Ashless additive composition

Abstract

The present disclosure describes an ashless lubricant additive. The additive is a tertiary amine-containing compound having the following structure: a compound of formula (I): wherein R<supgt;1< / supgt; and R<supgt;2< / supgt> are independently straight-chain or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbyl groups having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, each m is independently from 0 to 2, each p is independently from 0 to 2, for each cyclic moiety, m + p is from 2 to 4, and each n is independently from 1 to 6.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to lubricant additives and lubricant compositions containing the lubricant additives. More specifically, the present disclosure describes ashless additives that can increase the total base number in lubricants and / or improve friction in lubricants and / or improve wear performance in lubricants. Background Art

[0002] Lubricants are often formulated to a specific total base number (TBN) or TBN range. This ensures that the lubricant contains sufficient alkaline additives and / or detergents to neutralize acidic by-products that can damage engine components. Conventional alkali-containing additives (such as overbased phenates and sulfonates detergents) carry large amounts of metals, as measured by sulfated ash. As the industry and regulatory standards continue to push for ash limits, this is challenging.

[0003] Alkaline amine additives are alternatives to ash-containing overbased metal detergents. At least one disadvantage is that amine additives can degrade fluorocarbon elastomers commonly found in seals (e.g., Viton seals). Alkaline amine additives (such as succinimide dispersants) contain polyamine head groups that are believed to cause dehydrofluorination of fluorocarbon elastomer seals.

[0004] Certain additives can be multifunctional (e.g., friction modifiers, anti-wear) and provide more than one performance advantage.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need for commercially viable ashless additives that are compatible with fluorocarbon elastomer seals. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In one aspect, there is provided an ashless additive composition comprising: a tertiary amine-containing compound having the following structure:

[0007]

[0008] wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently straight-chain or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbyl groups having 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, each m is independently 0 to 4, each p is independently 0 to 4, for each cyclic moiety, m + p is 2 to 4, and n is independently 1 to 6.

[0009] In another aspect, there is provided a lubricant composition comprising: a major amount of a base oil; and an ashless tertiary amine-containing compound having the following structure:

[0010]

[0011] wherein R 1 and R2 Independently a straight-chain or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbyl group having 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, each m is independently 0 to 4, each p is independently 0 to 4, for each cyclic moiety, m + p is 2 to 4, and n is independently 1 to 6.

[0012] In yet another aspect, there is provided an ashless additive composition comprising a reaction diamide product comprising: a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride represented by the following structure:

[0013]

[0014] wherein R 1 is a straight-chain or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbyl group having 2 to about 20 carbon atoms; and a cyclic polyamine represented by the following structure:

[0015]

[0016] wherein R 2 is a straight-chain or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbyl group having 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, m is 0 to 4, p is 0 to 4, m + p is 2 to 4, and n is 1 to 6; and

[0017] wherein the ratio of the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride to the cyclic polyamine is from about 1.5:1 to about 1.6:1.

[0018] In still another aspect, there is provided a method for operating an internal combustion engine, the method comprising lubricating the engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising: a major amount of a basestock of lubricating viscosity; and an ashless tertiary amine-containing composition having the following structure:

[0019]

[0020] wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently a straight-chain or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbyl group having 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, each m is independently 0 to 4, each p is independently 0 to 4, for each cyclic moiety, m + p is 2 to 4, and each n is independently 1 to 6. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 A chart showing aspects of the invention as described in the examples.

[0022] Figure 2 A chart showing aspects of the invention as described in the examples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Definition

[0024] The term "total base number" or "TBN" means the amount of base, in milligrams of KOH equivalent, in 1 gram of a sample as measured by ASTM D-2896 test.

[0025] The term "hydrocarbyl" means a chemical group or moiety derived from a hydrocarbon (including saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons). Examples of hydrocarbyl groups include alkenyl, alkyl, polyalkenyl, polyalkyl, phenyl, and the like.

