Method and system for quantitative diagnosis of atomic reactions of a nuclear fusion device

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of atomic reaction quantitative diagnosis method and system of nuclear fusion device, and the atomic reaction quantitative diagnosis method of nuclear fusion device, the atomic reaction process of plasma in the edge and the divertor region of nuclear fusion device is quantitatively measured, comprising the following operations: demarcate the target space to be measured;Obtain the dual-spectrum spectral line information of the selected two-dimensional space region;According to the dual-spectrum spectral line information obtained, the radiation intensity of dual-spectrum radiation in the target space to be measured is obtained by using tomographic inversion iterative calculation;According to the ratio of radiation intensity, the atomic reaction characteristics of the selected two-dimensional space region are determined, and the atomic reaction number is quantitatively determined according to the atomic reaction characteristics of the selected two-dimensional space region and radiation intensity or photon number.This diagnostic method can give the atomic reaction characteristics and quantity of the edge or divertor region space of nuclear fusion device and its spatial distribution, can simultaneously analyze multiple atomic reaction processes, with the characteristics of large measured space region, high spatial resolution and high time resolution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of nuclear fusion plasma measurement technology, specifically relating to a quantitative measurement of atomic reactions in a nuclear fusion plasma physics research device, and particularly to a method and system for quantitative diagnosis of atomic reactions in a nuclear fusion device. Background Technology

[0002] In nuclear fusion research devices, the plasma in the edge and divertor regions contains various atomic and molecular reaction processes, including ionization reactions, radiation recombination reactions, three-body recombination reactions, charge exchange reactions, and molecular dissociation reactions. These atomic reaction processes are crucial for the particle balance within the plasma. Furthermore, they are essential and critical for analyzing the divertor de-target physics processes and controlling the thermal load during device operation. Additionally, due to the rapid changes in plasma temperature and density in the edge and divertor plasma regions, the atomic reaction processes and their quantities vary significantly across different spatial regions. Therefore, it is necessary to find a diagnostic system and method capable of simultaneously and quantitatively measuring the atomic reaction processes in the two-dimensional space of the plasma in the edge and divertor regions of a nuclear fusion device. Currently, however, there is no effective system or method to achieve quantitative diagnosis of atomic reactions in a wide range of two-dimensional spatial regions of a nuclear fusion device. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for quantitatively measuring the atomic reactions of plasma in a nuclear fusion plasma physics research device. By using dual spectroscopy and tomographic inversion, the atomic reaction characteristics of plasma in the two-dimensional space of the edge and divertor region of the nuclear fusion device can be obtained, thereby quantitatively giving the number and distribution of atomic reactions in the two-dimensional plasma space region.

[0004] The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for quantitative diagnosis of atomic reactions in a nuclear fusion device, used to quantitatively measure the atomic reaction process of plasma in a two-dimensional space within the edge and divertor regions of a nuclear fusion device. This method includes the following operations:

[0005] A selected two-dimensional spatial region within the nuclear fusion device is identified, and the target space to be measured within this region is delineated. Dual-spectral line information of the selected two-dimensional spatial region is acquired, including the absolute intensities of different spectra. Based on the acquired dual-spectral line information, the radiation intensity (photon number) of the dual-spectral radiation in the target space is calculated using tomographic inversion iterative calculation. The atomic reaction characteristics of the target space are determined based on the radiation intensity ratio, and the number of atomic reactions is quantitatively determined based on the atomic reaction characteristics and the radiation intensity or photon number of the target space.

[0006] In the edge and divertor regions of nuclear fusion devices, emission spectroscopy can be considered an important tool for analyzing atomic reaction processes. As the effective size of electron orbitals increases, the probability of electrons with high quantum numbers (n) participating in three-body collisions increases rapidly, while the probability of spontaneous radiative reactions decreases rapidly. Therefore, emission spectra with high quantum numbers (n) are found to be related to electron-ion recombination reactions, serving as a direct indicator of three-body recombination reactions. Typically, neutral particles produced by stimulated molecular recombination reactions have lower electronic energy levels (principal quantum number n < 5), while neutral particles produced by three-body recombination reactions are usually in higher energy levels (n ≥ 5). This method utilizes dual-spectral analysis and tomographic inversion, taking advantage of the spectral differences in the emission spectra of nuclear fusion fuels (hydrogen and its isotopes), such as the ratio of absolute intensity differences, to determine the atomic reaction characteristics in the spatial region. This includes whether recombination or ionization reactions are dominant, thus quantitatively providing the number and distribution of atomic reactions in the two-dimensional plasma spatial region. The advantages of this diagnostic system and method are that it can provide the atomic reaction characteristics, quantity and spatial distribution in the edge or divertor region of a nuclear fusion device, and can simultaneously analyze multiple atomic reaction processes. It features a large measured spatial area, high spatial resolution and high temporal resolution.

[0007] In some feasible embodiments, obtaining the bispectral line information of the selected two-dimensional spatial region includes:

[0008] The selected two-dimensional spatial region is measured using a two-plane array CCD detector, and the pixel sequences of the two-plane array CCD detectors correspond to the same spatial position, that is, the pixel sequences of the two array CCD detectors correspond one-to-one and correspond to the same measured spatial position.

