Processing method and application of young stems and leaves of seahorse suitable for abalone farming

Abstract

The invention discloses a processing method of seahorse teeth tender stems and leaves suitable for abalone farming and an application thereof. The invention has been found through research that the seahorse teeth tender stems and leaves can be processed under certain temperature conditions to soften the texture of the seahorse teeth tender stems and leaves, and greatly reduce the influence of tannins in the seahorse teeth tender stems and leaves on the abalone feeding amount. The processed seahorse teeth tender stems and leaves are suitable for the feeding habits and characteristics of abalone, and the nutrition thereof can meet the growth needs of abalone, and the processing has the advantages of simple operation and low price. The processed seahorse teeth tender stems and leaves can be used alone to farm abalone, and can also be used as a beneficial supplement for abalone when other feeds are in short supply. The feed cost of abalone can be effectively reduced, and the farming benefit of abalone can be increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a feed processing method suitable for abalone farming and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Abalone farming is a major industry in my country's marine aquaculture. In 2019, the national abalone production was 180,300 tons, with an output value of nearly 20 billion yuan, of which Fujian produced 143,900 tons, accounting for 79.8% of the national total production. In 2020, Fujian's abalone production increased to 155,000 tons. Gracilaria and kelp, the main bait species for abalone farming in the sea area, have large fluctuations in production and prices in winter and spring each year. In summer and autumn, the high seawater temperature causes a sharp drop in production or even a complete loss of production, resulting in high prices. These uncertain factors will lead to increased farming costs and risks for farmers. Therefore, finding new sources of abalone bait is an important, practical and urgent need for the abalone farming industry.

[0003] The halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum, also known as waterside vegetable, belongs to the genus Sesuvium of the family Aizoaceae. It is a perennial creeping fleshy herb widely distributed on sandy beaches and saline-alkali lands on tropical and subtropical coasts. Sesuvium grows fast and has high water purification efficiency, and is widely used in the ecological restoration of marine aquaculture tailwater. A study on the in-situ restoration effect of the ecological floating bed of Sesuvium portulacastrum in Dongshan Bay showed that after one year of growth, the biomass reached 101 tons / mu (much higher than the 2-5 tons / mu yield of Gracilaria and Laminaria japonica commonly used in abalone farming). Sesuvium portulacastrum has the nutritional characteristics of high protein and low fat, and its meat is juicy. Its overall nutritional value is higher than that of many common vegetables such as carrots, potatoes, lettuce, and Chinese cabbage, and it is a plant with slightly higher nutritional value. Every 100g of edible seahorse teeth contains 74.9-93.3kJ of energy, 93g of water, 2.6g of ash, 1.4g of carbohydrates, and 3.0g of protein. It contains two essential fatty acids, linolenic acid and linoleic acid. It is rich in mineral elements, with the highest content of vitamin E, followed by β-carotene. It contains 16 essential amino acids, with a full range of types. However, due to the bitter taste and high salt content of seahorse teeth, most of the seahorse teeth production has not been effectively utilized, has not been converted into economic benefits, and has been abandoned as waste. Therefore, exploring a way to high-value utilization of seahorse teeth has important economic and social value. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcoming that the tender stems and leaves of seahorse teeth cannot be directly used to feed abalone, provide a processing method of the tender stems and leaves of seahorse teeth suitable for abalone farming and an application thereof, and process the tender stems and leaves of the halophyte seahorse teeth so that the processed seahorse teeth can be suitable for the industrialized farming of abalone.

[0005] Fresh seahorse teeth tender stems are hard and brittle, and the tender stems and leaves also contain a large amount of tannins, which is not conducive to the feeding of abalone. Directly using the tender stems and leaves of seahorse teeth to feed abalone will cause abalone growth stagnation, gradual weight loss and death. The present invention has been found through research that: processing the tender stems and leaves of seahorse teeth under certain temperature conditions can soften the texture of the tender stems and leaves of seahorse teeth, and greatly reduce the impact of tannins in the tender stems and leaves of seahorse teeth on the feeding amount of abalone. The treated tender stems and leaves of seahorse teeth can be used to cultivate abalone alone, and can also be used as a beneficial supplement for abalone when other feeds are in short supply.