[0026] As used herein, the terms 'oil-soluble' or 'oil-dispersible' do not necessarily mean that a compound or additive is soluble, dissolvable, miscible, or capable of being suspended in oil in all proportions. However, these do mean, for example, that they are soluble in or stably dispersible in oil to an extent sufficient to perform their intended function in the environment in which the oil is used. Additionally, if desired, the incorporation of other additives may also permit the incorporation of higher levels of a particular additive.

[0027] It should be understood that when combinations, subsets, groups, etc. of elements are disclosed (e.g., combinations of components in a composition, or combinations of steps in a method), while specific mention of each individual and collective combination and permutation of these elements may not be explicitly disclosed, each is specifically contemplated and described herein.

[0028] The present invention relates to an ashless additive composition that can be used as a source of TBN and / or a friction modifier and / or an antiwear agent in lubricating oils. The additive composition can be used at a cost-effective treatment rate while maintaining compatibility with fluorocarbon elastomer seals. In some embodiments, the present invention can also be used as a friction modifier to reduce friction and wear in machine components. Other advantages will be apparent from the disclosure herein.

[0029] The ashless additive composition of the present invention comprises one or more products resulting from the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride and a cyclic polyamine. The result is a diamide structure characterized by at least two basic tertiary amines.

[0030] The ashless additive composition of the present invention can be synthesized by any known compatible method, such as, for example, those described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20180034635 and U.S. Patent No. 7,091,306, which are hereby incorporated by reference.

[0031] The reaction can be carried out under various conditions. Generally, the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride is reacted with a cyclic polyamine at a temperature of about 130 °C to 220 °C (e.g., 140 °C to 200 °C, 145 °C to 175 °C, etc.). More preferably, the temperature can be in the range of about 160 °C to 215 °C. Generally, the imidization step can be carried out at a lower temperature (e.g., 150 °C to 170 °C), while a higher temperature (e.g., 200 °C to 220 °C) may be required to complete the amidation step.

[0032] The reaction can be carried out under an inert atmosphere (such as nitrogen or argon). Generally, the suitable molar charge of the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride to the cyclic polyamine is about 1.4:1 to about 1.7:1, more preferably about 1.5:1 to about 1.6:1. In some embodiments, it may be desirable for the charge mole ratio (CMR) of the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride to the cyclic polyamine to be about 1.55:1 or slightly higher in order to react with any unreacted secondary amine. It is believed that secondary amines are more corrosive to seals. The charge mole ratio is important because too much hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride will produce a monoamide / acid structure rather than a diamide structure, while too little will produce a monosuccinimide product containing a secondary amine.

[0033] In some embodiments, the reaction can be carried out in multiple steps, where the total CMR of the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride to the cyclic polyamine or cyclic polyamine product is about 1.4:1 to about 1.7:1, more preferably about 1.5:1 to about 1.6:1. For example, the first step can involve reacting the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride with the cyclic polyamine at a charge molar ratio of 1:1 to form an imide structure. In the second step, the imide structure is reacted with the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride at a charge molar ratio of about 0.5 (succinic anhydride:imide product) to form a diamide structure. The total CMR of these two steps is 1.5:1. The hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride in the first step and the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride in the second step can be the same or different in terms of the hydrocarbyl group.

[0034] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride is given by Structure I:

[0035]

[0036] where R 1 is a straight-chain or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbyl group having 2 to about 20 carbon atoms (such as 10 to 20 carbon atoms, 12 to 20 carbon atoms, and 14 to 20 carbon atoms). In some embodiments, the average number of carbons is about 14 or higher. R 1 can be cyclic or acyclic. In some embodiments, R 1is saturated. In other embodiments, R 1 is unsaturated.

[0037] The exact structure of the hydrocarbyl group can depend on many factors. Solubility in oil is an important consideration. Generally, longer hydrocarbyl groups have greater solubility in oil.

