the difference in the average value of the Haugh units of each adjacent two days, and select the second day of the two adjacent days with the largest difference (i.e., the day with the fastest decrease in the Haugh units of eggs) as the best measurement time for the Haugh units of the eggs of the said breed of laying hens. The average value of the Haugh units of each group of eggs can also be calculated uniformly after the Haugh units of each group of eggs are tested and recorded.

[0027] The method for determining the optimal measurement time of the Haugh units of eggs is determined by analyzing the change pattern of the Haugh units of eggs produced by laying hens of various breeds with the placement time, and the results obtained by performing the Haugh units test on eggs at the determined optimal measurement time can accurately reflect the ability to maintain the freshness of the eggs.

[0028] Preferably, the Haugh units of eggs (the Haugh units of each egg in the selected egg group) are tested at a fixed time every day, that is, the time interval between the Haugh units of eggs tested on any two consecutive days is 24 hours, so as to ensure that the test results of each day can accurately reflect the change pattern of the Haugh units of eggs with the storage time (in days).

[0029] The time for testing the Haugh units of eggs (the Haugh units of each egg in the selected egg group) on the day of egg laying is preferably within 14 hours after egg laying, for example, 3 hours, 5 hours, 10 hours or 14 hours after egg laying, to ensure that the test results can accurately reflect the freshness of the eggs on the day of egg laying. For eggs, a fixed time can be set every day to start testing, such as 12 o'clock or 14 o'clock, etc., to facilitate practical operation. When the number of samples tested at one time (one day) is large enough, for example, 100, the difference in the time of laying of a single egg will not have a substantial impact on the average value.

[0030] The number of groups of eggs is preferably not less than 7, such as 7, 8 or 10, so that the change pattern of the Haugh unit of eggs with the storage time can be accurately reflected through a sufficient number of sample groups (egg groups).

[0031] The number of eggs in each group of eggs is preferably the same, and the number of eggs in each group of eggs is preferably not less than 100, for example 100, 120 or 150, so that a sufficient number of samples (eggs) can be used to reduce the impact of individual samples with large differences on the test results, so that the calculated average value of the Haugh unit of eggs can more accurately reflect the freshness of the eggs of this variety at the time of testing.

[0032] Before the eggs are grouped, they are preferably selected to remove unqualified eggs, such as broken eggs or cracked eggs.

[0033] Embodiment 1 (taking eggs laid by Luodao Red Hen as an example):

[0034] The method for determining the optimal time for measuring the Haugh units of eggs is:

[0035] (1) 715 eggs laid by 782 350-day-old Rock Island Red hens were collected, broken or cracked eggs and other unqualified eggs were removed, and finally 700 eggs were selected and randomly divided into 7 groups, with 100 eggs in each group;

[0036] (2) Lay each group of eggs flat on the ground in turn, randomly select a group of eggs every day, perform Haugh unit test on each egg in the group and calculate the average value, and test continuously for 7 days. The Haugh unit test time on the day of egg laying (which can be called the first day) is 8 hours after egg laying. The Haugh unit test time of each day thereafter is 24 hours apart from the Haugh unit test time of the previous day. The calculated average Haugh unit value of each group of eggs is as follows: Figure 2 As shown;

[0037] (3) Calculate the difference between the average values ​​of the Haugh units on two consecutive days. The calculation results are shown in Table 1.

[0038] Table 1 The difference in the mean values ​​of Haugh units of eggs produced by Rock Island Red hens tested on two consecutive days

[0039]

[0040] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that as the egg placement time increases, the Haugh unit of the egg shows a gradual downward trend. Among them, the average values ​​of the Haugh unit of the eggs in each group tested in the first three days (1st, 2nd, and 3rd days) are significantly different (significant difference P <0.05), and were significantly higher than the mean values ​​of Haugh units of eggs in each group tested 4 days after eggs were placed (4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th days) (significant difference P <0.05). As shown in Table 1, the difference between the average values ​​of Haugh units detected on the 3rd day and the 4th day is relatively higher than the difference between the average values ​​of Haugh units detected on any other two days, indicating that the decrease in the average value of Haugh units on the 4th day of egg placement is higher than that in other time periods.

