A dam-break type green water test device and test method

Abstract

This invention discloses a dam-break type wave-on test device and method, relating to the field of wave-on testing, and solves the problems of existing wave-on test devices being unable to achieve precise synchronous visualization of the flow field and failing to consider the deck wave load under the combined action of water and air. The invention includes a gate lifting system, a dam-break test water tank, a model attitude adjustment system, and a phenomenon observation system. The dam-break test water tank includes a water storage area, an impact area, and a baffle arrangement area. The water storage area stores test water, the impact area is used to place the test model for wave-on testing, and the baffle arrangement area is used to install sensors and place cables. The model attitude adjustment system is located below the impact area to adjust the model's attitude and control its lifting and lowering. The gate lifting system is located above the water storage area to control the gate's lifting and lowering. The phenomenon observation system records the wave-on test phenomena. Air is pumped into the water to simulate bubble breakage. This invention utilizes a high-speed camera to assist in analyzing the water movement path and simulates the deck wave load under the combined action of water and air by pumping air into the water.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wave testing, specifically to a dam-break type wave testing device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Upward wave loads are a significant load factor causing damage to the deck structures of ships and offshore platforms and threatening the lives of crew members. Generally, there are two types of deck upward waves: one is where the upward wave rushes onto the deck, forming a stagnant flow that moves along the deck with increasing speed, impacting various outfitting structures and generating upward wave loads; the other is a rolling, high-speed wave that directly collides with outfitting equipment on the deck, causing a slamming impact and generating enormous slamming loads. Because deck upward waves are a strongly nonlinear gas-liquid-solid three-phase coupling phenomenon, the relevant theoretical and numerical methods are still underdeveloped. Therefore, upward wave model testing technology is one of the important means to study upward wave loads. In scientific research, the dam-break phenomenon is often used to simulate deck upward waves for related load prediction and phenomenon analysis, serving the structural safety design of marine structures.

[0003] Existing wave impact testing techniques are generally based on the dam-break theory, releasing a sufficient volume of water from a height to utilize the gravitational potential energy of the water to impact the deck structure, thereby simulating wave loads. Several publicly available patents exist in the field of deck wave impact testing, such as Chinese patent CN110006613A, which discloses a ship deck wave impact testing device and method, including a water flow impact test tank, a gate lifting and lowering system, and a water circulation system. The water flow impact test tank includes a dam-break box, an impact box, and a water storage tank. The dam-break box and the impact box are connected, and the dam-break box and the impact box are located above the water storage tank. The impact box and the water storage tank are connected by a connecting hole. By storing water in the dam-break box and releasing it by raising the gate, a dam-break water impact test model is achieved to simulate deck waves. After the dam-break water flows through the model, it enters the water storage tank below and can be recycled through pumping. However, this method does not describe in detail the recording methods for the wave impact test phenomenon, cannot achieve precise synchronous visualization of the flow field, and does not consider the deck wave load caused by the combined effect of water and air. Therefore, there is still considerable room for improvement in existing technologies and measurement methods. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues of existing wave-breaking test devices' inability to achieve precise synchronous visualization of the flow field and their failure to consider deck wave loads under combined water-air interactions, this invention proposes a dam-break type wave-breaking test device and method. This invention can adjust the model's attitude to simulate deck wave-breaking under heel and trim conditions; by using an external air pump, air bubbles can be quantitatively added to the dam-break water, allowing for consideration of deck wave loads under combined water-air interactions, thus more closely approximating actual deck wave conditions; and by utilizing a high-speed camera to assist in analyzing water movement paths, combined with pressure and force sensors on the model surface, the physical phenomena and load characteristics of the wave-breaking test can be analyzed synchronously.

[0005] This invention proposes a dam-break type wave-up test device, which specifically includes a gate lifting system, a dam-break test water tank, a model attitude adjustment system, and a phenomenon observation system. The dam-break test water tank includes a water storage area, an impact area, and a baffle arrangement area, which are sequentially connected to form the main body of the water tank. The water storage area is used to store test water, the impact area is used to place the test model for wave-up testing, and the baffle arrangement area is used to install sensors and place cables. The impact area includes a movable base plate, which is movably installed at the bottom of the main body of the water tank. The model attitude adjustment system is located below the impact area and is used to adjust the model's attitude and control the model's lifting and lowering. The gate lifting system is located above the water storage area and includes an electromagnet, which controls the lifting and lowering of the gate. The phenomenon observation system is located in front of the main body of the water tank and directly facing the impact area, and is used to observe the wave-up test phenomenon.