[0038] Hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydrides are readily commercially available. For example, alkenyl succinic anhydrides are widely used in paper sizing. In contrast, the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydrides of the present invention can be synthesized by established methods. One conventional synthesis involves reacting maleic anhydride with an olefin at elevated temperature (about 200 °C).

[0039] According to one embodiment, the cyclic polyamine is represented by Structure II:

[0040]

[0041] wherein R 2 is a straight-chain or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbyl group having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, m is from 0 to 4, p is from 0 to 4, where m + p is from 2 to 4, and n is from 1 to 6. R 2 can be cyclic or acyclic. In some embodiments, R 2 is saturated. In other embodiments, R 2 is unsaturated. The cyclic polyamine serves as a source of basic tertiary amine.

[0042] Many of the polyamines suitable for use in the present invention are commercially available, and other polyamines can be prepared by methods well known in the art. For example, methods for preparing amines and their reactions are detailed in Sidgewick's “The Organic Chemistry of Nitrogen”, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1966; Noller's “Chemistry of Organic Compounds”, Saunders, Philadelphia, 2nd Edition, 1957; and Kirk-Othmer's “Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology”, 2nd Edition, particularly Volume 2, pages 99 - 116.

[0043] Suitable examples of cyclic polyamines include, for example, aminoethylpiperazine, aminopropylpiperazine, aminobutylpiperazine, aminoethyldiazepane, aminoethyldiazocane, suitable derivatives thereof, and the like.

[0044] One class of ashless additive compositions can be represented by Structure III:

[0045]

[0046] wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently straight-chain or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical groups having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, each m is independently from 0 to 4, each p is independently from 0 to 4, for each cyclic moiety, m + p is from 2 to 4, and each n is independently from 1 to 6.

[0047] Lubricating oil

[0048] When used as a lubricant additive, the ashless additive composition of the present invention is typically present in a lubricating oil composition at a concentration in the range of about 0.001 to about 20 weight percent, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition (including but not limited to 0.01 to 5 weight percent, 0.2 to 4 weight percent, 0.5 to 3 weight percent, 1 to 2 weight percent, etc.).

[0049] The oil used as the base oil will be selected or blended according to the desired end use and the additives in the finished oil to obtain a lubricating oil composition of a desired grade, such as a lubricating oil composition having a Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) viscosity grade of 0W, 0W-8, 0W-16, 0W-20, 0W-30, 0W-40, 0W-50, 0W-60, 5W, 5W-20, 5W-30, 5W-40, 5W-50, 5W-60, 10W, 10W-20, 10W-30, 10W-40, 10W-50, 15W, 15W-20, 15W-30 or 15W-40.

[0050] An oil of lubricating viscosity (sometimes referred to as "base stock" or "base oil") is the main liquid component of a lubricant, into which additives and possibly other oils are blended, for example, to produce a final lubricant (or lubricant composition). Base oils that can be used to prepare concentrates and that can be used to prepare lubricating oil compositions therefrom can be selected from natural (vegetable, animal or mineral) lubricating oils and synthetic lubricating oils and mixtures thereof.

[0051] The definitions of base stocks and base oils in this disclosure are the same as those in Appendix E of the American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1509, "API Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines for Passenger Car Motor Oils and Diesel Engine Oils", December 2016. Using the test methods specified in Table E-1, Group I base stocks contain less than 90% saturates and / or more than 0.03% sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120. Using the test methods specified in Table E-1, Group II base stocks contain greater than or equal to 90% saturates and less than or equal to 0.03% sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120. Using the test methods specified in Table E-1, Group III base stocks contain greater than or equal to 90% saturates and less than or equal to 0.03% sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 120. Group IV base stocks are polyalphaolefins (PAOs). Group V base stocks include all other base stocks not included in Groups I, II, III, or IV.

