An indoor testing device and method for the impermeability and erosion resistance of ecological slope protection surface.

Abstract

This invention provides an indoor testing device and method for the surface impermeability and erosion resistance of ecological slope protection. It includes a slope simulation device with a rainfall simulation device mounted above it. The slope simulation device comprises an inclined soil-rock bearing device and a slope soil-rock layer, on which a vegetation layer is arranged. The slope simulation device is supported by a slope adjustment device. The erosion material collection device includes a mud-water collection tank, a collection trough, and a collection container. The mud-water collection tank collects surface runoff and erosion material from the vegetation layer; the collection trough collects seepage water between the vegetation layer and the slope soil-rock layer; and the collection container collects mud-water that has infiltrated below the slope soil-rock layer. This invention considers the runoff at the interface between the substrate and the slope, comprehensively analyzes the infiltration patterns of rainfall on the slope, and provides data and basis for numerical simulation and analysis processes. It provides a more accurate quantitative evaluation of the impermeability and erosion resistance of vegetation, and is more rigorous than existing testing methods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological slope protection testing technology, specifically an indoor test method for the surface impermeability and erosion resistance performance of ecological slope protection. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of my country's economy, the number of railway and highway transportation lines is constantly increasing, resulting in a large number of exposed slopes. Exposed slopes not only affect the nearby ecological environment and landscape, but can also cause landslides, threatening life and property. Ecological slope protection technology is being used more and more frequently in the field of slope protection, as it combines ecological restoration and slope stabilization functions and is applied in many projects. Rainfall is a major factor causing slope instability. In recent years, my country has experienced more frequent heavy rainfall, causing numerous landslides, debris flows, and other natural disasters. Therefore, research on the impermeability and erosion resistance of slope protection structures is extremely important. Currently, research on the rainwater erosion resistance of anchor-mounted plant root ecological slope protection structures mainly focuses on surface splash erosion, with limited research on the impact of plant root systems on soil seepage and the permeability of the rock and soil.

[0003] The key to maintaining slope surface stability using hydroseeding technology lies in the properties of the resulting vegetation layer. Soil and water loss on slope surfaces is a complex process involving seepage and erosion; surface runoff, leaf interception, and root drainage all influence slope rainfall. Currently, calculation indicators for the resistance to rainfall erosion and seepage in vegetated slopes are relatively singular and cannot accurately reflect the enhancing effect of the vegetation layer on slope stability under rainfall. Therefore, providing an indoor testing device and method for the seepage and erosion resistance performance of ecological slope protection surfaces that comprehensively considers multiple factors is a problem urgently needing to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides an indoor testing device and method for the surface impermeability and erosion resistance of ecological slope protection. It enables indoor simulation of slope rock and soil masses and hydroseeded green slope protection structures, studying the erosion damage indicators of vegetation slope protection structures under rainfall conditions. The obtained indicators can be used for infiltration mechanism analysis and research, providing technical and guiding value for the study and analysis of the stability of hydroseeded green slope protection structures. Slope instability is mainly caused by soil and water loss due to rainfall. Slope surface rainfall mainly consists of rainwater infiltration, surface runoff, groundwater runoff, and evaporation. Traditional erosion devices can only reflect the erosion resistance of slope protection vegetation through surface runoff; further research is needed on the reduction in slope stability caused by soil and substrate infiltration and root drainage.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical means:

[0006] An indoor ecological slope protection surface impermeability and erosion resistance test device includes a slope simulation device, and a rainfall simulation device is set above the slope simulation device.

[0007] The slope simulation device includes an inclined soil and rock layer bearing device, which is divided into multiple areas by partitions, and each area contains a slope soil and rock layer; and the soil and rock bearing device is provided with multiple through holes at the location of the slope soil and rock layer.

[0008] The slope simulation device is supported by a slope adjustment device, which is used to adjust the slope of the slope simulation device.

[0009] A vegetation layer is arranged on the simulated soil and rock layer of the slope.

[0010] Each of the areas is provided with a flushing material collection device, which includes a mud and water collection tank, a collection trough, and a collection container;

[0011] The collection trough includes a trough with a semi-circular cross-section and an insert plate fixedly connected to one side wall of the trough. The insert plate is vertically inserted into the bottom of the slope of the soil and rock bearing device from the back side and is slidably connected to the soil and rock bearing device. The top of the insert plate has a grid, and the bottom of the insert plate is a solid baffle. The solid baffle is used to block seepage water between the vegetation layer and the slope soil and rock layer and to allow seepage water to flow into the trough. The grid is used to support the vegetation layer and to allow surface runoff and scour flow on the vegetation layer to flow into the mud and water collection box.