[0009] In some feasible embodiments, the step of calculating the radiant intensity of the bispectral radiation in the target space using tomographic inversion iterative calculation based on the acquired bispectral line information includes:

[0010] Absolute calibration of the measurements of the two-sided CCD detector includes in-situ calibration of the spectral line measurements of the two-sided CCD detector to determine the number of photons corresponding to the measurement values ​​of each pixel of the two-sided CCD detector.

[0011] In some feasible embodiments, the radiation intensity of the bispectral lines of the target spatial region under test at the two-array CCD detectors is measured based on the absolute calibration of each pixel of the two-array CCD detectors.

[0012] In some feasible embodiments, based on the stated radiation intensity, iterative calculations are performed using tomographic inversion. The inversion analysis yields the corresponding radiation intensities of the two spectral lines at the target space to be measured, and the ratio of the radiation intensities of the two spectral lines at the target space is calculated. This ratio of radiation intensity is used to evaluate the atomic reaction characteristics of the region, determining whether the spatial region is dominated by complex reactions, ionization reactions, or both. Based on this, the type of atomic reaction and the analytical calculation method can be determined.

[0013] In some feasible embodiments, the method for quantitative diagnosis of atomic reactions in a nuclear fusion device further includes the following operations:

[0014] Based on the atomic reaction characteristics of the target space to be measured, determine whether the target space is an ionization reaction region, a complex reaction region, or a mixed region containing both ionization and complex reactions.

[0015] In some feasible embodiments, the number of atomic reactions in the target space is calculated using the number of ionization or recombination reactions per unit photon, based on the atomic reaction characteristics of the target space to be measured.

[0016] In some feasible embodiments, the dual spectral lines are a first spectral line and a second spectral line, respectively; the first spectral line is a low quantum number Balmer line H. α The second spectral line is a high quantum number Balmer line, where n>=5, and n is the atomic principal quantum number of the spectral line; a. When the target space to be measured is an ionization reaction region, the number of ionization reactions in the region is calculated based on the radiation intensity of the first spectral line at the target space and the number of ionization reactions per unit photon; b. When the target space to be measured is a recombination reaction region, the number of recombination reactions in the region is calculated based on the radiation intensity of the second spectral line at the target space and the number of recombination reactions per unit photon; c. When the target space to be measured is a mixed region, the number of ionization reactions or recombination reactions in the region is calculated by selecting one of the methods a or b above based on the ratio of the radiation intensity of the dual-spectral radiation at the target space.

[0017] Neutral particles produced by excited recombination reactions have lower electronic energy levels (quantum number n < 5), while neutral particles produced by three-body recombination reactions are typically in higher energy levels (n ≥ 5). Therefore, dual-spectral analysis and tomographic inversion can be used to utilize the high quantum number spectral lines (n ≥ 5, such as H) in the Balmer series (n → 2) of nuclear fusion fuels (hydrogen and its isotopes). γ H ε H η (etc.) and low quantum number (n=3) spectral lines H α The ratio of absolute intensities is used to determine the atomic reaction characteristics in the spatial region. Based on this, the number of recombination reactions in the recombination-dominant region is calculated using the absolute intensity of high quantum number spectral lines. Then, H... αThe absolute intensity of spectral lines is used to calculate the number of ionization reactions in the region where ionization reactions are dominant, thereby providing a quantitative estimate of the number and distribution of atomic reactions in the two-dimensional plasma space region.

[0018] In some feasible embodiments, delineating the target space to be measured within the selected two-dimensional spatial region includes: dividing the selected two-dimensional spatial region into n spatial grid regions according to the spatial resolution requirements of the measurement, with each spatial grid region being the target space to be measured. Here, dividing into n spatial grid regions is adopted according to the measurement resolution, and this data processing method facilitates subsequent inversion.

[0019] In some feasible embodiments, dividing into n spatial grid regions includes the following operations: obtaining the spatial region to be divided, which is: the corresponding space of the selected two-dimensional spatial region in a cross section perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the nuclear fusion device, and then dividing the space into n spatial grid regions according to the resolution requirements of the spatial region to be divided.

[0020] In some feasible embodiments, the segmented target space is diagnosed to obtain the number and distribution of ionization and recombination reactions within the entire or part of the selected two-dimensional spatial region.

[0021] In some feasible embodiments, when using tomographic inversion iterative calculations, the iterative formula is expressed as:

[0022]

[0023] in, and The target space S to be measured in the k-th and k+1-th iterations are respectively. i The corresponding unknown radiation intensity, I j d represents the radiation intensity measured by pixel j of the array CCD detector camera. ij Let j be the length of the line of sight for each pixel of the array CCD detector camera in the space to be measured.

[0024] A second aspect of the invention provides a measurement assembly for quantitative diagnosis of atomic reactions in a nuclear fusion device, comprising: a spectrometer, the incident end of which is configured to receive light emitted from the middle edge and divertor region of the nuclear fusion device and split the light in two; a first array CCD detector, the incident end of which corresponds to a first exit portion of one optical path split from the spectrometer; and a second array CCD detector, the incident end of which corresponds to a second exit portion of another optical path split from the spectrometer.