[0052] Natural oils include animal oils, vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil and lard), and mineral oils. Animal and vegetable oils with favorable thermal oxidative stability can be used. Among natural oils, mineral oils are preferred. Mineral oils vary widely in their crude oil sources, e.g., in whether they are paraffinic, naphthenic, or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic. Oils derived from coal or shale are also useful. Natural oils also vary in the methods used for their production and purification, e.g., in their distillation range and whether they are straight-run, cracked, hydrorefined, or solvent-extracted.

[0053] Synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils. Hydrocarbon oils include oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutene, polypropylene, propylene-isobutene copolymer, ethylene-olefin copolymer, and ethylene-alpha olefin copolymer). Polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil base stocks are commonly used synthetic hydrocarbon oils. For example, PAOs derived from C8 to C 14 olefins (e.g., C8, C 10 , C 12 , C 14 olefins or mixtures thereof) can be utilized.

[0054] Other useful fluids used as base oils include unconventional or non-conventional base stocks that have been processed (preferably catalytically) or synthesized to provide high-performance characteristics.

[0055] Unconventional or non-conventional base oils include one or more of the following: mixtures of one or more base oils derived from one or more gas-to-liquid (GTL) materials, and one or more isomerized / isodewaxed base oils derived from the following: natural wax or waxy feedstock, mineral oil and / or non-mineral oil waxy raw materials such as slack wax, natural wax and waxy raw materials such as gas oil, waxy fuel hydrocracker bottoms residue, waxy residual liquid, hydrocracked products, thermal cracked products, or other minerals, mineral oils, or even non-petroleum-derived waxy materials (such as waxy materials obtained from coal liquefaction or shale oil), and mixtures of such base oils. Other base oils include coal-to-liquid (CTL) products and alkylnaphthalenes.

[0056] The base oils for the lubricating oil compositions of the present disclosure are any of the types of oils corresponding to API Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, and Group V oils and mixtures thereof (preferably API Group II, Group III, Group IV, and Group V oils and mixtures thereof, more preferably Group III to Group V base oils) because they have excellent volatility, stability, viscosity, and cleanliness characteristics.

[0057] Typically, the base oil will have a kinematic viscosity at 100 °C (ASTM D445) in the range of 1.5 to 35 mm 2 / s (e.g., 1.5 to 25 mm 2 / s, 2.0 to 20 mm 2 / s or 2.0 to 15 mm 2 / s).

[0058] The lubricating oil compositions of the present invention may also contain conventional lubricant additives for imparting auxiliary functions to obtain a finished lubricating oil composition in which these additives are dispersed or dissolved. For example, the lubricating oil composition can be blended with antioxidants, ashless dispersants, antiwear agents, detergents (such as metal detergents), rust inhibitors, defogging agents, demulsifiers, friction modifiers, metal deactivators, pour point depressants, viscosity improvers, antifoaming agents, co-solvents, package compatibilizers, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, extreme pressure agents, etc. and mixtures thereof. A variety of additives are known and commercially available. These additives or their similar compounds can be used to prepare the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention by common blending procedures.

[0059] Each of the foregoing additives is used in a functionally effective amount for imparting the desired properties to the lubricant. Thus, for example, if the additive is an ashless dispersant, the functionally effective amount of such ashless dispersant will be an amount sufficient to impart the desired dispersancy properties to the lubricant. Generally, unless otherwise specified, the concentration of each of these additives in use can range from about 0.001 wt% to about 20 wt% (such as from about 0.01 wt% to about 10 wt%).

[0060] The following non-limiting examples illustrate the present invention. A brief description of how the examples were prepared is provided.

[0061] Examples

[0062] Example 1

[0063] Charge 550.28 g of the thermally maleated product of 9-methylenenonadecane (saponification value = 257 mg KOH / g) into a 1 L stirred reactor. Heat the reactor to 150 °C under a nitrogen purge. Charge the maleated product of 9-methylenenonadecane into 101.63 g of 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine (molecular weight = 129.20 g / mol) over a 45-minute period. Raise the temperature of the mixture to 160 °C and maintain for 2 hours. Draw the reactants under a vacuum of up to 20 mm Hg for 30 minutes. The product has the following properties: TBN = 80.3 mg KOH / g, nitrogen = 5.21 wt%.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] Charge 1337.1 g of hexadecenyl succinic anhydride (saponification value = 352 mg KOH / g) and 338.67 g of 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine (molecular weight = 129.20 g / mole) into a 4 L stirred reactor. Heat the reactor to 195 °C under a nitrogen purge and maintain for 1 hour. Then cool the mixture to ambient temperature.

