A flexible service allocation method for digital transparent forwarding load

Abstract

The present invention provides a flexible service allocation method for digital transparent forwarding payloads, comprising: step one, establishing a satellite-to-ground communication system; step two, optimizing the satellite's beacon antenna design; step three, receiving a dedicated signaling signal; step four, amplifying the dedicated signaling signal; step five, determining the downlink transmission power; and step six, determining the active single-machine gain in the satellite transponder. The method of the present invention proposes a solution from the perspective of satellite-to-ground applications, and by improving and upgrading the onboard forwarding subsystem, enables the satellite to support dynamic resource allocation, thereby improving satellite resource utilization. The method of the present invention uses the transponder subsystem beacon channel as the signaling channel for service access for the first time, and realizes flexible resource allocation under the condition of increasing fewer onboard resources. The method of the present invention adopts transparent forwarding, and any user subnet central station and user terminal can communicate in a self-organized network within the system, meeting the user's various usage needs and greatly improving the efficiency of satellite-to-ground communications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of multi-beam satellite systems, relates to flexible payload satellite services, and in particular to a flexible service allocation method oriented to digital transparent forwarding payloads. Background Art

[0002] As the most commercialized aerospace application sector, satellite communications' market sensitivity necessitates the primary service objectives of continuously reducing bandwidth costs and maximizing user satisfaction. Furthermore, satellite communication systems have evolved from traditional single-frequency, single-service, single-satellite, single-beam systems to multi-frequency, multi-service, multi-satellite, multi-beam systems. At the same time, the growing service demands of satellite users are leading to a growing demand for satellite communication capacity. The capacity allocation of communication satellites directly impacts satellite capacity utilization, and thus, operator revenue.

[0003] The rapid development of high-throughput satellites, coupled with the continuous increase in capacity and bandwidth, has spurred the need for rational and effective management of onboard resources. Spectrum bandwidth resources are one of the most important onboard resources for communications satellites, directly impacting satellite capacity. Currently, frequency resource allocation and scheduling face the following challenges:

[0004] The first is that the onboard payload allocates bandwidth resources to each beam, allowing users to use only the resources in their assigned beam. This pre-allocation approach results in excess resources for beams with low demand, while resources for beams with high demand may not meet demand, resulting in a significant waste of system resources.

[0005] The second is to gradually realize on-demand allocation on the basis of fixed allocation, but the design of traditional satellite payload transponders is relatively simple, and they only have the functions of amplification and forwarding on board, which cannot effectively support the development and application of satellite resource dynamic allocation technology.

[0006] The third approach is to leverage the maturation of onboard processing technology to enable payloads capable of onboard processing to support proportional allocation of onboard resources, i.e., on-demand allocation. However, this allocation approach requires Earth-based users to send service request instructions to the satellite platform. A service request link must be established for each user within each beam, and the satellite must provide the corresponding link resources. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a flexible service allocation method for digital transparent forwarding payload, so as to solve the technical problem in the existing technology that the resource utilization rate of the multi-beam satellite system needs to be further improved.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] A flexible service allocation method for digital transparent forwarding load, the method comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Establish satellite-to-ground communication system:

[0011] The satellite-to-ground communication system is divided into a space segment, a user segment, and a ground segment; the space segment includes satellites; the user segment includes user terminals; and the ground segment includes a user subnet central station and a DTP control station.

[0012] A dedicated signaling link is established between the user terminal, the satellite and the user subnet central station, and the dedicated signaling link is divided into an uplink application channel and a downlink broadcast channel;

[0013] Establishing service links between the user terminals via satellites;

[0014] A DTP-controlled satellite-to-ground link is established between the DTP control station and the satellite;

[0015] A DTP controlled bottom link is established between the DTP control station and the user subnet central station;

[0016] The satellite includes a satellite transponder, which includes a beacon antenna, an input preselector, a low noise amplifier, an input multiplexer passive device, a frequency converter, a traveling wave tube amplifier and an output filter;

[0017] Step 2: Optimize the satellite beacon antenna design:

[0018] The beacon antenna is optimized to be a transceiver-shared design. As a receiving and transmitting device for user signaling, it can receive uplink signaling information from user terminals and user subnet central stations, and transmit downlink signaling information and satellite beacon signals simultaneously.

