A long corridor heterogeneous pedestrian evacuation method considering small group behavior

Abstract

The application discloses a long-channel heterogeneous pedestrian evacuation method considering small-group behaviors, and relates to the technical field of public safety. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the length, width and internal structure information of a channel; acquiring personnel distribution and role information, and calculating the static field distribution in the channel; acquiring surrounding traffic environment information; determining the decision of each small group according to the acquired traffic environment information; simulating the motion path of pedestrians according to a motion module; and analyzing the simulation result to explore the influence of small-group behaviors on the motion of people in the channel. The long-channel heterogeneous pedestrian evacuation method considering small-group behaviors considers the characteristics of small-group behaviors, adopts a multi-lattice model to more finely describe the motion state of pedestrians, and is helpful to in-depth study of the influence of small-group behaviors on the motion of people in the channel and improvement of evacuation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of public safety technology, specifically to a method for evacuating heterogeneous pedestrians in long passageways that takes into account the behavior of small groups. Background Technology

[0002] Passageways, as essential passageways, are widely present in various buildings. With urbanization and the increase in large public buildings, large-scale, high-density crowds gathering in passageways are becoming increasingly common. In emergencies, panic among the crowds can easily lead to injuries or fatalities. Therefore, in-depth research on crowd movement within passageways is necessary to develop scientific and effective evacuation guidelines. Typically, people travel in small groups due to various social relationships such as family, friends, lovers, and colleagues, especially in places like commercial pedestrian streets and stadiums where small groups make up a higher proportion of pedestrians. However, previous studies often treated pedestrians as isolated individuals, neglecting the impact of small group behavior on crowd movement. Therefore, studying the impact of small group behavior on crowd movement within passageways is helpful in developing scientific and effective evacuation guidelines, improving evacuation efficiency, and ensuring the safety of people during evacuation.

[0003] In existing technologies, common methods for personnel evacuation research include field observation, evacuation experiments, and evacuation simulation models. However, field observation is difficult to obtain the necessary data due to external interference, and it is also difficult to distinguish small groups of pedestrians. Evacuation experiments require significant manpower and resources, the experimental scenarios are relatively simple, and the behavior of small groups is easily restricted during the experiment. In contrast, evacuation simulation models can be applied to multiple scenarios, are computationally efficient and accurate, and provide a more detailed and flexible characterization of small group behavior. Therefore, compared to field measurements and experiments, simulation models are more applicable and practical. In view of this, we propose a method for evacuating heterogeneous pedestrians in long passageways that considers small group behavior. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for evacuating heterogeneous pedestrians in long passageways that takes into account the behavior of small groups, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for evacuating heterogeneous pedestrians in a long passageway considering small group behavior, the evacuation method comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step S1: Obtain the channel length, width, and internal structure information;

[0007] Step S2: Obtain personnel distribution and role information, and calculate the static field distribution inside the passage;

[0008] Step S3: Obtain surrounding traffic environment information;

[0009] Step S4: Determine the decisions of each small group based on the acquired traffic environment information;

[0010] Step S5: Simulate the pedestrian movement path based on the motion module;

[0011] Step S6: Analyze the simulation results and explore the impact of small group behavior on crowd movement within the passageway.

[0012] Optionally, the small group members are mainly single, two-person, or three-person groups; the small group behaviors mainly include normal walking behavior, waiting in place behavior, slow walking and waiting behavior, small group configuration change behavior, conformity behavior, and avoidance behavior. Among them, small group configuration change behavior refers to the small group forming a queue by standing in front and behind to resolve conflicts, and then restoring to a line configuration after resolving the conflicts to facilitate communication among small group members.

[0013] Optionally, the static field distribution inside the calculation channel is specifically as follows: S ij =d max -d ij .

[0014] Optionally, the d max and d ij These represent the length of the channel and the shortest distance from cell (i,j) to the other end of the outlet, respectively.

[0015] Optionally, step S3 further includes: acquiring the number N of pedestrians traveling in the same direction within the field of view. + (Pedestrians tend to follow groups of people moving in the same direction to better avoid oncoming conflicts), Number of oncoming pedestrians N - (Pedestrians tend to avoid groups of people moving in the opposite direction to resolve oncoming conflicts), and the location of other people in the same small group.

[0016] Optionally, S4 further includes:

[0017] Step S41: Use Let represent the distance between the Leader and the i-th Follower in the group and the angle between the line connecting them and the horizontal direction, respectively.

[0018] Step S42: Small group of pedestrians based on Determine whether the small group is adopting a waiting behavior;

[0019] Step S43: Small group of pedestrians based on N - To determine whether a small group engages in configurational transformation behavior, when all members of the small group... When all values ​​are less than the system threshold, the small group is considered to have formed a queue.