[0066] The next day, reheat the reaction mixture to 200 °C while applying a vacuum of up to 35 mm Hg. Hold the reaction mixture at this temperature for an additional 2.5 hours. The product has the following properties: TBN = 90.14 mg KOH / g, nitrogen = 6.56 wt%.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] 775.84 g of dodecenyl succinic anhydride (saponification value = 414 mg KOH / g) was charged into a 4 L stirred reactor. The reactor was heated to 150 °C under a nitrogen purge. 385.94 g of 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine (molecular weight = 129.20 g / mole) was charged into the dodecenyl succinic anhydride over a 30-minute period. The temperature of the mixture was raised to 160 °C and maintained for 90 minutes. The reaction product was aspirated under a vacuum of up to 20 mm Hg for 30 minutes and then cooled to ambient temperature.

[0069] The next day, 635.01 g of octadecenyl succinic anhydride (saponification value = 317 mg KOH / g) was charged into the reaction mixture at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was heated to 215 °C under a nitrogen purge and maintained for an additional 4.5 hours. The product had the following properties: TBN = 109 mg KOH / g, nitrogen = 7.08 wt%.

[0070] Example 4

[0071] This example is a composite of Examples 11, 15, and 16. The product had the following properties: TBN = 84.3 mg KOH / g, nitrogen = 6.28 wt%.

[0072] Comparative Example A (baseline)

[0073] A baseline lubricating oil formulation was formed containing an ashless dispersant, an alkaline earth metal carboxylate, a sulfonate and a phenate detergent, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, a non-dispersant viscosity index improver, an antioxidant, a foam inhibitor, and a pour point depressant.

[0074] Friction performance

[0075] The compatibility of the lubricating oil compositions of Examples 1-4 with fluorocarbon elastomer seals was tested in a Volkswagen (VW) bench test (PV 3344) by suspending fluorocarbon specimens in an oil-based solution. The solution was then heated to 150 °C and held for 168 hours. The percentage change in volume, the change in shore hardness (PH), the percentage change in tensile strength (TS), and the percentage change in elongation (EL) were measured for each sample.

[0076] The test results of the compatibility test (DC AK6 seal friction performance results) are summarized in Table 1 below.

[0077] Table 1

[0078]

[0079] The results show that the lubricating oil composition containing the additive based on aminoethylpiperazine does not cause significant degradation of the sealing performance at 1, 2 or 3 TBN.

[0080] Comparative Example B

[0081] The sample is an automotive engine oil containing a conventional amine additive.

[0082] Example 5

[0083] This sample is the same as Comparative Example B, except that the conventional amine additive is replaced with the ashless additive (C 18 reaction product of succinic anhydride and aminoethylpiperazine) of the present invention.

[0084] The seal compatibility results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0085] Table 2

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] High Temperature Corrosion Bench Test (HTCBT)

[0089] ASTM D6594 HTCBT is used to evaluate engine lubricants to determine their tendency to corrode various metals (especially alloys of lead and copper commonly used in cam followers and bearings). Four metal specimens of copper, lead, tin and phosphor bronze are immersed in the engine oil. The oil is blown with air (5 l / h) at a high temperature (170 °C) for a period of time (168 hours).

[0090] The corrosion and corrosion products of the copper specimen and the stressed oil are examined separately. The concentrations of copper, lead and tin in the new oil and the stressed oil and the corresponding changes in the metal concentrations are reported. To achieve "qualified", the concentration of lead should not exceed 120 ppm, and the concentration of copper should not exceed 20 ppm.