[0019] Step 3: receiving a dedicated signaling signal;

[0020] Step 4: amplify the dedicated signaling signal;

[0021] Step 5: Determine the downlink transmit power:

[0022] Step 501: Determine the bandwidth of the signaling channel:

[0023] Step 502, determining the performance of the user terminal and the user subnet central station;

[0024] Step 503: Calculate the uplink signaling link (C / N) from the user subnet central station to the satellite. U ;

[0025] Step 504: Calculate the satellite-to-user terminal downlink signaling link (C / N) required. D;

[0026] Step 505, calculating the required satellite launch performance;

[0027] Step 506: Calculate the required satellite transmission power ;

[0028] Step 6: Determine the active single-unit gain in the satellite transponder.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0030] (I) The method of the present invention proposes a solution from the perspective of satellite-to-ground application. By improving and upgrading the onboard forwarding subsystem, the satellite supports dynamic resource allocation, thereby improving satellite resource utilization.

[0031] (II) The method of the present invention adopts the transponder subsystem beacon channel as the signaling channel for service access for the first time, thereby realizing flexible resource allocation under the condition of increasing fewer on-board resources.

[0032] (III) The method of the present invention establishes a signaling channel that can be used by all users within the sub-satellite visible coverage area, greatly saving spectrum resources and improving the overall resource utilization of the satellite.

[0033] (IV) The method of the present invention adopts transparent forwarding, and any user subnet central station and user terminal can communicate in a self-organized network within the system, meeting the various usage needs of users and greatly improving the efficiency of satellite-to-ground communication. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the satellite-to-ground communication system of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a communication flow diagram of the satellite-to-ground communication system.

[0036] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a satellite transponder of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the frequency plan of the present invention.

[0038] The specific contents of the present invention are further explained in detail below with reference to the embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all devices in the present invention are devices known in the prior art.

[0040] DTP stands for Digital Transparent Transponder.

[0041] End station represents a user terminal.

[0042] NCC stands for network management server.

[0043] GWFC stands for DTP control station.

[0044] The overall technical concept of the present invention is:

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the satellite-to-ground communication system consists of space-segment satellites, various user terminals in the user segment, and a ground-segment user central station and ground control station. The communication satellite consists of user antennas, gateway antennas, a transponder subsystem, and common equipment. The user end of this satellite communication system utilizes a multi-beam system design, equipped with digital transparent forwarding processing equipment onboard. User-to-user communication can be accomplished via either a "two-hop" or "one-hop" link. A "two-hop" link refers to a forward link and a return link. The forward link refers to information forwarded from the gateway to the user end via the satellite, while the return link refers to information forwarded from the user end to the gateway via the satellite. A "one-hop" link refers to information forwarded from the user end via the satellite.

[0046] In a multi-beam communication system based on the Digital Transparent Forwarding Payload (DTP), each user beam is allocated bandwidth ranging from tens to hundreds of MHz, depending on actual needs. The DTP allows both user beam signals and gateway signals to be routed to the DTP. The DTP divides the bandwidth of a user beam into subchannels. Therefore, within each user beam, the frequency resources allocated for user communications are allocated based on the subchannel bandwidth, effectively allocating one subchannel or an integer multiple of that bandwidth. The DTP offers the greatest flexibility by enabling satellite-to-satellite exchange relationships, enabling one-hop communication between users. With flexible onboard resource allocation, satellite resources can be allocated on demand. This requires users to request communication resources from the satellite based on their needs. However, due to satellite resource constraints, autonomous allocation based on user needs is difficult. Instead, the satellite establishes a signaling channel for each user, forwarding user requests to the DTP control station. The DTP control station then aggregates all current user requests and makes unified allocations. Therefore, the satellite must establish a signaling channel for each user. Given the characteristics of multi-beam coverage and the TDM / MF-TDMA+SCPC communication architecture currently supported by mainstream ground equipment manufacturers, satellites must establish a bidirectional signaling channel within each beam. For satellites with hundreds of user beams, frequency resources are undoubtedly at a premium. Establishing hundreds of signaling channels actually reduces overall satellite resource utilization. For user beams with limited allocated bandwidth, the bidirectional signaling channel allocated for the digital transparent forwarding payload must occupy two dedicated sub-channels to prevent the receiving end from being unable to receive the full signal after the onboard digital transparent forwarding payload exchange. This further reduces available frequency resources for user beams with limited allocated bandwidth.