[0006] One of the technical solutions adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is:

[0007] The invention discloses a method for processing tender stems and leaves of seahorse suitable for abalone farming. The method comprises the following steps: blanching the tender stems and leaves of seahorse at 100 DEG C for 1.5 to 2.0 minutes, cooling them to room temperature with edible salt solution or clean sea water with a salt content of 2.6 to 3.0%, and draining the blanched stems and leaves.

[0008] During the blanching process, it should be noted that if the blanching temperature is lower than 100°C, the tender stems and leaves of seahorses are not easy to soften; if the blanching time is less than 1.5 minutes, the tender stems and leaves of seahorses are hard, which is not conducive to abalone feeding; if the blanching time exceeds 2.0 minutes, the tender stems and leaves of seahorses are too soft and rotten, and nutrients are easily lost in the breeding water. In addition, since the suitable salinity for abalone growth is 2.6-3.3%, if it is not cooled in edible salt solution or seawater with a salt content of 2.6-3.0%, but in low-salinity water or in water with a higher salt concentration, the salinity of the seahorses themselves will be too low or too high, and contact with the skin of abalone during feeding will cause a stress response in abalone, which can easily cause abalone to become sick.

[0009] Further, the tender stems and leaves of the seahorse teeth are blanched and cooled, then drained, and edible salt is added at a mass ratio of 1:24 to 26 to pickle for 0.5 to 1.5 hours, and then squeezed to remove about 35 to 45% of the water; then the obtained product is added with edible salt at a mass ratio of 3.4 to 3.6:10 to pickle for 23 to 25 hours, and then squeezed to remove 35% to 40% of the water; the seahorse teeth after the second salting and squeezing are packed and stored at a low temperature below 15°C, and can be used normally within 2 weeks. Before using the seahorse teeth that have been salted and squeezed twice to feed abalone, the salt grains on the surface of the salted and squeezed seahorse teeth should be washed, and then soaked in clean seawater for 8 to 12 hours, and the mass ratio of the salted seahorse teeth to seawater is above 1:5 (the amount of seawater can be more), and then drained.

[0010] The blanched seahorse teeth are easy to deteriorate and rot and cannot be preserved for a long time. The salting and squeezing method can extend the shelf life, reduce the transportation weight, and be convenient to use, but it should be noted that if only one salting is used, the amount of salt required will double, and the cost of salting will increase by more than 1 times. If multiple saltings are used, the cost will also increase, and the improvement of the shelf life is not great. The two salting and squeezing methods used in the present invention can ensure that the internal salt solution of the seahorse teeth after squeezing is saturated, and a small amount of salt will remain on the surface and cannot be dissolved. The amount of salt used is less, which is conducive to extending the storage period of the salted seahorse teeth. However, the seahorse teeth after salting and squeezing need to wash away the salt grains on the surface and soak in seawater to reduce the salt content in the seahorse teeth before feeding abalone. If the salted seahorse teeth are directly put into the abalone breeding cage, the salted seahorse teeth will cause the abalone to produce a stress response when contacting the abalone skin, which easily causes the abalone to get sick.

[0011] Preferably, the processing is carried out using tender stems and leaves of Hippocampus harvested on the same day.

[0012] Preferably, the length of the harvested young stems and leaves of Hippocampus truncatus does not exceed 20 cm.

[0013] Preferably, after harvesting, the dead branches and leaves and old stems mixed in the tender stems and leaves of seahorse should be picked out.

[0014] Preferably, the tender stems and leaves of seahorse are cut into small sections of 2 to 5 cm and then blanched.

[0015] Preferably, the blanching is performed by boiling in water or using a blanching machine.

[0016] The second technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0017] The application of the tender stems and leaves of seahorse teeth in abalone farming is that the tender stems and leaves of seahorse teeth are obtained by being processed by the above-mentioned processing method.