[0012] The mud and water collection box is located at the bottom of the slope of the soil and rock bearing device and is used to collect surface runoff and scour material on the vegetation layer;

[0013] The collection container is detachably installed on the back side of the soil and rock bearing device to collect mud and water that seeps into the soil and rock layer of the slope.

[0014] Preferably, the collection container is provided with multiple evenly distributed baffles from top to bottom, so that the collection container has multiple sub-collection areas for measuring the amount of rainwater infiltration at different locations of the slope soil and rock layer.

[0015] Preferably, the slope adjustment device includes a support plate, an angle-adjustable bracket, a slide rail, and a locking buckle;

[0016] The support plate is vertically installed at the bottom of the slope of the soil and rock bearing device, and its top is rotatably connected to the bottom of the slope of the soil and rock bearing device. The slide is horizontally installed, and one end is fixedly connected to the support plate. The upper end of the angle-adjustable bracket is hinged to the back side of the soil and rock bearing device, and the lower end of the angle-adjustable bracket is slidably connected to the slide. The latch is used to lock the bottom of the angle-adjustable bracket onto the slide.

[0017] Preferably, the rainfall simulation device includes a height-adjustable bracket and a rainfall plate located on top of the height-adjustable bracket. The rainfall plate is hinged to the top of the height-adjustable bracket via a hinge shaft. A serpentine arrangement of connecting pipes is arranged on the lower surface of the rainfall plate. The bottom of the connecting pipes has multiple water outlet holes, and a flow meter is installed on the connecting pipes.

[0018] This invention also provides a test method for the impermeability and erosion resistance of the surface layer of an indoor ecological slope protection layer, when the slope is a rock slope: including the following steps:

[0019] (1) At least one first vegetation layer is obtained by planting vegetation indoors, and a substrate is prepared when planting the first vegetation layer. At least one second vegetation layer is obtained by sampling vegetation on site. Both the first and second vegetation layers include overlying vegetation and a substrate layer in which the vegetation is located. According to the rock conditions of the slope studied, slope rock and soil layers with corresponding roughness and different surface morphologies are made. The slope rock and soil layers and galvanized wire mesh layers are placed on the slope surface bearing device, and a layer of the substrate is sprayed on. Then the substrate layers of the first and second vegetation layers are placed.

[0020] (2) Adjust the position of the solid baffle according to the thickness of the first vegetation layer, the second vegetation layer and the slope rock and soil layer, and make the grid located at the bottom of the substrate layer to ensure that the solid baffle can intercept the seepage water between the first vegetation layer and the slope rock and soil layer, and between the second vegetation layer and the slope rock and soil layer; adjust the slope adjustment device to make the slope of the slope simulation device reach the preset value.

[0021] (3) Adjust the rainfall intensity and flow rate of the rainfall simulation device according to the experimental design;

[0022] (4) Collect the mud and water in the mud and water collection box and the collection tank, weigh them, and dry them;

[0023] (5) Calculation and analysis of scour volume: Calculate the scour depth, surface runoff, weight of water in vegetation and rock layers after rainfall, and runoff between vegetation and rock layers by the amount of soil removed from the rain belt.

[0024] When the slope is an earth slope, the following steps are included:

[0025] (1) Take the soil of the slope under study as the slope rock and soil layer, place galvanized iron wire mesh to simulate the actual slope spraying construction process, and cover it with substrate and plant vegetation to obtain the first vegetation layer combined with the slope rock and soil layer; sample the vegetation on the slope under study and place it on the galvanized iron wire mesh as the second vegetation layer; place the slope rock and soil layer with the first vegetation layer and the second vegetation layer on the rock and soil layer bearing device.

[0026] (2) Adjust the slope adjustment device to bring the slope of the slope simulation device to a preset value;

[0027] (3) Adjust the rainfall intensity and flow rate of the rainfall simulation device according to the experimental design;

[0028] (4) Collect the mud and water in the mud and water collection box and collection container, weigh it, and dry it;

[0029] (5) Calculation and analysis of scour volume, using the amount of soil removed from the rain belt to calculate scour depth, surface runoff, water weight in vegetation and soil layers after rainfall, root drainage and seepage in soil layers, analysis of seepage at different slope locations (top, middle and bottom), and analysis of the influence of slope on slope seepage.

