Microscopic p-scan automatic measurement system based on stm32

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of nonlinear optical measurement, and provides a microscopic P-Scan automatic measurement system based on STM32. The problems of poor experimental accuracy caused by manual measurement of the existing microscopic measurement system are solved. The system comprises a measurement light path and a control unit; an attenuating disc is carried by a stepping motor; a wireless communication module is used for receiving a motion instruction sent by a host computer and sending a pulse signal to a stepping motor drive board; after receiving the pulse signal, the stepping motor drive board provides a driving current to the stepping motor, and the stepping motor drives the attenuating disc to rotate by a corresponding angle to achieve the required incident power in the experiment; and the power probe CMOS image sensor is connected with the host computer for communication. The application has short measurement time and high measurement accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of nonlinear optical measurement technology, specifically relating to an automatic microscopic P-Scan measurement system based on STM32. Background Technology

[0002] Nonlinear optics, an important branch of modern optics and photonics, primarily studies the phenomena and applications arising from the interaction between strong light and nonlinear dielectric materials, including optical harmonic generation, laser frequency modulation, ultrafast optical switching, optical detection, and optical imaging. Although nonlinear optical effects have been widely applied in photonic devices and have demonstrated unique advantages in many aspects, significant nonlinear effects only occur when the applied electric field is sufficiently strong. Therefore, the inherent nonlinear optical response of materials is weak. Existing nonlinear optical crystals often improve nonlinear conversion efficiency by increasing the interaction length; however, due to their large size, they are difficult to apply to integrated micro / nano optoelectronic devices. In recent years, thanks to the ability of surface plasmons to confine electromagnetic waves around nanostructures, metallic nanostructures can form a huge electromagnetic field enhancement in a subwavelength local space, thereby greatly promoting the interaction between light and matter, improving weak light nonlinear effects, and helping to reduce the size of nonlinear optical devices.

[0003] When measuring the nonlinear optical properties of materials, the most common methods are Z-scan and P-scan. Z-scan involves changing the sample's position at the laser focal point while keeping the incident power constant. The sample is moved past the laser beam's focal point, and the transmitted power is measured at a point behind the sample. Due to the self-focusing effect, these quantities change, allowing us to obtain the sample's absorptivity as a function of the sample's position. P-scan keeps the sample's position constant and changes the incident power using an attenuation disk. The transmitted power is then measured at a point behind the sample. Again, the change in incident power alters these quantities, allowing us to obtain the sample's absorptivity as a function of the incident power.

[0004] Currently, the main measurement systems available both domestically and internationally are macroscopic P-Scan and Z-Scan, which cannot meet the requirements for measuring micro and nanomaterials. Furthermore, most microscopic measurement systems both domestically and internationally are performed manually, resulting in poor experimental accuracy, extreme time consumption, manual recording of collected data, significant errors, and the inability to perform macroscopic P-Scan and Z-Scan measurements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems in the prior art, the present invention provides an automatic measurement system for microscopic P-Scan based on STM32.

[0006] This invention is achieved using the following technical solution: a microscopic P-Scan automatic measurement system based on STM32, comprising a measurement optical path and a control unit; the measurement optical path includes a laser, a pinhole, an attenuation disk, a beam splitter, a sample, a power probe, and a CMOS image sensor. The laser emitted by the laser is reflected by mirror I, passes through the pinhole, and then its incident power is changed by the attenuation disk. It then passes sequentially through mirror II, the beam splitter, and the objective lens to reach a flat area on the sample. The laser transmitted through the sample is focused at the power probe by a filter and lens I. Simultaneously, the laser reflected by the sample passes sequentially through the objective lens, the beam splitter, lens II, and lens III to form an image at the CMOS image sensor; the attenuation disk is mounted by a stepper motor.

[0007] The attenuation disk is used to change the incident power of the laser, the power probe is used to detect the output power after transmission through the sample, and the CMOS image sensor is used to observe the position of the laser on the sample to ensure that the laser is located in a flat area on the sample.

