An experimental device for studying the phenomena and principles of rainbows and secondary rainbows

Abstract

The present invention provides an experimental device for studying the phenomena and principles of rainbows and secondary rainbows, which includes a light source, a carrier, and a refraction medium. The carrier includes a carrier table, a receiving light screen, and a measuring component. The receiving light screen is arranged above the carrier table, and the measuring component is movably arranged on the carrier table. There is a hole in the middle of the carrier table, and a refraction medium is arranged in the hole. The light source is arranged on one side of the carrier table; the light rays are emitted from the light source, enter the refraction medium and are reflected in the refraction medium, and then the light rays are transmitted from the refraction medium to the receiving light screen. The present invention effectively enhances the imaging effect of rainbows and secondary rainbows, and prevents errors caused by the unclear imaging effect of rainbows and secondary rainbows in the experiment. The experimental device proposed by the present invention has a simple structure, can be used to explore the phenomena of rainbows and secondary rainbows under different media, study the nature of the phenomena of rainbows and secondary rainbows, explore the formation principle of the phenomena of rainbows and secondary rainbows, is conducive to deeply understanding the optical theory, enriching the experimental content, and increasing the teaching effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of exploring the phenomena of rainbows and secondary rainbows for teaching, and particularly relates to an experimental device for studying the phenomena and principles of rainbows and secondary rainbows. Background Art

[0002] Rainbows and secondary rainbows are generally explained as being formed due to the dispersion of sunlight, which is a natural phenomenon formed by the reflection and refraction of sunlight by water droplets in the atmosphere. Whenever it is sunny after rain, there is a large amount of moisture in the air, various dust and particulate matter are reduced, and visibility is improved. A colorful arc will appear in the sky opposite the sun. This is what we call a rainbow. Sometimes two such arcs can be seen. The one with red on the outside and purple on the inside, with bright colors, is called a "rainbow"; the one with red on the inside and purple on the outside, with lighter colors, is called a "secondary rainbow". The sunlight that undergoes one reflection in the water droplets is the rainbow, and the sunlight that undergoes two reflections in the water droplets is the secondary rainbow. The only difference between the secondary rainbow and the rainbow lies in the fact that the light undergoes two internal reflections within the raindrops. Currently, there is a large gap in the teaching experimental devices for rainbows and secondary rainbows. Most of the refraction media for teaching experiments are replaced by triangular prisms, and it is difficult to observe the phenomenon of the secondary rainbow with such devices.

[0003] For example, the invention patent with the publication number CN113990161A discloses a physical experimental device and method for reproducing rainbows and secondary rainbows, including a suspension rack, a glass ball is connected to the suspension rack through a connecting member, and further includes a transmission assembly, the transmission assembly is vertically arranged with respect to the suspension rack and is located on one side of the suspension rack; a light source support frame is connected to the transmission assembly through a light source fixing bracket, and a light source is connected to the top of the light source support frame; a light source movement control system is also included, and the light source movement control system is electrically connected to the transmission assembly; the suspension rack and the transmission assembly are both located on a horizontal imaging plate. However, this invention can only roughly observe the phenomena of rainbows and secondary rainbows, and cannot study the light propagation angle and the specific principles of the phenomena. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the technical problems of low freedom degree and complex operation process of the experimental device for rainbows and secondary rainbows in teaching, the present invention proposes an experimental device for studying the phenomena and principles of rainbows and secondary rainbows, which has a relatively high freedom degree and a relatively simple device.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows: An experimental device for studying the phenomena and principles of rainbows and secondary rainbows includes a light source, a carrier, and a refraction medium. The carrier includes a carrier table, a receiving light screen, and a measuring component. The receiving light screen is arranged above the carrier table, the measuring component is movably arranged on the carrier table, a hole is provided in the middle of the carrier table, a refraction medium is arranged above the hole, and the light source is arranged on one side of the carrier table; the light is emitted from the light source and then enters the refraction medium and undergoes reflection in the refraction medium, and then the light is transmitted from the refraction medium to the receiving light screen.

[0006] The light source is a laser light source generator, which is slidably arranged in the guide rail through a bracket.

[0007] The laser light source generator is a two-color laser.