[0018] The third technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0019] A method for cultivating abalone using the young stems and leaves of seahorse teeth processed by the above processing method, wherein the young stems and leaves of seahorse teeth obtained after the processing are fed to abalone, the daily feeding amount of young abalone aged from 3 months to less than 1 year old is 15% to 25% of the weight of the abalone, and the daily feeding amount of abalone aged 1 to 2 years old or more is 12% to 18% of the weight of the abalone.

[0020] Unless otherwise specified, the equipment, reagents, processes, parameters, etc. involved in the present invention are conventional equipment, reagents, processes, parameters, etc. and are not given as embodiments.

[0021] All ranges recited herein include all point values ​​within the range.

[0022] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, % refers to mass percentage and ratio refers to mass ratio.

[0023] In the present invention, the "normal temperature" refers to the normal ambient temperature, which may be 10 to 30°C.

[0024] Compared with the background technology, this technical solution has the following advantages:

[0025] 1. The halophyte seahorse teeth has a high yield per mu and can grow all year round in areas south of Fujian. It is more than 20 times the yield per mu of traditional abalone feeds such as Gracilaria and Kelp. It can be planted on saline-alkali land along the coast or on floating beds used for ecological restoration of severely eutrophicated sea areas. Therefore, using seahorse teeth as abalone feed has the advantages of a wide source, high yield, and helps reduce breeding costs.

[0026] 2. Blanching in hot water can remove the gas in the tender stem and leaf tissues of seahorses, allowing the seahorses to settle in the sea water, which is beneficial for abalone to eat; it can convert some of the sugars in the seahorses into aldehydes that react with tannins to form insoluble compounds, thereby reducing the astringency caused by the tannins in the stems and leaves of seahorses, increasing palatability, and facilitating abalone's eating.

[0027] 3. Blanching in hot water can soften the stem and leaf tissue of seahorse teeth, rupture the cell membrane, eliminate cell turgor, shrink the cell wall, hydrolyze the protopectin, reduce the binding force between cells, separate cells, soften the texture, and inhibit enzyme activity. The softened stem and leaf of seahorse teeth are beneficial to abalone ingestion and digestion and absorption.

[0028] 4. Salting and pressing can extend the storage and use period of seahorse teeth, and reduce the weight of seahorse teeth during transportation, making it easier to use in abalone farming.

[0029] 5. The blanched tender stems and leaves of seahorse teeth are suitable for the feeding habits and characteristics of abalone, and their nutrition can meet the growth needs of abalone. The feed coefficient of seahorse teeth is close to that of traditional feed such as Gracilaria and kelp. In addition, seahorse teeth are widely available, and the processing method has the advantages of simple operation and low price, which can effectively reduce the feed cost of abalone and increase the breeding efficiency of abalone. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] 1. Material selection: Choose the tender stems and leaves of seahorse harvested on the same day, with the length of the stems and leaves not exceeding 20cm.

[0033] 2. Removing weeds: Pick out the dead branches and leaves as well as the old stems mixed in with the tender stems and leaves of the seahorse.

[0034] 3. Cut into sections: Use manual cutting or a grass cutter to cut the tender stems and leaves of the seahorse into small sections of 2 to 5 cm.

[0035] 4. Blanching: Use boiling water or a blanching machine to blanch the tender stems and leaves of seahorse at 100°C for 1.5 to 2.0 minutes.

[0036] 5. Cooling: Cool the boiled or blanched tender stems and leaves of seahorse to room temperature with a 2.6-3.0% edible salt solution or clean sea water.

[0037] 6. Usage: Drain the water from the tender stems and leaves of seahorse teeth, weigh and pack them, and use them within 12 hours. It is recommended that the daily feeding amount for young abalone aged 3 months to less than 1 year old is 15% to 25% of the abalone weight, and the daily feeding amount for abalone aged 1 to 2 years old is 12% to 18% of the abalone weight. The specific daily feeding amount is adjusted according to the water temperature and the abalone's feeding situation.

