Multi-Protocol Allocation Method and Device for QKD Backbone Network

Abstract

The present invention provides a multi - protocol allocation method and apparatus for a QKD backbone network. The method includes querying information of the QKD backbone network; screening available QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the parity of the number of relay nodes, and multiplexing and combining the QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the total key generation rate requirement and the multi - protocol cooperation requirement; calculating the total deployment cost and total operation cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes; calculating the weighted cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the cost weight, and selecting the multi - protocol multiplexing combination with the lowest weighted cost; and updating the state of the QKD backbone network. The present invention can improve the practical security of the QKD backbone network while adapting to its multi - protocol cooperation requirements, can effectively reduce the deployment and operation costs of the multi - protocol QKD backbone network, and can improve the multi - protocol parallel cooperation and flexible switching capabilities of the QKD backbone network.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a multi - protocol allocation method and device for a QKD backbone network, belonging to the technical field of quantum key distribution. Background Art

[0002] A Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) network has the potential to support the security of user networks and can ensure the secure transmission of confidential data between users by providing information - theoretic secure quantum keys. The QKD protocol is a key element in constructing a QKD network. Traditional QKD backbone networks are composed of a single QKD protocol, that is, the same QKD protocol is used between any pair of adjacent nodes. The QKD backbone network based on a single protocol does not need to consider complex issues such as multi - protocol compatibility, cooperation, and switching, making this networking mode widely adopted by existing QKD backbone networks.

[0003] However, the practical security of the QKD backbone network in this networking mode overly depends on a single QKD protocol. Once the practical security of this protocol is threatened, it is likely to directly affect the practical security of the QKD backbone network. Especially, when the backbone network carrying a large amount of information is under a security attack, it is likely to cause inestimable losses.

[0004] With the rapid development and continuous progress of QKD protocols, a variety of high - performance QKD protocols have been invented. Relying on a single QKD protocol gradually fails to meet the requirements for constructing a high - performance QKD backbone network. Network operators can build a multi - protocol QKD backbone network for the consideration of practical security. This network will become the main form of future QKD backbone networks, which is conducive to meeting the growing security requirements and further enhancing the practical security of QKD backbone networks.

[0005] The increase in the number of protocol types in a multi - protocol QKD backbone network improves the practical security to a certain extent, but also poses higher requirements for multi - protocol allocation. Therefore, not considering multi - protocol allocation or adopting random allocation is likely to cause resource waste or cost increase, and it is difficult to adapt to the key generation rate requirements of the QKD backbone network. The lack of a multi - protocol allocation method and device will lead to a reduction in the efficiency of multi - protocol cooperation and switching, and thus fail to meet the multi - protocol cooperation requirements of the QKD backbone network.

[0006] In view of the complexity of QKD backbone network requirements and the diversity of protocols, how to allocate various QKD protocols on - demand between QKD backbone nodes has become a key problem in constructing a multi - protocol QKD backbone network, and this problem has not been solved yet. The above problems should be considered and solved during the multi - protocol allocation process of the QKD backbone network. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a multi - protocol allocation method and device for a QKD backbone network, which solves the problems existing in the prior art that the multi - protocol allocation uses random allocation, which is likely to cause resource waste and cost increase, and the multi - protocol cooperation and switching efficiency need to be improved.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A multi - protocol allocation method for a QKD backbone network includes the following steps:

[0010] S1. Query the information of the QKD backbone network, including topology information, key demand information, multi - protocol information and operation information;

[0011] S2. Based on the information of the QKD backbone network obtained in step S1, filter the available QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes according to the parity of the number of relay nodes, and multiplex and combine the QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the total key generation rate requirement and multi - protocol cooperation requirement, so as to obtain the multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes;

[0012] S3. Calculate the total deployment cost and total operation cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes;

[0013] S4. Set the cost weights of the QKD backbone network, including the deployment cost weight and the operation cost weight, calculate the weighted cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the cost weights, and select the multi - protocol multiplexing combination with the lowest weighted cost between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes;

[0014] S5. Perform multi - protocol allocation between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the selected multi - protocol multiplexing combination, and update the state of the QKD backbone network.

[0015] Further, in step S1, when querying the topology information, key demand information, multi - protocol information and operation information of the QKD backbone network, specifically:

[0016] S11. Query the topology information of the QKD backbone network, including topology structure, node and fiber - optic link information;

[0017] S12. Query the key demand information, including the key generation rate requirement between each pair of QKD backbone nodes, where each pair of QKD backbone nodes includes adjacent QKD backbone nodes and non - adjacent QKD backbone nodes, and query the QKD path between each pair of non - adjacent QKD backbone nodes;

[0018] S13. Query the multi - protocol information of the QKD backbone network, including optional QKD protocols and multi - protocol cooperation requirements;

[0019] S14. Query the operation information of the QKD backbone network, including the planned operation time.