[0030] An indoor test method for the surface impermeability and erosion resistance of ecological slope protection, which can be used to study various aspects of the impermeability and erosion resistance of vegetated slopes, is as follows:

[0031] I. Comparative Study on Erosion Resistance of Indoor Planted Vegetation and Field-Sampled Vegetation:

[0032] Indoor planting allows for easy control of various variables, such as temperature and maintenance conditions, in experiments. However, when the same planting substrate is sprayed onto an actual slope, uncontrollable outdoor factors affect plant growth—germination rate, survival rate, and plant height. Consequently, the slope protection performance of the plant differs from that of indoor experiments. This experimental setup allows for simultaneous comparison of the erosion resistance of indoor and actual slope vegetation, providing guidance for adjustments during actual construction.

[0033] II. Study on the impact of rainfall intensity on the erosion resistance of vegetation:

[0034] By adjusting the flow rate and pressure in the rainfall device, rainfall of different intensities can be simulated. The erosion test is set up to take into account the rainfall flow rate and duration, and to fully consider the impact of different rainfall conditions on the erosion resistance of vegetation.

[0035] III. Study on the influence of slope gradient on the erosion resistance of slope vegetation:

[0036] By adjusting the angle-adjustable bracket in the slope adjustment device, and cooperating with the slide and locking mechanism, any slope gradient from 0 to 90° can be simulated, allowing for the study of the impact of slope on the erosion resistance of vegetation.

[0037] IV. Study on the impact of plant growth stages on erosion resistance:

[0038] The development of stems and leaves and the growth and extension of plant roots during vegetation growth affect the erosion resistance of slopes. In the indoor vegetation cultivation process, multiple control groups can be set up to plan experiments with different vegetation growth durations and the effects of plant density, plant height, and root content on erosion resistance.

[0039] V. Study the impact of different substrate configurations on the erosion resistance of vegetation:

[0040] The configuration of vegetation substrate in hydroseeding slope protection is crucial for plant growth and greatly affects the erosion resistance of the slope surface. During indoor vegetation cultivation, control groups with different vegetation substrate configurations can be set up, including but not limited to controlling the substrate composition, texture, and moisture content.

[0041] VI. Study the impact of different construction methods on scour resistance:

[0042] The example describes the traditional hydroseeding slope protection construction process, including netting and hydroseeding substrate. However, due to various factors such as site slope, rock strata, and climate, there are many forms of slope greening. Greening methods such as vegetation bags, shotcrete surface + vegetation substrate, and vegetation bags + vegetation substrate can all be adjusted in the steps to study the impact of vegetation on the slope's erosion resistance.

[0043] VII. Study on the impact of maintenance methods on the erosion resistance of slope vegetation:

[0044] In actual engineering projects, due to limitations in environment, climate, and economic conditions, the maintenance of slopes after construction varies greatly. Irrigation, sunlight, fertilization, and other factors have a significant impact on plant growth, which in turn affects the erosion resistance of slope vegetation.

[0045] VIII. Study on the impact of vegetation configuration on the erosion resistance of slope vegetation:

[0046] Plant species have a certain impact on the erosion resistance of slopes. Different plants have vastly different stem and leaf content, root content, and root morphology, resulting in significant differences in their soil reinforcement effects.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0048] 1. By considering the runoff at the interface between the substrate and the slope, and comprehensively analyzing the pattern of rainfall infiltration on the slope, data and basis can be provided for numerical simulation and analysis, and the vegetation's impermeability and erosion resistance can be evaluated more accurately and rigorously than existing testing methods.

[0049] 2. Applicable to the study of slope erosion resistance under different working conditions, it can simulate the actual slope condition by adjusting different slopes, substrate thickness, and rock strata conditions, which is more in line with the actual engineering conditions.

[0050] 3. It can compare and analyze the impact of different plant configurations, plant densities, and grass-shrub configurations on the erosion resistance mechanical properties of ecological slope protection, and has guiding significance for the construction and research of slope hydroseeding projects.

[0051] 4. It can compare and analyze the erosion resistance of indoor planted vegetation and field-sampled vegetation. It can conduct erosion tests without site or topographical limitations, and multiple sets of tests can be carried out simultaneously, effectively improving test efficiency.

[0052] 5. The test device has a simple structure, low cost, and adjustable slope, which can comprehensively analyze the effects of rainfall erosion and seepage, and provide guidance for adjusting the appropriate slope substrate mix ratio.