[0006] Furthermore, the water storage area includes a gate, a wedge-shaped gate groove, and a front bottom plate of the water tank. The wedge-shaped gate groove is located inside the main body of the water tank, and the gate is slidably installed on the main body of the water tank through the wedge-shaped gate groove. The front bottom plate of the water tank is fixedly installed at the bottom of the main body of the water tank.

[0007] Furthermore, the baffle arrangement area includes a rear bottom plate of the water tank, a front baffle, a rear baffle, a pressure sensor, and a force sensor. The rear bottom plate of the water tank is installed at the bottom of the main body of the water tank. The rear baffle is installed on the rear bottom plate of the water tank. The front baffle is connected to the rear baffle through the force sensor. The pressure sensor is also installed on the front baffle.

[0008] Furthermore, the gate lifting system also includes a gate pull rope, an outer frame, a counterweight, several pulley baffles, a gate hook, and two steering pulleys. The two steering pulleys are installed on the top of the outer frame through the pulley baffles. An electromagnet is installed on the outer frame. One end of the gate pull rope passes around the two steering pulleys and is connected to the gate through the gate hook, while the other end passes through the electromagnet and is connected to the counterweight.

[0009] Furthermore, the gate lifting system also includes a weight damping cylinder and a damping sponge. The weight damping cylinder is placed directly below the counterweight, and the damping sponge is placed on the top of the outer frame and directly above the gate.

[0010] Furthermore, the model attitude adjustment system includes an upper wave model, a model frame top plate, several studs, a model frame bottom plate, and several angle pads. The upper wave model is set on the model frame top plate. Angle pads are installed at the four corners of the model frame top plate, and the model frame top plate and angle pads are installed on the studs. The lower ends of the studs are vertically installed at the four corners of the model frame bottom plate, and the model frame bottom plate is placed on a horizontal ground.

[0011] Furthermore, the phenomenon observation system includes a high-speed camera and a lifting platform, with the high-speed camera positioned on the lifting platform and facing the impact zone.

[0012] Furthermore, the dam-break type wave test device also includes an air pump and a water tank support frame, with the air pump connected to the water storage area; the water tank body is placed on the water tank support frame.

[0013] Furthermore, the main body of the water tank is made of a completely transparent acrylic sheet.

[0014] A test method using the above-mentioned dam-break type wave test device specifically includes the following steps:

[0015] a. Preparation stage: In an area where the flatness of the ground meets the test requirements, complete the equipment assembly; insert the gate along the wedge-shaped gate groove into the main body of the water tank, turn on the electromagnet power supply, and attract the counterweight; adjust the posture of the wave model, connect the pressure sensor (22) at the measuring point, and adjust the position of the high-speed camera; turn on the air pump, add water to the water storage area to the specified height, and add dye.

[0016] b. Experimental phase: The electromagnet is turned off, the gate rises, and the high-speed camera captures the water flow phenomenon; the pressure sensor, force sensor, and high-speed camera begin to collect data synchronously.

[0017] c. Once one wave test is completed, repeat steps a and b for the next test.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the dam-break type wave-up test device and test method described in this invention are as follows:

[0019] (1) The dam-break type wave test device and test method described in this invention are made of fully transparent acrylic sheet material for the main body of the water tank, which improves the light transmittance. Dyeing agent is added during the test to improve the clarity of water movement phenomena, which facilitates multi-camera observation and recording of test phenomena by high-speed cameras.

[0020] (2) The dam-break type wave test device and test method of the present invention can adjust the attitude of the model to simulate the wave on the deck under the conditions of roll and pitch by setting the model attitude adjustment system;

[0021] (3) The dam-break type wave test device and test method described in this invention can add air bubbles quantitatively to the dam-break water by means of an external air pump, which can simulate the deck wave load under the combined action of water and air, and is closer to the actual deck wave situation under the actual sea conditions.

[0022] (4) The dam-break type wave test device and test method described in this invention can analyze the water movement path with the assistance of a high-speed camera, and can perform synchronous analysis of the physical phenomena and load characteristics of the wave test in conjunction with the pressure and force sensors on the model surface.