[0020] Further, in step S2, based on the parity of the number of relay nodes, filter the available QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes, and multiplex and combine the QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the total key generation rate requirement and the multi-protocol cooperation requirement to obtain the multi-protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes. Specifically,

[0021] S21. Find the relay nodes between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes;

[0022] S22. Query the number of relay nodes between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes. Adjacent QKD backbone nodes are directly connected or connected through one or more relay nodes;

[0023] S23. From the query result of step S12, calculate the total key generation rate requirement between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes;

[0024] S24. Query the key generation rate that can be achieved by the optional QKD protocols in step S13 on different optical fiber links of the QKD backbone network;

[0025] S25. Based on the parity of the number of relay nodes, filter the optional QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes. The QKD protocols applicable to odd and even numbers of networking relay nodes involve 1 pair of adjacent node pairs, and the QKD protocols only applicable to odd numbers of networking relay nodes involve 2 pairs of adjacent node pairs, to obtain the QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes;

[0026] S26. Calculate the key generation rate that can be achieved without multiplexing for each single protocol between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes;

[0027] S27. Set the single-protocol multiplexing times between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the total key generation rate requirement;

[0028] S28. From the single-protocol multiplexing times obtained in step S27, multiplex and combine the QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes obtained in step S25 based on the multi-protocol cooperation requirement to obtain the multi-protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes.

[0029] Further, in step S23, the total key generation rate requirement between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes is obtained by superimposing the key generation rate requirement between adjacent QKD backbone nodes and the key generation rate requirement between non-adjacent QKD backbone nodes where the QKD path passes through this adjacent QKD backbone node.

[0030] Further, in step S26, the key generation rate achievable with a single protocol without multiplexing between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes is equal to the lowest key generation rate achievable on each optical fiber link between adjacent QKD backbone nodes, that is, the link connecting adjacent nodes including relay nodes and QKD backbone nodes.

[0031] Further, in step S27, the number of multiplexing times of a single protocol between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes is greater than or equal to the total key generation rate requirement between adjacent QKD backbone nodes divided by the key generation rate achievable with a single protocol without multiplexing.

[0032] Further, in step S3, calculate the total deployment cost and total operating cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes. Specifically,

[0033] S31: Query the average single - protocol deployment cost and average operating cost per unit time between adjacent nodes under the condition of no multiplexing;

[0034] S32: Calculate the total deployment cost and total operating cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes:

[0035] The total deployment cost of the multi - protocol multiplexing combination is the sum of the deployment costs of all QKD protocols in the multiplexing combination. Among them, the deployment cost of each QKD protocol in the multiplexing combination = the average single - protocol deployment cost of each QKD protocol in the multiplexing combination × the number of multiplexing times × (the number of adjacent node pairs between adjacent QKD backbone nodes ÷ the number of adjacent node pairs involved in a single protocol);

[0036] The total operating cost of the multi - protocol multiplexing combination is the sum of the operating costs of all QKD protocols in the multiplexing combination. Among them, the operating cost of each QKD protocol in the multiplexing combination = the average single - protocol operating cost of each QKD protocol in the multiplexing combination × the planned operating time × the number of multiplexing times × (the number of adjacent node pairs between adjacent QKD backbone nodes ÷ the number of adjacent node pairs involved in a single protocol).

[0037] Further, in step S4, calculate the weighted cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the cost weight. Specifically, the weighted cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing combination = the total deployment cost × the deployment cost weight + the total operating cost × the operating cost weight.

[0038] A multi - protocol allocation device for a QKD backbone network adopting the multi - protocol allocation method of the QKD backbone network described in any one of the above, including an information query module, a multi - protocol multiplexing combination module, a cost calculation module, a multiplexing combination selection module, and a status update module.

[0039] Information query module: Query the information of the QKD backbone network, including topology information, key demand information, multi - protocol information, and operating information.

[0040] Multi - protocol multiplexing and combination module: Based on the information of the QKD backbone network obtained by the information query module, filter the available QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the parity of the number of relay nodes. Based on the total key generation rate requirement and the multi - protocol cooperation requirement, multiplex and combine the QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes to obtain the multi - protocol multiplexing and combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes;

[0041] Cost calculation module: Calculate the total deployment cost and total operation cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing and combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes;

[0042] Multiplexing and combination selection module: Set the cost weights of the QKD backbone network including the deployment cost weight and the operation cost weight. Calculate the weighted cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing and combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the cost weights, and select the multi - protocol multiplexing and combination with the lowest weighted cost between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes;

[0043] Status update module: Based on the selected combination, perform multi - protocol allocation between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes and update the status of the QKD backbone network.

[0044] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0045] First, the multi - protocol allocation method and device for such a QKD backbone network can improve the practical security of the QKD backbone network while adapting to its multi - protocol cooperation requirements, can effectively reduce the deployment and operation costs of the multi - protocol QKD backbone network, and can improve the multi - protocol parallel cooperation and flexible switching capabilities of the QKD backbone network.