[0025] In some feasible embodiments, the incident end of the first array CCD detector is provided with a first filter, and the front end of the first filter is provided with a first lens; the incident end of the second array CCD detector is provided with a second filter, and the front end of the second filter is provided with a second lens.

[0026] A third aspect of the present invention provides a quantitative diagnostic system for atomic reactions in a nuclear fusion device, comprising: a vacuum-sealed observation window, which is sealed and disposed on the nuclear fusion device to allow light within the device to be emitted without affecting the vacuum characteristics of the device; adjusting the vacuum-sealed observation window to control a selected two-dimensional spatial region; an optical path mirror group, the incident end of which corresponds to the vacuum-sealed observation window and is used to guide the direction of the optical path; a signal detection module, the incident end of which corresponds to the exit end of the optical path mirror group; and a data acquisition and processing module connected to the signal detection module; wherein the optical path mirror group includes a beam splitter arranged on the optical path to split the incident light into two; the signal detection module includes a first array CCD detector and a second array CCD detector; the exit end of the beam splitter corresponds to the incident ends of the first array CCD detector and the second array CCD detector, respectively.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the atomic reaction quantitative diagnostic system for nuclear fusion devices of the present invention are that it can provide the atomic reaction characteristics and spatial distribution of the edge or divertor region of the nuclear fusion device, and can simultaneously analyze multiple atomic reaction processes. It has the characteristics of simple system, large measured spatial area, strong two-dimensional spatial resolution and high temporal resolution.

[0028] In some feasible embodiments, the atomic reaction quantitative diagnostic system of a nuclear fusion device further includes a timing control module; the timing control module is connected to a first array CCD detector and a second array CCD detector respectively; the data acquisition and processing module is connected to the first array CCD detector and the second array CCD detector respectively; the timing control module is used for timing control of the first array CCD detector and the second array CCD detector to trigger the first array CCD detector and the second array CCD detector to perform measurement work simultaneously.

[0029] In some feasible embodiments, the optical path mirror assembly includes: a first lens disposed at the incident end of a first array CCD detector; and a second lens disposed at the incident end of a second array CCD detector.

[0030] In some feasible embodiments, the optical path mirror assembly further includes: a first filter disposed at the exit end of the first lens; and a second filter disposed at the exit end of the second lens.

[0031] In some feasible embodiments, the optical path mirror assembly further includes a collimating mirror arranged on the optical path; the incident end of the collimating mirror corresponds to the exit end of the vacuum-sealed observation window; and the exit end of the collimating mirror corresponds to the incident end of the beam splitter.

[0032] In some feasible embodiments, the data acquisition and processing module is configured to execute instructions for a tomographic inversion iterative calculation program, the iterative formula of which is expressed as:

[0033]

[0034] in, and The target space S to be measured in the k-th and k+1-th iterations are respectively. i The corresponding unknown radiation intensity, I j d represents the radiation intensity measured by pixel j of the array CCD detector camera. ij Let j be the length of the line of sight for each pixel of the array CCD detector camera in the space to be measured.

[0035] The aforementioned data acquisition and processing module is used to acquire and process signals from the detector. It includes a computer and data processing and analysis programs for data acquisition, tomographic inversion analysis, and data processing. The data includes spectral line intensities, spatial radiation intensity, spatial geometric data, atomic reaction data, and diagnostic system control parameters. Attached Figure Description

[0036] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0037] Figure 1 This embodiment provides a flowchart of a quantitative diagnostic method for atomic reactions in a nuclear fusion device for illustrating Embodiment 1.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the measurement components for quantitative diagnosis of atomic reactions in a nuclear fusion device in Example 2 and the quantitative diagnosis system for atomic reactions in a nuclear fusion device in Example 3.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the observation area in the implementation method;

[0040] Figure reference numerals and corresponding component names:

[0041] 1-Nuclear fusion device, 2-Measurement area, 3-Vacuum-sealed observation window, 4-Optical path, 5-First reflector, 6-Collimating lens, 7-Beam splitter, 8-Second reflector, 9-First lens, 10-Second lens, 11-First filter, 12-Second filter, 13-First array CCD detector, 14-Second array CCD detector, 15-Timing control module, 16-Data acquisition and processing module. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0043] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these specific details are not necessary to practice the invention. In other instances, well-known structures, circuits, materials, or methods have not been specifically described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.