[0023] (5) The dam-break type wave test device and test method described in this invention can simulate special deck superstructure structures through detachable bottom plate and baffle model, and can also conduct simple two-dimensional wave test to verify numerical algorithm. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0025] In the attached diagram:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a dam-break type wave-up test device according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a front view of the dam-break water tank in a three-dimensional wave test of a dam-break type wave test device according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 The dam-break type wave test device described in this invention is... Figure 2 Top view in the middle;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a front view of the dam-break water tank in a two-dimensional wave test of a dam-break type wave test device according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 The dam-break type wave test device described in this invention is... Figure 4 Top view in the middle;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the movable base plate of a dam-break type wave test device according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the gate lifting system of a dam-break type wave test device according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a partial structural diagram of the gate lifting system of a dam-break type wave test device according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the model attitude adjustment system of a dam-break type wave test device according to the present invention;

[0035] The components are as follows: 1-Gate pull rope, 2-Outer frame, 3-Electromagnet, 4-Counterweight, 5-Weight-damping barrel, 6-Damping sponge, 7-Pulley baffle, 8-Gate hook, 9-Flat ground, 10-Steering pulley, 11-Air pump, 12-Water tank support frame, 13-Water tank outer wall, 14-Gate, 15-Wedge-shaped gate groove, 16-Water tank front bottom plate, 17-Water tank rear bottom plate, 18-Modible bottom plate, 19-Pressure sensor threaded hole, 20-Front baffle, 21-Rear baffle, 22-Pressure sensor, 23-Force sensor, 24-Bolt, 25-Wave model, 26-Model frame top plate, 27-Stud, 28-Model frame bottom plate, 29-Nut, 30-Angle pad, 31-High-speed camera, 32-Camera stand, 33-Fixing hole. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0037] Specific implementation method one: See Figures 1-8 This embodiment describes a dam-break wave test device, specifically comprising a gate lifting system, a dam-break test water tank, a model attitude adjustment system, and a phenomenon observation system. The dam-break test water tank is constructed from several outer tank walls 13, several bottom plates, and several baffles, and is made of 25mm thick transparent acrylic sheets. The dam-break test water tank includes a water storage area, an impact area, and a baffle arrangement area, which are connected sequentially to form the main body of the water tank, which is placed on a water tank support frame 12. The water storage area is used to store test water, the impact area is used to place the test model for wave testing, and the baffle arrangement area is used to install sensors and place cables.

[0038] The water storage area includes a gate 14, a wedge-shaped gate groove 15, and a front bottom plate 16 of the water tank. The front bottom plate 16 of the water tank is fixedly installed at the bottom of the front section of the water tank body. The wedge-shaped gate groove 15 is set inside the water tank body. The gate 14 is slidably installed on the water tank body through the wedge-shaped gate groove 15 and inserted into the front bottom plate 16 of the water tank to ensure the watertightness of the water storage area during the water storage process. During the test, the gate 14 can be raised at high speed to release the dam break water impact model for wave testing.

[0039] The gate 14 is slightly wider than the internal width of the water tank body, allowing it to be inserted into the wedge-shaped gate groove 15 from top to bottom and move up and down. The thickness of the gate 14 at the point where it mates with the wedge-shaped gate groove 15 gradually decreases from top to bottom, forming a wedge-shaped structure that is narrower at the bottom and wider at the top. The size and shape of the wedge-shaped gate groove 15 match the edge of the gate 14. This wedge-shaped edge reduces the friction between the gate 14 and the wedge-shaped gate groove 15 during the lifting process, thus enabling rapid water release. The thickness of other parts of the gate 14 is uniform, ensuring that the watertightness of the storage area is not affected. The gate 14 is made of 5mm thick PVC foam board.

[0040] The impact zone includes a movable base plate 18, which is movably mounted to the bottom of the middle section of the water tank body via bolts 24. The movable base plate 18 is made of sufficiently thick acrylic sheet material, and threads are tapped at the center line of its perimeter. Bolt holes are drilled on the outer wall 13 of the water tank at the corresponding positions of the threads on the movable base plate 18. The movable base plate 18 and the outer wall 13 of the water tank are connected by bolts 24. When conducting a three-dimensional wave test, the movable base plate 18 can be removed from the bottom of the water tank body, and when conducting a two-dimensional wave test, the movable base plate 18 can be reinstalled at the bottom of the water tank body. The movable base plate 18 is also provided with several pressure sensor threaded holes 19, which are used to install the probes of pressure sensors 22.