[0053] 6. For different slope revegetation technologies, the steps in the experimental setup can be adjusted according to the actual situation to reasonably simulate the real construction process. Different slope restoration technologies can be tested, their recovery processes simulated, and the optimal restoration technology can be selected through experiments.

[0054] Based on the above reasons, this invention can be widely promoted in fields such as ecological slope protection testing. Attached Figure Description

[0055] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0056] Figure 1 This is a back view of an indoor ecological slope protection surface impermeability and erosion resistance testing device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 2 This is a front view of an indoor ecological slope protection surface impermeability and erosion resistance testing device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the through hole of the soil and rock bearing device in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the slide and the latch in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rain plate structure in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the collection tank structure in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the collection container structure in a specific embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0063] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0064] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0065] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0066] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0067] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0068] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "over," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation besides the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is inverted, a device described as "above" or "above" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0069] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0070] Example 1

[0071] like Figures 1-7 As shown, an indoor ecological slope protection surface impermeability and erosion resistance test device includes a slope simulation device 1, and a rainfall simulation device 2 is set above the slope simulation device 1.

[0072] The slope simulation device 1 includes an inclined soil and rock layer bearing device 11, which is divided into multiple areas by partitions, and a slope soil and rock layer 12 is placed in each area; the soil and rock bearing device 11 is provided with multiple through holes 13 at the location of the slope soil and rock layer 12; a vegetation layer 14 is arranged on the slope soil and rock simulation layer 12; and a scour material collection device 4 is provided below each area.

[0073] The slope simulation device 1 is supported by a slope adjustment device 3, which is used to adjust the slope of the slope simulation device 1; the slope adjustment device 3 includes a support plate 31, an angle-adjustable bracket 32, a slide rail 33, and a locking buckle 34.

[0074] The support plate 31 is vertically installed at the bottom of the slope of the soil and rock bearing device 11, and its top is rotatably connected to the bottom of the slope of the soil and rock bearing device 11. The slide rail 33 is horizontally installed, and one end is fixedly connected to the support plate 31. The upper end of the angle-adjustable bracket 32 ​​is hinged to the back side of the soil and rock bearing device 11, and the lower end of the angle-adjustable bracket 32 ​​is slidably connected to the slide rail 33. The latch 34 is used to lock the bottom of the angle-adjustable bracket 32 ​​onto the slide rail 33.

[0075] The rainfall simulation device 2 includes a height-adjustable bracket 21 and a rainfall plate 22 located on top of the height-adjustable bracket 21. The rainfall plate 22 is hinged to the top of the height-adjustable bracket 21 via a hinge shaft. A serpentine arrangement of connecting pipes 23 is arranged on the lower surface of the rainfall plate 22. The bottom of the connecting pipes 23 has multiple water outlet holes 24, and a flow meter 25 is installed on the connecting pipes 23.

[0076] The scour material collection device 4 includes a mud and water collection tank 41, a collection trough 42, and a collection container 43;

[0077] The collection trough 42 includes a trough 44 with a semi-circular cross-section and an insert plate fixedly connected to one side wall of the trough 44. The insert plate is vertically inserted into the bottom of the slope of the soil and rock bearing device 11 from the back side of the soil and rock bearing device 11 and is slidably connected to the soil and rock bearing device 11. The top of the insert plate has a grid 45 and the bottom of the insert plate is a solid baffle 46. The solid baffle 46 is used to block the seepage water between the vegetation layer 14 and the slope soil and rock layer 12 and to allow the seepage water to flow into the trough 44. The grid 45 is used to support the vegetation layer 14 and to allow the surface runoff and scour flow on the vegetation layer 14 to flow into the mud and water collection box 41.

[0078] The mud and water collection box 41 is located in front of the slope bottom of the soil and rock bearing device 1, and is used to collect surface runoff and scour material on the vegetation layer 14;

[0079] The collection container 43 is detachably installed on the back side of the soil and rock bearing device 11 to collect mud and water that has seeped into the soil and rock layer 12 of the slope. The collection container 43 is provided with multiple evenly distributed baffles from top to bottom, so that the collection container 43 has multiple sub-collection areas for measuring the amount of rainwater infiltration at different locations of the soil and rock layer 12 of the slope.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] An indoor ecological slope protection surface impermeability and erosion resistance test method is provided, using the device mentioned in Example 1; the slope soil layer 12 is a permeable soil layer such as soft rock and weathered soil layer;

[0082] For permeable rock and soil layers such as soft rock and weathered soil, the main study of rainfall seepage is the erosion of vegetation layer, rhizosphere drainage and seepage from vegetation layer to rock and soil layer, which causes the rock and soil mass to landslide and become unstable along the sliding surface.

