A frictional charging tube and electrostatic sorting device

Abstract

The application discloses a frictional charging cylinder and an electric selection device, and belongs to the technical field of dry electrostatic separation, and aims to solve the problems of low frictional charging, low separation efficiency and low recovery efficiency of the selected particles in the prior art. The frictional charging cylinder comprises a medium cylinder, a rotating motor, a rotating shaft, a rotating friction needle wheel and an umbrella-shaped material spreader. The rotating shaft, the rotating friction needle wheel and the umbrella-shaped material spreader are located in the medium cylinder. One end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the rotating motor, and the other end is fixedly connected with the umbrella-shaped material spreader after penetrating through the rotating friction needle wheel. The rotating motor drives the rotating friction needle wheel and the material spreader to rotate around the rotating shaft through the rotating shaft. The application can be used for the electric selection of the selected particles, and can improve the frictional charging efficiency and separation effect of the selected particles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of dry electrostatic separation technology, and specifically relates to a triboelectric charging cylinder and an electrostatic separation device. Background Technology

[0002] Triboelectric separation is a dry separation technology that utilizes the contact, collision, and friction between mineral particles or between mineral particles and a friction medium to generate charges of different sizes and opposite polarities. These charges are then introduced into a high-voltage electric field. Due to the different charges on the particles, their trajectories differ significantly, thus separating the two minerals. In triboelectric separation, the adequacy of the triboelectric charge on the particles to be separated is one of the key factors affecting the separation and recovery efficiency.

[0003] In the prior art, triboelectric charging of particles is usually achieved using only friction rods. However, due to the large diameter of the friction rods, only a small number of friction rods can be arranged in a relatively fixed triboelectric charging cavity, resulting in poor charging effect of the particles and thus affecting the sorting and recycling efficiency of the particles.

[0004] Furthermore, as the particle size of the materials to be sorted decreases, the surface area increases, and the surface energy rises, making it easy for particles to spontaneously agglomerate. This agglomeration reduces the flowability of the particles, decreasing the probability of collision with the friction medium and the effective contact area during triboelectric charging. The reduced efficiency of triboelectric charging leads to insufficient offset trajectory in the electric field, resulting in decreased sorting efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a triboelectric charging cylinder and an electrostatic separation device to solve the problem of low sorting efficiency and recovery efficiency caused by insufficient triboelectric charging of particles in the prior art.

[0006] The objective of this invention is mainly achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0007] This invention provides a triboelectric charging cylinder, comprising a medium cylinder, a rotary motor, a rotary shaft, a rotary friction pinwheel, and an umbrella surface spreader; the rotary shaft, the rotary friction pinwheel, and the umbrella surface spreader are located inside the medium cylinder; one end of the rotary shaft is fixedly connected to the rotary motor, and the other end passes through the rotary friction pinwheel and is fixedly connected to the umbrella surface spreader; the rotary motor drives the rotary friction pinwheel and the spreader to rotate around the rotary shaft via the rotary shaft.

[0008] Furthermore, the medium cylinder includes a cylindrical cylinder and an inverted conical cylinder connected sequentially from top to bottom. The inlet of the medium cylinder is located on the side wall of the cylindrical cylinder, and the outlet of the medium cylinder is located at the bottom end of the conical cylinder.

[0009] Furthermore, the rotating shaft, rotating friction pinwheel, and umbrella surface spreader are all housed within a cylindrical tube.

[0010] Furthermore, the rotating friction needle wheel includes multiple charged layers arranged axially along the rotation axis, with gaps between adjacent charged layers, and each charged layer includes multiple needles arranged radially around the rotation axis, with gaps between each needle.

[0011] Furthermore, multiple needles are evenly distributed.

[0012] Furthermore, the axis of each needle is perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

[0013] Furthermore, there is a gap between the tip of the seedling and the inner wall of the medium tube.

[0014] Furthermore, the umbrella-shaped material spreader includes a fixed disc and multiple spiral blades arranged circumferentially along the fixed disc; the spiral blades are inclined clockwise or counterclockwise relative to the radial direction of the fixed disc, forming an umbrella shape.

