A seismic data denoising method and device, computer equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of seismic data denoising method, device, computer equipment and storage medium, comprising: obtaining the denoising region to be handled in seismic profile;Determine the reflection layer and the seismic horizon code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoising region;Determine the reference phase axis of reflection layer based on the reflection phase axis of the reflection layer corresponding to the seismic trace;Along the reference phase axis and according to the horizon code, horizon tracking is carried out on reflection layer, and the horizon trend trajectory of seismic reflection layer is determined;Along the direction of horizon trend trajectory, coherent enhancement processing is carried out.The seismic data denoising scheme provided by the application can suppress unrelated random noise, effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the section with weak seismic reflection energy, improve the continuity of the corresponding reflection phase axis, improve the processing quality of post-stack seismic data, and has very obvious profile processing effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seismic data processing technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for denoising seismic data. Background Technology

[0002] When conducting seismic exploration, the information of the first reflection wave in seismic data is usually only used to understand the underground geological structure. However, for seismic data collected in the field, in addition to the first reflection wave, there is often a lot of other interfering wave field information. Therefore, before extracting the first reflection wave information from the field seismic data, it is often necessary to process the field seismic data to improve the signal-to-noise ratio in order to suppress or eliminate other interfering wave field information, thereby achieving the purpose of strengthening the first reflection wave field information.

[0003] In existing technologies, tilted coherence enhancement technology is used to process the correlation of seismic trace signals in order to improve the spatial continuity of the superimposed profile data signals and increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the data.

[0004] In the field of seismic data processing technology, coherent enhancement is generally used for post-stack seismic data processing. Its original design idea is to calculate a weighted curve that changes with time based on the correlation of signals on a set of traces adjacent to the output trace position, and then weight the traces at the output trace position to obtain an output trace.

[0005] The specific processing methods include: establishing a model trace, mixing the seismic trace with the model trace at a set ratio to obtain a new seismic trace; defining a time window length, calculating the coherence coefficient within the time window, and sliding the time window point by point along the time direction to obtain a coherence coefficient trace; performing modification processing on the coherence coefficient trace to obtain a new coherence coefficient trace; using the new coherence coefficient trace as a weighted curve to weight the mixed trace to obtain an output seismic trace.

[0006] It should be noted that the tilt angle scanning range during coherent enhancement processing is set according to the variation range of the in-phase axis viewing tilt angle on the superimposed profile. Furthermore, for each scanning tilt angle, a horizontal coherent enhancement operation can be performed once in that tilt angle direction. In this way, a set of channels with the same number of scanning tilt angles can be obtained for each output channel position. Then, based on the specific situation of the profile data and the different requirements of people to output the profile, a specific output method is determined for output.

[0007] According to the actual processing results, tilt coherence enhancement can effectively improve the continuity of the signal in the tilt direction where there is a correlated signal within the defined tilt angle range, and can suppress uncorrelated random noise.

[0008] However, tilted coherence enhancement technology also has some shortcomings:

[0009] On the one hand, since tilt coherence enhancement requires tilt scanning, especially when the scanning tilt angle range is large, it can easily lead to the enhancement of some reflection phase axes that do not need to be enhanced, which may result in some processing artifacts. On the other hand, when performing tilt scanning based on tilt coherence enhancement technology, the tilt direction of the scan may not be consistent with the orientation of the seismic reflection layer to be processed. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: the processing artifacts that occur when the reflection phase axis that does not need to be strengthened is strengthened in the prior art, and the poor noise reduction effect when the tilt angle direction is inconsistent with the trajectory of the seismic reflection layer during tilt scanning.

[0011] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a method for denoising seismic data, comprising:

[0012] Obtain the noise-reducing region to be processed in the seismic profile;

[0013] Determine the reflection layer and seismic horizon code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoised area;

[0014] The reference phase axis of the reflecting layer is determined based on the reflection phase axis of the reflecting layer corresponding to the seismic trace.

[0015] The reflective layer is traced along the reference phase axis and according to the layer code to determine the layer strike trajectory of the seismic reflective layer.

[0016] Coherent enhancement processing is performed along the direction of the aforementioned layer trajectory.

[0017] Optionally, the step of determining the reflection layer and seismic horizon code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoised region includes:

[0018] Obtain the spatial and temporal range of the noise reduction region;

[0019] Determine the reflection layer and seismic horizon codes corresponding to the spatial range and the time range.

[0020] Optionally, the step of determining the reference phase axis of the reflecting layer based on the reflection phase axis of the reflecting layer corresponding to the seismic trace includes:

[0021] The reflection axis with the strongest signal among the reflection axes of each reflection layer is determined as the reference reflection axis.

[0022] Optionally, the step of determining the strike trajectory of the seismic reflection layer by tracing the reflection layer along the reference phase axis and according to the layer designation includes:

[0023] The reflector layers are traced along the reference phase axis and according to the layer number, and the corresponding time of the reference phase axis in each seismic trace is picked.

[0024] The corresponding time of the reference phase axis on each seismic trace is used as the reference time of the corresponding seismic trace of the reflection layer, and the time trajectory of the corresponding seismic trace is determined based on the reference time.

[0025] Optionally, the step of performing coherent enhancement processing along the direction of the stratigraphic trajectory includes:

[0026] Based on the set window length of coherent enhancement denoising processing, determine the top and bottom positions of the set coherent enhancement processing window;

[0027] Determine the positional relationship of the reference phase axis in the time window;

[0028] Coherent enhancement processing is performed along the reference phase axis and using the time window on the time trajectory of the seismic trace.