[0091] A copy of this test method can be obtained from ASTM International at 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box 0700, West Conshohocken, Pa. 19428 - 2959.

[0092] The results of HTCBT are summarized in Table 3 below.

[0093] Table 3

[0094]

[0095]

[0096] The wear performance of the lubricating oil samples was also tested using a High Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) test.

[0097] Comparative Example C

[0098] Comparative Example C contained a baseline lubricating oil.

[0099] Example 6

[0100] Example 6 contained the baseline lubricating oil of Comparative Example C and the ashless additive of the present invention (C 18 reaction product of succinic anhydride and aminoethylpiperazine).

[0101] Example 7

[0102] Example 7 contained the lubricating oil of Comparative Example C and a conventional amine-containing additive.

[0103] Samples containing the ashless additive composition of the present invention (Comparative Example D, Examples 8 and 9) were tested in an automatic transmission fluid. Static torque was measured using the JASO SAE#2 friction test. Figure 2 The SAE#2 results are shown.

[0104] Comparative Example D

[0105] The sample contained a baseline automatic transmission fluid and the reaction product of C 20 succinic anhydride and diethylenetriamine (DETA) at a feed molar ratio of 2:1. The treatment rate was 1.0 wt%.

[0106] Example 8

[0107] The sample contained the baseline automatic transmission fluid used in Comparative Example D and the reaction product of C 18 succinic anhydride and aminoethylpiperazine at a feed molar ratio of 1.6:1. The treatment rate was 1.0 wt%.

[0108] Example 9

[0109] The sample contained the baseline automatic transmission fluid used in Comparative Example D and the reaction product of C 20 succinic anhydride and aminoethylpiperazine at a feed molar ratio of 1.6:1. The treatment rate was 1.19 wt%.

[0110] All documents mentioned in this text are incorporated herein by reference, including any priority documents and / or test procedures, provided that they are not inconsistent with this text. As is apparent from the foregoing general description and specific embodiments, while the forms of the present disclosure have been illustrated and described, various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it is not intended that the present disclosure be limited thereby.

[0111] For the sake of brevity, only certain ranges are explicitly disclosed herein. However, ranges starting from any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to enumerate ranges not explicitly enumerated, and ranges starting from any lower limit can be combined with any other lower limit to enumerate ranges not explicitly enumerated, and in the same way, ranges starting from any upper limit can be combined with any other upper limit to enumerate ranges not explicitly enumerated. Additionally, every point or single value between the endpoints of a range is included within the range, even if not explicitly enumerated. Thus, each point or single value can serve as its own lower or upper limit to be combined with any other point or single value or any other lower or upper limit to enumerate ranges not explicitly enumerated.

[0112] Likewise, the term "comprising" is considered synonymous with the term "including". Likewise, whenever a composition, element, or group of elements is preceded by the transitional phrase "comprising", it should be understood that we also contemplate the said composition or group of elements preceded by the transitional phrases "consisting essentially of", "consisting of", "selected from the group consisting of", or "is", and vice versa.

[0113] As used herein, the terms "a" and "the" are to be understood to cover both the plural and the singular.

[0114] Various terms have been defined above. If a term used in a claim is not defined above, it shall be given the broadest definition that a person of ordinary skill in the relevant art has given to that term as reflected in at least one printed publication or issued patent. Additionally, all patents, test procedures, and other documents cited in this application are incorporated by reference in their entirety, provided that such disclosure is not inconsistent with this application and is applicable in all jurisdictions permitting such incorporation.

[0115] The foregoing description of the present disclosure illustrates and describes the present disclosure. Additionally, the present disclosure has only shown and described preferred embodiments, but as mentioned above, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments, and can be changed or modified within the scope of the concepts as expressed herein that are commensurate with the above teachings and / or the technology or knowledge in the relevant field. While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present disclosure, other and further embodiments of the present disclosure can be designed without departing from the basic scope of the present disclosure, and the scope of the present disclosure is determined by the appended claims.

