A perforating, fracturing, and isolation integrated tool

Abstract

The application provides a perforating, fracturing and sealing integrated tool, which comprises an upper joint, a connecting sleeve, an inner sliding sleeve, a sliding sleeve, a gun seat, a gun, a piston cylinder, an outer sleeve, a central tube, an elastic member, an expansion mechanism and a lower joint, wherein the lower end of the upper joint is connected with the upper end of the gun seat, the lower end of the gun seat is connected with the upper end of the outer sleeve, the upper part of the outer sleeve is connected with the upper part of the central tube, and the lower end of the central tube is connected with the middle part of the lower joint. The perforating, fracturing and sealing integrated tool integrates the gun, the sandblasting sliding sleeve, the sealing mechanism and the anchoring mechanism; one-time ball throwing can realize sandblasting perforation, rubber expansion sealing, slip anchoring and sandblasting sliding sleeve opening and other operations.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of well completion engineering of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs such as oil and gas, and particularly relates to a perforating, fracturing and isolating integrated tool. BACKGROUND

[0002] The main technologies capable of achieving large displacement construction in the development of tight gas include coiled tubing with bottom packer drag fracturing technology and bridge plug perforating combined fracturing technology.

[0003] The coiled tubing with bottom packer drag fracturing technology is mainly pumped through the annulus between the coiled tubing and the casing, which is affected by the inner diameter of the coiled tubing and the nozzle of the perforating gun, and the construction displacement is subject to certain constraints. The coiled tubing equipment is required to cooperate during the construction process, and the production string needs to be lowered under pressure after the construction is completed, which results in long construction time and high construction cost.

[0004] The bridge plug perforating combined fracturing technology can fully utilize the wellbore for large displacement construction, but the perforating equipment is required to cooperate during the construction process, and the production string needs to be lowered under pressure after the construction is completed, which results in long construction time and high construction cost. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present application aims to provide a perforating, fracturing and isolating integrated tool, which can reduce the construction time and construction cost.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution provided by the present application is as follows:

[0007] A perforating, fracturing and isolating integrated tool, comprising an upper joint, a connecting sleeve, an inner sliding sleeve, a sliding sleeve, a gun seat, a gun, a piston cylinder, an outer sleeve, a center pipe, an elastic member, an expansion mechanism and a lower joint,

[0008] wherein the lower end of the upper joint is connected to the upper end of the gun seat, the lower end of the gun seat is connected to the upper end of the outer sleeve, the upper part of the outer sleeve is connected to the upper part of the center pipe, and the lower end of the center pipe is connected to the middle part of the lower joint,

[0009] The connecting sleeve is fixed in the axial space of the upper joint and the gun seat, and an inner sliding sleeve cavity is formed between the connecting sleeve and the inner wall of the upper joint and the gun seat. The inner sliding sleeve is located in the inner sliding sleeve cavity and can slide in the inner sliding sleeve cavity;

[0010] A first sand blasting hole is provided on the connecting sleeve, and a second sand blasting hole is provided on the upper joint. The first sand blasting hole and the second sand blasting hole can be connected or disconnected with the sliding of the inner sliding sleeve;

[0011] The outer diameter of the upper end of the sliding sleeve is matched with the inner diameter of the lower part of the connecting sleeve and the inner diameter of the lance seat, the lower part of the sliding sleeve is connected with the central pipe through the elastic member, the lance is installed on the lance seat and the lance nozzle faces the sliding sleeve, and the sliding sleeve can be displaced up and down to block the lance nozzle or connect the lance nozzle to the axial space;

[0012] The piston cylinder is arranged between the outer sleeve and the central pipe, the piston cylinder is arranged below the expansion mechanism, and the piston cylinder is movable downward relative to the central pipe to drive the expansion mechanism to expand.

[0013] Further, the upper part of the connecting sleeve is provided with an upper pressure transmission hole, the lower part of the connecting sleeve is provided with a lower pressure transmission hole, the length of the inner sliding sleeve is less than the length of the inner sliding sleeve cavity, so that the inner sliding sleeve and the upper part of the inner sliding sleeve cavity form a first air cavity, and the inner sliding sleeve and the lower part of the inner sliding sleeve cavity form a second air cavity, the upper pressure transmission hole is communicated with the first air cavity, and the lower pressure transmission hole is communicated with the second air cavity.