[0008] The refraction medium includes a spherical refraction medium, a mirror reflective sheet and a light shielding sheet. The mirror reflective sheet and the light shielding sheet are movably arranged on the upper side of the spherical refraction medium. The spherical refraction medium is arranged in the hole of the stage. A medium bracket is arranged on the lower side of the spherical refraction medium, and a lifting screw is arranged on the medium bracket.

[0009] The hole of the stage is a circular hole. The stage is a circular stage. The center of the circular hole coincides with the center of the circular stage. At least two brackets are arranged on the lower side of the circular stage. The lower side of the bracket is connected to the bracket disc. Scale lines are arranged on the outer side of the stage.

[0010] The receiving light screen is a superior arc light screen, which is vertically arranged on the upper side of the circular stage. The center of the superior arc light screen coincides with the center of the circular stage. An opening is arranged on one side of the superior arc light screen, and the opening matches the laser light source generator.

[0011] The measuring component includes a dial guide rail, an optical path pointer, a polarizer and a dial kit. The dial guide rail is arranged on the outer side of the stage. The dial kit is movably arranged on the dial guide rail. The optical path pointer is movably arranged on the upper side of the stage. The optical path pointer coincides with the diameter of the stage. The polarizer is movably arranged on the upper side of the stage.

[0012] The dial kit includes a dial and a dial suspension nut. A roller is installed below the dial suspension nut. The dial suspension nut is connected to the dial. The dial suspension nut is movably connected to the dial guide rail through the roller.

[0013] The usage method of the experimental device is as follows:

[0014] S1: Turn on the laser light source generator to make the laser light source generator emit white light. The white light is projected onto the receiving light screen through the spherical refraction medium. Control the movement of the laser light source generator through the guide rail, and at the same time observe the projected light of the white light on the receiving light screen. Stop moving the laser light source generator when obvious rainbow and neon optical phenomena appear in the projected light;

[0015] S2: Observe the optical path in the spherical refraction medium. Place the mirror reflective sheet at the refraction point, adjust the laser light source generator to output red laser, observe the optical path of the red laser in the spherical refraction medium, and record the emergence point I of the red laser on the rainbow and the emergence point II of the neon in the spherical refraction medium;

[0016] S3: Adjust the height of the lifting rod of the light source generator so that the light emitted by the laser light source generator is on the same plane as the stage. Record the projection point I of the simulated rainbow and the projection point II of the simulated secondary rainbow on the receiving light screen. Move the dial to the position where the projection point I is located, align the 0 scale line of the dial with the scale line of the stage. Place one end of the moving optical path pointer at the exit point I recorded in step S2, and set the other end of the moving optical path pointer at the 0 scale line of the dial. Read and record the included angle between the 0 scale line of the dial and the moving optical path pointer as the simulated angle of the rainbow. Move the dial to the position where the projection point II is located, align the 0 scale line of the dial with the scale line of the stage. Place one end of the moving optical path pointer at the exit point II recorded in step S2, and set the other end of the moving optical path pointer at the 0 scale line of the dial. Read and record the included angle between the 0 scale line of the dial and the moving optical path pointer as the simulated angle of the secondary rainbow;

[0017] S4: Adjust the laser light source generator to output white light, and determine and record the phenomenon point I of the rainbow on the receiving light screen;

[0018] S5: Move the dial set along the dial guide rail to the projection point III, adjust the 0 scale line of the dial to be parallel to the scale line of the stage. Set one end of the optical path pointer at the exit point I, and set the other end of the optical path pointer at the phenomenon point I. Move the other end of the moving optical path pointer to the 0 scale line of the dial, and read the included angle between the 0 scale line of the dial and the moving optical path pointer. Record this angle as the included angle of the rainbow phenomenon;

[0019] S6: Place the light shield at the exit point I, and observe and record the phenomenon point II of the secondary rainbow on the receiving light screen;

[0020] S7: Move the dial set along the dial guide rail to the phenomenon point II, adjust the 0 scale line of the dial to be parallel to the scale line of the stage. Set one end of the optical path pointer at the exit point II, and set the other end of the optical path pointer at the phenomenon point II. Move the other end of the moving optical path pointer to the 0 scale line of the dial, and read the included angle between the 0 scale line of the dial and the moving optical path pointer. Record this angle as the included angle of the secondary rainbow phenomenon;

[0021] S8: Adjust the laser light source generator to output red laser. Place a polarizer on the path from the spherical refracting medium to the receiving light screen for the red laser. Adjust the laser light source generator to output white light, and adjust the angle of the polarizer to observe the rainbow and secondary rainbow phenomena.