[0020] Optionally, step S42 further includes: when any one in the small group When the number of pedestrians exceeds the system threshold (i.e., a member of the small group falls behind), the group will enter a waiting behavior. Pedestrians in front will determine whether to wait in place or slow down based on the number of pedestrians traveling in the same direction within their field of vision. Lagging members will then accelerate forward until all members of the small group have moved forward. When all values ​​are less than the system threshold, it is considered that the lagging member has caught up with the preceding member and has exited the waiting behavior.

[0021] Optionally, step S43 further includes: when N - When the value is 0, it is considered that the small group has resolved the conflict, and the configuration transformation mechanism is initiated. At this time, the small group leader waits in place, and all followers in the small group adjust around the leader until all followers adjust. If all values ​​reach the target value, the small group configuration is considered to have completed the adjustment and exited the configuration transformation behavior; if N - If the value is greater than 0, it is considered that the conflict has not been resolved and the current formation continues to advance.

[0022] Optionally, step S5 further includes:

[0023] Step S51: Based on the field model, the channel is discretized into cells with a side length of 0.1m, and the time is discretized into discrete time steps of Δt. One pedestrian occupies 4×4 cells. The movement of small groups of pedestrians is completed sequentially at each time step using a random update method. When updating a specific small group, the Leader in the small group is updated first, and then the Follower is updated.

[0024] The specific update formula for the Leader is as follows:

[0025]

[0026]

[0027]

[0028]

[0029] Where (i,j) represents an empty neighborhood cell; N, S ij , N + N - and n ij K represents the normalization factor, static field value, distance between the target cell and the centroid of the small group, number of pedestrians moving in the same direction within the field of view, number of pedestrians moving in opposite directions within the field of view, and cell occupancy status (1 for an occupied cell, 0 otherwise). S K m K r and K h This represents the influence coefficient of each factor, (im ,j m (i) represents the coordinates of the centroid of the small group. n ,j n ) represents the coordinates of a small group member, w n This indicates the weight of the influence of small group members on the centroid;

[0030] The specific update formula for Follower is as follows:

[0031]

[0032]

[0033]

[0034] Where d ij d L α ij and α L K represents the distance between the target cell and a member of the small group, the distance traveled by the leader of the small group, the angle between the line connecting the target cell and a member of the small group and the horizontal line, and the angle between the leader's path and the horizontal line, respectively. S K m K d K α and K r This represents the influence coefficient of each factor; the other items are as described above.

[0035] Step S52: When a small group of pedestrians is in a waiting mechanism, the pedestrians in front of the group remain stationary, while the members behind are updated according to the following formula:

[0036]

[0037] Step S53: When a small group enters the configuration transformation mechanism, the group leader remains fixed, and the other members determine their update state based on the surrounding environment information. The specific update formula is as follows:

[0038]

[0039]

[0040]

[0041] Where (i l ,j l ), These represent the Leader's current coordinates, the angle between the line connecting the Follower's neighboring cells and the Leader, and the horizontal direction, respectively, and the distance between the Follower's neighboring cells and the Leader. This represents the influence coefficient of each factor; the other terms are the same as before.

[0042] This invention provides a method for evacuating heterogeneous pedestrians in long passageways that takes into account the behavior of small groups. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] This method for evacuating heterogeneous pedestrians in long passageways, taking into account the characteristics of small group behavior, uses a multi-grid model to more accurately characterize pedestrian movement, which helps to study the impact of small group behavior on crowd movement in passageways and improve evacuation efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the neighborhood of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the configuration adjustment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Please see Figures 1-3 This invention provides a technical solution: a method for evacuating heterogeneous pedestrians in a long passageway considering the behavior of small groups, comprising the following steps:

[0049] Step S1: Obtain the channel length, width, and internal structure information;

[0050] In this embodiment, the exits on the left and right sides of the passage are open to normal passage and are named Exit A and Exit B respectively. The passage size is L×W m. 2 There are no other obstacles inside the passage, and the entire area is discretized into a two-dimensional cellular space. Each cell is a square with a side length of 0.1m.

[0051] Step S2: Obtain personnel distribution and role information, and calculate the static field distribution inside the passage;

[0052] Personnel distribution includes personnel location information and small group size information. This embodiment mainly considers three types of small groups: single groups, two-person groups, and three-person groups.

[0053] Personnel role information refers to a small group consisting of one Leader and several Followers. A single-person group is considered to have only a Leader, a two-person group has the right-hand member as the Leader, and a three-person group has the middle member as the Leader. The Leader leads the movement of the entire small group, and the Followers try to maintain the same state of movement as the Leader, mainly reflected in the magnitude and direction of their speed.