[0008] The control unit includes a controller and a host computer. The controller includes a main control chip, a stepper motor driver board, and a wireless communication module. The wireless communication module is used to receive motion commands from the host computer and send pulse signals to the stepper motor driver board. After receiving the pulse signals, the stepper motor driver board provides drive current to the stepper motor, which drives the attenuation disk to rotate at a corresponding angle to achieve the incident power required by the experiment. The power probe CMOS image sensor is connected to the host computer for communication.

[0009] Preferably, the measurement optical path further includes a white light source, lens IV, mirror III, and lens V. The white light emitted by the white light source passes sequentially through lens IV, mirror III, lens V, lens II, beam splitter, and objective lens to reach the flat area on the sample. The white light reflected by the sample passes sequentially through objective lens, beam splitter, lens II, and lens III to the CMOS image sensor, which facilitates clear observation of the laser position on the sample on the CMOS image sensor.

[0010] Preferably, reflector I, reflector II, reflector III, beam splitter and lens II are all at a 45-degree angle to the main light path incident on them, wherein reflector II and reflector III are parallel to reflector I, and beam splitter and lens II are perpendicular to reflector I; the remaining components on the measuring optical path are all perpendicular to the main light path incident on them.

[0011] Preferably, the controller further includes a step-down chip, a digital potentiometer, and an LED driver chip. The step-down chip is connected to the input terminals of the wireless communication module, the main control chip, and the digital potentiometer, respectively. The wireless communication module communicates bidirectionally with the main control chip. The output terminal of the main control chip is connected to the digital potentiometer and the stepper motor driver board, respectively. The output terminal of the digital potentiometer is connected to the LED driver chip.

[0012] Preferably, the power probe is PM100D, the stepper motor is SS0903A05A, the main control chip is STM32F103, the digital potentiometer is X9C103SIZ, the LED driver chip is PT4115, and the wireless communication module is a LoRa wireless communication module. The wireless communication module communicates with the host computer through a signal transmitter.

[0013] Preferably, the attenuation disk and the stepper motor are connected by a mounting frame. The mounting frame is a split cylindrical structure, including a mounting body and a mounting cap. The central axis of the mounting body has a through channel that matches the output shaft of the stepper motor. The central axis of the mounting body has symmetrical first nut grooves on both sides. A radially penetrating vertical groove is opened from the top surface of the mounting body downwards. The first nut groove and the vertical groove are connected. A first nut is built into the first nut groove. The mounting body is installed on the output shaft of the stepper motor by screwing on two first screws that cooperate with the first nut. The end of the mounting cap near the mounting body has a second nut groove and a disassembly block. The mounting body has a receiving slot at the position corresponding to the disassembly block. The second nut groove is located on the central axis of the mounting cap and contains a second nut. Both the attenuation disk and the mounting cap have through holes on their central axes. The attenuation disk is fixed to the upper end of the mounting cap by a second screw that cooperates with the second nut. The tilt of the attenuation disk is changed by changing the screwing amount of the two first screws, so that it always remains perpendicular to the incident laser.

[0014] Preferably, the relationship between the actual incident power of the laser after passing through the attenuation disk and the initial incident power of the laser emitted by the laser is as follows:

[0015]

[0016] In the formula, This represents the actual incident power of the laser. The initial incident power of the laser is . The attenuation coefficient of the attenuation disk. This represents the number of steps required for one cycle of a stepper motor. This represents the number of pulses received by the stepper motor driver board.

[0017] Preferably, the host computer's display interface includes a power display module and a stepper motor control module. The power display module is used to display the magnitude of the transmitted power of the laser after passing through the sample in real time. The stepper motor control module interface includes modules for motor fixed-length movement, coordinate correction, reversal, zeroing, and data acquisition. The data acquisition module interface includes the number of acquisitions, step size, current number of acquisitions, and acquisition speed.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] This invention features an STM32-based microscopic P-Scan automatic measurement system capable of both macroscopic and microscopic measurements. It observes the laser's position on the sample through imaging on a CMOS image sensor, adjusting the sample's position to ensure the laser illuminates a flat area. A high-precision stepper motor carries an attenuation disk, and the host computer integrates a motor control module and a power data acquisition module, enabling rapid and high-precision measurements. Simulated dimming using an LED driver chip ensures continuous current and eliminates flicker and noise during dimming. By adjusting the mounting bracket and the tightening of adjustable screws, the tilt of the attenuation disk is changed, ensuring it remains perpendicular to the incident laser and guaranteeing measurement accuracy.