[0044] Throughout this specification, references to "an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Therefore, the phrases "an embodiment," "an example," "an example," or "an example" appearing in various places throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments or examples in any suitable combination and / or sub-combination. Moreover, those skilled in the art will understand that the illustrations provided herein are for illustrative purposes and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0045] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "up", "down", "vertical", "horizontal", "high", "low", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0046] Example 1 provides a quantitative diagnostic method for atomic reactions in a nuclear fusion device. This method is used to quantitatively measure the atomic reaction processes of plasma in a two-dimensional space within the edge and divertor regions of the nuclear fusion device. This quantitative diagnostic method can be implemented using the following measurement components for quantitative diagnostics of atomic reactions in nuclear fusion devices, and a quantitative diagnostic system for atomic reactions in the nuclear fusion device utilizing these measurement components. The system implementing this method includes a two-sided CCD detector, a data acquisition and processing module, and a component for guiding the optical path 4 and splitting the optical path in two. Two-dimensional space refers to a planar space, which in the diagram can refer to... Figure 3 A two-dimensional spatial region on the plane shown.

[0047] The atomic reaction quantitative diagnostic method in this embodiment includes the following operations:

[0048] A selected two-dimensional spatial region 2 is determined in the nuclear fusion device, and the target space to be measured within the selected two-dimensional spatial region is delineated; the bispectral spectral information of the target space to be measured is obtained, which includes the absolute intensities of different spectra; based on the obtained bispectral spectral information, the radiation intensity of the bispectral radiation in the target space to be measured is calculated using tomographic inversion iterative calculation; the atomic reaction characteristics of the target space to be measured are determined based on the ratio of radiation intensity; and the number of atomic reactions is quantitatively determined based on the atomic reaction characteristics of the target space to be measured and the radiation intensity or photon number.

[0049] Combination Figure 3 The selected two-dimensional spatial region is divided into n spatial grid regions according to the required spatial resolution of the measurement. Each spatial grid region is the target space to be measured. Dividing the space into n spatial grid regions includes the following operations: obtaining the spatial region to be divided, which is the corresponding space of the selected two-dimensional spatial region on a cross-section perpendicular to the circumference of the nuclear fusion device; and then dividing this space into n spatial grid regions according to the required resolution of the spatial region to be divided. Diagnostic analysis is performed on all or part of the target space to be measured obtained from the division to obtain the number and distribution of ionization and recombination reactions within the entire or partial selected two-dimensional spatial region.

[0050] The dual spectral lines are a first spectral line and a second spectral line; the first spectral line is the low quantum number Balmer line H. α(n=3), the second spectral line is the high quantum number Balmer line (n≥5); a. When the target space to be measured is an ionization reaction region, the number of ionization reactions in the region is calculated based on the radiation intensity of the first spectral line at the target space and the number of ionization reactions per unit photon; b. When the target space to be measured is a recombination reaction region, the number of recombination reactions in the region is calculated based on the radiation intensity of the second spectral line at the target space and the number of recombination reactions per unit photon; c. When the target space to be measured is a mixed region, the number of ionization reactions or recombination reactions in the region is calculated by selecting one of the above methods a or b based on the ratio of the radiation intensity of the dual-spectral radiation at the target space.

[0051] The acquisition of bispectral spectral information of the selected two-dimensional spatial region includes: measuring the selected two-dimensional spatial region using a two-faceted CCD detector, where the pixel sequences of the two-faceted CCD detectors correspond to the same spatial location. Based on the acquired bispectral spectral information, the radiant intensity of the bispectral radiation in the target space is calculated using tomographic inversion iterative calculation, including: absolute calibration of the measurements from the two-faceted CCD detectors, including in-situ calibration of the spectral line measurements from the two-faceted CCD detectors, determining the number of photons corresponding to the measurement value of each pixel of the two-faceted CCD detectors. Based on the absolute calibration of each pixel of the two-faceted CCD detectors, the radiant intensity of the bispectral spectral lines of the selected two-dimensional spatial region at the two-faceted CCD detectors is measured. Based on the radiant intensity, tomographic inversion is used for iterative calculation, and the corresponding radiant intensities of the bispectral lines at the target space are obtained through inversion analysis. The ratio of the radiant intensities of the bispectral radiation at the target space is then calculated. Based on the atomic reaction characteristics of the target space, determine whether the target space is an ionization reaction region, a recombination reaction region, or a mixed region containing both ionization and recombination reactions. Then, calculate the number of atomic reactions in the target space using the number of ionization or recombination reactions per unit photon, based on the atomic reaction characteristics of the target space.

[0052] This method can provide the characteristics, quantity, and spatial distribution of atomic reactions in the edge or divertor region of a nuclear fusion device. It can simultaneously analyze multiple atomic reaction processes and features a large measured spatial area, high spatial resolution, and high temporal resolution.

[0053] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 This method can be executed by following these steps:

[0054] S1. Determine the spectral lines of the two-array CCD detector to be used, namely the first spectral line L1 and the second spectral line L2. The first spectral line of the dual-spectral system is the low quantum number Balmer line H. α (656.2nm), the second spectral line is the high quantum number Balmer line (n≥5, such as H). γ Hε H η (etc.), the specific spectral lines need to be determined based on the actual operating conditions of the measurement space area. This dual-spectrum system includes the components formed by the above-mentioned two-sided CCD array detectors. Determining the spectral lines of the dual-spectrum system here means determining the spectral lines of the two-sided CCD array detectors.