[0041] The baffle arrangement area includes a rear bottom plate 17, a front baffle 20, a rear baffle 21, a pressure sensor 22, and a force sensor 23. The rear bottom plate 17 is installed at the bottom of the rear section of the water tank body. The front baffle 20 and the rear baffle 21 are made of 20mm transparent acrylic sheets, and their width is the same as the internal width of the water tank body. With the horizontal plane as the transverse plane, the longitudinal cross-section of the rear baffle 21 is L-shaped, and two fixing holes 33 are opened on the short side of the L-shaped rear baffle 21. The front baffle 20 and rear baffle 21 are connected to the rear base plate 17 of the water tank through fixing holes 33; the front baffle 20 and rear baffle 21 are threaded at the four vertices of the baffle; the force sensor 23 has protruding studs at the front and rear, which engage with the threads at the four corners of the front baffle 20 and rear baffle 21 respectively, connecting the front baffle 20 and rear baffle 21 together, and the end face of the stud is flush with the surface of the front baffle 20 and rear baffle 21; the stud of the force sensor 23 is the force-bearing part of the sensor. The pressure sensor 22 is arranged on the longitudinal centerline of the front baffle 20, and the two are connected by threads or strong glue. The integrated structure formed by the front baffle 20, rear baffle 21, pressure sensor 22 and force sensor 23 is installed on the rear base plate 17 of the water tank through two fixing holes 33 on the short side of the rear baffle 21, and the connection method is bolt connection.

[0042] During the two-dimensional experiment, several probes of the pressure sensor 22 are installed in the threaded holes 19 of the pressure sensor on the movable base plate 18, with the upper surface of the probes flush with the surface of the movable base plate 18. During the three-dimensional experiment, the probes of the pressure sensor 22 are connected to the measuring points of the wave model 25. Considering the uneven distribution of the wave load, the pressure sensor 22 is used to measure the impact pressure generated locally on the model by the wave flow, in Pa; the force sensor 23 is used to measure the impact load caused by the wave flow on the model as a whole, in N.

[0043] The dam-break type wave test device also includes an air pump 11, which is placed on a flat ground 9. The water tank body has a connection hole in the water storage area. The air pipe of the air pump 11 is inserted from the connection hole. At the same time, the connection hole is watertight with a rubber sleeve. The air pump 11 is used to pump air into the water to simulate the phenomenon of bubble breakage, thereby simulating the wave load phenomenon of deck under the combined action of water and air under real conditions.

[0044] The gate lifting system also includes a gate pull rope 1, an outer frame 2, an electromagnet 3, a counterweight 4, several pulley baffles 7, a gate hook 8, and two steering pulleys 10. The pulley baffles 7 are fixed to the top of the outer frame 2 by welding, and the steering pulleys 10 are installed on the top of the outer frame 2 through the pulley baffles 7. The electromagnet 3 is installed on the outer frame 2. One end of the gate pull rope 1 passes around the two steering pulleys 10 and is connected to the gate 14 through the gate hook 8, and the other end passes through the electromagnet 3 and is connected to the counterweight 4. The gate 14 is raised and lowered by attracting the counterweight 4 through the electromagnet 3. The gate pull rope 1 is made of steel wire rope and can move on the steering pulleys 10.

[0045] The gate lifting system also includes a weight damping cylinder 5 and a damping sponge 6. The weight damping cylinder 5 is placed directly below the counterweight 4. The weight damping cylinder 5 is filled with cushioning materials such as foam sponge to prevent the counterweight 4 from vibrating upon landing and affecting the experiment. The counterweight 4 can move up and down. When the weight moves, the highest position is at the electromagnet 3, and the lowest position is at the bottom of the damping cylinder 5. The damping sponge 6 is set on the top of the outer frame 2 and directly above the gate 14. When the gate 14 rises, it is cushioned by the damping sponge 6 to prevent the gate 14 from directly colliding with the outer frame 2 and causing damage to the device.