[0041] Therefore, on the fourth day of laying, the Haugh units decreased fastest, and this day (the fourth day of laying the eggs) was taken as the best time to measure the Haugh units to reflect the freshness of the eggs laid by the Rock Island Red hens.

[0042] Embodiment 2 (taking eggs produced by White Leghorn hens as an example):

[0043] The method for determining the optimal time for measuring the Haugh units of eggs is:

[0044] (1) A total of 1145 eggs produced by 1293 298-day-old White Leghorn hens were collected, and broken or cracked eggs and other unqualified eggs were removed. Finally, 1125 eggs were selected and randomly divided into 9 groups, with 125 eggs in each group;

[0045] (2) Lay each group of eggs flat on the ground in turn, randomly select a group of eggs every day, perform Haugh unit test on each egg in the group and calculate the average value, and test continuously for 9 days. The Haugh unit test time on the day of egg laying (which can be called the first day) is 14 hours after egg laying. The Haugh unit test time of each day thereafter is 24 hours apart from the Haugh unit test time of the previous day. The calculated average Haugh unit value of each group of eggs is as follows: Figure 3 As shown;

[0046] (3) Calculate the difference between the average values ​​of the Haugh units on each of the two consecutive days. The calculation results are shown in Table 2.

[0047] Table 2 The difference in the mean values ​​of Haugh units of eggs produced by White Leghorn hens tested on two consecutive days

[0048]

[0049] Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that as the egg placement time increases, the Haugh unit of the egg shows a gradual downward trend. Among them, the average values ​​of the Haugh unit of the eggs in each group tested in the first 4 days (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th days) are significantly different ( P <0.05), and were significantly higher than the average Haugh units of eggs in each group tested 5 days after the eggs were placed (5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th day) ( P <0.05). As shown in Table 2, the difference between the average values ​​of Haugh units detected on the second day and the third day is relatively higher than the difference between the average values ​​of Haugh units detected on any other two days, indicating that the decrease in the average value of Haugh units on the third day of egg placement is higher than that in other time periods.

[0050] Therefore, the Haugh units decrease fastest on the third day after the eggs are laid, and this day (the third day after the eggs are laid) is taken as the best time to measure the Haugh units to reflect the freshness of the eggs laid by White Leghorn hens.

[0051] Example 3 (taking eggs produced by Jinghong No. 1 commercial hens as an example):

[0052] The method for determining the optimal time for measuring the Haugh units of eggs is:

[0053] (1) A total of 1498 eggs were collected from 1571 commercial hens of Jinghong No. 1, aged 181 days. Broken or cracked eggs and other unqualified eggs were removed. Finally, 1474 eggs were selected and randomly divided into 11 groups, with 134 eggs in each group.

[0054] (2) Lay each group of eggs flat on the ground in turn, randomly select a group of eggs every day, perform Haugh unit test on each egg in the group and calculate the average value, and continue the test for 11 days. The Haugh unit test time on the day of egg laying (which can be called the first day) is 7 hours after egg laying. The Haugh unit test time of each day thereafter is 24 hours apart from the Haugh unit test of the previous day. The calculated average Haugh unit value of each group of eggs is as follows: Figure 4 As shown;

[0055] (3) Calculate the difference between the average values ​​of the Haugh units on each of the two consecutive days. The calculation results are shown in Table 3.

[0056] Table 3 The difference in the mean values ​​of Haugh units of eggs produced by Jinghong No. 1 commercial hens tested on two consecutive days

[0057]

[0058] Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that as the egg placement time increases, the Haugh unit of the egg shows a gradual downward trend. Among them, the average values ​​of the Haugh units of the eggs in each group tested in the first 5 days (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th days) are significantly different ( P <0.05), and were significantly higher than the average Haugh units of eggs in each group tested 6 days after the eggs were placed (6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th day) ( P <0.05). As shown in Table 3, the difference between the average values ​​of Haugh units detected on the 4th day and the 5th day is relatively higher than the difference between the average values ​​of Haugh units detected on any other two days, indicating that the decrease in the average value of Haugh units on the 5th day of egg placement is higher than that in other time periods.