[0055] The determining principle is: under the condition that the intensity of high quantum number spectral lines meets the detection requirements, Balmer lines with higher quantum numbers should be selected as much as possible, which can reduce the theoretical error of this method.

[0056] S2. Measurement Space and Spatial Geometric Parameter Calibration. The measurement space is determined, and based on the circumferential symmetry of the nuclear fusion device, the cross-section perpendicular to the circumferential direction is defined as follows: Figure 3 The measurement space in the (R, z) plane is denoted as W. Combined with... Figure 3 The W region is divided into n spatial grid regions according to the required spatial resolution of the measurement, denoted as the target space S to be measured. i Let i = 1, 2, 3, ..., n. The corresponding radiation coefficient at this spatial location is denoted as r. i .

[0057] The pixel sequences of the first array CCD detector and the second array CCD detector are denoted as A. j and B j j = 1, 2, 3, ... m. A and B both measure the same spatial region W, and A... j With B j Corresponding to the same spatial location. Calculate S i The length d of the line of sight for each pixel j of the CCD detector camera ij .

[0058] S3. Perform absolute calibration of detector measurements. Perform in-situ calibration of the L1 and L2 spectral lines of the first and second array CCD detectors to determine the number of photons corresponding to the measured values.

[0059] S4. Set the timing control parameters, simultaneously trigger the first and second array signal detectors, and perform measurements to obtain the relative radiation intensity of the L1 and L2 spectral lines in the entire measurement space at the first and second array CCD detectors, respectively; calculate the radiation intensity based on the calibration value of S3.

[0060] S5. Perform inversion analysis using the tomographic inversion iterative formula.

[0061]

[0062] Obtain the target space S to be measured i Radiation intensity r at the location i In the formula and The target space S to be measured in the k-th and k+1-th iterations are respectively. i The corresponding unknown radiation intensity, I j Let d be the radiation intensity measured by pixel j of the detector's CCD camera. ij Let S be the target space to be measured. i The length of the line of sight for each pixel in a CCD camera.

[0063] S6. Calculate the ratio of the bispectral radiation intensity in the space of the target object. This includes using the formula... Calculate the dual-spectral radiation in the target space S i The ratio of radiation intensity y i In the formula and Spectral lines L1 and L2 are respectively located in the target space S to be measured. i Radiation intensity at that location;

[0064] S7. Determine the target space S based on the ratio of the radiation intensity of the measured target space. i The atomic reaction characteristics were studied. Based on theoretical data, the ratio of the number of radiated photons A(n) of the L1 and L2 spectral lines under different plasma densities and temperatures was calculated. e ,T e According to A(n) e ,T e ) characteristics and y i The value is given by the target space S to be measured. i Atomic reaction characteristics; determination of the target space S to be measured i Is it an ionization reaction region, a complex reaction region, or a mixed region that combines both ionization and complex reactions?

[0065] S8, Based on spatial region S i The atomic reaction characteristics are used to calculate the spatial region S using the ionization reaction or recombination reaction number per unit photon (SXB). i The number of atomic reactions; a. in the target space S to be measured i When it is an ionization reaction region, according to b. Calculate the number of ionization reactions based on the number of ionization reactions per unit photon; i When it is a complex reaction region, according to Calculate the number of recombination reactions with the recombination reaction number per unit photon; c. In the target space S to be measured i When it is a mixed region, according to y i The value is selected from either method a or b above to calculate the ionization reaction or the complex reaction.

[0066] S9. Based on step S8, repeat the calculation of all target spaces S to be measured.i This yields the number and spatial distribution of ionization and recombination reactions within the entire measurement space W.

[0067] Example 2, refer to Figure 2 This embodiment provides a measurement component for quantitative diagnosis of atomic reactions in a nuclear fusion device, including: a beam splitter, a first array CCD detector, and a second array CCD detector. The incident end of the beam splitter is used to receive light emitted from the middle edge and divertor region of the nuclear fusion device and split the light into two. The incident end of the first array CCD detector corresponds to the first exit portion of one optical path split from the beam splitter. The incident end of the second array CCD detector corresponds to the second exit portion of the other optical path split from the beam splitter.

[0068] Based on this embodiment, further optimizations can be made, such as providing a first filter at the incident end of the first array CCD detector, with a first lens at the front end of the first filter; and providing a second filter at the incident end of the second array CCD detector, with a second lens at the front end of the second filter.

[0069] After passing through the aforementioned beam splitter, the first array CCD detector receives the first spectral line, which is the low quantum number Balmer line H. α A 656.2nm area array CCD detector, and a second area array CCD detector for receiving the second spectral line as a high quantum number Barmer line (n≥5, such as H). γ H ε H η (etc.) array-type CCD detectors.

[0070] The measurement component used in the quantitative diagnosis of atomic reactions in a nuclear fusion device may further include a data acquisition and processing module for acquiring and processing signals from the detector. The data acquisition and processing module includes a computer equipped with a program for data processing and analysis, which is used for data acquisition, tomographic inversion analysis, and data processing. The data includes spectral line intensities, space radiation intensity, space geometric data, atomic reaction data, and diagnostic system control parameters, and can perform tomographic inversion iterative calculations in the aforementioned quantitative diagnostic method for atomic reactions.