[0014] Further, the expansion mechanism comprises an inflation sealing assembly for inflation sealing by extrusion of the piston cylinder and / or a slip assembly for outward expansion by extrusion of the piston cylinder.

[0015] Further, the inflation sealing assembly comprises a rubber tube and a cone seat, the rubber tube is located below the piston cylinder and above the cone seat.

[0016] Further, the slip assembly comprises a cone, a slip and a slip seat, the cone is located below the cone seat, and the slip is located below the cone and above the slip seat.

[0017] Further, a first liquid inlet hole is formed in the sliding sleeve, a second liquid inlet hole is formed in the central pipe, a third air cavity is formed between the upper end of the piston cylinder, the outer sleeve and the central pipe, the second liquid inlet hole is communicated with the third air cavity, and the first liquid inlet hole is communicated with the second liquid inlet hole.

[0018] Further, an upper joint shear pin is installed on the upper joint, a blind hole for accommodating the upper joint shear pin is arranged on the outer wall of the inner sliding sleeve, and the inner sliding sleeve and the upper joint are fixedly and detachably connected through the upper joint shear pin.

[0019] A piston cylinder shear pin is installed on the piston cylinder, a blind hole for accommodating the piston cylinder shear pin is arranged on the central pipe, and the central pipe and the piston cylinder are fixedly and detachably connected through the piston cylinder shear pin.

[0020] A central pipe shear pin is installed on the central pipe, a blind hole for accommodating the central pipe shear pin is arranged on the sliding sleeve, and the sliding sleeve and the central pipe are fixedly and detachably connected through the central pipe shear pin.

[0021] Further, a check lock ring is installed on the piston cylinder, a central pipe groove is arranged on the central pipe, the central pipe groove is used for engaging the check lock ring on the piston cylinder, and then the check lock ring is locked to the central pipe.

[0022] Furthermore, a locking block is installed on the central tube, and a sliding groove is provided on the sliding sleeve. The sliding groove is used to accommodate the locking block on the central tube and limit the range of motion of the locking block.

[0023] Furthermore, a first open locking ring is installed on the spray gun holder, and an inner sliding sleeve is provided with an inner sliding sleeve locking ring groove for engaging the first open locking ring. The inner sliding sleeve can be locked to the spray gun holder by the first open locking ring. A second open locking ring is installed on the spray gun holder, and a sliding sleeve is provided with a sliding sleeve locking ring groove for engaging the second open locking ring. The sliding sleeve can be locked to the spray gun holder by the second open locking ring.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0025] This invention provides an integrated perforation, fracturing, and packer tool that integrates a spray gun, sandblasting sleeve, sealing mechanism, and anchoring mechanism into one unit. A single ball drop can achieve sandblasting perforation, sleeve expansion sealing, slip anchoring, and sandblasting sleeve opening. When constructing a specific layer, the integrated tool sleeve for that layer expands, while the sleeves above that layer remain in their initial state, enabling high-volume pumping of tubing, tubing, and casing annulus. If sand blockage occurs during construction, both forward and reverse well washing operations can be performed. The integrated tool connects to the tubing to form a construction string, simplifying operation. After being lowered to the designed position, a single ball drop can achieve packer setting, perforation, and mixed-injection fracturing of the construction layer. After construction, the construction string can be directly used as a production string, reducing construction time and costs. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This shows a cross-sectional view of the integrated perforation, fracturing, and sealing tool of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2A This shows a cross-sectional view of the integrated perforation, fracturing, and sealing tool of the present invention under conditions where the pressure remains unchanged during ball loading;

[0028] Figure 2B This shows a cross-sectional view of the integrated perforation, fracturing, and sealing tool of the present invention in the case of ball-throwing pressure shearing the piston cylinder shear pin;

[0029] Figure 3A This shows a cross-sectional view of the integrated perforation, fracturing, and sealing tool of the present invention in the case of ball-throwing, pressure-inflating, sealing, and anchoring slips.