[0046] Second, the multi - protocol allocation method and device for such a QKD backbone network can achieve on - demand multi - protocol allocation between QKD backbone nodes by planning the multi - protocol multiplexing and combination between adjacent QKD backbone nodes and comprehensively considering the requirements and costs of multi - protocols, and can avoid the problems of resource waste, cost increase, and low multi - protocol cooperation and switching efficiency caused by the excessive dependence of the practical security of the QKD backbone network on a single QKD protocol and the lack of multi - QKD protocol allocation. Description of the Drawings

[0047] Figure 1 is a schematic flowchart of the multi - protocol allocation method for the QKD backbone network in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of the QKD backbone network in a specific example of the multi - protocol allocation method for the QKD backbone network in an embodiment;

[0049] Figure 3It is a schematic diagram showing the optional QKD protocols including BB84, GG02, COW, MDI, and TF protocols in a specific example of the multi - protocol allocation method for the QKD backbone network of the embodiment;

[0050] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram showing the multi - protocol allocation device for the QKD backbone network of the embodiment. Detailed implementation manner

[0051] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0052] Embodiment

[0053] A multi - protocol allocation method for a QKD backbone network, such as Figure 1 , includes the following steps,

[0054] S1. Query the information of the QKD backbone network, including topology information, key demand information, multi - protocol information, and operation information;

[0055] S11. Query the topology information of the QKD backbone network, including topology structure, node, and optical fiber link information;

[0056] S12. Query the key demand information, including the key generation rate demand between each pair of QKD backbone nodes. Each pair of QKD backbone nodes includes adjacent QKD backbone nodes and non - adjacent QKD backbone nodes, and query the QKD path between each pair of non - adjacent QKD backbone nodes;

[0057] In step S12, non - adjacent QKD backbone nodes refer to two QKD backbone nodes with other QKD backbone nodes between them.

[0058] S13. Query the multi - protocol information of the QKD backbone network, including optional QKD protocols and multi - protocol cooperation requirements;

[0059] In step S13, the optional QKD protocols are determined by the operator of the QKD backbone network according to the available QKD devices. Multi - protocol cooperation requirements, such as dual - protocol parallel cooperation requirements or triple - protocol random switching requirements, etc. The QKD backbone network increases the number of protocols through this requirement to enhance its practical security.

[0060] S14. Query the operation information of the QKD backbone network, including the planned operation time.

[0061] S2. Based on the information of the QKD backbone network obtained in step S1, filter the available QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes according to the parity of the number of relay nodes, and multiplex and combine the QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the total key generation rate demand and multi - protocol cooperation requirements to obtain the multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes;

[0062] S21. Search for relay nodes between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes; adjacent QKD backbone nodes mean that there are no other QKD backbone nodes between two QKD backbone nodes.

[0063] S22. Query the number of relay nodes between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes. Adjacent QKD backbone nodes are directly connected or connected through one or more relay nodes.

[0064] S23. Based on the query result of step S12, calculate the total key generation rate requirement between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes.

[0065] In step S23, the total key generation rate requirement between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes is obtained by superimposing the key generation rate requirement between adjacent QKD backbone nodes and the key generation rate requirement between non - adjacent QKD backbone nodes whose QKD paths pass through the adjacent QKD backbone nodes.

[0066] S24. Query the key generation rate that can be achieved by the optional QKD protocols in step S13 on different optical fiber links in the QKD backbone network.

[0067] In step S24, due to differences in link length, loss, etc. of different optical fiber links, the key generation rate that can be achieved by the QKD protocol on different optical fiber links is different.

[0068] S25. Screen the optional QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the parity of the number of relay nodes. The QKD protocols applicable to odd and even numbers of networking relay nodes involve 1 pair of adjacent node pairs, and the QKD protocols only applicable to odd numbers of networking relay nodes involve 2 pairs of adjacent node pairs, to obtain the QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes.

[0069] In step S25, nodes include QKD backbone nodes and relay nodes, and the number of relay nodes is the number of relay nodes between adjacent QKD backbone nodes. When the number of relay nodes is 0 (even), the adjacent nodes are adjacent QKD backbone nodes, and the number of adjacent node pairs is 1 pair. When the number of relay nodes ≥ 1, the adjacent nodes are a QKD backbone node and its adjacent relay node, or two adjacent relay nodes. The number of adjacent node pairs between adjacent QKD backbone nodes: when there is 1 relay node (such as A - B - C), the corresponding number of adjacent node pairs is 2 pairs (A - B, B - C); when the number of relay nodes is 2 (such as A - B - C - D), the corresponding number of adjacent node pairs is 3 pairs (A - B, B - C, C - D). The number of adjacent node pairs involved in the QKD protocol: is related to the QKD protocol category, such as Figure 3 .

[0070] S26. Calculate the key generation rate that can be achieved by a single protocol without multiplexing between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes.