[0046] The model attitude adjustment system is located below the impact zone and is used to adjust the model's attitude and control its lifting and lowering. During a three-dimensional wave-climbing test, the model attitude adjustment system guides the wave-climbing model 25 into the corresponding impact zone within the water tank body. The model attitude adjustment system includes the wave-climbing model 25, a model frame top plate 26, several studs 27, a model frame bottom plate 28, nuts 29, and several angle pads 30. The wave-climbing model 25 is mounted on the model frame top plate 26 and fixed using bolts and nuts. Elongated holes are milled at the four vertices of stud 27, corresponding to the stud 26. Angle shims 30 are installed in the elongated holes and fitted onto stud 27. Each elongated hole and angle shim 30 has a nut 29 at its top and bottom. The position and orientation of the top plate 26 of the model frame are adjusted by the cooperation of the angle shims 30, nuts 29, and stud 27. Elongated holes are milled at the four vertices of the bottom plate 28 of the model frame. The lower end of stud 27 passes through the elongated holes and is fixed to the bottom plate 28 of the model frame by clamping a nut at its top and bottom. The bottom plate 28 of the model frame is placed on a flat ground 9. During the test preparation stage, the orientation of the top plate 26 of the model frame and the wave model 25 can be adjusted by adjusting the relative positions of the angle shims 30 on the four studs 27.

[0047] The phenomenon observation system records the phenomenon of the wave test, including a high-speed camera 31 and a lifting platform 32. The high-speed camera 31 is set on the lifting platform 32 and faces the impact zone. The height, position and shooting angle of the high-speed camera 31 can be adjusted according to the test needs to record the test phenomenon. Figure 2 The grid lines divide the main body of the water tank into several small areas. The experimental phenomena recorded by the high-speed camera 31, in conjunction with the grid lines, can be used to quantitatively analyze the movement of the water waves.

[0048] A test method using the above-mentioned dam-break type wave test device specifically includes the following steps:

[0049] a. Preparation stage: In an area where the ground flatness meets the test requirements, set up the test equipment according to... Figure 1 As shown, assemble and arrange the gate 14 along the wedge-shaped gate groove 15 into the main body of the water tank, turn on the power of the electromagnet 3, attract the counterweight 4, and keep the gate closed; adjust the posture of the wave model 25 according to the working conditions, connect the pressure sensor (22) at the measuring point of the wave model 25, and adjust the position of the high-speed camera 31; turn on the air pump 11; add water to the water storage area to the specified height, and add sufficient dye to the water;

[0050] b. Experimental phase: When electromagnet 3 is turned off, gate 14 rises under the action of counterweight 4, releasing the water wave; high-speed camera 31 captures the water flow phenomenon at the moment of water wave release; pressure sensor 22, force sensor 23 and high-speed camera 31 start measuring and collecting data simultaneously; when the water wave impact process ends, pressure sensor 22, force sensor 23 and high-speed camera stop measuring simultaneously.

[0051] c. Once one wave test is completed, repeat steps a and b for the next test.

[0052] In summary, the dam-break type wave-up test device and method of this invention uses a fully transparent acrylic sheet for the main body of the water tank, which improves light transmittance. The addition of a dye during the test enhances the clarity of water movement phenomena, facilitating multi-camera observation and recording of the test phenomena by a high-speed camera 31. The dam-break type wave-up test device and method of this invention allows adjustment of the attitude of the wave-up model 25 through a model attitude adjustment system, simulating deck wave-up under roll and pitch conditions. Furthermore, the dam-break type wave-up test device and method of this invention can utilize an external air pump 11 to generate heat in dam-break water. Adding a precise amount of air bubbles can simulate the deck wave load under the combined action of water and air, more closely resembling the actual deck wave situation under real sea conditions. The dam-break type wave test device and method described in this invention uses a high-speed camera 31 to assist in analyzing the water movement path, and in conjunction with the pressure sensor 22 and force sensor 23 on the model surface, can synchronously analyze the physical phenomena and load characteristics of the wave test. The dam-break type wave test device and method described in this invention can simulate special deck superstructure structures through a detachable movable base plate 18 and baffle model, and can also conduct simple two-dimensional wave tests to verify numerical algorithms.