[0116] It should be understood that when combinations, subsets, groups, etc. of elements are disclosed (e.g., combinations of components in a composition, or combinations of steps in a method), although specific mention of each of the various individual and collective combinations and permutations of these elements may not be explicitly disclosed, each is specifically contemplated and described herein.

[0117] The embodiments described above are further intended to explain the best known mode of practicing it and to enable other practitioners in the art to utilize the present disclosure in such or other embodiments and with the various modifications required to utilize a particular application or use. Accordingly, this description is not intended to limit the invention to the forms disclosed herein. Additionally, the appended claims are intended to be construed to include alternative embodiments.

Claims

1. An ashless additive composition, the ashless additive composition comprising: A tertiary amine-containing compound having the following structure: wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently straight-chain or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, each m is independently 0 to 4, each p is independently 0 to 4, for each cyclic moiety, m + p is 2 to 4, and each n is independently 1 to 6.

2. The ashless additive composition according to claim 1, wherein the straight-chain or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbon group is a branched C 12 to C 20 alkenyl group.

3. The ashless additive composition according to claim 1, wherein the straight-chain or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical group is a branched C 18 to C 20 alkenyl group.

4. A lubricating oil composition, the lubricating oil composition comprising: A major amount of a base oil; and An ashless tertiary amine-containing compound having the following structure: wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently a straight-chain or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbyl group having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, each m is from 0 to 4, each p is from 0 to 4, for each cyclic moiety, m + p is from 2 to 4, and each n is independently from 1 to 6.

5. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 4, wherein the straight-chain or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical group is a branched C 12 to C 20 alkenyl group.

6. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 4, wherein the straight-chain or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbon group is a branched C 18 to C 20 alkenyl group.

7. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 4, wherein the tertiary amine-containing compound is present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount of 0.1% to 2% by weight.

8. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 4, wherein the lubricating oil composition is a hydraulic fluid, a slideway lubricant, an automatic transmission fluid, a continuously variable transmission fluid, a battery electric vehicle transmission fluid, a hybrid electric vehicle transmission fluid, or a gear oil.

9. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 4, the lubricating oil composition further comprising: A friction modifier, an ashless antiwear additive, an antioxidant, a metal deactivator, a seal swell additive, a foam inhibitor, or a viscosity modifier.

10. An ashless additive composition, the ashless additive composition comprising a reaction diamide product comprising: A hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride represented by the following structure: wherein R 1 is a straight-chain or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms; and A cyclic polyamine represented by the following structure: wherein R 2 is a straight-chain or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbyl group having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, m is from 0 to 4, p is from 0 to 4, m + p is from 2 to 4, and n is from 1 to 6; and Wherein the ratio of the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride to the cyclic polyamine is from 1.5:1 to 1.6:

1.

11. The ashless additive composition according to claim 10, wherein the cyclic polyamine is aminoethylpiperazine, aminopropylpiperazine, aminobutylpiperazine, aminoethyldiazepane, or aminoethyldiazocane.

12. A method for improving friction in an engine, the method comprising lubricating the engine with a lubricating oil composition, the lubricating oil composition comprising: A major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity; and An ashless additive composition having the following structure: wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently straight-chain or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbyl groups having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, each m is independently from 0 to 4, each p is independently from 0 to 4, for each cyclic moiety m + p is from 2 to 4, and each n is independently from 1 to 6.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the straight-chain or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical group is a branched C 12 to C 20 alkenyl group.

14. The method according to claim 12, wherein the linear or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical group is a branched C 18 to C 20 alkenyl group.

15. A method for promoting the total base number in a lubricating oil, the method comprising blending a base oil and an ashless additive composition having the following structure: wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently a straight-chain or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, each m is independently 0 to 4, each p is independently 0 to 4, for each cyclic moiety, m + p is 2 to 4, and each n is independently 1 to 6.

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