[0022] The experimental device proposed by the present invention has a simple structure and can be used to explore the phenomena of rainbows and secondary rainbows under different media and study the properties of the phenomena of rainbows and secondary rainbows, and to explore the formation principles of the phenomena of rainbows and secondary rainbows. The present invention uses the red laser emitted by a dual-color laser to enhance the visual effect of light, making the path of light clearer and facilitating the observation and experimental operations of experimenters. The present invention uses a mirror reflector to enhance the imaging effect of rainbows and secondary rainbows, preventing errors caused by the unclear imaging effect of rainbows and secondary rainbows in the experiment. At the same time, when observing the phenomenon of the secondary rainbow, the present invention uses a light-shielding sheet to block the exit point of the rainbow, enhancing the imaging effect of the secondary rainbow and reducing the influence of the rainbow on the secondary rainbow, facilitating the observation of experimenters. The present invention is conducive to a deep understanding of optical theory, enriching experimental content and increasing teaching effects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the stage kit of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the refractive medium of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 It is an optical path diagram of the experimental device of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic principle diagram of the present invention.

[0029] In the figure, 1 is a laser light source generator, 2 is a guide rail, 3 is a spherical refractive medium, 4 is a mirror reflector, 5 is a receiving light screen, 6 is a stage, 7 is a dial guide rail, 8 is an optical path pointer, 9 is a bracket, 10 is a bracket plate, 11 is a medium bracket, 12 is a lifting screw, 13 is a polarizer, 14 is a dial kit, 15 is a dial, 16 is a dial suspension nut, and 17 is a light source generator lifting rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0031] As Figure 1 shown, an experimental device for studying the phenomena and principles of rainbows and halos includes a light source, a carrier, and a refractive medium. The carrier includes a carrier table 6, a receiving light screen 5, and a measuring component. The receiving light screen 5 is arranged on the upper side of the carrier table 6, and the measuring component is movably arranged on the carrier table 6. A hole is arranged in the middle of the carrier table 6, and a refractive medium is arranged in the hole; the light source is arranged on one side of the carrier table 6, and the light emitted by the light source passes through the opening of the receiving light screen 5 and enters the refractive medium, where it is reflected, and then the light is transmitted from the refractive medium to the receiving light screen.

[0032] Among them, the light source is used to emit light to irradiate the refractive medium to form the phenomena of rainbows and halos. The hole in the carrier table 6 is a circular hole, the carrier table 6 is a circular carrier table, the center of the circular hole coincides with the center of the circular carrier table, and three supports 9 are arranged on the lower side of the circular carrier table. The lower side of the support 9 is connected to the support disk 10 to make the whole carrier table 6 more stable, and scale lines are arranged on the outer side of the carrier table 6. The carrier table 6 is mainly used to carry the receiving light screen 5 and the measuring component. The lower side of the carrier table 6 is fixedly supported by three supports 9, and a support disk 10 is fixed to the lower side of each support 9 to make the support 9 more stable. The receiving light screen 5 is a superior arc-shaped light screen, which is vertically arranged on the upper side of the circular carrier table, and the center of the superior arc-shaped light screen coincides with the center of the circular carrier table. The receiving light screen 5 is mainly used to receive the light passing through the refractive medium, facilitating the experimenter to observe the phenomena of rainbows and halos. The measuring component is mainly used to mark the light path and measure the included angle of the light. An opening is arranged on one side of the superior arc-shaped light screen, and the opening matches the laser light source generator 1. During use, the laser light source generator 1 is input into the spherical refractive medium 3 from the opening. The measuring component includes a scale disk guide rail 7, an optical path pointer 8, a polarizer 13, and a scale disk kit 14. The scale disk guide rail 7 is arranged on the outer side of the carrier table 6, and the inner edge of the scale disk guide rail 7 is arranged at the bottom edge of the receiving light screen 5. The scale disk kit 14 is movably arranged on the scale disk guide rail 7. The optical path pointer 8 is placed on the upper side of the carrier table 6. During the experiment, the experimenter adjusts the position of the optical path pointer 8 according to the experimental needs. The polarizer 13 is placed on the upper side of the carrier table 6. During the experiment, the experimenter can verify that the phenomena of rainbows and halos are both polarized light by adjusting the position of the polarizer 13. Among them, the scale disk guide rail 7 is mainly used to provide a moving track for the scale disk kit 14, and the optical path pointer 8 is mainly used to mark the path of the light transmitted from the refractive medium to the receiving light screen 5, facilitating the experimenter to more intuitively observe the optical path and measure the optical path angle. AsFigure 2 As shown, the dial kit 14 includes a dial 15 and a dial suspension nut 16. The dial suspension nut 16 is connected to the dial 15. A roller is provided below the dial suspension nut 16. The roller is arranged in the dial track 7, enabling the dial kit 14 to slide freely along the track 7.