[0020] Using this microscopic P-Scan automatic measurement system greatly reduces the time required for microscopic P-Scan measurements of samples, increasing the automatic measurement speed by about 10 times compared to purely manual measurement. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is the measurement optical path diagram of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the control unit of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is an overall schematic diagram of the controller of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the interface of the host computer of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of the actual incident power readings under the condition of no sample idling in this invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is an exploded three-dimensional structural diagram of the mounting frame of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the carrier of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cap of the present invention.

[0030] In the diagram: 1-Laser; 2-Pinhole; 3-Attenuation disk; 4-Beam splitter; 5-Sample; 6-Power probe; 7-CMOS image sensor; 8.1-Reflector I; 8.2-Reflector II; 8.3-Reflector III; 9-Objective lens; 10-Filter; 11.1-Lens I; 11.2-Lens II; 11.3-Lens III; 11.4-Lens IV; 11.5-Lens V; 12-Stepper motor; 13-White light source; 14-Mount; 14.1-Mount body; 14.11-First nut slot; 14.12-Vertical slot; 14.13-Socket; 14.2-Mount cap; 14.21-Second nut slot; 14.22-Connector block; 15-First nut; 16-First screw; 17-Second nut; 18-Second screw. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., shown in the accompanying drawings of this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportional relationships, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that the present invention can produce, should fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention. It should be noted that in this specification, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity from several other entities, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities.

[0033] This invention provides an embodiment:

[0034] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a microscopic P-Scan automatic measurement system based on STM32 includes a measurement optical path and a control unit;

[0035] The measurement optical path includes a laser 1, a pinhole 2, an attenuation disk 3, a beam splitter 4, a sample 5, a power probe 6, and a CMOS image sensor 7. The laser emitted from laser 1 is reflected by mirror I8.1, passes through pinhole 2, and then its incident power is altered by the attenuation disk 3. It then passes sequentially through mirror II8.2, beam splitter 4, and objective lens 9 to reach the flat area on sample 5. The laser transmitted through sample 5 is then focused at power probe 6 by filter 10 and lens I11.1. Simultaneously, the laser reflected from sample 5 passes sequentially through objective lens 9, beam splitter 4, lens II11.2, and lens III11.3. Imaging is performed at the CMOS image sensor 7; the attenuation disk 3 is mounted on the stepper motor 12; the measurement optical path also includes a white light source 13, lens IV 11.4, mirror III 8.3 and lens V 11.5. The white light emitted by the white light source 13 passes sequentially through lens IV 11.4, mirror III 8.3, lens V 11.5, lens II 11.2, beam splitter 4 and objective lens 9 to reach the flat area on the sample 5. The white light reflected by the sample 5 passes sequentially through objective lens 9, beam splitter 4, lens II 11.2 and lens III 11.3 to the CMOS image sensor 7.

[0036] Specifically, reflectors I8.1, II8.2, III8.3, beam splitter 4, and lens II11.2 are all at a 45-degree angle to the main optical path incident upon them. Reflectors II8.2 and III8.3 are parallel to reflector I8.1, while beam splitter 4 and lens II11.2 are perpendicular to reflector I8.1. All other components on the measurement optical path are perpendicular to the main optical path incident upon them, ensuring that the laser beam ultimately converges at the power probe 6 and the CMOS image sensor 7. The placement of each component on the measurement optical path in this invention takes into account the focal point of the component and the space available for the stage. In this embodiment, the laser emitted by laser 1 is an 800nm, 80MHz Gaussian beam. The objective lens 9 has a 50X aperture, resulting in a 3µm focused spot on sample 5. The image of this focused spot is collected by the CMOS image sensor 7. Confocal adjustment ensures that the laser focal point is located in a flat area on the surface of sample 5.