[0083] Includes the following steps:

[0084] The soil and rock samples of the slope to be studied were sealed in bags and brought into the laboratory. Soil particles simulating soil layers were added to the bottom of the substrate planting box, and galvanized iron wire mesh was placed to simulate the actual slope hydroseeding process. The prepared substrate—loess, peat soil, mycorrhizae, rice husk fiber, plant seeds, etc.—was then covered for plant cultivation. A parallel control group without plant cultivation was also set up.

[0085] The vegetation layer and simulated soil and rock layer, which had been cultivated for two months, were placed on the experimental device, and a control group was placed at the same time to carry out the scouring test.

[0086] Adjust the slope adjustment device 3 to the slope of the slope under study;

[0087] Rainfall was controlled according to the designed rainfall intensity and flow rate to conduct scour tests;

[0088] Collect the mud and water in mud and water collection box 41 and collection container 43, weigh them, and dry them;

[0089] Calculation and analysis of scour volume: The mud and water collection tank 41 contains soil particles M1 from the infiltration of the substrate layer and the scour carried away by the slope, with a dry weight of m1; the collection container 43 contains rhizosphere drainage and seepage from the soil and rock layer M2, with a dry weight of m2; the rainfall is M, then the weight of water in the vegetation layer and soil and rock layer after rainfall is W = M - (M 1- m1)-(M 2- The weights of the scour material in each sub-collection area within container 43 are collected as A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6, respectively. The weights after drying are a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, and a6. The seepage flows at different locations on the slope are A1-a1, A2-a2, A3-a3, A4-a4, A5-a5, and A6-a6. This allows for the analysis of seepage conditions at different slope locations and the influence of slope gradient on slope seepage.

[0090] Example 3

[0091] An indoor test method for the impermeability and erosion resistance of the surface layer of ecological slope protection, using the device mentioned in Example 1; slope soil layer 12 hard rock and rock layer with low permeability;

[0092] The study of rainfall seepage mainly focuses on the erosion of the vegetation layer and the interlayer runoff between the vegetation layer and the rock layer. Poor bonding between the vegetation layer and the rock layer will lead to the risk of vegetation layer detachment.

[0093] The process includes the following steps: mixing the substrate and planting the plants;

[0094] A model of a natural slope rock layer was created, with a thickness of 5cm, based on the lithology of the slope under study.

[0095] The rock layer, galvanized wire mesh layer, and substrate layer for planting are placed sequentially on the soil and rock support device 11, and a parallel control group without planting is set up.

[0096] Based on the thickness of the substrate layer and the rock layer, the position of the solid baffle 46 is such that the grid 45 is located exactly at the bottom of the vegetation substrate layer, ensuring that water seepage between the vegetation layer and the simulated rock layer can be intercepted.

[0097] Adjust the slope adjustment device 3 to the slope of the slope under study;

[0098] Rainfall was controlled according to the designed rainfall intensity and flow rate to conduct scour tests;

[0099] Collect the mud and water from mud and water collection tank 41 and collection trough 42, weigh them, and dry them;

[0100] Calculation and analysis of scour volume: The mud and water collection tank 41 contains soil particles M1 from the infiltration of the substrate layer and the scour carried away by the slope, with a dried weight of m1; the collection trough 42 contains runoff M3 between the substrate layer and the rock layer, with a dried weight of m3; the rainfall is M, then the weight of water stored in the vegetation layer and the rock layer after rainfall is W = M - (M 1- m1)-(M 3- m3).