[0029] Optionally, after performing coherent enhancement processing along the reference phase axis and using the time window on the time trajectory of the seismic trace, the method further includes:

[0030] The seismic traces after coherent enhancement are smoothed along the reference phase axis, and each smoothed seismic trace is used as the output seismic trace after noise reduction.

[0031] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a seismic data denoising device, comprising:

[0032] The denoising region acquisition module is used to acquire the denoising region to be processed in the seismic profile;

[0033] The stratigraphic information determination module is used to determine the reflection layer and seismic stratigraphic code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoising area;

[0034] The reference phase axis determination module is used to determine the reference phase axis of the reflecting layer based on the reflection phase axis of the reflecting layer corresponding to the seismic trace.

[0035] The trajectory determination module is used to perform layer tracking of the reflection layer along the reference phase axis and according to the layer code to determine the layer trajectory of the seismic reflection layer.

[0036] The noise reduction module is used to perform coherent enhancement processing along the direction of the layer trajectory.

[0037] Optionally, the layer information determination module is used to:

[0038] Obtain the spatial and temporal ranges of the denoised region; determine the reflection layer and seismic horizon codes corresponding to the spatial and temporal ranges.

[0039] Optionally, the reference phase axis determination module is used for:

[0040] The reflection axis with the strongest signal among the reflection axes of each reflection layer is determined as the reference reflection axis.

[0041] Optionally, the trajectory determination module is specifically used for:

[0042] The reflector layers are traced along the reference phase axis and according to the layer number, and the corresponding time of the reference phase axis in each seismic trace is picked.

[0043] The corresponding time of the reference phase axis on each seismic trace is used as the reference time of the corresponding seismic trace of the reflection layer, and the time trajectory of the corresponding seismic trace is determined based on the reference time.

[0044] Optionally, the noise reduction module is used to:

[0045] Based on the set window length of coherent enhancement denoising processing, determine the top and bottom positions of the set coherent enhancement processing window;

[0046] Determine the positional relationship of the reference phase axis in the time window;

[0047] Coherent enhancement processing is performed along the reference phase axis and using the time window on the time trajectory of the seismic trace.

[0048] Optionally, it also includes:

[0049] The smoothing module is used to smooth the coherently enhanced seismic traces along the reference phase axis after the denoising module performs coherent enhancement processing along the reference phase axis and uses the time window on the time trajectory of the seismic traces, and use the smoothed seismic traces as the output seismic traces after denoising processing.

[0050] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the above-described method.

[0051] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, one or more embodiments of the above solutions may have the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0053] The present invention provides a method, apparatus, computer equipment, and storage medium for denoising seismic data. The method involves acquiring a denoising region to be processed within a seismic profile; determining the reflection layer and seismic horizon designation corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoising region; determining the reference phase axis of the reflection layer based on its reflection phase axis; performing horizon tracing along the reference phase axis and according to the horizon designation to determine the horizon strike trajectory of the seismic reflection layer; and performing coherent enhancement processing along the direction of the horizon strike trajectory.

[0054] It should be noted that this invention utilizes the similarity between seismic reflection signals from the same reflection layer. By targeting the strike trajectory, the seismic reflection layer can be determined for local coherent enhancement and denoising. The method first determines the seismic reflection layer corresponding to the denoising area on the stacked profile. By tracing the reflection layer, the strike trajectory of the reflection layer is determined. Then, coherent enhancement and denoising are performed along the strike trajectory of the seismic reflection layer. This avoids the negative effects that traditional tilt coherent enhancement may have due to the need for dip angle scanning, and focuses only on the processing of the target object, thus overcoming the shortcomings of traditional tilt coherent enhancement.

[0055] Furthermore, actual processing results show that the seismic data denoising scheme provided by this invention can suppress irrelevant random noise, effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of areas with weak seismic reflection energy, improve the continuity of the corresponding reflection phase axis, and improve the processing quality of post-stack seismic data, with a very significant profile processing effect. Attached Figure Description

[0056] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0057] Figure 1 A flowchart of a seismic data denoising method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 The original stacked profile of the seismic data provided by this invention;

[0059] Figure 3 To apply the seismic data denoising method provided by this invention to... Figure 2 The denoised overlay cross-section image of the original cross-section image;

[0060] Figure 4 Another flowchart of the seismic data denoising method provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 5 A structural diagram of a seismic data denoising device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 6 A structural diagram of a seismic data denoising device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 7 A structural diagram of a computer device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0064] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0065] To date, various methods and technologies related to coherent processing have emerged. From an implementation perspective, they can be categorized into three basic forms: coherent enhancement, coherent filtering, and coherent separation. Among these, coherent enhancement is the most widely used method. In the field of seismic data processing, coherent enhancement is generally used for post-stack seismic data processing. Its initial design concept was to calculate a time-varying weighted curve based on the correlation of signals on a set of adjacent traces at the output trace location, and then weight the traces at the output trace location to obtain an output trace.

[0066] In terms of specific implementation, it can be roughly divided into the following steps:

[0067] (1) Establish the model path;

[0068] (2) Mix the processing channel and the model channel at a certain ratio to obtain a new channel;

[0069] (3) Define a time window length, calculate the coherence coefficient within the time window range, slide the time window point by point along the time direction to calculate a coherence coefficient.