[0054] The static field value of each cell (i,j) within the region is: S ij =d max -d ij , where d max d ij These represent the length of the channel and the shortest distance from cell (i,j) to the other end of the outlet, respectively.

[0055] Step S3: Obtain surrounding traffic environment information;

[0056] Obtain the number N of pedestrians traveling in the same direction within a field of view radius R in front of the pedestrian. + (Pedestrians tend to follow groups of people moving in the same direction to better avoid oncoming conflicts), Number of oncoming pedestrians N - (Pedestrians tend to avoid groups of people moving in the opposite direction to resolve oncoming conflicts) and the location information of other members within the same small group.

[0057] Step S4: Determine the decisions of each small group based on the acquired traffic environment information;

[0058] use Let represent the distance between the Leader and the i-th Follower in the group and the angle between the line connecting them and the horizontal direction, respectively.

[0059] Small groups of pedestrians according to To determine whether a small group will adopt a waiting behavior, when any member of the small group... When the number of pedestrians exceeds the system threshold (i.e., a member of the small group falls behind), the group will enter a waiting behavior. Pedestrians in front will determine whether to wait in place or slow down based on the number of pedestrians traveling in the same direction within their field of vision. Lagging members will then accelerate forward until all members of the small group have moved forward. When all values ​​are less than the system threshold, it is considered that the lagging member has caught up with the preceding member and has exited the waiting behavior.

[0060] Small groups of pedestrians according to α i LF N - To determine whether a small group engages in configurational transformation behavior, when all α values ​​in the small group are... i LF When all values ​​are less than the system threshold, small groups are considered to form queues. -When the alpha value is 0, it is considered that the small group has resolved the conflict, and the configuration transformation mechanism is initiated. At this time, the small group leader waits in place, and all followers in the small group adjust around the leader until all alphas are reached. i LF If all values ​​reach the target value, the small group configuration is considered to have completed the adjustment and exited the configuration transformation behavior; if N - If the value is greater than 0, it is considered that the conflict has not been resolved and the current formation should continue to advance.

[0061] Step S5: Simulate the pedestrian movement path based on the motion module;

[0062] Based on pedestrian decision-making, small groups of pedestrians are divided into three states: normal state, waiting state, and configuration adjustment state.

[0063] The system determines the current pedestrian's role and movement status, and then uses corresponding methods to calculate the probability of moving in the desired direction.

[0064] The probability of a Leader transitioning to its desired direction under normal motion conditions is calculated using the following formula:

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] ∑w n i n

[0068]

[0069] Where (i,j) represents an empty neighborhood cell; N, S ij , N + N - and n ij These represent the normalization factor, static field value, distance between the target cell and the centroid of the small group, number of pedestrians moving in the same direction within the field of view, number of pedestrians moving in opposite directions within the field of view, and cell occupancy status (1 for an occupied cell, 0 otherwise). K S K m K r and K h This represents the influence coefficient of each factor. (i) m ,j m (i) represents the coordinates of the centroid of the small group. n ,j n ) represents the coordinates of a small group member, w n This indicates the weight of the influence of small group members on the centroid.

[0070] The method for calculating the transition probability of the desired direction for a Follower in normal motion is as follows:

[0071]

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] Where d ij d L α ij and α L K represents the distance between the target cell and a member of the small group, the distance traveled by the leader of the small group, the angle between the line connecting the target cell and a member of the small group and the horizontal line, and the angle between the leader's path and the horizontal line, respectively. S K m K d K α and K r This represents the influence coefficient of each factor; the other terms are as described above.

[0075] For a small group of pedestrians waiting, the member in front stops and waits, and the members behind update according to the following formula:

[0076]

[0077] For small groups undergoing configuration adjustments, the Leader remains stationary while the Followers are adjusted. The specific update formula is as follows:

[0078]

[0079]

[0080]

[0081] Where (i l ,j l ), These represent the Leader's current coordinates, the angle between the line connecting the Follower's neighboring cells and the Leader, and the horizontal direction, respectively, and the distance between the Follower's neighboring cells and the Leader. This represents the influence coefficient of each factor; the other terms are as described above.

[0082] Step S6: Analyze the simulation results to explore the impact of small group behavior on crowd movement within the passageway. Study the influence of the proportion of small groups, group size, and the maximum acceptable distance for small groups of pedestrians on crowd speed, flow rate, and lane formation within the passageway, thereby providing a basis for crowd management.