[0033] Specifically, the light source is a laser light source generator 1. The laser light source generator 1 is movably arranged in the guide rail 2 through a bracket. The laser light source generator 1 is a dual-color laser that can emit red laser and white light. When the white light passes through the refraction medium, the phenomena of rainbow and secondary rainbow can occur. The propagation path of the red laser in the refraction medium is the same as that of the white light in the refraction medium. By using the red laser, the propagation path of the white light can be restored more clearly, facilitating the experimenter to measure the optical path. A fixed bracket is provided at the bottom of the laser light source generator 1, and the bottom of the bracket is movably connected to the guide rail 2, enabling the laser light source generator 1 to move linearly along the guide rail, thereby adjusting the angle and distance of the light entering the refraction medium, so that the experimenter can observe the phenomena of rainbow and secondary rainbow by adjusting the laser light source generator 1. As Figure 3 shown, the refraction medium includes a spherical refraction medium 3 and a mirror reflector 4. The mirror reflector 4 is movably arranged on the upper side of the spherical refraction medium 3. The spherical refraction medium 3 is arranged in the hole of the stage 6. A medium support 11 is provided on the lower side of the spherical refraction medium 3, and a lifting screw 12 is arranged on the medium support 11. The spherical refraction medium 3 is mainly used for refracting the incident light, the mirror reflector 4 is mainly used for reflecting the red laser, making the optical path more obvious, and the medium support 11 is mainly used for supporting the spherical refraction medium 3. A lifting screw 12 is arranged on the lower side support rod of the medium support 11. The experimenter can adjust the height of the spherical refraction medium 3 by adjusting the lifting screw 12.

[0034] The experimental principle of the present invention is as follows: It is formed due to the dispersion of sunlight, which is a natural phenomenon formed by the reflection and refraction of sunlight by water droplets in the atmosphere. Whenever it rains and clears up, the atmosphere is fresh, there is a large amount of moisture in the air, various dust and dust particles decrease, and the visibility improves. A colored arc will appear in the sky opposite the sun. This is what we call a rainbow. Sometimes two such arcs can be seen. The one with red on the outside and purple on the inside, with bright colors, is called the "rainbow"; the one with red on the inside and purple on the outside, with lighter colors, is called the "secondary rainbow". The sunlight that undergoes one reflection in the water droplet is the rainbow, and the sunlight that undergoes two reflections in the water droplet is the secondary rainbow. The only difference between the secondary rainbow and the rainbow is that the light undergoes two internal reflections in the raindrop. Therefore, when the light reaches our eyes after passing through the raindrop, the light arc color band is exactly opposite to that of the rainbow. From the perspective of experimental measurement, the observation elevation angle of the rainbow is 40.5° - 42°, while the observation elevation angle of the secondary rainbow is 50.5° - 53°.

[0035] From Figure 5 it can be known that according to the law of refraction of light:

[0036]

[0037]

[0038] θ = 4β - 2α (3)

[0039] Simultaneously solving equations (2) and (3) gives:

[0040]

[0041] The extreme value of α can be calculated by taking the derivative to obtain If the refractive index of water n = 1.3333, α = 59.4°, θ = 42.0°; for the calculation of the secondary rainbow, similarly, α = 71.8°, β = 51.0°.