[0071] In step S26, the key generation rate achievable without multiplexing for each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes is equal to the lowest key generation rate achievable on each optical fiber link between adjacent QKD backbone nodes, i.e., the link connecting adjacent nodes including relay nodes and QKD backbone nodes.

[0072] S27. Set the number of multiplexing times for each single protocol between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the total key generation rate requirement;

[0073] In step S27, the number of multiplexing times for each single protocol between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes is greater than or equal to the total key generation rate requirement between adjacent QKD backbone nodes divided by the key generation rate achievable without multiplexing for the single protocol.

[0074] S28. Based on the number of multiplexing times for the single protocol obtained in step S27, multiplex and combine the QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes obtained in step S25 according to the multi - protocol cooperation requirement, to obtain the multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes.

[0075] In step S2, the number of multiplexing times for the single protocol obtained in step S27 is to meet the total requirement of the key generation rate for a single protocol between adjacent QKD backbone nodes, and the multi - protocol multiplexing combination obtained in step S28 is to meet the multi - protocol cooperation requirement, which needs to meet the multi - protocol cooperation requirement on the basis of meeting the key generation rate requirement of each protocol. For example, dual - protocol multiplexing combination = 1 protocol with single / multiple multiplexing + another protocol with single / multiple multiplexing.

[0076] S3. Calculate the total deployment cost and total operating cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes;

[0077] S31. Query the average single - protocol deployment cost and average operating cost per unit time between adjacent nodes under the condition of no multiplexing;

[0078] In step S31, the deployment and operating costs of different QKD protocols are different, and the number of adjacent node pairs involved in different QKD protocols is also different. For example, the BB84 protocol involves 1 pair of adjacent nodes, while the MDI protocol involves 2 pairs of adjacent nodes.

[0079] S32. Calculate the total deployment cost and total operating cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes:

[0080] The total deployment cost of the multi - protocol multiplexing combination is the sum of the deployment costs of all QKD protocols in the multiplexing combination. Among them, the deployment cost of each QKD protocol in the multiplexing combination = the average single - protocol deployment cost of each QKD protocol in the multiplexing combination × the number of multiplexing times × (the number of adjacent node pairs between adjacent QKD backbone nodes ÷ the number of adjacent node pairs involved in the single protocol);

[0081] The total operating cost of the multi - protocol multiplexing combination is the sum of the operating costs of all QKD protocols in the multiplexing combination. Among them, the operating cost of each QKD protocol in the multiplexing combination = the average single - protocol operating cost of each QKD protocol in the multiplexing combination × planned operating time × multiplexing times × (the number of adjacent node pairs between adjacent QKD backbone nodes ÷ the number of adjacent node pairs involved in a single protocol).

[0082] S4. Set the cost weights of the QKD backbone network, including the deployment cost weight and the operating cost weight. Calculate the weighted cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the cost weights, and select the multi - protocol multiplexing combination with the lowest weighted cost between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes;

[0083] In step S4, calculating the weighted cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the cost weights is specifically that the weighted cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing combination = total deployment cost × deployment cost weight + total operating cost × operating cost weight.

[0084] In step S4, the cost weights are set by the QKD backbone network operator according to its own needs. For example, if the operator attaches importance to the short - term cost situation, it may focus on the deployment cost, while if it attaches importance to the long - term cost situation, it will take into account both the deployment and operating costs. Selecting the multi - protocol multiplexing combination with the lowest weighted cost between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes is beneficial to reducing costs and avoiding resource waste.

[0085] S5. Perform multi - protocol allocation between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the selected multi - protocol multiplexing combination, and update the state of the QKD backbone network.

[0086] In step S5, performing multi - protocol allocation between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the selected multi - protocol multiplexing combination can, after the allocation is completed, not only meet the multi - protocol collaboration requirements of the QKD backbone network but also meet the key generation rate requirements between each pair of QKD backbone nodes.

[0087] This multi - protocol allocation method and device for the QKD backbone network can improve the actual security of the QKD backbone network while adapting to its multi - protocol collaboration requirements, can effectively reduce the deployment and operating costs of the multi - protocol QKD backbone network, and can improve the multi - protocol parallel collaboration and flexible switching capabilities of the QKD backbone network.

[0088] In the present invention, by planning the multi - protocol multiplexing combination between adjacent QKD backbone nodes and comprehensively considering the requirements and costs of multiple protocols, it is possible to achieve on - demand multi - protocol allocation between QKD backbone nodes, and avoid problems such as the over - reliance of the actual security of the QKD backbone network on a single QKD protocol, resource waste, cost increase, and low multi - protocol collaboration and switching efficiency caused by the lack of multi - QKD protocol allocation.