[0070] (4) Perform modification processing on the coherence coefficient channel to obtain a new coherence coefficient channel;

[0071] (5) The new coherence coefficient trace is used as a weighted curve to weight the trace after mixing, and an output seismic trace is obtained.

[0072] It can be said that many current methods and technologies related to coherent enhancement are largely based on this idea.

[0073] Although the principle of coherent enhancement originates from horizontal coherent enhancement, it is undoubtedly subject to significant limitations in seismic data processing. Therefore, the most widely used coherent enhancement technique in current seismic data processing technology is tilt coherent enhancement. Tilted coherent enhancement is defined by the user based on the apparent dip angle variation range of the in-phase axes on the profile, specifying the required dip angle range for coherent processing. For each scan dip angle, a horizontal coherent enhancement operation can be performed in that dip direction. This results in a set of traces for each output trace location, matching the number of scan dip angles. Then, based on the specific characteristics of the profile data and the different requirements for outputting the profile, a specific output method is determined.

[0074] Practical processing results show that tilt coherence enhancement effectively improves the signal continuity along the tilt direction where correlated signals exist within a defined tilt angle range, and suppresses uncorrelated random noise.

[0075] However, tilt coherence enhancement technology also has some shortcomings: on the one hand, since tilt coherence enhancement requires tilt scanning, especially when the scanning tilt angle range is large, it is easy to cause some reflection phase axes that do not need to be enhanced to be enhanced, which may lead to some processing artifacts; on the other hand, when performing tilt scanning based on tilt coherence enhancement technology, the tilt direction of the scan may not be consistent with the orientation of the seismic reflection layer to be processed.

[0076] Therefore, in order to solve the problems of processing artifacts that occur when the reflection phase axis that does not need to be strengthened is strengthened in the prior art, and the poor denoising effect when the tilt angle direction is inconsistent with the trajectory of the seismic reflection layer during tilt scanning, the present invention provides a seismic data denoising method, apparatus, computer equipment and storage medium.

[0077] The seismic data denoising method provided in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

[0078] In seismic data processing, the phase axis characteristics of different sections of the same reflection layer on seismic profiles sometimes show significant differences. This is due to the different geological attitudes of the same reflection layer. Influenced by tectonic movements, some sections may retain their original horizontal attitude, while in others, the originally horizontally attitudeing strata may become exceptionally complex. As a result, after processing and stacking, reflection signals from horizontally attitudeing strata can be superimposed in phase and therefore have a strong reflection phase axis, while reflection signals from complex geological attitudes cannot be perfectly superimposed and therefore exhibit weak reflection phase. Although these reflection axes are relatively weak, they all originate from the same reflecting layer, and the characteristics of the reflected signal are mainly affected by the incident signal and the physical properties of the reflecting layer. The incident signals are basically the same, and the physical properties of the same stratum are also largely consistent. Therefore, the reflected signals from the same reflecting stratum will also have a certain degree of similarity. The superposition of these similar reflected signals will also have similarity, that is, their waveform characteristics are similar to a certain extent. This similarity in waveform characteristics provides a theoretical basis for using coherent enhancement techniques to highlight the reflected signal and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the reflecting layer.

[0079] On the other hand, although the reflection phase axes corresponding to complex geological bodies are weaker than those corresponding to horizontal layers, these phase axes still exist, at least leaving traces on the seismic profile, commonly referred to as "phase axis shadows." Thus, the orientation of the reflection layer can be determined based on these shadows. If coherent enhancement processing can be performed along the orientation of the reflection layer, the signal-to-noise ratio of the reflection layer can undoubtedly be improved, and the continuity of the reflection phase axes can be enhanced. This is the basic principle of the layer-by-layer coherent enhancement denoising method proposed in this invention. Actual processing results show that the layer-by-layer coherent enhancement denoising method can effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the reflection layer and enhance the continuity of the reflection phase axes on the stacked profile.

[0080] Example 1

[0081] Based on the above analysis, this invention provides a method for denoising seismic data, such as... Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart of a seismic data denoising method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which may include the following steps:

[0082] Step S101: Obtain the noise-reducing region to be processed in the seismic profile.

[0083] Step S102: Determine the reflection layer and seismic horizon code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoised area.

[0084] In one implementation, the reflection layer and seismic horizon code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoising region can be determined as follows:

[0085] Obtain the spatial and temporal range of the noise reduction region;

[0086] Determine the reflection layer and seismic horizon codes corresponding to the spatial range and the time range.

[0087] Step S103: Determine the reference phase axis of the reflection layer based on the reflection phase axis of the reflection layer corresponding to the seismic trace.

[0088] In one implementation, the reference phase axis of the reflector can be determined as follows:

[0089] The reflection axis with the strongest signal among the reflection axes of each reflection layer is determined as the reference reflection axis.

[0090] Step S104: Track the reflection layer along the reference phase axis and according to the layer code to determine the layer direction trajectory of the earthquake reflection layer.

[0091] In one implementation, the strike trajectory of the seismic reflection layer can be determined as follows:

[0092] The reflector layers are traced along the reference phase axis and according to the layer number, and the corresponding time of the reference phase axis in each seismic trace is picked.

[0093] The corresponding time of the reference phase axis on each seismic trace is used as the reference time of the corresponding seismic trace of the reflection layer, and the time trajectory of the corresponding seismic trace is determined based on the reference time.