[0047] The core concept of this invention is to maintain the basic design of the satellite payload. By using the satellite payload's beacon antenna to establish a global coverage area and establish dedicated uplink request channels and downlink broadcast channels, user terminals can receive broadcast messages on the dedicated downlink broadcast channels to parse control messages sent by the network management server (NCC) at the user subnet central station, enabling synchronization, login, and service establishment. This architecture supports both fixed-allocation and on-demand transponder bandwidth services, meaning both static and dynamic allocation.

[0048] In accordance with the above technical solution, specific embodiments of the present invention are given below. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and all equivalent changes made on the basis of the technical solution of this application fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0049] Example:

[0050] This embodiment provides a flexible service allocation method for digital transparent forwarding load, which includes the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: Establish satellite-to-ground communication system:

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, the satellite-to-ground communication system is divided into a space segment, a user segment, and a ground segment; the space segment includes satellites; the user segment includes user terminals; and the ground segment includes a user subnet central station and a DTP control station.

[0053] A dedicated signaling link is established between the user terminal, satellite and user subnet central station. The dedicated signaling link is divided into an uplink application channel and a downlink broadcast channel.

[0054] Service links are established between user terminals via satellites.

[0055] A DTP-controlled satellite-to-ground link is established between the DTP control station and the satellite.

[0056] A DTP controlled bottom link is established between the DTP control station and the user subnet central station.

[0057] In this embodiment, the satellite-to-ground communication system takes the Ku-band multi-beam communication system as an example. The communication process of the satellite-to-ground communication system is as follows: Figure 2As shown, the network management server at the user subnet central station and the satellite first establish a satellite Digital Transparent Transponder (DTP) in use via a satellite-to-ground link. For fixed allocation requirements, user terminals can establish direct service communications based on this link. For on-demand allocation, the user terminal issues a service establishment request, which is sent to the satellite via a dedicated satellite-to-ground signaling link. The satellite then forwards the request to the network management server at the user subnet central station. The network management server processes the request and forwards the response back to the user terminal via a dedicated satellite signaling link. Once the resource allocation request and response are complete via this dedicated satellite-to-ground signaling link, a one-hop link is established for the user, allowing the user terminal to establish service communications.

[0058] like Figure 3 As shown, the satellite includes a satellite transponder, which includes a beacon antenna, an input preselector, a low-noise amplifier, an input multiplexer passive device, a frequency converter, a traveling wave tube amplifier and an output filter.

[0059] (1) Beacon antenna: Beacon antenna is a common device in satellite configuration. Traditional beacon antennas only have a transmitting function. In this system design, the beacon antenna is designed to have both receiving and transmitting functions, enabling signaling reception and transmission within the visible range of the satellite.

[0060] (2) Input filter: The function of the input filter is to suppress interference outside the receiving frequency so that the receiving equipment can work effectively and stably.

[0061] (3) Low noise amplifier: The low noise amplifier is an important component of the satellite transponder and is located between the input filter and the frequency converter. Its main function is to perform low-noise amplification on the uplink application signal of the dedicated signaling channel. Since the frequency of the signaling signal is in the same frequency band as the user service frequency, the low noise amplifier for amplifying the uplink application signal can form a loop backup with the low noise amplifier for the service signal to improve reliability.

[0062] (4) Input multiplexer passive equipment: Similar to the process of processing business information, the signaling signal amplified by the low noise amplifier is combined with the business information through the input multiplexer and enters the frequency converter. Figure 4 The specific frequency plan and satellite transponder design shown also need to enter a hybrid bridge or the next level input multiplexer to split and combine the signals.