[0030] Figure 3B This is a cross-sectional view showing the integrated perforation, fracturing, and sealing tool of the present invention under the condition of ball throwing, pressure compression, and the dropping of the locking block;

[0031] Figure 4 This shows a cross-sectional view of the integrated perforation, fracturing, and sealing tool of the present invention in the case of ball-feeding pressure blasting perforation;

[0032] Figure 5 This shows a cross-sectional view of the integrated perforation, fracturing, and sealing tool of the present invention in the case of the lower pressure transmission hole of the ball-throwing pressure-blocking connecting sleeve;

[0033] Figure 6 This shows a cross-sectional view of the integrated perforation, fracturing, and sealing tool of the present invention during ball-drop pressure fracturing operations. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0035] This invention provides an integrated tool for perforation, fracturing, and sealing, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the assembly includes an upper connector 1, a connecting sleeve 2, an inner sliding sleeve 3, a sliding sleeve 4, a spray gun holder 5, a spray gun 6, a piston cylinder 7, an outer sleeve 8, a central tube 9, an elastic element, an expansion mechanism, and a lower connector 15. The lower end of the upper connector 1 is connected to the upper end of the spray gun holder 5, the lower end of the spray gun holder 5 is connected to the upper end of the outer sleeve 8, the upper part of the outer sleeve 8 is connected to the upper part of the central tube 9, and the lower end of the central tube 9 is connected to the middle part of the lower connector 15. The spray gun 6 is a high-speed jet spray gun.

[0036] The connecting sleeve 2 is fixed within the axial space of the upper connector 1 and the spray gun seat 5, and an inner sliding cavity is formed between the connecting sleeve 2 and the inner walls of the upper connector 1 and the spray gun seat 5. The inner sliding sleeve 3 is located within the inner sliding cavity and can slide within it. The connecting sleeve 2 is provided with a first sandblasting hole B1, and the upper connector 1 is provided with a second sandblasting hole B2. As the inner sliding sleeve 3 slides, the first sandblasting hole B1 and the second sandblasting hole B2 can be connected or disconnected. The outer diameter of the upper end of the sliding sleeve 4 is adapted to the inner diameter of the lower part of the connecting sleeve 2 and the inner diameter of the spray gun seat 5. The lower part of the sliding sleeve 4 is connected to the central tube 9 through an elastic element. The spray gun 6 is mounted on the spray gun seat 5 with the nozzle facing the sliding sleeve 4. The sliding sleeve 4 can move up and down to block or connect the nozzle to the axial space. The piston cylinder 7 is located between the outer sleeve 8 and the central tube 9. An expansion mechanism is provided below the piston cylinder 7. The piston cylinder 7 can move downward relative to the central tube 9 to push the expansion mechanism to expand.

[0037] The upper part of the connecting sleeve 2 is provided with an upper pressure hole A1, and the lower part is provided with a lower pressure hole A2. The length of the inner sliding sleeve 3 is less than the length of the inner sliding sleeve cavity, so that the inner sliding sleeve 3 and the upper part of the inner sliding sleeve cavity form a first air cavity 33, and the inner sliding sleeve 3 and the lower part of the inner sliding sleeve cavity form a second air cavity 34. The upper pressure hole A1 is connected to the first air cavity 33, and the lower pressure hole A2 is connected to the second air cavity 34.

[0038] The sliding sleeve 4 has a first liquid inlet C1, and the central tube 9 has a second liquid inlet C2. A third air chamber 74 is formed between the upper end of the piston cylinder 7, the outer sleeve 8, and the central tube 9. The second liquid inlet C2 is connected to the third air chamber 74, and the first liquid inlet C1 can be connected to the second liquid inlet C2.

[0039] The expansion mechanism includes an expansion sealing assembly that achieves expansion sealing by compression via piston cylinder 7, and / or a slip assembly that achieves outward expansion by compression via piston cylinder. The expansion sealing assembly includes a rubber sleeve 10 and a cone seat 11, with the rubber sleeve 10 located below piston cylinder 7 and above cone seat 11.

[0040] The slip assembly includes a cone 12, a slip 13, and a slip seat 14. The cone 12 is located below the cone seat 11, and the slip 13 is located below the cone 12 and above the slip seat 14.

[0041] The expansion mechanism consists of a rubber sleeve 10, a cone seat 11, a cone 12, a slip 13, and a slip seat 14, which are sequentially fitted around the center tube 9 and between the piston cylinder 7 and the lower connector 15. The lower end of the cone seat 11 is connected to the upper end of the cone 12, and the lower end of the slip seat 14 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the lower connector 15.