[0053] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. They can also be reasonable combinations of the features described in the above embodiments. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dam-break type green water test device, characterized by: The dam-break test water tank comprises a water storage area, an impact area and a baffle arrangement area, which are sequentially connected to form a main body of the water tank; the water storage area is used for storing test water, the impact area is used for placing a test model for wave test, and the baffle arrangement area is used for installing sensors and placing cables; the impact area comprises a movable bottom plate (18) which is movably installed at the bottom of the main body of the water tank; The model posture adjusting system is arranged below the impact area and is used for adjusting the posture of the model and controlling the lifting of the model; The gate lifting system is arranged above the water storage area and comprises an electromagnet (3) which is used for controlling the lifting of the gate (14); The phenomenon observation system is arranged in front of the main body of the water tank and faces the impact area, and is used for observing the wave test phenomenon. The model posture adjusting system comprises a wave model (25), a model rack top plate (26), a plurality of studs (27), a model rack bottom plate (28) and a plurality of angle pads (30); the wave model (25) is arranged on the model rack top plate (26); the model rack top plate (26) is provided with the angle pads (30) at four corners; the model rack top plate (26) and the angle pads (30) are installed on the studs (27); the lower ends of the studs (27) are vertically installed at four corners of the model rack bottom plate (28), and the model rack bottom plate (28) is placed on a horizontal ground.

2. The dam breach type green water test device of claim 1, wherein: The water storage area comprises a gate (14), a wedge-shaped gate groove (15) and a front water tank bottom plate (16); the wedge-shaped gate groove (15) is arranged in the main body of the water tank, and the gate (14) is slidably installed on the main body of the water tank through the wedge-shaped gate groove (15); the front water tank bottom plate (16) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the main body of the water tank.

3. The dam breach type green water test device of claim 1, wherein: The baffle arrangement area comprises a rear water tank bottom plate (17), a front baffle (20), a rear baffle (21), a pressure sensor (22) and a force sensor (23); the rear water tank bottom plate (17) is installed at the bottom of the main body of the water tank, the rear baffle (21) is installed on the rear water tank bottom plate (17), the front baffle (20) is connected to the rear baffle (21) through the force sensor (23), and the pressure sensor (22) is further installed on the front baffle (20).

4. The dam breach type overboard test apparatus of claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein: The gate lifting system further comprises a gate pull rope (1), an outer frame (2), a counterweight weight (4), a plurality of pulley baffles (7), a gate hook (8) and two turning pulleys (10); the two turning pulleys (10) are installed on the top of the outer frame (2) through the pulley baffles (7); the electromagnet (3) is installed on the outer frame (2); one end of the gate pull rope (1) is connected to the gate (14) through the gate hook (8) by passing through the two turning pulleys (10), and the other end is connected to the counterweight weight (4) by passing through the electromagnet (3).

5. The dam breach type green water test device of claim 4, wherein: The gate lifting system further comprises a weight damping cylinder (5) and a damping sponge (6); the weight damping cylinder (5) is placed directly below the counterweight weight (4), and the damping sponge (6) is arranged on the top of the outer frame (2) and directly above the gate (14).

6. The dam breach type overboard test apparatus of claim 1, 2, 3, or 5, wherein: The phenomenon observation system comprises a high-speed camera (31) and a lifting platform (32), and the high-speed camera (31) is arranged on the lifting platform (32).

7. The dam breach type green water test device of claim 1, wherein: The dam-bursting type wave-over test device further comprises an air pump (11) and a water tank support frame (12), the air pump (11) is connected with the water storage area, and the water tank support frame (12) is provided with a water tank body.

8. The dam breach type overboard test apparatus of claims 1, 2, 3, 5, or 7, wherein: The water tank body is made of a full-transparent acrylic plate.

9. A test method using the overtopping test device of claim 8, characterized by: Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: a. preparation stage: in the area where the ground flatness meets the test requirements, the equipment is assembled; the gate (14) is inserted into the water tank body along the wedge-shaped gate groove (15), the power of the electromagnet (3) is turned on, the counterweight weight (4) is adsorbed, the posture of the wave-over model (25) is adjusted, the pressure sensor (22) is connected at the measuring point position, the position of the high-speed camera (31) is adjusted, the air pump (11) is turned on, water is added to the water storage area to a specified height, and a dyeing agent is added; b. test stage: the electromagnet (3) is turned off, the gate (14) rises, the high-speed camera (31) captures the water flow phenomenon, and the pressure sensor (22), the force sensor (23) and the high-speed camera (31) start to synchronously collect data; c. one wave-over test is completed, and the next test is carried out by repeating steps a and b.

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