[0015] Furthermore, the materials of the umbrella surface spreader, the rotating friction pinwheel, and the media cylinder are the same.

[0016] The present invention also provides an electric separation device, including the above-described triboelectric charging cylinder.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects.

[0018] A) In the triboelectric charging cylinder provided by this invention, the particles to be selected enter the medium cylinder and are tribocharged by the rotation of the rotating friction needle wheel. After being charged, the particles are evenly fed into the electrostatic sorting unit via the umbrella-shaped spreader. Through this triboelectric charging cylinder structure, during the triboelectric charging process, the particles undergo multiple layers of triboelectric charging, including impact from the rotating friction needle wheel, rebound against the inner wall of the medium cylinder, movement and spreading on the umbrella-shaped spreader, and sliding along the medium cylinder. This ensures that the particles are sufficiently charged.

[0019] B) In the triboelectric charging provided by the present invention, the rotating friction needle wheel at high speed can also use mechanical force to strike the target particle group, overcome the adhesion between the target particle group, enhance the flowability of the target particle group, and thus improve the agglomeration phenomenon between the target particles.

[0020] C) In the triboelectric charging provided by this invention, the needles are densely arranged and evenly distributed. By applying the principles of dynamic filtration and transmission probability, the needles can conduct multi-level impact collisions on the selected particle group. In the process of fully charging the selected particles, they also have a three-dimensional dispersion effect, ensuring that the material does not clump.

[0021] In this invention, the above-described technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and some advantages may become apparent from the description or be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained through the embodiments described and the accompanying drawings, which are particularly pointed out. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts.

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the triboelectric charging cylinder provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a top view of the rotating friction needle wheel in the triboelectric charging cylinder provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a top view of the umbrella-shaped material dispenser in the triboelectric charging cylinder provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electrostatic separation device provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the voltage regulator plate in the electric separation device provided by the present invention.

[0028] Figure label:

[0029] 1-Fan; 2-Vibrating feeder; 3-Feeding pipe; 4-Flow meter; 5-Feeding regulator; 6-Air supply duct; 7-Concentration detection controller; 8-Rotary motor; 9-Rotating shaft; 10-Air jacket; 11-Atomizer; 12-Rotating friction pinwheel; 121-Needle seedling; 13-Pressure stabilizing plate; 14-Storage bin; 15-Umbrella spreader; 151-Fixed plate; 152-Helical blade; 16-Media cylinder; 17-Grading electrode plate; 18-Outer shell; 19-Power supply; 20-Collection tank; 21-Outlet regulator. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] This embodiment provides a triboelectric charging cylinder, see [link / reference] Figure 1It includes a medium cylinder 16, a rotary motor 8, a rotary shaft 9, a rotary friction pinwheel 12, and an umbrella surface spreader 15. The rotary shaft 9, the rotary friction pinwheel 12, and the umbrella surface spreader 15 are located inside the medium cylinder 16. One end of the rotary shaft 9 is fixedly connected to the rotary motor 8, and the other end passes through the rotary friction pinwheel 12 and is fixedly connected to the umbrella surface spreader 15. The rotary motor 8 drives the rotary friction pinwheel 12 and the spreader to rotate around the rotary shaft 9 through the rotary shaft 9. The rotation speed is 50 to 500 r / min.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, in the media cylinder provided in this embodiment, the particles to be selected enter the media cylinder 16 and are tribocharged by the rotation of the rotating friction pin wheel 12. After being charged, the particles are evenly fed into the electrostatic sorting unit via the umbrella spreader 15. With this tribocharged cylinder structure, during the tribochargement process, the particles undergo multiple levels of tribochargement, including impact from the rotating friction pin wheel 12, rebound against the inner wall of the media cylinder 16, movement and spreading on the umbrella spreader 15, and sliding along the media cylinder 16, thus ensuring sufficient charging of the particles.