[0089] The embodiment also provides a multi - protocol allocation device for a QKD backbone network adopting the multi - protocol allocation method of the QKD backbone network described in any one of the above, such as Figure 4 , including an information query module, a multi - protocol multiplexing combination module, a cost calculation module, a multiplexing combination selection module, and a status update module,

[0090] Information query module: Query the information of the QKD backbone network, including topology information, key demand information, multi - protocol information, and operation information;

[0091] Multi - protocol multiplexing combination module: Based on the information of the QKD backbone network obtained by the information query module, filter the available QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes according to the parity of the number of relay nodes, and multiplex and combine the QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the total key generation rate requirement and multi - protocol cooperation requirement, to obtain the multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes;

[0092] Cost calculation module: Calculate the total deployment cost and total operation cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes;

[0093] Multiplexing combination selection module: Set the cost weights of the QKD backbone network, including deployment cost weight and operation cost weight, calculate the weighted cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the cost weights, and select the multi - protocol multiplexing combination with the lowest weighted cost between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes;

[0094] Status update module: Execute the multi - protocol allocation between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the selected combination, and update the status of the QKD backbone network.

[0095] The multi - protocol allocation method and device of the QKD backbone network can realize the multi - protocol on - demand allocation that adapts to the requirements such as the key generation rate and multi - protocol cooperation of the QKD backbone network by planning and selecting the multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes, and update the status of the QKD backbone network after the multi - protocol allocation is completed. For the realistic security requirements of the existing QKD backbone network, the method and device can promote the multi - protocol parallel cooperation and flexible switching of the QKD backbone network by planning the multi - protocol multiplexing combination between adjacent QKD backbone nodes, and realize the multi - protocol on - demand allocation between QKD backbone nodes.

[0096] A specific example of the multi - protocol allocation method of the QKD backbone network in the embodiment is described as follows:

[0097] S1. Query the information of the QKD backbone network, including topology information, key demand information, multi - protocol information, and operation information; such as Figure 2 :

[0098] S11. Query the topological information of the QKD backbone network to obtain the specific information of 4 QKD backbone nodes, 4 relay nodes, and the QKD links between the nodes (such as link length, etc.);

[0099] S12. Query the QKD paths between each pair of non - adjacent QKD backbone nodes (A - C - D, B - D - C); Query the key generation rate requirements between each pair of QKD backbone nodes (50 kbps (A - B), 80 kbps (A - C), 70 kbps (A - D), 60 kbps (B - C), 80 kbps (B - D), 90 kbps (C - D));

[0100] S13. Query the optional QKD protocols of the QKD backbone network (BB84, GG02, COW, MDI, TF protocols), such as Figure 3 ; Query the multi - protocol cooperation requirements of the QKD backbone network (dual - protocol parallel cooperation requirements: it can either implement the use of keys from both protocols or achieve real - time switching between the two protocols);

[0101] In step S13, the protocols mentioned in the embodiment specifically refer to QKD protocols and do not involve other network protocols. Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram showing the optional QKD protocols including BB84, GG02, COW, MDI, and TF protocols in the specific example of the multi - protocol allocation method for the QKD backbone network in the embodiment; Figure 3 Among them, the BB84 (Bennett - Brard - 1984) protocol, GG02 (Grosshans - Grangier - 2002) protocol, COW (Coherent - One - Way) protocol, Measurement - Device - Independent (MDI) protocol, and Twin - Field (TF) protocol.

[0102] S14. Query the planned operation time of the QKD backbone network (730 days).

[0103] S2. Based on the information of the QKD backbone network obtained in step S1, filter the available QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the parity of the number of relay nodes, and multiplex and combine the QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the total key generation rate requirements and multi - protocol cooperation requirements to obtain the multi - protocol multiplexing combinations between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes.

[0104] S21. Perform multi - protocol multiplexing combination planning based on the queried QKD backbone network information. Find the relay nodes between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes (A - B: relay nodes R1 and R2, B - D: relay node R3, C - D: relay node R4);

[0105] S22. Query the number of relay nodes between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes (A-B: 2, A-C: 0, B-D: 1, C-D: 1);

[0106] S23. Calculate the total key generation rate requirements between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes (A-B: 50 kbps, A-C: 80 + 70 kbps, B-D: 80 + 60 kbps, C-D: 90 + 70 + 60 kbps, where the addition of key generation rates indicates that the key generation rate requirements between other non-adjacent QKD backbone nodes are carried between this pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes);

[0107] S24. Query the key generation rates that can be achieved by the optional QKD protocols in step S13 on different optical fiber links of the QKD backbone network (the key generation rate is closely related to the length / loss of the optical fiber QKD link. In this embodiment, for simplicity of description, it is assumed that the optical fiber types between all adjacent nodes are the same, that is, the optical fiber losses corresponding to the same link length are the same. BB84 supports 70 kbps (80 km) / 100 kbps (60 km), GG02 supports 40 kbps (80 km) / 80 kbps (60 km), COW supports 55 kbps (80 km) / 100 kbps (60 km), MDI supports 50 kbps (160 km) / 65 kbps (120 km), TF supports 80 kbps (160 km) / 130 kbps (120 km). When the link symmetries between the two pairs of adjacent nodes involved in the MDI and TF protocols are different, the key generation rate is determined by the long link because the short link is supplemented with optical fiber to make up the symmetry);