[0071] Example 3, referring to Figure 2This embodiment provides a quantitative diagnostic system for atomic reactions in a nuclear fusion device, comprising: a vacuum-sealed observation window, which is sealed on the nuclear fusion device to allow light from inside the device to be emitted; adjusting the vacuum-sealed observation window to control a selected two-dimensional spatial region without affecting the vacuum characteristics of the nuclear fusion device; an optical path mirror group, the incident end of which corresponds to the vacuum-sealed observation window and is used to guide the direction of the light path; a signal detection module, the incident end of which corresponds to the exit end of the optical path mirror group; and a data acquisition and processing module connected to the signal detection module; wherein the optical path mirror group includes a beam splitter arranged on the optical path to split the incident light into two; the signal detection module includes a first array CCD detector and a second array CCD detector; the exit end of the beam splitter corresponds to the incident ends of the first array CCD detector and the second array CCD detector, respectively.

[0072] The specific construction of this quantitative diagnostic system for atomic reactions can be carried out according to the following scheme. (See attached...) Figure 1 The system includes a vacuum-sealed observation window 3, reflectors 5 and 8, a collimating lens 6, a beam splitter 7, a first lens 9, a second lens 10, a first filter 11, a second filter 12, a first array CCD detector 13, a second array CCD detector 14, a timing control module 15, and a data acquisition and processing module 16.

[0073] Among them, the beam splitter 7 adopts a dichroic mirror with specific parameters of reflectivity >95% in the 350-570nm band and transmittance >93% in the 590-950nm band; the center wavelength of the first filter 11 is 656.2nm and the center wavelength of the second filter 12 is 383.5nm; the pixels of the first and second array CCD detectors are 512×512 and the readout speed is greater than 200 frames / second.

[0074] The radiation light from the measurement area passes through the vacuum-sealed observation window 3, the reflector 5, and the collimating lens 6 to reach the beam splitter 7. After passing through the beam splitter 7, it is split into two beams, which enter the first spectral system and the second spectral system respectively. The first spectral system includes a first lens 9, a first filter 11, and a first area array CCD detector 13. The second spectral system includes a second lens 10, a second filter 12, and a second area array CCD detector 14.

[0075] The timing control module 15 controls the working timing of the first array CCD detector 13 and the second array CCD detector 14; the data acquisition and processing module 16 is used to acquire and process the signals of the detectors.

[0076] The quantitative diagnostic system for atomic reactions using this nuclear fusion device can be implemented using the following steps to achieve the above-mentioned quantitative diagnostic method for atomic reactions:

[0077] Step 1: Based on the physical parameters and operating conditions of the diagnostic area, determine that the first spectral line of the dual-spectral system is the low quantum number Balmer line H. α (3→2), here the first spectral line transitions from the energy level with principal quantum number 3 to the energy level with principal quantum number 2, and the second spectral line is the high quantum number Balmer line H. η (9→2), the second spectral line transitions from the energy level with principal quantum number 9 to the energy level with principal quantum number 2.

[0078] Step 2: Determine the measurement space of this system as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 3 , attached Figure 3 The cross-section is perpendicular to the circumference of the nuclear fusion device, with a spatial range of 700mm × 500mm. (According to the attached...) Figure 2 The measurement space resolution is set to 7mm × 5mm, and the space is divided into n grid regions, denoted as S. i Let i = 1, 2, 3, ..., n. The corresponding radiation coefficient at this spatial location is denoted as r. i The pixel sequences of the first array signal detector and the second signal detector are denoted as A. j and B j j = 1, 2, 3, ..., 512 2 And A j With B j Corresponding to the same spatial location. Calculate S i The length d of the line of sight for each pixel j of the detector's CCD camera ij .

[0079] Step 3: Perform in-situ calibration of the detector measurements of the diagnostic system on the nuclear fusion device. On the nuclear fusion device, using an integrating sphere and a standard light source, determine the H values ​​corresponding to different pixel positions of the first array CCD detector 13 under the current space environment conditions. α The number of photons, corresponding to H values ​​measured at different pixel positions of the second array CCD detector 14. η Photon count. This gives the detector's output for H across all pixels. α and H η Calibration parameters for spectral lines.

[0080] Step 4: Set timing control parameters, and use the timing control module 15 to simultaneously trigger the first and second array signal detectors and perform measurements. The first array CCD detector 13 obtains the H of the entire measurement space. α The spectral radiation intensity distribution is obtained by the second-array CCD detector 14, which captures the H of the entire measurement space. ηSpectral line radiation intensity distribution; and store the corresponding data; calculate the absolute intensity corresponding to the measured value based on the calibration parameters in step 3.

[0081] Step 5: Based on the results of Step 4 and Step 3, use the tomographic inversion iterative formula.