[0059] Therefore, the Haugh units decrease fastest on the fifth day after the eggs are laid, and this day (the fifth day after the eggs are laid) is taken as the best time to measure the Haugh units, which reflects the freshness of eggs produced by Jinghong No. 1 commercial hens.

[0060] The present invention also discloses a method for breeding laying hens, wherein the Haugh units of eggs produced by laying hens of the same breed are detected at the optimal Haugh units determination time of the eggs of the laying hens of the breed, and laying hens or flocks of eggs with the highest Haugh units or eggs within a qualified value range (e.g., 70-75 or 75-80) are selected as breeding hens or flocks for breeding, and the optimal Haugh units determination time of the eggs of the laying hens of the breed is determined by any of the methods for determining the optimal Haugh units determination time of eggs described in the present invention. The method is used for breeding laying hens, which can not only improve the overall level of the ability to maintain the freshness of eggs produced by the bred laying hens, extend the storage time of the eggs, but also improve the accuracy of breeding laying hens and accelerate the breeding process of laying hens. Specifically for the breeding of Lodo Red hens, the Haugh units of each egg are tested on the 4th day after egg collection; specifically for the breeding of White Leghorn hens, the Haugh units of each egg are tested on the 3rd day after egg collection; specifically for the breeding of Jinghong No. 1 commercial hens, the Haugh units of each egg are tested on the 5th day after egg collection. Laying hens or chicken flocks with the highest test results or eggs within the qualified value range are selected for breeding.

Claims

1. A method for determining the optimal measurement time of egg Haugh units, characterized in that The eggs laid by laying hens of the same breed on the same day are divided into multiple groups. On the day of laying, one group is selected to test the Haugh units of each egg and calculate the average value. Then, one group is selected from the remaining egg groups every day to test the Haugh units of each egg and calculate the average value until the Haugh units of each group of eggs are tested. The difference in the average values ​​of the Haugh units of two adjacent days is calculated, and the later day of the two adjacent days with the largest difference is selected as the optimal time for measuring the Haugh units of eggs of the laying hens of the breed. The 4th day after egg laying is taken as the best detection time, and the Haugh unit is detected at the best detection time, the eggs are Luodao Red eggs, and the laying hens are Luodao Red laying hens; or, The third day after egg laying is taken as the best detection time, and the Haugh unit is detected at the best detection time, the eggs are white Leghorn eggs, and the laying hens are white Leghorn laying hens; or, The fifth day after egg laying is taken as the optimal detection time, and the Haugh unit is detected at the optimal detection time. The eggs are Jinghong No. 1 commercial egg generations, and the laying hens are Jinghong No. 1 commercial laying hens.

2. The method for determining the optimal measurement time of the Haugh unit of an egg as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The laying hens that produce eggs are reared in the same manner and environment.

3. The method for determining the optimal measurement time of the Haugh unit of an egg as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The eggs were grouped in a random manner.

4. The method for determining the optimal measurement time of egg Haugh units as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The sample groups to be tested each day are randomly selected from the sample groups to be tested or numbered in the order of grouping.

5. The method for determining the optimal measurement time of egg Haugh units as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The Haugh units of eggs were tested at a fixed time every day.

6. The method for determining the optimal measurement time of the Haugh unit of an egg as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The number of eggs in each group was the same.

7. A method for breeding laying hens, characterized in that The Haugh unit is used as an indicator for breeding laying hens, and the Haugh unit is detected at the optimal detection time determined by the method for determining the optimal measurement time of the Haugh unit of an egg according to any one of claims 1-6.

8. The laying hen breeding method according to claim 7, characterized in that The Haugh units include the Haugh units on the day of egg laying.

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