[0108] S25. Screen the available QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the parity of the number of relay nodes (A-B: BB84, GG02, COW; A-C: BB84, GG02, COW; B-D: BB84, GG02, COW, MDI, TF; C-D: BB84, GG02, COW, MDI, TF);

[0109] In step S25, based on the physical properties and signal transceiver characteristics of the QKD protocol, the number of adjacent node pairs involved is 1 pair or 2 pairs respectively. Accordingly, the parity of the number of networking relay nodes applicable to it is divided into two categories: one is the QKD protocol applicable to both odd and even numbers of networking relay nodes (the number of adjacent node pairs is 1 pair), and the other is the QKD protocol only applicable to odd numbers of networking relay nodes (the number of adjacent node pairs is 2 pairs), such as Figure 3 .

[0110] S26. Calculate the key generation rate achievable without multiplexing for each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes (A-B: 70 kbps (BB84), 40 kbps (GG02), 55 kbps (COW); A-C: 100 kbps (BB84), 80 kbps (GG02), 100 kbps (COW); B-D: 70 kbps (BB84), 40 kbps (GG02), 55 kbps (COW), 50 kbps (MDI), 80 kbps (TF); C-D: 100 kbps (BB84), 80 kbps (GG02), 100 kbps (COW), 65 kbps (MDI), 130 kbps (TF));

[0111] S27. Set the multiplexing times of a single protocol for each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the total key generation rate requirement (A-B: 1 time (BB84), 2 times (GG02), 1 time (COW); A-C: 2 times (BB84), 2 times (GG02), 2 times (COW); B-D: 2 times (BB84), 4 times (GG02), 3 times (COW), 3 times (MDI), 2 times (TF); C-D: 3 times (BB84), 3 times (GG02), 3 times (COW), 4 times (MDI), 2 times (TF));

[0112] S28. Multiplex and combine the QKD protocols for each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the multi-protocol collaboration requirement to obtain the multi-protocol multiplexing combination for each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes (A-B: BB84(1)&GG02(2), BB84(1)&COW(1), GG02(2)&COW(1); A-C: BB84(2)&GG02(2), BB84(2)&COW(2), GG02(2)&COW(2); B-D: BB84(2)&GG02(4), BB84(2)&COW(3), BB84(2)&MDI(3), BB84(2)&TF(2), GG02(4)&COW(3), GG02(4)&MDI(3), GG02(4)&TF(2), COW(3)&MDI(3), COW(3)&TF(2), MDI(3)&TF(2); C-D: BB84(3)&GG02(3), BB84(3)&COW(3), BB84(3)&MDI(4), BB84(3)&TF(2), GG02(3)&COW(3), GG02(3)&MDI(4), GG02(3)&TF(2), COW(3)&MDI(4), COW(3)&TF(2), MDI(4)&TF(2), where the number in the parentheses after the protocol represents the multiplexing times of that protocol).

[0113] S3. Calculate the total deployment cost and total operating cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes.

[0114] S31. Query the average single - protocol deployment cost and average operating cost per unit time between adjacent nodes under the condition of no multiplexing (BB84 (1 pair of adjacent nodes): deployment 150 unit, operation 0.2 unit / day; GG02 (1 pair of adjacent nodes): deployment 90 unit, operation 0.2 unit / day; COW (1 pair of adjacent nodes): deployment 120 unit, operation 0.2 unit / day; MDI (2 pairs of adjacent nodes): deployment 270 unit, operation 0.25 unit / day; TF (2 pairs of adjacent nodes): deployment 400 unit, operation 0.25 unit / day, where unit is the normalized unit of cost).