[0042] According to Figure 4 , the light source emits white light and enters the refractive medium. The light is refracted at point ① to produce a refracted ray a. The refracted ray a is then reflected and refracted at point ② to form a reflected ray b and a refracted ray respectively. In order to increase the light intensity of the reflected ray and make the phenomenon of the rainbow more obvious, we add a specular reflection sheet outside the medium at point ② to weaken the light intensity of the refracted ray. The reflected ray b is reflected and refracted at point ③ to produce a refracted ray c and a reflected ray d. The refracted ray c hits the light screen, and the phenomenon of the rainbow can be observed; similarly, in the experiment of observing the secondary rainbow phenomenon, in order to enhance the reflection of the reflected ray b in the medium, a specular reflection sheet is also added outside the medium at point ③ to increase the light intensity of the reflected ray d. The reflected ray d is refracted at point ④ to produce a refracted ray e. The refracted ray e hits the light screen, and the secondary rainbow can be observed.

[0043] The usage method of an experimental device for studying the phenomena and principles of the rainbow and the secondary rainbow is as follows:

[0044] S1: Turn on the dual-color laser so that the dual-color laser emits white light. The white light is projected onto the receiving light screen 5 through the spherical refractive medium 3. The experimental personnel control the movement of the laser light source generator 1 through the guide rail 2, and at the same time observe the projected light of the white light on the receiving light screen 5. When the white light is refracted in the spherical refractive medium 3 to produce the rainbow and the secondary rainbow, and obvious optical phenomena of the rainbow and the secondary rainbow appear in the projected light, the experimental personnel should stop moving the laser light source generator 1.

[0045] S2: Observe the light path inside the spherical refractive medium 3. At the refraction point, that is, as Figure 4Install a mirror reflector 4 at point ② as shown to prevent incomplete light reflection and ensure that the rainbow phenomenon can be clearly displayed on the receiving light screen 5. Adjust the dual-color laser so that it outputs red laser light, and observe the light path of the red laser in the spherical refraction medium 3. The path passed by the red laser is the same as the path passed by the white light propagation. Use the red laser to make the light path clearer and easier to observe. The experimenter observes and records the emergence point I of the rainbow, which is the Figure 4 point ③ as shown, and the emergence point Ⅱ of the secondary rainbow, which is the Figure 4 point ④ as shown.

[0046] S3: Adjust the height of the lifting rod 17 of the light source generator so that the light emitted by the dual-color laser is on the same plane as the stage 6. Record the projection point I of the simulated rainbow and the projection point Ⅱ of the simulated secondary rainbow on the receiving light screen 5. Move the dial 15 to the position where the projection point I is located, and align the 0 scale line of the dial 15 with the scale line of the stage 6. Place one end of the moving light path pointer 8 at the emergence point I recorded in step S2, and set the other end of the moving light path pointer 8 at the 0 scale line of the dial 15. Read and record the included angle between the 0 scale line of the dial 15 and the moving light path pointer 8 as the simulated angle of the rainbow. Move the dial 15 to the position where the projection point Ⅱ is located, and align the 0 scale line of the dial 15 with the scale line of the stage 6. Place one end of the moving light path pointer 8 at the emergence point Ⅱ recorded in step S2, and set the other end of the moving light path pointer 8 at the 0 scale line of the dial 15. Read and record the included angle between the 0 scale line of the dial 15 and the moving light path pointer 8 as the simulated angle of the secondary rainbow. In step S3, different materials of spherical refraction media 3 can be replaced to observe the corresponding angles of the rainbow and secondary rainbow imaging under different media. When the selected spherical refraction medium 3 is glass with a refractive index of n = 1.333, the measured simulated angle of the rainbow should be 40°, and the simulated angle of the secondary rainbow should be 50°.

[0047] S4: Adjust the dual-color laser so that it outputs white light, and determine and record the phenomenon point I of the rainbow on the receiving light screen 5. The phenomenon point I here is the true phenomenon point of the rainbow phenomenon.

[0048] S5: Move the dial set 14 along the dial guide rail 7 to the projection point Ⅱ. Adjust the 0 scale line of the dial 15 to be parallel to the scale line of the stage 6. Set one end of the light path pointer 8 at the emergence point I, and set the other end of the light path pointer 8 at the projection point Ⅱ. Move the other end of the light path pointer 8 to the 0 scale line of the dial 15, and read the included angle between the 0 scale line of the dial 15 and the moving light path pointer 8. Record this angle as the included angle of the rainbow phenomenon. The simulated angle should be the same as the included angle of the rainbow phenomenon.