[0063] (5) Frequency Converter: The frequency converter converts the signaling signal from the uplink input frequency to the downlink transmission frequency and amplifies the signaling signal. The function and setting of this frequency converter are consistent with the business signal processing. Therefore, the frequency converter for uplink application signal frequency conversion and amplification can form a ring backup with the frequency converter for business signals to improve reliability.

[0064] (6) Traveling wave tube amplifier: The traveling wave tube amplifier will amplify the output filter of the business signal at the same time.

[0065] (7) Output filter: The output filter filters the output signal and outputs it to the beacon antenna transmitter.

[0066] The satellite-ground design with flexible service allocation for digital transparent forwarding payloads provides a fast channel for establishing user communications, improves bandwidth utilization, is backward compatible with ground equipment for traditional large-beam applications, and is forward compatible with on-demand allocation and build-as-you-go, thus improving communication efficiency and flexibility.

[0067] In this example, a multi-beam system with 100 beams is used as an example. Each beam is allocated a 2.5MHz signaling channel, requiring a total of 250MHz of bandwidth. However, establishing a dedicated link onboard the satellite reduces bandwidth usage by only 10MHz (taking into account factors such as traffic congestion), reducing bandwidth utilization by 96%. Furthermore, establishing a dedicated satellite-to-ground signaling link with global beam coverage is similar to using traditional large beams and is compatible with user subnet central stations and user terminals.

[0068] Step 2: Optimize the satellite beacon antenna design:

[0069] The beacon antenna is one of the satellite components. The conventional design only has a downlink transmission function, which transmits the single carrier generated by the beacon in the satellite transponder subsystem to the ground for ground equipment to align with the satellite and automatically track it.

[0070] In the present invention, the beacon antenna is optimized as a shared transmission and reception design, serving as a receiving and transmitting device for user signaling. It can receive uplink signaling information from user terminals and user subnet central stations, and simultaneously transmit downlink signaling information and satellite beacon signals.

[0071] Step 3: Dedicated signaling signal reception:

[0072] The signaling signal processing process is basically the same as the normal communication signal processing process.

[0073] The signal received by the beacon antenna after optimization in step 2 is first filtered, then amplified by a low-noise amplifier, and the signaling signal is frequency-converted, converting the signaling signal from the uplink receiving frequency to the downlink transmitting frequency; the entire receiving process realizes the reception, amplification and frequency conversion of the dedicated signaling signal.

[0074] Step 4: Amplify the dedicated signaling signal:

[0075] After the signaling signal completes the frequency conversion in step three, it is combined with the business signal, sent to the traveling wave tube amplifier for signal amplification, and finally sent to the beacon antenna for transmission.

[0076] Step 5: Determine the downlink transmit power:

[0077] Traditional designs use user multi-beam antennas to transmit and receive signaling signals. These antennas offer high gain, while the signaling signal rate is low, resulting in a significant communication link margin. This approach requires a specialized design to accommodate this change, as the beacon antenna's large coverage area and low gain are essential.

[0078] Step 501: Determine the bandwidth of the signaling channel.

[0079] Determine the signaling signal rate that needs to be supported, and determine the bandwidth of the signaling channel based on the signaling signal rate that needs to be supported and the satellite frequency resources .

[0080] Step 502: Determine the performance of the user terminal and the user subnet central station.

[0081] The performance calculation formula of user terminals and user subnet central stations is:

[0082]

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] Where:

[0086] Indicates the antenna gain of the user terminal and the user subnet central station;

[0087] Indicates the aperture efficiency of the user terminal and user subnet central station antenna;

[0088] Indicates the diameter of the antenna of the user terminal and the user subnet central station;

[0089] Indicates the wavelength corresponding to the antenna frequency of the user terminal and the user subnet central station;

[0090] Indicates decibels;

[0091] Indicates the equivalent isotropic radiated power of the user terminal and the user subnet central station;

[0092] Indicates the transmission power of user terminals and user subnet central stations;

[0093] Indicates the decibel value of the antenna gain of the user terminal and the user subnet central station;

[0094] Indicates the receiving noise temperature of the antennas of the user terminal and the user subnet central station;

[0095] Indicates the reception quality factor of the user terminal and the user subnet central station.