[0034] In addition, the high-speed rotating friction pinwheel 12 can also use mechanical force to strike the particle group to be selected, overcome the adhesion between the particle group to be selected, enhance the flowability of the particle group to be selected, and thus improve the agglomeration phenomenon between the particles to be selected.

[0035] Specifically, the structure of the media cylinder 16 includes a cylindrical cylinder and an inverted conical cylinder connected sequentially from top to bottom (e.g., welded). The inlet of the media cylinder 16 is located on the side wall of the cylindrical cylinder, and the outlet of the media cylinder 16 is located at the bottom end of the conical cylinder. The rotating shaft 9, the rotating friction pinwheel 12, and the umbrella-shaped feeder 15 are all located inside the cylindrical cylinder. With this structure, the media cylinder 16 has two advantages: firstly, the cylindrical cylinder effectively increases the volume inside the media cylinder 16, facilitating the accommodation of the rotating shaft 9, the rotating friction pinwheel 12, and the umbrella-shaped feeder 15; secondly, the inverted conical cylinder appropriately reduces the movement speed of the particles to be selected, prolonging the friction and falling time of the particles, allowing the particles to be fully charged.

[0036] To further improve the charging effect of the selected particles, the structure of the rotating friction pinwheel 12 specifically includes multiple charged layers arranged axially along the rotation axis 9, see [reference needed]. Figure 2 There are gaps between adjacent charged layers. Each charged layer includes multiple needles 121 arranged radially around the rotation axis 9. There are gaps between each needle 121, and the multiple needles 121 are evenly arranged. The axis of each needle 121 is perpendicular to the axis of the rotation axis 9. There is a gap between the top of the needle 121 and the inner wall of the medium cylinder 16.

[0037] Compared with existing rotating friction rods, this type of rotating friction pin wheel 12 has densely arranged and evenly distributed needles 121. Applying the principle of dynamic filtration and penetration probability, the needles 121 can perform multi-level impact collisions on the selected particle group. In the process of fully charging the selected particles, it also has a three-dimensional dispersion effect, ensuring that the material does not clump.

[0038] To improve fabric uniformity, the umbrella fabric spreader 15 includes a fixed disc 151 (e.g., a circular disc) and a plurality of spiral blades 152 arranged circumferentially along the fixed disc 151. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 Relative to the radial direction of the fixed disk 151, the spiral blades 152 are inclined clockwise or counterclockwise by 12–18° (e.g., 15°), thus forming an umbrella shape. In this way, after the particles, charged by the rotating friction pinwheel 12, fall onto the umbrella-shaped spreader 15, the movement path of the particles is effectively extended, further increasing the time and probability of the particles being dispersed and charged. Subsequently, under the action of centrifugal force, they move uniformly outward and are distributed into the inverted cone. Furthermore, the umbrella-shaped spreader 15 allows the particles to be dispersed within the maximum permissible range, improving the uniformity of particle dispersion.

[0039] It should be noted that, in order to prevent confusion in the charge of the particles to be tested, the materials of the umbrella spreader 15, the rotating friction pinwheel 12 and the medium cylinder 16 are the same. They can be selected according to the triboelectric characteristics of the particles to be tested. The purpose is to make different particles to be tested be charged with different polarities after collision and friction. For example, the materials of the three are PVC.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] This embodiment also provides an electrostatic separation device, see [link to documentation]. Figure 4 This includes the aforementioned medium cylinder.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the electrostatic separation device provided in this embodiment are basically the same as those of the medium cylinder provided in Embodiment 1, and will not be described in detail here.

[0043] It should be noted that the above-mentioned electrostatic separation device also includes an air supply unit, a feeding unit, a modification atomization unit, and an electrostatic separation unit. The air supply unit, the air supply pipeline 6, the triboelectric charging cylinder, and the electrostatic separation unit are connected in sequence. The outlet of the feeding unit and the air outlet of the modification atomization unit are both connected to the air supply pipeline 6. The inlet of the medium cylinder 16 is connected to the air outlet of the air supply pipeline 6, and the outlet of the medium cylinder 16 is connected to the inlet of the electrostatic separation unit. The air supply unit is used to provide airflow from the air supply unit to the triboelectric charging cylinder. The feeding unit is used to provide the particles to be selected. The modification atomization unit is used to provide atomized surface modifier. The particles to be selected and the atomized surface modifier are mixed in the air supply pipeline 6 and enter the triboelectric charging cylinder under the airflow.