[0049] S6: Place the light-shielding sheet at the exit point I to prompt light reflection, making the phenomenon of secondary rainbow more obvious and avoiding the difficulty in observing the secondary rainbow. Observe and record the phenomenon point II of the secondary rainbow on the receiving light screen 5. The phenomenon point II here is the true phenomenon point of the secondary rainbow phenomenon.

[0050] S7: Move the dial set 14 along the dial guide rail 7 to the phenomenon point II. Adjust the 0 scale line of the dial 15 to be parallel to the scale line of the stage 6. One end of the optical path pointer 8 is set at the exit point II, and the other end of the optical path pointer 8 is set at the phenomenon point II. Move the other end of the optical path pointer 8 to the 0 scale line of the dial 15, and read the included angle between the 0 scale line of the dial 15 and the moved optical path pointer 8. Record this angle as the included angle of the secondary rainbow phenomenon. The simulated angle should be the same as the included angle of the secondary rainbow phenomenon.

[0051] S8: Adjust the two-color laser to output red laser. A polarizer 13 is set on the path of the red laser from the spherical refraction medium 3 to the receiving light screen 5. Adjust the two-color laser to output white light and adjust the angle of the polarizer 13 to observe the phenomena of primary rainbow and secondary rainbow. After appropriately adjusting the polarizer 13, the experimenter can find that the primary rainbow and secondary rainbow cannot be observed on the receiving screen, and it is concluded that the primary rainbow and secondary rainbow are linearly polarized light, and the incident angle is deduced to be the Brewster angle of the corresponding medium.

[0052] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental device for studying the phenomena and principles of rainbows and secondary rainbows, characterized in that, The device comprises a light source, an object carrier and a refractive medium, wherein the object carrier comprises an object platform (6), a receiving light screen (5) and a measuring component, wherein the receiving light screen (5) is arranged on the upper side of the object platform (6), the measuring component is movably arranged on the object platform (6), a hole is arranged in the middle of the object platform (6), a refractive medium is arranged on the upper side of the hole, and the light source is arranged on one side of the object platform (6); After being emitted from the light source, the light enters the refractive medium and is reflected in the refractive medium. Then, the light is transmitted from the refractive medium to the receiving light screen (5); The refractive medium comprises a spherical refractive medium (3), a mirror reflective sheet (4) and a light shielding sheet, the mirror reflective sheet (4) and the light shielding sheet are movably arranged on the upper side of the spherical refractive medium (3), the spherical refractive medium (3) is arranged in a hole of the stage (6), a medium bracket (11) is arranged on the lower side of the spherical refractive medium (3), and a lifting screw (12) is arranged on the medium bracket (11); The receiving light screen (5) is a superior arc-shaped light screen, which is vertically arranged on the upper side of the circular stage, the center of the superior arc-shaped light screen coincides with the center of the circular stage, and an opening is provided on one side of the superior arc-shaped light screen, which matches the laser light source generator (1); The measuring assembly comprises a dial guide rail (7), an optical path pointer (8), a polarizing plate (13) and a dial kit (14); the dial guide rail (7) is arranged outside the stage (6); the dial kit (14) is movably arranged on the dial guide rail (7); the optical path pointer (8) is movably arranged on the upper side of the stage (6); the diameter of the optical path pointer (8) coincides with that of the stage (6); and the polarizing plate (13) is movably arranged on the upper side of the stage (6).

2. The experimental device for studying the phenomena and principles of rainbows and secondary rainbows according to claim 1, wherein, The light source is a laser light source generator (1), and the laser light source generator (1) is slidably arranged in a guide rail (2) via a bracket.

3. The experimental device for studying the phenomena and principles of rainbows and secondary rainbows according to claim 2, characterized in that, The laser light source generator (1) is a two-color laser.

4. The experimental device for studying the phenomena and principles of rainbows and secondary rainbows according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hole of the sample carrier (6) is a circular hole, the sample carrier (6) is a circular sample carrier, the center of the circular hole coincides with the center of the circular sample carrier, at least two brackets (9) are arranged on the lower side of the circular sample carrier, the lower side of the bracket (9) is connected to the bracket plate (10), and scale lines are arranged on the outer side of the sample carrier (6).