[0096] In this embodiment, the user subnet central station has strong receiving and transmitting capabilities, and this design focuses on the communication performance of the user terminal. For example, a standard Ku-band terminal with a 1.2-meter aperture and a 6W power amplifier.

[0097] Step 503: Calculate the uplink signaling link (C / N) from the user subnet central station to the satellite. U .

[0098] The dedicated signaling link is also a bidirectional link, consisting of a request link from the ground user terminal to the satellite and then to the user subnet central station, and a response link from the user subnet central station to the satellite and then to the ground user terminal. The following focuses on the response link from the user subnet central station to the satellite and then to the ground user terminal, as this link determines the satellite's downlink transmit power.

[0099] Uplink signaling link from user subnet central station to satellite (C / N) U The calculation formula is:

[0100]

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] Where:

[0104] Indicates upward movement;

[0105] Indicates the power of the uplink signaling link satellite receiving signaling signal;

[0106] Indicates the satellite receiving noise temperature of the uplink signaling link;

[0107] Indicates the signal-to-noise ratio of the uplink signaling link;

[0108] Indicates the effective isotropic radiated power of the user subnet central station;

[0109] Indicates the uplink signaling link loss; this mainly refers to free space loss. Atmospheric loss, ionospheric loss, and rain attenuation can all be combined into this item for calculation;

[0110] Indicates the wavelength of the operating frequency band;

[0111] Indicates the satellite receiving antenna gain;

[0112] Indicates the noise temperature of the satellite receiving end;

[0113] represents the Boltzmann constant;

[0114] Indicates the bandwidth of the signaling channel.

[0115] Step 504: Calculate the satellite-to-user terminal downlink signaling link (C / N) required. D .

[0116] Determine the (C / N) required for the entire signaling link based on the demodulation performance of the user terminal H , and then calculate the downlink signaling link from the satellite to the user terminal (C / N) according to the following formula: D .

[0117]

[0118] Where:

[0119] Indicates upward movement;

[0120] Indicates downward;

[0121] Indicates the entire uplink and downlink signaling link.

[0122] Step 505: Calculate the required satellite launch performance:

[0123]

[0124]

[0125]

[0126] Where:

[0127] Indicates the receiving noise temperature of the ground end of the downlink signaling link;

[0128] Indicates the power of the ground-received signaling signal on the downlink signaling link;

[0129] It represents the effective isotropic radiated power of the satellite;

[0130] Refers to the noise temperature of the satellite receiving end;

[0131] Refers to the ground user terminal receiving antenna gain.

[0132] Step 505: Calculate the required satellite transmission power :

[0133]

[0134] Step 6: Determine the active single-unit gain in the satellite transponder:

[0135] By calculating the uplink and downlink signaling links, the satellite receiving level and transmission power can be obtained, and the gain that the satellite transponder needs to achieve is determined. These gains are then distributed to each active unit in the satellite transponder subsystem, completing the design of the satellite transponder dedicated signaling channel.

Claims

1. A flexible service allocation method for digital transparent forwarding load, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Establish satellite-to-ground communication system: The satellite-to-ground communication system is divided into a space segment, a user segment, and a ground segment; the space segment includes satellites; the user segment includes user terminals; and the ground segment includes a user subnet central station and a DTP control station. A dedicated signaling link is established between the user terminal, the satellite and the user subnet central station, and the dedicated signaling link is divided into an uplink application channel and a downlink broadcast channel; Establishing service links between the user terminals via satellites; A DTP-controlled satellite-to-ground link is established between the DTP control station and the satellite; A DTP controlled bottom link is established between the DTP control station and the user subnet central station; The satellite includes a satellite transponder, which includes a beacon antenna, an input preselector, a low noise amplifier, an input multiplexer passive device, a frequency converter, a traveling wave tube amplifier and an output filter; Step 2: Optimize the satellite beacon antenna design: The beacon antenna is optimized to be a transceiver-shared design. As a receiving and transmitting device for user signaling, it can receive uplink signaling information from user terminals and user subnet central stations, and transmit downlink signaling information and satellite beacon signals simultaneously. Step 3: receiving a dedicated signaling signal; Step 4: amplify the dedicated signaling signal; Step 5: Determine the downlink transmit power: Step 501: Determine the bandwidth of the signaling channel: Step 502, determining the performance of the user terminal and the user subnet central station; Step 503: Calculate the uplink signaling link (C / N) from the user subnet central station to the satellite. U ; Step 504: Calculate the satellite-to-user terminal downlink signaling link (C / N) required. D ; Step 505, calculating the required satellite launch performance; Step 506: Calculate the required satellite transmission power ; Step 6: Determine the active single-unit gain in the satellite transponder.