[0044] Compared with existing technologies, the electrostatic separation device provided in this embodiment combines atomization modification technology and particle dispersion technology with triboelectric separation technology to solve the problem of unsatisfactory triboelectric separation effect of candidate particles in industry, and improve the efficiency of triboelectric separation and separation effect of candidate particles.

[0045] Specifically, on the one hand, using the airflow provided by the air supply unit as the transport medium can not only disperse the particle clusters formed by the candidate particles, enhancing their flowability, but also carry atomized surface modifiers to modify the surface of the candidate particles. This allows the surface modifiers to coat the particle clusters, achieving the purpose of dry modification. This technology simplifies the process flow and is flexible and easy to adjust. On the other hand, during the surface modification process of the candidate particles, by selecting appropriate surface modifiers, not only can the charge difference between the candidate particles be increased, but the agglomeration tendency of the candidate particles can also be changed.

[0046] For example, the air outlet direction of the air supply duct 6 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the rotating shaft 9. In this way, during the operation of introducing the modified candidate particles, the modified candidate particles are fed into the medium cylinder 16 under the lateral force of the airflow. This not only allows the collision intensity between the candidate particles and the rotating friction pin wheel 12 and the inner wall of the medium cylinder 16 to be adjusted by regulating the airflow speed, but also does not shorten the charging time of the candidate particles in the medium cylinder 16, thereby effectively improving the charging efficiency of the candidate particles in the medium cylinder 16.

[0047] Considering that the modification of the selected particles is mainly carried out in the air supply duct 6, in order to ensure the sufficiency of the modification of the selected particles, the diameter of the air supply duct 6 is 0.12-0.16m, the length is 5-7m, and the distance between the connection point of the modified atomizing unit and the connecting duct and the connection point of the connecting duct and the triboelectric charging cylinder is 3-5m.

[0048] In order to control the flow rate of the particles to be selected into the triboelectric charging cylinder, the air supply duct 6 is provided with an air outlet regulating component 21 that partially covers the outlet of the air supply duct 6. For example, a stainless steel insert. By adjusting the area of ​​the air outlet regulating component 21 covering the outlet, the size of the outlet opening of the air supply duct 6 can be controlled, thereby controlling the flow rate of the particles to be selected into the triboelectric charging cylinder.

[0049] To prevent the particles to be selected from becoming pre-charged due to friction with the air supply duct 6 during the transport process, the air supply duct 6 is grounded by a wire.

[0050] Specifically, the air supply unit includes a fan 1 and an air receiver 10. The air outlet of the fan 1 is connected to the air inlet of the air receiver 10, and the air outlet of the air receiver 10 is connected to the air inlet of the air supply duct 6.

[0051] To detect the air supply flow rate, a flow meter 4 is installed on the aforementioned air supply duct 6. The flow meter 4 monitors the real-time air supply flow rate data and determines whether it falls within a threshold range. If not, the air receiver 10 adjusts the real-time air supply flow rate until it falls within the threshold range, thereby regulating the feed concentration and the collision intensity of the target particles within the air supply duct 6. For example, the air supply flow rate is 100–1000 m³ / h. 3 / h, with a supply air pressure of 0.1~0.6MPa.

[0052] For example, the feeding unit is a vibrating feeder 2, which includes a storage trough and a vibrator. The outlet of the storage trough is connected to the air supply pipe 6. The vibrator drives the storage trough to reciprocate at a certain angle. The vibration frequency of the storage trough is controlled by adjusting the frequency of the vibrator, thereby controlling the feeding speed. For example, the vibration frequency is 2000-5000Hz, and the maximum amplitude is ±13mm.