[0094] Step S105: Perform coherent enhancement processing along the direction of the layer orientation trajectory.

[0095] In one implementation, coherent enhancement processing can be performed as follows:

[0096] Based on the set window length of coherent enhancement denoising processing, determine the top and bottom positions of the set coherent enhancement processing window;

[0097] Determine the positional relationship of the reference phase axis in the time window;

[0098] Coherent enhancement processing is performed along the reference phase axis and using the time window on the time trajectory of the seismic trace.

[0099] The present invention provides a seismic data denoising method that obtains a denoising region in a seismic profile; determines the reflection layer and seismic horizon code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoising region; determines the reference phase axis of the reflection layer based on the reflection phase axis of the reflection layer corresponding to the seismic trace; performs horizon tracing along the reference phase axis and according to the horizon code to determine the horizon strike trajectory of the seismic reflection layer; and performs coherent enhancement processing along the direction of the horizon strike trajectory.

[0100] It should be noted that this invention utilizes the similarity between seismic reflection signals from the same reflection layer. By targeting the strike trajectory, the seismic reflection layer can be determined for local coherent enhancement and denoising. The method first determines the seismic reflection layer corresponding to the denoising area on the stacked profile. By tracing the reflection layer, the strike trajectory of the reflection layer is determined. Then, coherent enhancement and denoising are performed along the strike trajectory of the seismic reflection layer. This avoids the negative effects that traditional tilt coherent enhancement may have due to the need for dip angle scanning, and focuses only on the processing of the target object, thus overcoming the shortcomings of traditional tilt coherent enhancement.

[0101] In addition, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 Actual processing results show that the seismic data denoising scheme provided by this invention can suppress irrelevant random noise, effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of areas with weak seismic reflection energy, improve the continuity of the corresponding reflection phase axis, and improve the processing quality of post-stack seismic data, with a very obvious profile processing effect.

[0102] Example 2

[0103] like Figure 4 The diagram shown is another flowchart of a seismic data denoising method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which may include the following steps:

[0104] Step S201: Obtain the noise-reducing region to be processed in the seismic profile.

[0105] Step S202: Determine the reflection layer and seismic horizon code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoised area.

[0106] In one implementation, the reflection layer and seismic horizon code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoising region can be determined as follows:

[0107] Obtain the spatial and temporal range of the noise reduction region;

[0108] Determine the reflection layer and seismic horizon codes corresponding to the spatial range and the time range.

[0109] Step S203: Determine the reference phase axis of the reflecting layer based on the reflection phase axis of the reflecting layer corresponding to the seismic trace.

[0110] In one implementation, the reference phase axis of the reflector can be determined as follows:

[0111] The reflection axis with the strongest signal among the reflection axes of each reflection layer is determined as the reference reflection axis.

[0112] Step S204: Track the reflector layer along the reference phase axis and according to the layer code to determine the layer strike trajectory of the seismic reflector layer.

[0113] In one implementation, the strike trajectory of the seismic reflection layer can be determined as follows:

[0114] The reflector layers are traced along the reference phase axis and according to the layer number, and the corresponding time of the reference phase axis in each seismic trace is picked.

[0115] The corresponding time of the reference phase axis on each seismic trace is used as the reference time of the corresponding seismic trace of the reflection layer, and the time trajectory of the corresponding seismic trace is determined based on the reference time.

[0116] Step S205: Perform coherent enhancement processing along the direction of the layer orientation trajectory.

[0117] In one implementation, coherent enhancement processing can be performed as follows:

[0118] Based on the set window length of coherent enhancement denoising processing, determine the top and bottom positions of the set coherent enhancement processing window;

[0119] Determine the positional relationship of the reference phase axis in the time window;

[0120] Coherent enhancement processing is performed along the reference phase axis and using the time window on the time trajectory of the seismic trace.

[0121] Step S206: Smooth the seismic traces after coherent enhancement processing along the reference phase axis, and use the smoothed seismic traces as the output seismic traces after noise reduction processing.

[0122] It should be noted that, Figure 4 The method embodiments shown have Figure 1 In addition to all the beneficial effects of the method embodiment shown, after performing coherent enhancement processing along the direction of the stratigraphic trajectory, the coherently enhanced seismic traces are further smoothed along the reference phase axis, which further improves the noise reduction effect of the noise-reducing area.

[0123] As can be seen from the foregoing, tilt coherence enhancement technology also has some shortcomings: on the one hand, since tilt coherence enhancement requires tilt scanning, especially when the scanning tilt range is large, it is easy to cause some reflection phase axes that do not need to be enhanced to be enhanced, which may lead to some processing artifacts; on the other hand, when performing tilt scanning based on tilt coherence enhancement technology, the tilt direction of the scan may not be consistent with the orientation of the seismic reflection layer to be processed.

[0124] Therefore, in order to solve the problems of processing artifacts that occur when the reflection phase axis that does not need to be strengthened is strengthened in the prior art, and the poor denoising effect when the tilt angle direction is inconsistent with the trajectory of the seismic reflection layer during tilt scanning, the present invention provides a seismic data denoising device.

[0125] The seismic data denoising device provided in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

[0126] Example 3

[0127] like Figure 5 The diagram shown is a structural diagram of a seismic data denoising device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, comprising:

[0128] The noise reduction region acquisition module 310 is used to acquire the noise reduction region to be processed in the seismic profile.