[0115] S32. Calculate the total deployment cost and total operating cost of each multi-protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes (A - B (3 pairs of adjacent nodes): BB84(1)&GG02(2) - deployment 990 unit / operation 1314 unit, BB84(1)&COW(1) - deployment 810 unit / operation 876 unit, GG02(2)&COW(1) - deployment 900 unit / operation 1314 unit; A - C (1 pair of adjacent nodes): BB84(2)&GG02(2) - deployment 480 unit / operation 584 unit, BB84(2)&COW(2) - deployment 540 unit / operation 584 unit, GG02(2)&COW(2) - deployment 420 unit / operation 584 unit; B - D (2 pairs of adjacent nodes): BB84(2)&GG02(4) - deployment 1320 unit / operation 1752 unit, BB84(2)&COW(3) - deployment 1320 unit / operation 1460 unit, BB84(2)&MDI(3) - deployment 1410 unit / operation 1131.5 unit, BB84(2)&TF(2) - deployment 1400 unit / operation 949 unit, GG02(4)&COW(3) - deployment 1440 unit / operation 2044 unit, GG02(4)&MDI(3) - deployment 1530 unit / operation 1715.5 unit, GG02(4)&TF(2) - deployment 1520 unit / operation 1533 unit, COW(3)&MDI(3) - deployment 1530 unit / operation 1423.5 unit, COW(3)&TF(2) - deployment 1520 unit / operation 1241 unit, MDI(3)&TF(2) - deployment 1610 unit / operation 912.5 units; C-D (adjacent node pairs 2): BB84(3) & GG02(3) — deployed 1440 units / operated 1752 units, BB84(3) & COW(3) — deployed 1620 units / operated 1752 units, BB84(3) & MDI(4) — deployed 1980 units / operated 1606 units, BB84(3) & TF(2) — deployed 1700 units / operated 1241 units, GG02(3) & COW(3) — deployed 1260 units / operated 1752 units, GG02(3) & MDI(4) — deployed 1620 units / operated 1606 units, GG02(3) & TF(2) — deployed 1340 units / operated 1241 units, COW(3) & MDI(4) — deployed 1800 units / operated 1606 units, COW(3) & TF(2) — deployed 1520 units / operated 1241 units, MDI(4) & TF(2) — deployed 1880 units / operated 1095 units).

[0116] S4. Set the cost weights for the multi - protocol deployment and operation of the QKD backbone network, where the cost weights for multi - protocol deployment and operation are each 0.5; calculate the weighted cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the cost weights (A - B: BB84(1)&GG02(2) — 1152 unit, BB84(1)&COW(1) — 843 unit, GG02(2)&COW(1) — 1107 unit; A - C: BB84(2)&GG02(2) — 532 unit, BB84(2)&COW(2) — 562 unit, GG02(2)&COW(2) — 502 unit; B - D: BB84(2)&GG02(4) — 1536 unit, BB84(2)&COW(3) — 1390 unit, BB84(2)&MDI(3) — 1270.75 unit, BB84(2)&TF(2) — 1174.5 unit, GG02(4)&COW(3) — 1742 unit, GG02(4)&MDI(3) — 1622.75 unit, GG02(4)&TF(2) — 1526.5 unit, COW(3)&MDI(3) — 1476.75 unit, COW(3)&TF(2) — 1380.5 unit, MDI(3)&TF(2) — 1261.25 unit; C - D: BB84(3)&GG02(3) — 1596 unit, BB84(3)&COW(3) — 1686 unit, BB84(3)&MDI(4) — 1793 unit, BB84(3)&TF(2) — 1470.5 unit, GG02(3)&COW(3) — 1506 unit, GG02(3)&MDI(4) — 1613 unit, GG02(3)&TF(2) — 1290.5 unit, COW(3)&MDI(4) — 1703 unit, COW(3)&TF(2) — 1380.5 unit, MDI(4)&TF(2) — 1487.5 unit); select the multi - protocol multiplexing combination with the lowest weighted cost between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes (A - B: BB84(1)&COW(1) — 843 unit; A - C: GG02(2)&COW(2) — 502 unit; B - D: BB84(2)&TF(2) — 1174.5 unit; C - D: GG02(3)&TF(2) — 1290.5 unit). [[ID=②]]

[0117] [[ID=③]]S5. Perform multi - protocol allocation between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the selected multi - protocol multiplexing combination, and update the QKD backbone network status.[[ID=④]] [[ID=⑤]]

[0118] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereby. Any modification made to the technical solution according to the technical idea proposed by the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi - protocol allocation method for a QKD backbone network, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. Query the information of the QKD backbone network, including topological information, key demand information, multi-protocol information, and operation information. S2. Based on the information of the QKD backbone network obtained in step S1, filter the available QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes according to the parity of the number of relay nodes. Based on the total key generation rate requirement and multi-protocol cooperation requirement, multiplex and combine the QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes to obtain the multi-protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes. S3. Calculate the total deployment cost and total operation cost of each multi-protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes. S4. Set the cost weights of the QKD backbone network, including deployment cost weight and operation cost weight. Calculate the weighted cost of each multi-protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the cost weights, and select the multi-protocol multiplexing combination with the lowest weighted cost between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes. S5. Execute multi-protocol allocation between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the selected multi-protocol multiplexing combination, and update the status of the QKD backbone network.

2. The multi-protocol allocation method for the QKD backbone network according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, query the topological information, key demand information, multi-protocol information, and operation information of the QKD backbone network. Specifically: S11. Query the topological information of the QKD backbone network, including topological structure, node, and fiber link information. S12. Query the key demand information, including the key generation rate requirement between each pair of QKD backbone nodes. Each pair of QKD backbone nodes includes adjacent QKD backbone nodes and non-adjacent QKD backbone nodes, and query the QKD path between each pair of non-adjacent QKD backbone nodes. S13. Query the multi-protocol information of the QKD backbone network, including optional QKD protocols and multi-protocol cooperation requirements. S14. Query the operation information of the QKD backbone network, including the planned operation time.