[0053] To enable automatic feeding, the aforementioned storage trough is positioned above the air supply duct 6, with its outlet located at the bottom. The outlet is connected to the air supply duct 6 via a feed pipe 3, which is inclined and has its inlet parallel to the bottom of the storage trough. This allows the particles to slide directly into the air supply duct 6 under the influence of gravity, aided by the vibrator.

[0054] In addition, the feeding speed can be adjusted by the following method: a feeding adjustment component 5 is provided at the outlet of the feeding pipe 3, which partially covers the outlet of the feeding pipe 3. For example, a stainless steel insert. By adjusting the area of ​​the feeding adjustment component 5 covering the feeding port, the size of the outlet of the feeding pipe 3 can be controlled, thereby controlling the feeding speed.

[0055] Specifically, the modified atomizing unit includes an atomizer 11 (e.g., an ultrasonic atomizer) and a storage chamber 14. The outlet of the atomizer 11 is connected to the inlet of the storage chamber 14. The air inlet and outlet of the storage chamber 14 are both connected to the air supply duct 6. Along the air supply direction, the flow meter 4, the outlet of the feed pipe 3, the air inlet and outlet of the storage chamber 14 are arranged in sequence. The storage chamber 14 is used to store the atomized surface modifier, with a maximum charge of 100L. The maximum atomization speed of the atomizer 11 is 500L / h.

[0056] To enable real-time detection of the surface modifier concentration, the aforementioned electro-selection device further includes a concentration detection controller 7 for detecting the surface modifier concentration. For example, two concentration detection controllers 7 are used, one located on the inner wall of the storage chamber and the other at the air outlet of the air supply duct 6. In this way, the concentration detection controller 7 detects the real-time surface modifier concentration data and determines whether the real-time surface modifier concentration data has reached a threshold. If not, the atomizer 11 adjusts the real-time surface modifier concentration data until it reaches the threshold. This method enables real-time detection of the surface modifier concentration and controls the operating time of the atomizer 11 according to the set concentration threshold, thereby preventing the surface modifier concentration from being too high, causing the selected particles to clump together, or the surface modifier concentration from being too low, causing insufficient modification.

[0057] For example, the air inlet and air outlet of the storage chamber 14 are both connected to the air supply pipe 6 via connecting pipes. A pressure stabilizing plate 13 is provided on the connecting pipe. The pressure stabilizing plate 13 can stabilize the airflow entering the storage chamber 14 and the airflow exiting the storage chamber 14, so that the atomized surface modifier can enter the air supply pipe 6 under the delivery of a stable airflow to perform surface modification on the selected particles.

[0058] Specifically, the aforementioned voltage regulator 13 includes a plate body, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 5 Multiple through holes are opened on the plate body. The opening ratio of the voltage stabilizing plate 13 is adjustable. In practical applications, the opening ratio can be adjusted by partially blocking the through holes. The concentrated airflow is dispersed into multiple airflows through the through holes, thereby achieving voltage stabilization.