[0038] 7. Abalone farming effect: By feeding the seahorse teeth abalone processed by this process, under the condition of aquaculture water temperature of 15℃~25℃, the shell length of young abalone aged 3 months to 1 year old increases by 3~5mm per month, and the shell length of abalone aged 1~2 years old increases by 2~3mm per month. The feed coefficient of abalone farming is about 30, and the abalone farming has plump meat.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] 1. Material selection: Same as Example 1

[0041] 2. Impurity removal: Same as Example 1

[0042] 3. Cut into sections: same as in Example 1

[0043] 4. Blanching: Same as Example 1

[0044] 5. Cooling: Same as Example 1

[0045] 6. The first salting and pressing: drain the cooled seahorses, add edible salt in a ratio of 1:25 between salt and seahorses, mix well and marinate for 0.5 to 1.5 hours, then put into a permeable woven bag and use a heavy object or a press to squeeze out about 40% of the water.

[0046] 7. Second salting and pressing: Add edible salt to the seahorses after the first salting and pressing at a ratio of 3.4-3.5:10, mix well and marinate for 24 hours, then put into a permeable woven bag. Use heavy objects or a press to squeeze out 35%-40% of the moisture. After the second salting and pressing, there are still a small amount of edible salt particles on the surface of the seahorses. After two salting and pressing, about 5 kilograms of salted seahorses can be obtained from 10 kilograms of tender stems and leaves of seahorses.

[0047] 8. Storage and use: The seahorses after secondary salting and squeezing are packed and stored at a low temperature below 15°C, and can be used normally within 2 weeks. Before use, the salted seahorses are washed to remove the surface salt particles, and then soaked in clean seawater for 8 to 12 hours. The mass ratio of the salted seahorses to seawater is above 1:5. The method and amount of use are the same as those in Example 1. The growth rate of abalone is slightly faster than that of Example 1, and the breeding effect is slightly better than that of Example 1. The feed coefficient of cultured abalone is about 18, and the cultured abalone is plump.

[0048] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention. That is, equivalent changes and modifications made according to the patent scope of the present invention and the contents of the specification should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for processing the tender stems and leaves of seahorse teeth suitable for abalone farming, characterized in that: Blanch the tender stems and leaves of seahorse at 100°C for 1.5-2.0 minutes, then cool to room temperature with edible salt solution or clean sea water with a salt content of 2.6-3.0%, drain and obtain the product.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tender stems and leaves of the seahorse teeth are blanched and cooled, then drained, and edible salt is added at a mass ratio of salt to seahorse teeth of 1:24-26 to marinate for 0.5-1.5 hours, and then about 35%-45% of the moisture is removed by squeezing; then the obtained product is added with edible salt at a mass ratio of salt to seahorse teeth of 3.4-3.6:10 to marinate for 23-25 ​​hours, and then 35%-40% of the moisture is removed by squeezing; the seahorse teeth that have undergone two salting and squeezing are bagged and stored at a low temperature below 15°C; before using the seahorse teeth that have undergone two salting and squeezing to feed abalone, the salt particles on the surface of the salted and squeezed seahorse teeth should be washed, and then they should be soaked in clean seawater for 8-12 hours, with the mass ratio of the salted seahorse teeth to seawater being above 1:5, and then drained to obtain the product.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The tender stems and leaves of seahorse harvested on the same day are selected for the processing.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The length of the harvested tender stems and leaves of seahorse does not exceed 20 cm.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: After harvesting, the dead branches and leaves as well as the old stems mixed in the tender stems and leaves of the seahorse should be picked out.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Cut the tender stems and leaves of seahorse into small sections of 2 to 5 cm and then blanch them.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The blanching is performed by boiling in water or using a blanching machine.

8. The application of the tender stems and leaves of Hippocampus truncatus in abalone culture is characterized by: The tender stems and leaves of Hippocampus odoratus are obtained by processing according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A method for culturing abalone using the tender stems and leaves of Hippocampus prostaglandins obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The processed tender stems and leaves of seahorse teeth are fed to abalone, the daily feeding amount for young abalone aged from 3 months to less than 1 year old is 15% to 25% of the weight of the abalone, and the daily feeding amount for abalone aged 1 to 2 years old or more is 12% to 18% of the weight of the abalone.