3. The multi-protocol allocation method for the QKD backbone network according to claim 2, wherein: In step S2, filter the available QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes according to the parity of the number of relay nodes. Based on the total key generation rate requirement and multi-protocol cooperation requirement, multiplex and combine the QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes to obtain the multi-protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes. Specifically: S21. Find the relay nodes between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes. S22. Query the number of relay nodes between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes, where adjacent QKD backbone nodes are directly connected or connected through one or more relay nodes. S23. Calculate the total key generation rate requirement between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes according to the query result of step S12. S24. Query the key generation rate that can be achieved by the optional QKD protocols in step S13 on different fiber links of the QKD backbone network. S25. Filter the optional QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes according to the parity of the number of relay nodes. The QKD protocols applicable to odd and even numbers of relay nodes in the network involve 1 pair of adjacent node pairs, and the QKD protocols only applicable to odd numbers of relay nodes in the network involve 2 pairs of adjacent node pairs, to obtain the QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes. S26. Calculate the key generation rate achievable without multiplexing for each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes; S27. Set the multiplexing times of a single protocol for each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the total key generation rate requirement; S28. Based on the multiplexing times of a single protocol obtained in step S27, multiplex and combine the QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes obtained in step S25 according to the multi - protocol cooperation requirement to obtain the multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes.

4. The multi-protocol allocation method for the QKD backbone network according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S23, the total key generation rate requirement between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes is obtained by superimposing the key generation rate requirement between adjacent QKD backbone nodes and the key generation rate requirement between non - adjacent QKD backbone nodes through which the QKD path passes through the adjacent QKD backbone nodes.

5. The multi-protocol allocation method for the QKD backbone network according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S26, the key generation rate achievable without multiplexing for each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes is equal to the lowest key generation rate achievable on each optical fiber link between adjacent QKD backbone nodes, that is, the link connecting adjacent nodes including relay nodes and QKD backbone nodes.

6. The multi-protocol allocation method for the QKD backbone network according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S27, the multiplexing times of a single protocol for each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes is greater than or equal to the total key generation rate requirement between adjacent QKD backbone nodes divided by the key generation rate achievable without multiplexing of a single protocol.

7. The multi - protocol allocation method for the QKD backbone network according to claim 3, wherein: In step S3, calculate the total deployment cost and total operation cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes. Specifically, S31. Query the average single - protocol deployment cost and average operation cost per unit time between adjacent nodes under the condition of no multiplexing; S32. Calculate the total deployment cost and total operation cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes: The total deployment cost of the multi - protocol multiplexing combination is the sum of the deployment costs of all QKD protocols in the multiplexing combination. Among them, the deployment cost of each QKD protocol in the multiplexing combination = the average single - protocol deployment cost of each QKD protocol in the multiplexing combination × multiplexing times × (the number of adjacent node pairs between adjacent QKD backbone nodes ÷ the number of adjacent node pairs involved in a single protocol); The total operation cost of the multi - protocol multiplexing combination is the sum of the operation costs of all QKD protocols in the multiplexing combination. Among them, the operation cost of each QKD protocol in the multiplexing combination = the average single - protocol operation cost of each QKD protocol in the multiplexing combination × planned operation time × multiplexing times × (the number of adjacent node pairs between adjacent QKD backbone nodes ÷ the number of adjacent node pairs involved in a single protocol).

8. The multi - protocol allocation method for the QKD backbone network according to any one of claims 1 - 7, characterized in that: In step S4, calculate the weighted cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the cost weight. Specifically, the weighted cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing combination = total deployment cost × deployment cost weight + total operation cost × operation cost weight.

9. A multi - protocol allocation device for a QKD backbone network adopting the multi - protocol allocation method of the QKD backbone network according to any one of claims 1 - 8, characterized in that: It includes an information query module, a multi - protocol multiplexing combination module, a cost calculation module, a multiplexing combination selection module, and a status update module. Information query module: Query the information of the QKD backbone network, including topology information, key demand information, multi - protocol information, and operation information; Multi - protocol multiplexing combination module: Based on the information of the QKD backbone network obtained by the information query module, filter the available QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes according to the parity of the number of relay nodes. Based on the total key generation rate requirement and the multi - protocol cooperation requirement, multiplex and combine the QKD protocols between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes to obtain the multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes; Cost calculation module: Calculate the total deployment cost and total operation cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes; Multiplexing combination selection module: Set the cost weights of the QKD backbone network including the deployment cost weight and the operation cost weight. Calculate the weighted cost of each multi - protocol multiplexing combination between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the cost weights, and select the multi - protocol multiplexing combination with the lowest weighted cost between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes; Status update module: Execute the multi - protocol allocation between each pair of adjacent QKD backbone nodes based on the selected combination, and update the status of the QKD backbone network.

Images