[0042] Referring to the accompanying drawings, and taking the left, right, top, and bottom of the plane shown in the drawings as references, the orientation and relative positions of the components of the integrated perforation, fracturing, and sealing tool of the present invention will be described.

[0043] The upper connector 1 is approximately cylindrical in shape and has an upper connector axis X, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the direction of the upper connector axis X is vertical. The upper inner side of the upper connector 1 is provided with threads for connection. The upper part of the upper connector 1 forms a cup-like space, and the inner wall of the upper connector 1 is provided with a step away from the upper connector axis X. An upper connector groove is provided on the inner wall of the upper connector 1 adjacent to the step, and the upper connector groove is circumferentially arranged along the inner wall of the upper connector 1. An upper connector sealing ring 16 can be provided in the upper connector groove. Below the upper connector groove, a second sandblasting hole B2 symmetrical about the upper connector axis X is provided on the upper connector 1. The number of second sandblasting holes B2 is even, and preferably the spacing between two adjacent second sandblasting holes B2 is equal. In other embodiments, the number of second sandblasting holes B2 can be odd, and they are circumferentially equidistant on the upper connector 1. Below the second sandblasting holes B2, an upper connector through hole symmetrical about the upper connector axis X is provided on the upper connector 1, and an upper connector shear pin 17 is installed in the upper connector through hole. The upper connector through holes are threaded through holes, and the number of upper connector through holes is even, preferably with equal spacing between adjacent upper connector through holes. In other embodiments, the number of upper connector through holes can be odd, and they are circumferentially equidistant on the upper connector 1. The number of upper connector through holes can be set according to the force that the upper connector shear pin 17 can withstand.

[0044] The spray gun holder 5 is approximately cylindrical in shape and has a spray gun holder axis that coincides with the axis X of the upper connector. The inner side of the upper end of the spray gun holder 5 is threadedly connected to the outer side of the lower end of the upper connector 1. A first open locking ring groove is provided on the inner wall of the upper end of the spray gun holder 5. The first open locking ring groove is circumferentially arranged along the inner wall of the spray gun holder 5 and is used to install a first open locking ring 51. The first open locking ring 51 is used to lock the inner sliding sleeve 3 onto the spray gun holder 5 during the movement of the inner sliding sleeve 3. The first open locking ring 51 is preferably a C-type locking ring. On the inner wall of the spray gun holder 5, below the first opening locking ring 51, from top to bottom, are respectively provided a first spray gun holder groove adjacent to the inner sliding sleeve 3, a second spray gun holder groove adjacent to the connecting sleeve 2, and a third spray gun holder groove adjacent to the central tube 9. The first, second, and third spray gun holder grooves are respectively arranged circumferentially along the inner wall of the spray gun holder 5. A first spray gun holder sealing ring 52, a second spray gun holder sealing ring 53, and a third spray gun holder sealing ring 54 can be respectively arranged in the first, second, and third spray gun holder grooves. A step is provided on the inner wall of the middle part of the spray gun holder 5, away from the axis of the spray gun holder, i.e., the axis X of the upper connector. The step of the spray gun holder 5 is aligned with the step of the upper connector 1 in a direction parallel to the axis X of the upper connector. On the spray gun holder 5, between the second and third spray gun holder grooves, from top to bottom, is a spray gun through hole and a second opening locking ring groove. The spray gun through holes are symmetrical about the spray gun base axis, i.e., the upper connector axis X. These holes are used to install the spray gun 6, with the nozzle of the spray gun 6 facing the sliding sleeve 4. When the sliding sleeve 4 slides downwards, it allows the spray gun 6 to pass through, enabling sandblasting and perforation. The number of spray gun through holes is even, preferably with equal spacing between adjacent holes. In other embodiments, the number of spray gun through holes can be odd, circumferentially equidistant on the spray gun base 5. A second opening locking ring groove is circumferentially arranged along the inner wall of the spray gun base 5. This groove is used to install a second opening locking ring 55, preferably a C-shaped locking ring.