[0059] In order to enable charged particles of different polarities to be subjected to electric field forces of different magnitudes and directions laterally, thereby producing a large deflection and improving the sorting efficiency of charged particles, the electrostatic sorting unit is exemplarily structured as follows: it includes a housing 18, a power supply 19, multiple collection tanks 20, and multiple pairs of grading electrode plates 17. The end of the housing 18 facing the medium cylinder 16 is open, and the opening is located below the medium cylinder 16, with a gap of 5-10 cm between it and the outlet of the medium cylinder 16. The collection tanks 20 are located at the bottom of the housing 18, and the grading electrode plates 17 are located on the inner wall of the housing 18. One end of the grading electrode plate 17 is electrically connected to the power supply 19, and the other end is grounded. Multiple pairs of grading electrode plates 17 are arranged sequentially along the direction gradually moving away from the outlet of the medium cylinder 16, and the electric field force generated gradually increases. In this way, multiple pairs of grading electrode plates 17 can form multiple adjustable stepped electric fields. Charged particles of different polarities are deflected by the lateral action of electric field forces of different magnitudes and directions, and fall into different collection tanks 20, thereby achieving the separation of charged particles. This solves the problems of insufficient electric field force for deflection of charged particles with smaller mass and excessive deflection and collision with grading electrode plates 17 of particles with larger mass. In addition, unlike the closed electric field, the electrostatic sorting unit of this embodiment is an open sorting field. After being charged, the particles to be sorted enter the high-voltage electrostatic field through the narrow discharge port (i.e., the discharge port of the medium cylinder 16). Since it is an open sorting field, the charged particles are not subjected to the force of continuous airflow in the electric field. The airflow only provides an initial velocity to the charged particles. The charged particles fall vertically in the electrostatic sorting zone only by their own gravity. In the horizontal direction, the electric field force provides horizontal acceleration, causing them to deflect and produce different trajectories. They are not disturbed by airflow turbulence, the force situation is simple, and the motion trajectory is relatively uniform and orderly.

[0060] For example, the outer shell 18 is divided into multiple interconnected receiving cavities along the direction of the discharge port of the medium cylinder 16, and a pair of graded electrode plates 17 are provided in each receiving cavity; in each pair of graded electrode plates 17, one graded electrode plate 17 is located on one side of the receiving cavity and the other graded electrode plate 17 is located on the other side of the receiving cavity, and the positions of the two graded electrode plates 17 correspond to each other, thereby forming a first-level electric field.

[0061] In practical applications, the number of stages of the tiered electric field can be selected according to the difficulty of sorting charged particles. For example, the number of cavities is 3, and the number of pairs of graded electrode plates 17 is 3, thus forming a three-stage tiered electric field.

[0062] In order to achieve adjustable angle of the tiered electric field, the aforementioned graded electrode plates 17 are inclined and rotatably connected to the outer casing 18. For example, the upper end of the graded electrode plates 17 is rotatably connected to the outer casing 18, and in each pair of graded electrode plates 17, the two graded electrode plates 17 are inclined in opposite directions and symmetrically arranged. In this way, by rotating the graded electrode plates 17, the tilt angle of the graded electrode plates 17 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the distance between the pair of graded electrode plates 17 and the generated voltage, wherein the voltage range is 25 to 85 kV.

[0063] In order to adjust the arrangement position and method of the collection tank 20 according to the movement and displacement of charged particles, the structure of the collection tank 20 specifically includes a tank body and a partition. The internal space of the tank body is divided into multiple collection tanks 20 by the partition. The partition is slidably and detachably connected to the tank wall. By adjusting the relative position of the partition and the tank body, the position of the corresponding collection tank 20 can be changed, thereby adjusting the arrangement position and method of the collection tank 20 according to the movement and displacement of charged particles.

[0064] Specifically, the sorting method of the electrostatic separation device based on the above structure includes the following steps:

[0065] Step 1: Set the threshold of the smoke concentration detection controller 7 according to the required surface modifier concentration of the particles to be selected;

[0066] Add the surface modifier to the atomizer 11, adjust the opening ratio of the voltage regulator plate 13 to zero, turn on the atomizer 11, and atomize the surface modifier.

[0067] Once the reading of the smoke concentration detection controller 7 on the inner wall of the storage chamber 14 reaches the set reagent concentration, close the discharge regulating component at the discharge end of the feed pipe 3 and the air outlet regulating component 21 at the discharge port of the air supply pipe 6, turn on the fan, and open the opening rate of the pressure stabilizing plate 13 to the maximum.

[0068] Once the smoke concentration detection controller 7 at the outlet of the air supply duct 6 reaches the set agent concentration threshold, the air outlet regulating component 21 at the outlet of the air supply duct 6 is opened.

[0069] Adjust the opening ratio of the pressure stabilizing plate 13 according to the flow meter reading to stabilize the pressure drop and airflow in the air supply duct 6. Then set the voltage of each graded electrode plate 17, start the power supply, and turn on the rotary motor 8 after the voltage stabilizes. After the rotary shaft 9 reaches a stable rotation state, set the frequency of the vibrating feeder 2's exciter.