[0129] The stratigraphic information determination module 320 is used to determine the reflection layer and seismic stratigraphic code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoised area;

[0130] Reference phase axis determination module 330 is used to determine the reference phase axis of the reflecting layer based on the reflection phase axis of the reflecting layer corresponding to the seismic trace;

[0131] The trajectory determination module 340 is used to perform layer tracking of the reflection layer along the reference phase axis and according to the layer code, and determine the layer strike trajectory of the earthquake reflection layer.

[0132] The noise reduction module 350 is used to perform coherent enhancement processing along the direction of the layer trajectory.

[0133] The present invention provides a seismic data denoising device for acquiring a denoising region to be processed in a seismic profile; determining the reflection layer and seismic horizon code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoising region; determining the reference phase axis of the reflection layer based on the reflection phase axis of the reflection layer corresponding to the seismic trace; performing horizon tracing along the reference phase axis and according to the horizon code to determine the horizon strike trajectory of the seismic reflection layer; and performing coherent enhancement processing along the direction of the horizon strike trajectory.

[0134] It should be noted that this invention utilizes the similarity between seismic reflection signals from the same reflection layer. By targeting the strike trajectory, the seismic reflection layer can be determined for local coherent enhancement and denoising. The method first determines the seismic reflection layer corresponding to the denoising area on the stacked profile. By tracing the reflection layer, the strike trajectory of the reflection layer is determined. Then, coherent enhancement and denoising are performed along the strike trajectory of the seismic reflection layer. This avoids the negative effects that traditional tilt coherent enhancement may have due to the need for dip angle scanning, and focuses only on the processing of the target object, thus overcoming the shortcomings of traditional tilt coherent enhancement.

[0135] Furthermore, actual processing results show that the seismic data denoising device provided by this invention can suppress irrelevant random noise, effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of areas with weak seismic reflection energy, improve the continuity of the corresponding reflection phase axis, and improve the processing quality of post-stack seismic data, with a very significant profile processing effect.

[0136] In one scenario, the layer information determination module 320 is used to:

[0137] Obtain the spatial and temporal range of the noise reduction region;

[0138] Determine the reflection layer and seismic horizon codes corresponding to the spatial range and the time range.

[0139] In another scenario, the reference phase axis determination module 330 is used for:

[0140] The reflection axis with the strongest signal among the reflection axes of each reflection layer is determined as the reference reflection axis.

[0141] In another scenario, the trajectory determination module 340 is specifically used for:

[0142] The reflector layers are traced along the reference phase axis and according to the layer number, and the corresponding time of the reference phase axis in each seismic trace is picked.

[0143] The corresponding time of the reference phase axis on each seismic trace is used as the reference time of the corresponding seismic trace of the reflection layer, and the time trajectory of the corresponding seismic trace is determined based on the reference time.

[0144] Optionally, the noise reduction processing module 350 is used for:

[0145] Based on the set window length of coherent enhancement denoising processing, determine the top and bottom positions of the set coherent enhancement processing window;

[0146] Determine the positional relationship of the reference phase axis in the time window;

[0147] Coherent enhancement processing is performed along the reference phase axis and using the time window on the time trajectory of the seismic trace.

[0148] In one case, such as Figure 6 As shown, it also includes:

[0149] The smoothing module 360 ​​is used to smooth the seismic traces after the noise reduction module performs coherent enhancement processing along the reference phase axis and uses the time window on the time trajectory of the seismic traces, and to use the smoothed seismic traces as the output seismic traces after noise reduction processing.

[0150] As can be seen from the foregoing, tilt coherence enhancement technology also has some shortcomings: on the one hand, since tilt coherence enhancement requires tilt scanning, especially when the scanning tilt range is large, it is easy to cause some reflection phase axes that do not need to be enhanced to be enhanced, which may lead to some processing artifacts; on the other hand, when performing tilt scanning based on tilt coherence enhancement technology, the tilt direction of the scan may not be consistent with the orientation of the seismic reflection layer to be processed.

[0151] Therefore, in order to solve the problems of processing artifacts that occur when the reflection phase axis that does not need to be strengthened is strengthened in the prior art, and the poor noise reduction effect when the tilt angle direction is inconsistent with the trajectory of the seismic reflection layer during tilt scanning, the present invention provides a computer device.

[0152] Example 4

[0153] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides a computer device, such as... Figure 7 As shown, it includes a memory 410, a processor 420, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method described above.

[0154] The computer device may be a desktop computer, laptop, handheld computer, or cloud server, etc. The computer device may include, but is not limited to, processor 420 and memory 410. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 7 This is merely an example of a computer device and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device. It may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or different components. For example, the computer device may also include input / output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.

[0155] The processor 420 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0156] The memory 410 can be an internal storage unit of the computer device, such as a hard drive or RAM. The memory 410 can also be an external storage device of the computer device, such as a plug-in hard drive, Smart Media Card (SMC), Secure Digital (SD) card, or Flash Card. Furthermore, the memory 410 can include both internal and external storage units. The memory 410 is used to store the computer program and other programs and data required by the computer device. The memory 410 can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.

[0157] The method implemented by the processor when executing the computer program includes the following steps:

[0158] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart of a seismic data denoising method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which may include the following steps:

[0159] Step S101: Obtain the noise-reducing region to be processed in the seismic profile.

[0160] Step S102: Determine the reflection layer and seismic horizon code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoised area.