2. The flexible service allocation method for digital transparent forwarding load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process in step three is: the signal received by the beacon antenna after optimization in step two is first filtered, then amplified by a low-noise amplifier, and the signaling signal is frequency-converted, converting the signaling signal from the uplink receiving frequency to the downlink transmitting frequency; the entire receiving process realizes the reception, amplification and frequency conversion of the dedicated signaling signal.

3. The flexible service allocation method for digital transparent forwarding load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of step four is: after the signaling signal completes the frequency conversion in step three, it is combined with the service signal, then sent to the traveling wave tube amplifier for signal amplification, and finally sent to the beacon antenna for transmission.

4. The flexible service allocation method for digital transparent forwarding load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process in step five is: Step 501: Determine the bandwidth of the signaling channel: Determine the signaling signal rate that needs to be supported, and determine the bandwidth of the signaling channel based on the signaling signal rate that needs to be supported and the satellite frequency resources ; Step 502: Determine the performance of the user terminal and the user subnet central station: The performance calculation formula of the user terminal and the user subnet central station is: Where: Indicates the antenna gain of the user terminal and the user subnet central station; Indicates the aperture efficiency of the user terminal and user subnet central station antenna; Indicates the diameter of the antenna of the user terminal and the user subnet central station; Indicates the wavelength corresponding to the antenna frequency of the user terminal and the user subnet central station; Indicates decibels; Indicates the equivalent isotropic radiated power of the user terminal and the user subnet central station; Indicates the transmission power of user terminals and user subnet central stations; Indicates the decibel value of the antenna gain of the user terminal and the user subnet central station; Indicates the receiving noise temperature of the antennas of the user terminal and the user subnet central station; Indicates the reception quality factor of the user terminal and the user subnet central station; Step 503: Calculate the uplink signaling link (C / N) from the user subnet central station to the satellite. U ; Uplink signaling link from user subnet central station to satellite (C / N) U The calculation formula is: Where: Indicates upward movement; Indicates the power of the uplink signaling link satellite receiving signaling signal; Indicates the satellite receiving noise temperature of the uplink signaling link; Indicates the signal-to-noise ratio of the uplink signaling link; Indicates the effective isotropic radiated power of the user subnet central station; Indicates uplink signaling link loss; Indicates the wavelength of the operating frequency band; Indicates the satellite receiving antenna gain; Indicates the noise temperature of the satellite receiving end; represents the Boltzmann constant; Indicates the bandwidth of the signaling channel; Step 504: Calculate the satellite-to-user terminal downlink signaling link (C / N) required. D : Determine the (C / N) required for the entire signaling link based on the demodulation performance of the user terminal H , and then calculate the downlink signaling link from the satellite to the user terminal (C / N) according to the following formula: D ; Where: Indicates upward movement; Indicates downward; Represents the entire uplink and downlink signaling link; Step 505: Calculate the required satellite launch performance: Where: Indicates the receiving noise temperature of the ground end of the downlink signaling link; Indicates the power of the ground-received signaling signal on the downlink signaling link; It represents the effective isotropic radiated power of the satellite; Refers to the noise temperature of the satellite receiving end; Refers to the ground user terminal receiving antenna gain; Step 506: Calculate the required satellite transmission power : 。 5. The flexible service allocation method for digital transparent forwarding load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of step six is ​​as follows: through calculations of the uplink signaling link and the downlink signaling link, the satellite receiving level and transmission power can be obtained, the gain that the satellite transponder needs to achieve is determined, and these gains are distributed to each active unit in the satellite transponder subsystem to complete the design of the satellite transponder dedicated signaling channel.

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