[0070] Open the feed adjustment piece 5 at the discharge end of the feed pipe 3 and start the vibrating feeder 2;

[0071] The selected particles slide down the feed pipe 3 into the air supply pipe 6. Inside the air supply pipe 6, they are fully mixed and modified by the stable and uniform airflow and the atomized surface modifier.

[0072] Step 2: The modified particles are carried by the airflow into the triboelectric charging cylinder 16. Under the action of the high-speed rotating friction needle wheel 12, the particles are fully dispersed and fully charged after colliding and rubbing with the rotating friction needle wheel 12, thus obtaining charged particles.

[0073] Charged particles fall onto the umbrella-shaped spreader 15, and under the action of the rotating spiral blades 152, they are evenly spread through the bottom of the inverted cone and fall into the electrostatic sorting unit.

[0074] Step 3: In the gradient electric field, positively charged particles deflect towards the negative plate in the graded electrode plate 17, and negatively charged particles deflect towards the positive plate in the graded electrode plate 17. Charged particles with a large mass-to-charge ratio are deflected in advance into the collection groove 20 of the first-stage electrode plate under the action of the electric field force, while charged particles with a small charge-to-mass ratio continue to move downwards and enter the next stage of electric field deflection, separation and collection, finally realizing the separation of particles with different charge-to-mass ratios.

[0075] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrostatic separation device, characterized in that, Includes triboelectric charging cylinders and electrostatic sorting units; The triboelectric charging cylinder includes a medium cylinder, a rotary motor, a rotary shaft, a rotary friction pinwheel, and an umbrella surface spreader; the rotary shaft, the rotary friction pinwheel, and the umbrella surface spreader are located inside the medium cylinder; one end of the rotary shaft is fixedly connected to the rotary motor, and the other end passes through the rotary friction pinwheel and is fixedly connected to the umbrella surface spreader; the rotary motor drives the rotary friction pinwheel and the spreader to rotate around the rotary shaft through the rotary shaft. The outlet of the medium cylinder is connected to the inlet of the electrostatic separation unit; The rotating friction needle wheel includes multiple charged layers arranged axially along the rotation axis, with gaps between adjacent charged layers. Each charged layer includes multiple needles arranged radially around the rotation axis, with gaps between each needle. The umbrella-shaped material dispenser includes a fixed disk and multiple spiral blades arranged circumferentially along the fixed disk; the spiral blades are inclined clockwise or counterclockwise relative to the radial direction of the fixed disk to form an umbrella shape. The electrostatic sorting unit includes a housing, multiple collection tanks, and multiple pairs of grading electrode plates. The end of the housing facing the medium cylinder is open, and the opening is located below the medium cylinder with a gap from the outlet of the medium cylinder. The collection tanks are located at the bottom of the housing, and the grading electrode plates are located on the inner wall of the housing. One end of the grading electrode plate is electrically connected to a power source, and the other end is grounded. The multiple pairs of grading electrode plates are arranged sequentially along the direction gradually moving away from the outlet of the medium cylinder, and the electric field force generated gradually increases.

2. The electrostatic separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The medium cylinder includes a cylindrical cylinder and an inverted conical cylinder connected sequentially from top to bottom. The inlet of the medium cylinder is located on the side wall of the cylindrical cylinder, and the outlet of the medium cylinder is located at the bottom end of the conical cylinder.

3. The electrostatic separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rotating shaft, rotating friction pinwheel, and umbrella surface spreader are all located inside a cylindrical tube.

4. The electrostatic separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple needle seedlings are evenly distributed.

5. The electrostatic separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axis of each needle is perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

6. The electrostatic separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, There is a gap between the tip of the needle and the inner wall of the medium tube.

7. The electrostatic separation device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The materials of the umbrella-shaped spreader, the rotating friction pinwheel, and the medium cylinder are the same.

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