[0161] In one implementation, the reflection layer and seismic horizon code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoising region can be determined as follows:

[0162] Obtain the spatial and temporal range of the noise reduction region;

[0163] Determine the reflection layer and seismic horizon codes corresponding to the spatial range and the time range.

[0164] Step S103: Determine the reference phase axis of the reflection layer based on the reflection phase axis of the reflection layer corresponding to the seismic trace.

[0165] In one implementation, the reference phase axis of the reflector can be determined as follows:

[0166] The reflection axis with the strongest signal among the reflection axes of each reflection layer is determined as the reference reflection axis.

[0167] Step S104: Track the reflection layer along the reference phase axis and according to the layer code to determine the layer direction trajectory of the earthquake reflection layer.

[0168] In one implementation, the strike trajectory of the seismic reflection layer can be determined as follows:

[0169] The reflector layers are traced along the reference phase axis and according to the layer number, and the corresponding time of the reference phase axis in each seismic trace is picked.

[0170] The corresponding time of the reference phase axis on each seismic trace is used as the reference time of the corresponding seismic trace of the reflection layer, and the time trajectory of the corresponding seismic trace is determined based on the reference time.

[0171] Step S105: Perform coherent enhancement processing along the direction of the layer orientation trajectory.

[0172] In one implementation, coherent enhancement processing can be performed as follows:

[0173] Based on the set window length of coherent enhancement denoising processing, determine the top and bottom positions of the set coherent enhancement processing window;

[0174] Determine the positional relationship of the reference phase axis in the time window;

[0175] Coherent enhancement processing is performed along the reference phase axis and using the time window on the time trajectory of the seismic trace.

[0176] The present invention provides a seismic data denoising method that obtains a denoising region in a seismic profile; determines the reflection layer and seismic horizon code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoising region; determines the reference phase axis of the reflection layer based on the reflection phase axis of the reflection layer corresponding to the seismic trace; performs horizon tracing along the reference phase axis and according to the horizon code to determine the horizon strike trajectory of the seismic reflection layer; and performs coherent enhancement processing along the direction of the horizon strike trajectory.

[0177] It should be noted that this invention utilizes the similarity between seismic reflection signals from the same reflection layer. By targeting the strike trajectory, the seismic reflection layer can be determined for local coherent enhancement and denoising. The method first determines the seismic reflection layer corresponding to the denoising area on the stacked profile. By tracing the reflection layer, the strike trajectory of the reflection layer is determined. Then, coherent enhancement and denoising are performed along the strike trajectory of the seismic reflection layer. This avoids the negative effects that traditional tilt coherent enhancement may have due to the need for dip angle scanning, and focuses only on the processing of the target object, thus overcoming the shortcomings of traditional tilt coherent enhancement.

[0178] In addition, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 Actual processing results show that the seismic data denoising scheme provided by this invention can suppress irrelevant random noise, effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of areas with weak seismic reflection energy, improve the continuity of the corresponding reflection phase axis, and improve the processing quality of post-stack seismic data, with a very obvious profile processing effect.

[0179] like Figure 4 The diagram shown is another flowchart of a seismic data denoising method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which may include the following steps:

[0180] Step S201: Obtain the noise-reducing region to be processed in the seismic profile.

[0181] Step S202: Determine the reflection layer and seismic horizon code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoised area.

[0182] In one implementation, the reflection layer and seismic horizon code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoising region can be determined as follows:

[0183] Obtain the spatial and temporal range of the noise reduction region;

[0184] Determine the reflection layer and seismic horizon codes corresponding to the spatial range and the time range.

[0185] Step S203: Determine the reference phase axis of the reflecting layer based on the reflection phase axis of the reflecting layer corresponding to the seismic trace.

[0186] In one implementation, the reference phase axis of the reflector can be determined as follows:

[0187] The reflection axis with the strongest signal among the reflection axes of each reflection layer is determined as the reference reflection axis.

[0188] Step S204: Track the reflector layer along the reference phase axis and according to the layer code to determine the layer strike trajectory of the seismic reflector layer.

[0189] In one implementation, the strike trajectory of the seismic reflection layer can be determined as follows:

[0190] The reflector layers are traced along the reference phase axis and according to the layer number, and the corresponding time of the reference phase axis in each seismic trace is picked.

[0191] The corresponding time of the reference phase axis on each seismic trace is used as the reference time of the corresponding seismic trace of the reflection layer, and the time trajectory of the corresponding seismic trace is determined based on the reference time.

[0192] Step S205: Perform coherent enhancement processing along the direction of the layer orientation trajectory.

[0193] In one implementation, coherent enhancement processing can be performed as follows:

[0194] Based on the set window length of coherent enhancement denoising processing, determine the top and bottom positions of the set coherent enhancement processing window;

[0195] Determine the positional relationship of the reference phase axis in the time window;

[0196] Coherent enhancement processing is performed along the reference phase axis and using the time window on the time trajectory of the seismic trace.

[0197] Step S206: Smooth the seismic traces after coherent enhancement processing along the reference phase axis, and use the smoothed seismic traces as the output seismic traces after noise reduction processing.

[0198] It should be noted that, Figure 4 The method embodiments shown have Figure 1 In addition to all the beneficial effects of the method embodiment shown, after performing coherent enhancement processing along the direction of the stratigraphic trajectory, the coherently enhanced seismic traces are further smoothed along the reference phase axis, which further improves the noise reduction effect of the noise-reducing area.