[0082]

[0083] Inversion analysis is performed to obtain the target space S to be measured. i Radiation intensity at the location and In the formula and The target space S to be measured in the k-th and k+1-th iterations are respectively. i The corresponding unknown radiation intensity, I j Let d be the absolute radiation intensity measured by pixel j of the detector's CCD camera. ij Let S be the target space to be measured. i The length of the line of sight for each pixel in a CCD camera. and Spectral lines H α and H η In the target space S to be measured i Radiation intensity at point r, initial value i 0 Set to 0.

[0084] step6: Use formula Calculate the dual-spectral radiation in the target space S i The ratio of radiation intensity y i .

[0085] Step 7: Based on theoretical data, calculate H under different plasma densities and temperatures. α and H η Spectral line radiation photon ratio A(n) e ,T e According to A(n) e ,T e ) characteristics, determine S i Atomic reaction characteristics of the region. When y i When ≥10000, the entire region consists of ionization reactions, and is called the ionization reaction region; when y i When the value is ≤400, the entire region consists of complex reactions and is called the complex reaction region; other regions contain both ionization reactions and complex reactions and are called mixed regions.

[0086] Step 8: Based on spatial region S iThe atomic reaction characteristics are used to calculate the spatial region S using the ionization reaction or recombination reaction number per unit photon (SXB). i The number of atomic reactions. In the target space S to be measured. i When it is an ionization reaction region, according to The number of ionization reactions is calculated by multiplying by the ionization reaction number coefficient per unit photon; in the target space S to be measured i When it is a complex reaction region, according to The number of recombination reactions is calculated by multiplying by the recombination reaction number per unit photon; in the target space S to be measured i When it is a mixed region, y i ≤2000 according to The number of recombination reactions is calculated by multiplying by the recombination reaction number per unit photon, when y i ≥2000 according to The number of ionization reactions is calculated by multiplying by the ionization reaction number coefficient per unit photon.

[0087] Step 9: Based on step 8, repeat the calculation of all target spaces S to be measured. i This allows us to obtain the number and spatial distribution of ionization and recombination reactions throughout the entire measurement space.

[0088] The beneficial effects of this system are that it can provide the atomic reaction characteristics, quantity and spatial distribution of the edge or divertor region of a nuclear fusion device, and can simultaneously analyze multiple atomic reaction processes. It features a simple system, a large measured spatial area (m×m), strong two-dimensional spatial resolution (mm×mm), and high temporal resolution (up to 5ms).

[0089] The above-described specific embodiments further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of quantitative diagnosis of atomic reactions of a nuclear fusion device, characterized by, The application relates to a quantitative measurement method for atomic reaction processes of plasma in a two-dimensional space of an edge and a filter region of a nuclear fusion device, and the method comprises the following steps: a selected two-dimensional space region in the nuclear fusion device is determined, and a target space to be measured in the selected two-dimensional space region is demarcated; dual-spectrum spectral line information of the selected two-dimensional space region is acquired, wherein the dual-spectrum spectral line information comprises different spectral absolute intensities; radiation intensities of dual-spectrum radiation in the target space to be measured are calculated through tomographic inversion iteration according to the acquired dual-spectrum spectral line information; atomic reaction characteristics of the target space to be measured are determined according to the radiation intensity ratio, and the atomic reaction number is quantitatively determined according to the atomic reaction characteristics of the target space to be measured and the radiation intensity or the photon number.

2. The quantitative atomic reaction diagnosis method of the nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, wherein the dual-spectrum spectral line information of the selected two-dimensional space region comprises the following steps: a two-surface array type CCD detector is used to measure the selected two-dimensional space region, and the pixel sequence of the two-surface array type CCD detector corresponds to the same space position.

3. The quantitative atomic reaction diagnosis method of the nuclear fusion device according to claim 2, wherein the calculation of the radiation intensities of the dual-spectrum radiation in the target space to be measured through tomographic inversion iteration according to the acquired dual-spectrum spectral line information comprises the following steps: the measurement values of the two-surface array type CCD detector are absolutely calibrated, and the measurement values of the spectral lines of the two-surface array type detector are calibrated in situ to determine the photon number corresponding to the measurement values of each pixel point of the two-surface array type CCD detector.

4. The quantitative atomic reaction diagnosis method of the nuclear fusion device according to claim 3, wherein the absolute calibration of each pixel point of the two-surface array type CCD detector is used to measure the radiation intensities of the dual-spectrum spectral lines of the selected two-dimensional space region in the two-surface array type CCD detector.

5. The quantitative atomic reaction diagnosis method of the nuclear fusion device according to claim 4, wherein the corresponding radiation intensities of the dual-spectrum lines in the target space to be measured are obtained through inversion analysis by using the tomographic inversion to iteratively calculate the radiation intensities of the dual-spectrum radiation in the target space to be measured according to the radiation intensities.

6. The quantitative atomic reaction diagnosis method of the nuclear fusion device according to claim 4, further comprising the following steps: the atomic reaction characteristics of the target space to be measured are obtained by judging whether the target space to be measured is an ionization reaction region, a recombination reaction region or a mixed region with both ionization reaction and recombination reaction according to the radiation intensity ratio of the target space to be measured.