[0037] The attenuation disk 3 is used to change the incident power of the laser, the power probe 6 is used to detect the output power after transmission through the sample 5, and the CMOS image sensor 7 is used to observe the position of the laser on the sample 5 to ensure that the laser is located in a flat area on the sample 5. The purpose of the optical path excited by the white light source 13 is to facilitate clear observation of the position of the laser on the sample 5 by the CMOS image sensor 7. The description and illustration of the measurement optical path are limited to the circuit used in this invention. Other extra rays are not further described or drawn. For ease of understanding, a single solid line in the measurement optical path represents the laser, and double solid lines represent the light emitted by the white light source. The light reflected from the laser on the sample is not drawn and can be understood in conjunction with the textual description.

[0038] like Figures 6 to 8 As shown, in this embodiment, the attenuation disk 3 and the stepper motor 12 are connected by a mounting frame 14. The mounting frame 14 is a split cylindrical structure, including a mounting body 14.1 and a mounting cap 14.2. The central axis of the mounting body 14.1 has a through channel that matches the output shaft of the stepper motor. The central axis of the mounting body 14.1 has symmetrical first nut grooves 14.11 on both sides. A radially penetrating vertical groove 14.12 is opened from the upper end of the mounting body 14.1 downwards. The first nut groove 14.11 and the vertical groove 14.12 are connected. A first nut 15 is built into the first nut groove 14.11. The mounting body 14.1 is secured by screwing on two first screws 16 that cooperate with the first nut 15. Mounted on the output shaft of stepper motor 12; the end of the mounting cap 14.2 near the mounting body 14.1 has a second nut groove 14.21 and a disassembly block 14.22, and the mounting body 14.1 has a receiving slot 14.13 corresponding to the position of the disassembly block 14.22. The second nut groove 14.21 is located on the central axis of the mounting cap 14.2 and has a second nut 17 inside. Both the attenuation disk 3 and the central axis of the mounting cap 14.2 are provided with through holes. The attenuation disk 3 is fixed to the upper end of the mounting cap 14.2 by the second screw 18 that cooperates with the second nut 17. The tilt of the attenuation disk 3 is changed by changing the screwing amount of the two first screws 16 so that it always remains perpendicular to the incident laser.

[0039] The control unit of this invention includes a controller and a host computer. The controller includes a main control chip, a stepper motor driver board, and a wireless communication module. The wireless communication module is used to receive motion commands from the host computer and send pulse signals of a specific frequency and number to the stepper motor driver board. After receiving the pulse signals, the stepper motor driver board provides drive current to the stepper motor 12. The stepper motor 12 drives the attenuation disk 3 to rotate at a corresponding angle to achieve the incident power required by the experiment. The power probe 6 and the CMOS image sensor 7 are both connected to the host computer for communication.

[0040] The controller also includes a step-down chip, a digital potentiometer, and an LED driver chip. The step-down chip is connected to the wireless communication module, the main control chip, and the input of the digital potentiometer. The wireless communication module communicates bidirectionally with the main control chip. The output of the main control chip is connected to the digital potentiometer and the stepper motor driver board. The output of the digital potentiometer is connected to the LED driver chip. The power probe 6 is a PM100D, and the stepper motor 12 is an SS0903A05A. The motor driver board can achieve a maximum microstepping of 25600 steps / revolution, which translates to a minimum rotation degree of 0.0140625 degrees, fully meeting the precision requirements of microscopic P-Scan. The main control chip is an STM32F103. The main resources used in the main control chip include TIM, UART, GPIO, and IWDG. The program mainly includes communication protocol, coordinate establishment, PWM waveform modulation, and data processing functions. The digital potentiometer is model X9C103SIZ, the LED driver chip is model PT4115, and the wireless communication module is a LoRa wireless communication module. The wireless communication module communicates with the host computer through a signal transmitter.