[0199] As can be seen from the foregoing, tilt coherence enhancement technology also has some shortcomings: on the one hand, since tilt coherence enhancement requires tilt scanning, especially when the scanning tilt range is large, it is easy to cause some reflection phase axes that do not need to be enhanced to be enhanced, which may lead to some processing artifacts; on the other hand, when performing tilt scanning based on tilt coherence enhancement technology, the tilt direction of the scan may not be consistent with the orientation of the seismic reflection layer to be processed.

[0200] Therefore, in order to solve the problems of processing artifacts that occur when the reflection phase axis that does not need to be strengthened is strengthened in the prior art, and the poor denoising effect when the tilt angle direction is inconsistent with the trajectory of the seismic reflection layer during tilt scanning, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium.

[0201] Example 5

[0202] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be a computer-readable storage medium included in the memory described in the above embodiments; or it may be a standalone computer-readable storage medium not assembled into a computer device. The computer-readable storage medium stores one or more computer programs, which, when executed by a processor, implement the methods described above.

[0203] If the integrated module / unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can also be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the various method embodiments described above. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or certain intermediate forms. The computer-readable medium can include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording media, USB flash drives, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, optical disks, computer memory 410, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signals, telecommunication signals, and software distribution media, etc. It should be noted that the content included in the computer-readable medium can be appropriately added or removed according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable media do not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0204] The method implemented by the processor when executing the computer program includes the following steps:

[0205] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart of a seismic data denoising method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which may include the following steps:

[0206] Step S101: Obtain the noise-reducing region to be processed in the seismic profile.

[0207] Step S102: Determine the reflection layer and seismic horizon code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoised area.

[0208] In one implementation, the reflection layer and seismic horizon code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoising region can be determined as follows:

[0209] Obtain the spatial and temporal range of the noise reduction region;

[0210] Determine the reflection layer and seismic horizon codes corresponding to the spatial range and the time range.

[0211] Step S103: Determine the reference phase axis of the reflection layer based on the reflection phase axis of the reflection layer corresponding to the seismic trace.

[0212] In one implementation, the reference phase axis of the reflector can be determined as follows:

[0213] The reflection axis with the strongest signal among the reflection axes of each reflection layer is determined as the reference reflection axis.

[0214] Step S104: Track the reflection layer along the reference phase axis and according to the layer code to determine the layer direction trajectory of the earthquake reflection layer.

[0215] In one implementation, the strike trajectory of the seismic reflection layer can be determined as follows:

[0216] The reflector layers are traced along the reference phase axis and according to the layer number, and the corresponding time of the reference phase axis in each seismic trace is picked.

[0217] The corresponding time of the reference phase axis on each seismic trace is used as the reference time of the corresponding seismic trace of the reflection layer, and the time trajectory of the corresponding seismic trace is determined based on the reference time.

[0218] Step S105: Perform coherent enhancement processing along the direction of the layer orientation trajectory.

[0219] In one implementation, coherent enhancement processing can be performed as follows:

[0220] Based on the set window length of coherent enhancement denoising processing, determine the top and bottom positions of the set coherent enhancement processing window;

[0221] Determine the positional relationship of the reference phase axis in the time window;

[0222] Coherent enhancement processing is performed along the reference phase axis and using the time window on the time trajectory of the seismic trace.

[0223] The present invention provides a seismic data denoising method that obtains a denoising region in a seismic profile; determines the reflection layer and seismic horizon code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoising region; determines the reference phase axis of the reflection layer based on the reflection phase axis of the reflection layer corresponding to the seismic trace; performs horizon tracing along the reference phase axis and according to the horizon code to determine the horizon strike trajectory of the seismic reflection layer; and performs coherent enhancement processing along the direction of the horizon strike trajectory.

[0224] It should be noted that this invention utilizes the similarity between seismic reflection signals from the same reflection layer. By targeting the strike trajectory, the seismic reflection layer can be determined for local coherent enhancement and denoising. The method first determines the seismic reflection layer corresponding to the denoising area on the stacked profile. By tracing the reflection layer, the strike trajectory of the reflection layer is determined. Then, coherent enhancement and denoising are performed along the strike trajectory of the seismic reflection layer. This avoids the negative effects that traditional tilt coherent enhancement may have due to the need for dip angle scanning, and focuses only on the processing of the target object, thus overcoming the shortcomings of traditional tilt coherent enhancement.

[0225] In addition, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 The arrow indicates the location of the currently processed seismic trace. Actual processing results show that the seismic data denoising scheme provided by this invention can suppress irrelevant random noise, effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of areas with weak seismic reflection energy, improve the continuity of the corresponding reflection phase axis, and improve the processing quality of post-stack seismic data, with a very obvious profile processing effect.

[0226] like Figure 4 The diagram shown is another flowchart of a seismic data denoising method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which may include the following steps:

[0227] Step S201: Obtain the noise-reducing region to be processed in the seismic profile.

[0228] Step S202: Determine the reflection layer and seismic horizon code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoised area.

[0229] In one implementation, the reflection layer and seismic horizon code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoising region can be determined as follows:

[0230] Obtain the spatial and temporal range of the noise reduction region;

[0231] Determine the reflection layer and seismic horizon codes corresponding to the spatial range and the time range.

[0232] Step S203: Determine the reference phase axis of the reflecting layer based on the reflection phase axis of the reflecting layer corresponding to the seismic trace.

[0233] In one implementation, the reference phase axis of the reflector can be determined as follows:

[0234] The reflection axis with the strongest signal among the reflection axes of each reflection layer is determined as the reference reflection axis.