7. The quantitative atomic reaction diagnosis method of the nuclear fusion device according to claim 6, wherein the atomic reaction number of the target space to be measured is calculated by using the ionization reaction or recombination reaction number per unit photon according to the atomic reaction characteristics of the target space to be measured.

8. The quantitative atomic reaction diagnosis method of the nuclear fusion device according to claim 7, wherein the dual-spectrum spectral lines are a first spectral line and a second spectral line. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ The first spectral line is a low quantum number Balmer line H α , and the second spectral line is a high quantum number Balmer line, wherein the second spectral line n >= 5, n being the principal quantum number of the atom of the spectral line. a. When the target space to be measured is an ionization reaction region, the ionization reaction quantity of the region is calculated according to the radiation intensity of the first spectral line at the target space to be measured and the ionization reaction number per unit photon; b. When the target space to be measured is a recombination reaction region, the recombination reaction quantity of the region is calculated according to the radiation intensity of the second spectral line at the target space to be measured and the recombination reaction number per unit photon; c. When the target space to be measured is a mixed region, the ionization reaction or recombination reaction quantity of the region is calculated according to the radiation intensity ratio of the dual-spectrum radiation at the target space to be measured by selecting one of the above methods a or b.

9. The atomic reaction quantitative diagnosis method of the nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, wherein the target space to be measured in the selected two-dimensional space region is determined by: dividing the selected two-dimensional space region into n space grid regions according to the space resolution requirement of the measurement, and each space grid region is the target space to be measured.

10. The atomic reaction quantitative diagnosis method of the nuclear fusion device according to claim 9, wherein the dividing into n space grid regions comprises the following operations: obtaining a space region to be divided, which is the corresponding space of the selected two-dimensional space region in a profile perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the nuclear fusion device, and then dividing the space into n space grid regions according to the resolution requirement of the space region to be divided.

11. The atomic reaction quantitative diagnosis method of the nuclear fusion device according to claim 10, wherein all or part of the target spaces to be measured obtained by the division are diagnosed to obtain the ionization reaction and recombination reaction quantity and distribution in the entire or part of the selected two-dimensional space region.

12. The atomic reaction quantitative diagnosis method of the nuclear fusion device according to claim 3, wherein when the tomographic inversion iterative calculation is used, the iterative formula is represented as: including: a vacuum sealed observation window arranged on the nuclear fusion device for sealing, for allowing light in the nuclear fusion device to be emitted from the vacuum sealed observation window, while adjusting the vacuum sealed observation window to control the selected two-dimensional space region; a light path mirror group corresponding to the incident end of the vacuum sealed observation window, for guiding the light path direction; a signal detection module corresponding to the exit end of the light path mirror group; wherein, and S is the space of the object to be measured at the kth and k+1th iteration respectively i I is the corresponding unknown radiation intensity j d is the radiation intensity measured by the array CCD detector camera pixel j ij L is the length of the line of sight of the array CCD detector camera for each pixel j of the object to be measured.

13. A system for quantitative diagnosis of atomic reactions of a nuclear fusion device, characterized in that, a data acquisition and processing module connected with the signal detection module; wherein the light path mirror group comprises a beam splitter arranged on the light path, for splitting the incident light into two; the signal detection module comprises a first area array type CCD detector and a second area array type CCD detector; the exit end of the beam splitter corresponds to the incident end of the first area array type CCD detector and the incident end of the second area array type CCD detector, respectively; the data acquisition and processing module is configured to execute the instruction of the tomographic inversion iterative calculation program, and the iterative formula of the tomographic inversion iterative calculation is represented as:

14. The atomic reaction quantitative diagnosis system of the nuclear fusion device according to claim 13, further comprising a timing control module. ​ ​ ​ wherein, and S is the space of the object to be measured at the kth and k+1th iteration respectively i I is the corresponding unknown radiation intensity j d is the radiation intensity measured by the array CCD detector camera pixel j ij is the length of the line of sight of the array CCD detector camera for each pixel j of the space of the object to be measured. ​ ​ The timing control module is connected to the first array CCD detector and the second array CCD detector, respectively. The data acquisition and processing module is connected to the first array CCD detector and the second array CCD detector, respectively. The timing control module is used for timing control of the first array CCD detector and the second array CCD detector, so as to trigger the first array CCD detector and the second array CCD detector to perform measurement work simultaneously.

15. The quantitative diagnostic system for atomic reactions in a nuclear fusion device according to claim 13, characterized in that, The optical path mirror assembly includes: A first lens is disposed at the incident end of a first array CCD detector. The second lens is disposed at the incident end of the second array CCD detector.

16. The atomic reaction quantitative diagnostic system for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 15, characterized in that, The optical path mirror assembly includes: A first filter is disposed at the emission end of the first lens; The second filter is disposed at the exit end of the second lens.

17. The quantitative diagnostic system for atomic reactions in a nuclear fusion device according to claim 13, characterized in that, The optical path mirror assembly also includes a collimating mirror arranged on the optical path; The incident end of the collimating lens corresponds to the exit end of the vacuum-sealed observation window; The exit end of the collimating lens corresponds to the entrance end of the beam splitter.

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