[0045] The connecting sleeve 2 is cylindrical in shape and has a connecting sleeve axis that coincides with the upper connector axis X. On the connecting sleeve 2, from top to bottom, there are symmetrically arranged upper pressure holes A1, first sandblasting holes B1, and lower pressure holes A2 about the connecting sleeve axis, i.e., the upper connector axis X. The upper pressure holes A1 and the corresponding lower pressure holes A2 are aligned in a direction parallel to the connecting sleeve axis, i.e., the upper connector axis X, and have the same diameter. In other embodiments, the diameters of the upper pressure holes A1 and lower pressure holes A2 may be different, or the upper pressure holes A1 and the corresponding lower pressure holes A2 may be staggered in a direction parallel to the connecting sleeve axis, i.e., the upper connector axis X. The number of upper pressure holes A1 and lower pressure holes A2 is even and the same; preferably, the distance between two adjacent upper pressure holes A1 and the distance between two adjacent lower pressure holes A2 are equal. In other embodiments, the number of upper pressure holes A1 and lower pressure holes A2 may be odd and the same, and they are circumferentially equidistantly located on the connecting sleeve 2. The number and diameter of the first sandblasting holes B1 are the same as the number and diameter of the second sandblasting holes B2 on the upper connector 1, and the first sandblasting holes B1 and the corresponding second sandblasting holes B2 are aligned in a radial direction perpendicular to the axis of the connecting sleeve, i.e., the axis X of the upper connector. Under normal conditions, the first sandblasting holes B1 and the second sandblasting holes B2 are disconnected from the upper connector 1 and the spray gun seat 5 by the inner sliding sleeve 3 between the connecting sleeve 2 and the threaded connection. When the inner sliding sleeve 3 slides down, the first sandblasting holes B1 and the second sandblasting holes B2 can be connected.

[0046] The inner sleeve 3 is cylindrical in shape and has an inner sleeve axis that coincides with the upper connector axis X. The inner sleeve 3 is located between the connecting sleeve 2 and the threaded upper connector 1 and spray gun seat 5 within the axial space of the upper connector 1 and spray gun seat 5. On the inner wall of the inner sleeve 3, there are upper and lower grooves, which are circumferentially arranged along the inner wall of the inner sleeve 3. Upper and lower sealing rings 31 and 32 can be respectively installed in the upper and lower grooves. On the outer wall of the inner sleeve 3, between the upper and lower grooves, there are inner sleeve locking ring grooves and blind holes arranged from top to bottom. The inner sleeve locking ring groove is an annular groove circumferentially arranged along the outer wall of the inner sleeve 3, and it engages the first open locking ring 51 on the spray gun seat 5 when the inner sleeve 3 slides down. When the inner sliding sleeve locking ring groove engages with the first open locking ring 51, the top end of the inner sliding sleeve 3 is located below the first sandblasting hole B1 on the connecting sleeve 2 and the second sandblasting hole B2 on the upper connector 1, and the first sandblasting hole B1 and the second sandblasting hole B2 are connected. The inner sliding sleeve blind hole is used to accommodate the protruding part of the upper connector shear pin 17 on the upper connector 1. The number and diameter of the inner sliding sleeve blind holes are preferably the same as the number and diameter of the upper connector through holes on the upper connector 1, and the inner sliding sleeve blind holes and the corresponding upper connector through holes on the upper connector 1 are aligned in a radial direction perpendicular to the inner sliding sleeve axis, i.e., the upper connector axis X. The inner sliding sleeve 3 and the upper connector 1 can be detachably fixedly connected by the upper connector shear pin 17. Under normal conditions, the inner sliding sleeve 3 is located between the upper pressure hole A1 and the lower pressure hole A2 of the connecting sleeve 2 in a direction parallel to the upper connector axis X. The upper pressure hole A1 and the lower pressure hole A2 are connected, and the two ends of the inner sliding sleeve 3 are balanced by forces. The inner sleeve 3 can only be opened if one of the upper pressure hole A1 and the lower pressure hole A2 is blocked and the other is under force.