[0235] Step S204: Track the reflector layer along the reference phase axis and according to the layer code to determine the layer strike trajectory of the seismic reflector layer.

[0236] In one implementation, the strike trajectory of the seismic reflection layer can be determined as follows:

[0237] Stratigraphic tracing of the reflecting layers is performed along the reference phase axis and according to the layer designation, and the corresponding time of the reference phase axis in each seismic trace is picked.

[0238] The corresponding time of the reference phase axis on each seismic trace is used as the reference time of the corresponding seismic trace of the reflection layer, and the time trajectory of the corresponding seismic trace is determined based on the reference time.

[0239] Step S205: Perform coherent enhancement processing along the direction of the layer orientation trajectory.

[0240] In one implementation, coherent enhancement processing can be performed as follows:

[0241] Based on the set window length of coherent enhancement denoising processing, determine the top and bottom positions of the set coherent enhancement processing window;

[0242] Determine the positional relationship of the reference phase axis in the time window;

[0243] Coherent enhancement processing is performed along the reference phase axis and using the time window on the time trajectory of the seismic trace.

[0244] Step S206: Smooth the seismic traces after coherent enhancement processing along the reference phase axis, and use the smoothed seismic traces as the output seismic traces after noise reduction processing.

[0245] It should be noted that, Figure 4 The method embodiments shown have Figure 1 In addition to all the beneficial effects of the method embodiment shown, after performing coherent enhancement processing along the direction of the stratigraphic trajectory, the coherently enhanced seismic traces are further smoothed along the reference phase axis, which further improves the noise reduction effect of the noise-reducing area.

[0246] For system or device embodiments, since they are basically similar to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and relevant parts can be referred to in the description of the method embodiments.

[0247] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units and modules is merely an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. Furthermore, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for easy differentiation and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0248] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0249] It should be understood that the terminology used in this application specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application. As used in this application specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0250] It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application specification and the appended claims means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0251] As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as "when," "once," "in response to determination," or "in response to detection." Similarly, the phrases "if determined" or "if the described condition or event is detected" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as "once determined," "in response to determination," "once the described condition or event is detected," or "in response to the detection of the described condition or event."

[0252] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for denoising seismic data, characterized in that, include: Obtain the noise-reducing region to be processed in the seismic profile; Determine the reflection layer and seismic horizon code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoised area; The reference phase axis of the reflecting layer is determined based on the reflection phase axis of the reflecting layer corresponding to the seismic trace. The reflective layer is traced along the reference phase axis and according to the layer code to determine the layer strike trajectory of the seismic reflective layer. Coherent enhancement processing is performed along the direction of the aforementioned layer trajectory.

2. The seismic data denoising method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the reflection layer and seismic horizon code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoising region includes: Obtain the spatial and temporal range of the noise reduction region; Determine the reflection layer and seismic horizon codes corresponding to the spatial range and the time range.

3. The seismic data denoising method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the reference phase axis of the reflecting layer based on the reflection phase axis of the reflecting layer corresponding to the seismic trace includes: The reflection axis with the strongest signal among the reflection axes of each reflection layer is determined as the reference reflection axis.

4. The seismic data denoising method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the strike trajectory of the seismic reflection layer by performing layer tracing along the reference phase axis and according to the layer designation includes: The reflector layers are traced along the reference phase axis and according to the layer number, and the corresponding time of the reference phase axis in each seismic trace is picked. The corresponding time of the reference phase axis on each seismic trace is used as the reference time of the corresponding seismic trace of the reflection layer, and the time trajectory of the corresponding seismic trace is determined based on the reference time.

5. The seismic data denoising method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of performing coherent enhancement processing along the direction of the stratigraphic trajectory includes: Based on the set window length of coherent enhancement denoising processing, determine the top and bottom positions of the set coherent enhancement processing window; Determine the positional relationship of the reference phase axis in the time window; Coherent enhancement processing is performed along the reference phase axis and using the time window on the time trajectory of the seismic trace.

6. The seismic data denoising method according to claim 5, characterized in that, After performing coherent enhancement processing along the reference phase axis and using the time window on the seismic trace's time trajectory, the process further includes: The seismic traces after coherent enhancement are smoothed along the reference phase axis, and each smoothed seismic trace is used as the output seismic trace after noise reduction.

7. A seismic data denoising device, characterized in that, include: The denoising region acquisition module is used to acquire the denoising region to be processed in the seismic profile; The stratigraphic information determination module is used to determine the reflection layer and seismic stratigraphic code corresponding to the seismic trace in the denoising area; The reference phase axis determination module is used to determine the reference phase axis of the reflecting layer based on the reflection phase axis of the reflecting layer corresponding to the seismic trace. The trajectory determination module is used to perform layer tracking of the reflection layer along the reference phase axis and according to the layer code to determine the layer trajectory of the seismic reflection layer. The noise reduction module is used to perform coherent enhancement processing along the direction of the layer trajectory.

8. The seismic data denoising device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The trajectory determination module is specifically used for: The reflector layers are traced along the reference phase axis and according to the layer number, and the corresponding time of the reference phase axis in each seismic trace is picked. The corresponding time of the reference phase axis on each seismic trace is used as the reference time of the corresponding seismic trace of the reflection layer, and the time trajectory of the corresponding seismic trace is determined based on the reference time.

9. A computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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