[0101] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An indoor testing device for the impermeability and erosion resistance of ecological slope protection surface, characterized in that, Includes a slope simulation device, with a rainfall simulation device installed above the slope simulation device; The slope simulation device includes an inclined soil and rock layer bearing device, which is divided into multiple areas by partitions, and each area contains a slope soil and rock layer; and the soil and rock bearing device is provided with multiple through holes at the location of the slope soil and rock layer. The slope simulation device is supported by a slope adjustment device, which is used to adjust the slope of the slope simulation device. A vegetation layer is arranged on the simulated soil and rock layer of the slope. Each of the areas is provided with a flushing material collection device, which includes a mud and water collection tank, a collection trough, and a collection container; The collection trough includes a trough with a semi-circular cross-section and an insert plate fixedly connected to one side wall of the trough. The insert plate is vertically inserted into the bottom of the slope of the soil and rock bearing device from the back side and is slidably connected to the soil and rock bearing device. The top of the insert plate has a grid, and the bottom of the insert plate is a solid baffle. The solid baffle is used to block seepage water between the vegetation layer and the slope soil and rock layer and to allow seepage water to flow into the trough. The grid is used to support the vegetation layer and to allow surface runoff and scour flow on the vegetation layer to flow into the mud and water collection box. The mud and water collection box is located at the bottom of the slope of the soil and rock bearing device and is used to collect surface runoff and scour material on the vegetation layer; The collection container is detachably installed on the back side of the soil and rock bearing device to collect mud and water that seeps into the soil and rock layer of the slope.

2. The indoor ecological slope protection surface impermeability and erosion resistance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The collection container is equipped with multiple evenly distributed baffles from top to bottom, so that the collection container has multiple sub-collection areas for measuring the amount of rainwater infiltration at different locations in the slope soil and rock layer.

3. The indoor ecological slope protection surface impermeability and erosion resistance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slope adjustment device includes a support plate, an angle-adjustable bracket, a slide rail, and a locking buckle; The support plate is vertically installed at the bottom of the slope of the soil and rock bearing device, and its top is rotatably connected to the bottom of the slope of the soil and rock bearing device. The slide is horizontally installed, and one end is fixedly connected to the support plate. The upper end of the angle-adjustable bracket is hinged to the back side of the soil and rock bearing device, and the lower end of the angle-adjustable bracket is slidably connected to the slide. The latch is used to lock the bottom of the angle-adjustable bracket onto the slide.

4. The indoor ecological slope protection surface impermeability and erosion resistance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rainfall simulation device includes a height-adjustable bracket and a rainfall plate located on top of the height-adjustable bracket. The rainfall plate is hinged to the top of the height-adjustable bracket via a hinge shaft. A serpentine arrangement of connecting pipes is arranged on the lower surface of the rainfall plate. The bottom of the connecting pipes has multiple water outlet holes, and a flow meter is installed on the connecting pipes.

5. A test method for the impermeability and erosion resistance of an indoor ecological slope protection surface layer, characterized in that, The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4 comprises the following steps: (1) At least one first vegetation layer is obtained by planting vegetation indoors, and at least one second vegetation layer is obtained by sampling vegetation on site; after placing the first and second vegetation layers on the slope rock and soil layer, the slope rock and soil layer is placed on the rock and soil layer bearing device. (2) Adjust the slope adjustment device to bring the slope of the slope simulation device to a preset value; (3) Adjust the rainfall intensity and flow rate of the rainfall simulation device according to the experimental design; (4) Weigh the mud and water collected in the flushing material collection device and dry it; (5) Calculation and analysis of flushing volume.

6. The test method for the impermeability and erosion resistance of the surface layer of an indoor ecological slope protection layer according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the slope rock and soil layer is a rock slope, in step (1), according to the rock conditions of the slope being studied, slope rock and soil layers with corresponding roughness and different surface morphologies are made, and a substrate is prepared when preparing the first vegetation layer; the slope rock and soil layer and the galvanized wire mesh layer are placed on the slope surface bearing device, and a layer of the substrate is sprayed on, and then the first vegetation layer and the second vegetation layer are placed; before adjusting the slope adjustment device, the position of the solid baffle is adjusted according to the thickness of the first vegetation layer, the second vegetation layer and the slope rock and soil layer, to ensure that the solid baffle can intercept the seepage water between the first vegetation layer and the slope rock and soil layer, and the seepage water between the second vegetation layer and the slope rock and soil layer; In step (4), the mud and water in the mud and water collection box and the collection tank are collected, weighed, and dried.

7. The test method for the impermeability and erosion resistance of the surface layer of an indoor ecological slope protection layer according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the slope rock and soil layer is a soil slope, in step (1), the soil of the slope under study is used as the slope rock and soil layer, and galvanized iron wire mesh is placed to simulate the actual slope spraying construction process. The substrate is covered and the first vegetation layer is planted. The vegetation on the slope under study is sampled and covered as the second vegetation layer. In step (4), the mud and water in the mud and water collection box and collection container are collected, weighed, and dried.

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