5. The experimental device for studying the phenomena and principles of rainbows and secondary rainbows according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scale plate kit (14) comprises a scale plate (15) and a scale plate hanging nut (16), a roller is installed below the scale plate hanging nut (16), the scale plate hanging nut (16) is connected to the scale plate (15), and the scale plate hanging nut (16) is movably connected to the scale plate guide rail (7) via the roller.

6. The experimental device for studying the phenomena and principles of rainbows and secondary rainbows according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The method of using the experimental device is as follows: S1: Turn on the laser light source generator (1) to make the laser light source generator (1) emit white light, and the white light is projected onto the receiving light screen (5) through the spherical refractive medium (3). The movement of the laser light source generator (1) is controlled by the guide rail (2), and the projection of the white light on the receiving light screen (5) is observed at the same time. When the projection light shows obvious rainbow and neon optical phenomena, the movement of the laser light source generator (1) is stopped; S2: Observe the light path inside the spherical refraction medium (3), place the mirror reflector (4) at the refraction point, adjust the laser light source generator (1) to output red laser light, observe the light path of the red laser light in the spherical refraction medium (3), and record the emergence point Ⅰ of the rainbow and the emergence point Ⅱ of the secondary rainbow on the spherical refraction medium (3). S3: Adjust the height of the light source generator lifting rod (17) so that the light emitted by the laser light source generator (1) is in the same plane as the stage (6). Record the projection point Ⅰ of the simulated rainbow and the projection point Ⅱ of the simulated secondary rainbow on the receiving light screen (5). Move the dial (15) to the position where the projection point Ⅰ is located, align the 0 scale line of the dial (15) with the scale line of the stage (6). Place one end of the moving light path pointer (8) at the emergence point Ⅰ recorded in step S2, and set the other end of the moving light path pointer (8) at the 0 scale line of the dial (15). Read and record the included angle between the 0 scale line of the dial (15) and the moving light path pointer (8) as the simulated angle of the rainbow. Move the dial (15) to the position where the projection point Ⅱ is located, align the 0 scale line of the dial (15) with the scale line of the stage (6). Place one end of the moving light path pointer (8) at the emergence point Ⅱ recorded in step S2, and set the other end of the moving light path pointer (8) at the 0 scale line of the dial (15). Read and record the included angle between the 0 scale line of the dial (15) and the moving light path pointer (8) as the simulated angle of the secondary rainbow. S4: Adjust the laser light source generator (1) to output white light, and determine and record the phenomenon point Ⅰ of the rainbow on the receiving light screen (5). S5: Move the dial kit ((14) along the dial guide rail (7) to the projection point Ⅲ, adjust the 0 scale line of the dial (15) to be parallel to the scale line of the stage (6). Set one end of the light path pointer (8) at the emergence point Ⅰ, set the other end of the light path pointer (8) at the phenomenon point Ⅰ, and then set the other end of the moving light path pointer (8) at the 0 scale line of the dial (15). Read the included angle between the 0 scale line of the dial (15) and the moving light path pointer (8), and record this angle as the included angle of the rainbow phenomenon. S6: Place the light shield at the emergence point Ⅰ, and observe and record the phenomenon point Ⅱ of the secondary rainbow on the receiving light screen (5). S7: Move the dial kit ((14) along the dial guide rail (7) to the phenomenon point Ⅱ, adjust the 0 scale line of the dial (15) to be parallel to the scale line of the stage (6). Set one end of the light path pointer (8) at the emergence point Ⅱ, set the other end of the light path pointer (8) at the phenomenon point Ⅱ, and then set the other end of the moving light path pointer (8) at the 0 scale line of the dial (15). Read the included angle between the 0 scale line of the dial (15) and the moving light path pointer (8), and record this angle as the included angle of the secondary rainbow phenomenon. S8: Adjust the laser light source generator (1) to output red laser light. Place a polarizer (13) on the path of the red laser light from the spherical refractive medium (3) to the receiving light screen (5). Adjust the laser light source generator (1) to output white light, and adjust the angle of the polarizer (13) to observe the phenomena of rainbow and secondary rainbow.

Images