[0041] Because the CMOS image sensor 7 requires high-definition camera shooting after dimming, analog dimming is needed to adjust the LED brightness. In actual operation, the main control chip receives instructions from the host computer and inputs a PWM wave to the X9C103SIZ digital potentiometer chip. The digital potentiometer generates a nearly continuous output voltage, which enters the PT4115 LED driver chip, and the PT4115 LED driver chip generates a continuous drive current.

[0042] Advantages of analog dimming: Analog dimming does not generate low noise during dimming, so it is less likely to produce ripple and flicker when taking pictures with digital devices; analog dimming can maintain the color temperature and color stability of LEDs without color spectrum shift; analog dimming can achieve stepless brightness control without abrupt changes.

[0043] In this invention, the relationship between the actual incident power of the laser after passing through the attenuation disk 3 and the initial incident power of the laser emitted by the laser 1 is as follows:

[0044]

[0045] In the formula, This represents the actual incident power of the laser. The initial incident power of the laser is . The attenuation coefficient of the attenuation disk. This refers to the number of steps required for one cycle of a stepper motor. One cycle here means the stepper motor shaft rotates 360 degrees. This represents the number of pulses received by the stepper motor driver board.

[0046] The entire P-Scan automatic measurement system's host computer was developed using LabVIEW. The host computer's display interface includes a power display module and a stepper motor control module. The power display module displays the real-time transmission power of the laser after passing through sample 5. In this invention, the power meter communication module's code is replaceable, enabling the automatic measurement system to be integrated with other measuring instruments, making the entire system more open and flexible. The stepper motor control module can perform functions such as fixed-length motion, direction reversal, zeroing, calibration, coordinate correction, and automatic data acquisition. Automatic data acquisition allows setting the step size and number of steps for automatic data collection, simultaneously acquiring, processing, and storing data during motor movement.

[0047] like Figure 5 As shown, this is a comparison of the actual incident power readings under two conditions of no-sample idling; the vertical axis represents the actual incident power, and the horizontal axis is the set coordinate value; the two curves perfectly overlap, demonstrating the stability and practicality of the entire system. Table 1 below shows... Figure 5 The corresponding data table (position 1 in the table represents the data at coordinate 0; the data at this point is meaningless in the experiment, so it is not filled in):

[0048]

[0049] The use of the microscopic P-Scan automated measurement system greatly reduces the time required for microscopic P-Scan measurements of samples. The automated measurement speed is about 10 times faster than that of purely manual measurement, while ensuring the accuracy of experimental results.

[0050] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A microscopic P-Scan automatic measurement system based on STM32, characterized in that: Includes the measurement optical path and control unit; The measurement optical path includes a laser (1), a pinhole (2), an attenuation disk (3), a beam splitter (4), a sample (5), a power probe (6), and a CMOS image sensor (7). The laser emitted by the laser (1) is reflected by mirror I (8.1), passes through the pinhole (2), and then the incident power is changed by the attenuation disk (3). It then passes through mirror II (8.2), beam splitter (4), and objective lens (9) in sequence to reach the flat area on the sample (5). The laser transmitted through the sample (5) is focused at the power probe (6) by filter (10) and lens I (11.1). At the same time, the laser reflected by the sample (5) passes through objective lens (9), beam splitter (4), lens II (11.2), and lens III (11.3) in sequence to form an image at the CMOS image sensor (7). The attenuation disk (3) is mounted by a stepper motor (12). The attenuation disk (3) is used to change the incident power of the laser, the power probe (6) is used to detect the output power after transmission through the sample (5), and the CMOS image sensor (7) is used to observe the position of the laser on the sample (5) to ensure that the laser is located in a flat area on the sample (5). The attenuation disk (3) and the stepper motor (12) are connected by a mounting frame (14). The mounting frame (14) is a split cylindrical structure, including a mounting body (14.1) and a mounting cap (14.2). The central axis of the mounting body (14.1) has a through channel that matches the output shaft of the stepper motor. The central axis of the mounting body (14.1) has symmetrical first nut grooves (14.11) on both sides. A radially penetrating vertical groove (14.12) is opened from the upper end of the mounting body (14.1) downward. The first nut groove (14.11) and the vertical groove (14.12) are connected. The first nut groove (14.11) contains a first nut. The mother (15) and the mount (14.1) are mounted on the output shaft of the stepper motor (12) by screwing on two first screws (16) that cooperate with the first nut (15); the mount (14.2) has a second nut groove (14.21) and a plug block (14.22) at one end near the mount (14.1), and the mount (14.1) has a socket (14.13) at the position corresponding to the plug block (14.22). The second nut groove (14.21) is located on the central axis of the mount (14.2) and has a second nut (17) inside. The attenuation disk (3) and the mount (14.2) are both provided with through holes on the central axis. The attenuation disk (3) is fixed to the upper end of the mount (14.2) by the second screw (18) that cooperates with the second nut (17); the tilt of the attenuation disk (3) is changed by changing the screwing amount of the two first screws (16) so that it always remains perpendicular to the incident laser. The control unit includes a controller and a host computer. The controller includes a main control chip, a stepper motor driver board and a wireless communication module. The wireless communication module is used to receive motion commands from the host computer and send pulse signals to the stepper motor driver board. After receiving the pulse signals, the stepper motor driver board provides driving current to the stepper motor (12). The stepper motor (12) drives the attenuation disk (3) to rotate at the corresponding angle to achieve the incident power required by the experiment. The power probe (6) and the CMOS image sensor (7) are both connected to the host computer for communication. The main control chip is an STM32F103. The controller also includes a step-down chip, a digital potentiometer and an LED driver chip. The step-down chip is connected to the input terminals of the wireless communication module, the main control chip and the digital potentiometer respectively. The wireless communication module communicates bidirectionally with the main control chip. The output terminal of the main control chip is connected to the digital potentiometer and the stepper motor driver board respectively. The output terminal of the digital potentiometer is connected to the LED driver chip.