[0083] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A long corridor heterogeneous pedestrian evacuation method considering small group behavior, characterized in that: The evacuation method comprises the following steps: Step S1: obtaining the length, width and internal structure information of the passage; Step S2: obtaining the personnel distribution and role information and calculating the static field distribution inside the passage; Step S3: obtaining the surrounding traffic environment information; Step S4: determining the decision of each small group according to the obtained traffic environment information; Step S5: simulating the motion path of the pedestrian according to the motion module; Step S6: analyzing the simulation result and exploring the influence of the small group behavior on the motion of the crowd in the passage; In the step S51, the channel is discretized into cells with a side length of 0.1 m based on the field model, and the time is discretized into discrete time steps. One pedestrian occupies 4*4 cells, and the movement of each small group of pedestrians is completed in turn using a random update method. When updating a specific small group, the Leader in the small group is updated first, and then the Follower is updated. The specific updating formula of the Leader is as follows: wherein, represents an empty neighborhood cell; , , , , and represent a normalization factor, a static field value, a distance between the target cell and the small group centroid, a number of co-directional pedestrians within the field of view, a number of opposite-directional pedestrians within the field of view, and a cell occupancy state, respectively, , , and represent the influence coefficients of each factor, represents the small group centroid coordinates, represents the small group member coordinates, represents the small group member influence weight on the centroid, represents the transition probability of the expected direction of the Leader in the normal motion state; The specific updating formula of the Follower is as follows: wherein , , and respectively represent the distance between the target cell and the small group member's own distance, the small group leader's travel distance, the angle between the small group member's own line and the horizontal line, the angle between the small group leader's travel route and the horizontal line, , , , and represent the influence coefficient of each factor, and the remaining terms are as described above, represents the transfer probability of the expected direction of the follower in the normal motion state. Step S52: when the small group pedestrian is in the waiting mechanism, the pedestrian located in front of the small group is fixed, and the members at the rear update according to the following formula: Step S53: when the small group enters the configuration transformation mechanism, the Leader of the small group is fixed, and the rest of the members determine their updating state according to the surrounding environment information, and the specific updating formula is as follows: wherein , , are the current coordinates of the Leader, the neighborhood cell of the Follower and the angle between the Leader's connecting line and the horizontal direction, respectively, the distance between the neighborhood cell of the Follower and the Leader, , , represent the influence coefficients of each factor, the rest are the same as before; represents the transition probability of the expected direction of adjustment for the Follower when the small group members in the configuration adjustment state fix the Leader as the center and keep the Leader stationary.

2. The long corridor heterogeneous pedestrian evacuation method considering small group behaviors according to claim 1, wherein: The static field distribution inside the calculation channel is specifically as follows: , , Representing the channel length and cell, respectively. The shortest distance to the other end of the exit.

3. The long corridor heterogeneous pedestrian evacuation method considering small group behaviors according to claim 2, wherein: The And respectively represent the length of the channel and the cell to the shortest distance to the exit of the other end.

4. The long corridor heterogeneous pedestrian evacuation method considering small group behaviors according to claim 3, wherein: The S3 further comprises: acquiring the number of same-direction pedestrians within the field of view , the number of opposite-direction pedestrians , and the positions of other members of the same small group.

5. The long corridor heterogeneous pedestrian evacuation method considering small group behaviors according to claim 4, wherein: The S4 further comprises: Step S41: use , respectively represent the distance between the Leader in the small group and the first Follower in the small group, the angle between the line connecting the Leader in the small group and the first Follower in the small group and the horizontal direction; Step S42: The small group of pedestrians determines whether or not to take a waiting behavior according to the waiting behavior of the other small group of pedestrians. Step S43: Small group of pedestrians based on , To determine whether a small group engages in configurational transformation behavior, when all members of the small group... When all values ​​are less than the system threshold, the small group is considered to have formed a queue.

6. The long corridor heterogeneous pedestrian evacuation method considering small group behaviors according to claim 5, wherein: The step S42 further includes: when any one of the small groups When the system threshold is greater than the small group, the small group pedestrian will enter the waiting behavior. The pedestrian in front determines whether to choose to wait in place or slow down to wait according to the number of pedestrians in the same direction within the visual range. The small group member who falls behind accelerates to move forward until all When the system threshold is less than the small group, it is considered that the falling behind member has caught up with the front member and exits the waiting behavior.

7. The long corridor heterogeneous pedestrian evacuation method considering small group behaviors according to claim 6, wherein: The step S43 further comprises: when 0, it is considered that the small group has solved the conflict, at this time the configuration transformation mechanism is entered, at this time the small group Leader waits in place, and all the Followers in the small group adjust around the Leader until all reach the target value, and it is considered that the small group configuration has completed adjustment and exits the configuration transformation behavior; if greater than 0, it is considered that the conflict has not been solved, and the current formation continues to march.

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