2. The STM32-based automatic P-Scan measurement system for microscopy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measurement optical path also includes a white light source (13), lens IV (11.4), mirror III (8.3) and lens V (11.5). The white light emitted by the white light source (13) passes through lens IV (11.4), mirror III (8.3), lens V (11.5), lens II (11.2), beam splitter (4) and objective lens (9) in sequence to reach the flat area on the sample (5). The white light reflected by the sample (5) passes through objective lens (9), beam splitter (4), lens II (11.2) and lens III (11.3) in sequence to the CMOS image sensor (7), so that the position of the laser on the sample (5) can be clearly observed on the CMOS image sensor (7).

3. The STM32-based automatic P-Scan measurement system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reflector I (8.1), reflector II (8.2), reflector III (8.3), beam splitter (4) and lens II (11.2) are all at a 45-degree angle to the main light path incident on them. Among them, reflector II (8.2) and reflector III (8.3) are parallel to reflector I (8.1), and beam splitter (4) and lens II (11.2) are perpendicular to reflector I (8.1). The remaining components on the measurement optical path are all perpendicular to the main light path incident on them.

4. The STM32-based automatic P-Scan measurement system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The power probe (6) is model PM100D, the stepper motor (12) is model SS0903A05A, the digital potentiometer is model X9C103SIZ, the LED driver chip is model PT4115, and the wireless communication module is a lora wireless communication module. The wireless communication module communicates with the host computer through a signal transmitter.

5. The STM32-based automatic P-Scan measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relationship between the actual incident power of the laser after passing through the attenuation disk (3) and the initial incident power of the laser emitted by the laser (1) is as follows: In the formula, This represents the actual incident power of the laser. The initial incident power of the laser is . The attenuation coefficient of the attenuation disk. This represents the number of steps required for one cycle of a stepper motor. This represents the number of pulses received by the stepper motor driver board.

6. The automatic measurement system for microscopic P-Scan based on STM32 according to claim 1, characterized in that: The host computer's display interface includes a power display module and a stepper motor control module. The power display module is used to display the magnitude of the transmission power of the laser after passing through the sample (5) in real time. The stepper motor control module interface includes the motor's fixed-length motion, coordinate correction, reverse, zeroing, and data acquisition modules. The data acquisition module interface includes the number of acquisitions, step size, current number of acquisitions, and acquisition speed.

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