[0047] The outer sleeve 8 is approximately cylindrical in shape and has an outer sleeve axis that coincides with the upper connector axis X. The outer upper end of the outer sleeve 8 is threaded to the inner lower end of the spray gun holder 5. A circumferential sealing ring 81 is provided near the spray gun holder 5 at the connection between the outer sleeve 8 and the spray gun holder 5, tightly fitting the inner wall of the spray gun holder 5. On the inner wall of the outer sleeve 8, from top to bottom, there are an upper outer sleeve groove adjacent to the central tube 9 and a lower outer sleeve groove adjacent to the piston cylinder 7, respectively. The upper and lower outer sleeve grooves are respectively arranged circumferentially along the inner wall of the outer sleeve 8. An upper outer sleeve groove sealing ring 82 and a lower outer sleeve groove sealing ring 83 can be provided in the upper and lower outer sleeve grooves, respectively. On the inner wall of the outer sleeve 8, below the upper outer sleeve groove, there is a thread for the threaded connection between the outer sleeve 8 and the central tube 9. The inner upper part of the outer sleeve 8 is threaded to the outer upper part of the central tube 9.

[0048] The piston cylinder 7 is approximately cylindrical in shape and has a piston cylinder axis that coincides with the upper connector axis X. The piston cylinder 7 is fitted to both the outer sleeve 8 and the central tube 9, and is located between them. A piston cylinder through-hole is provided on the piston cylinder 7, symmetrical about the piston cylinder axis, i.e., the upper connector axis X. A piston cylinder shear pin 71 is installed in the piston cylinder through-hole. The piston cylinder through-hole is a threaded through-hole, and the number of piston cylinder through-holes is even; preferably, the distance between two adjacent piston cylinder through-holes is equal. In other embodiments, the number of piston cylinder through-holes can be odd, and they are circumferentially equidistant on the piston cylinder 7. The number of piston cylinder through-holes can be set according to the force that the piston cylinder shear pin 71 can withstand. A check lock ring groove is provided on the inner wall of the piston cylinder 7 below the piston cylinder through-hole, and the check lock ring groove is circumferentially arranged along the inner wall of the piston cylinder 7. The check lock ring groove is used to install a check lock ring 72, which can lock the piston cylinder 7 onto the central tube 9 during the downward movement of the piston cylinder 7. On the inner wall of piston cylinder 7, below the check ring groove, a lower piston cylinder groove is provided. The lower piston cylinder groove is circumferentially arranged along the inner wall of piston cylinder 7, and a lower piston cylinder sealing ring 73 can be provided in the lower piston cylinder groove. In another embodiment, on the inner wall of piston cylinder 7, between the piston cylinder through hole and the check ring groove, an upper piston cylinder groove is provided. The upper piston cylinder groove is circumferentially arranged along the inner wall of piston cylinder 7, and an upper piston cylinder sealing ring 75 (e.g., ...) can be provided in the upper piston cylinder groove. Figure 4 (As shown).

[0049] The central tube 9 is approximately cylindrical in shape and has a central tube axis that coincides with the upper connector axis X. From top to bottom, the central tube 9 is provided with a central tube shear pin through-hole, a second liquid inlet hole C2, and a locking block through-hole, symmetrical about the central tube axis (i.e., the upper connector axis X). The central tube shear pin through-hole is a threaded through-hole, in which a central tube shear pin 91 is installed. The locking block through-hole is used to install a locking block 92. The number of central tube shear pin through-holes, the second liquid inlet hole C2, and the locking block through-hole is even. Preferably, the spacing between two adjacent central tube shear pin through-holes, the spacing between two adjacent second liquid inlet holes C2, and the spacing between two adjacent locking block through-holes are all equal. In other embodiments, the number of central tube shear pin through-holes, the second liquid inlet hole C2, and the locking block through-hole can be odd, and they are circumferentially equidistant on the central tube 9. On the outer wall of the central tube 9, between the second inlet hole C2 and the locking block 92, there is a central tube blind hole symmetrical about the central tube axis, i.e., the upper connector axis X. The central tube blind hole is used to accommodate the protruding part of the piston cylinder shear pin 71 on the piston cylinder 7, through which the central tube 9 and the piston cylinder 7 can be detachably and fixedly connected. The number and diameter of the central tube blind holes are preferably the same as the number and diameter of the piston cylinder through holes on the piston cylinder 7, and the central tube blind holes and the corresponding piston cylinder through holes on the piston cylinder 7 are aligned in a radial direction perpendicular to the central tube axis, i.e., the upper connector axis X. On the outer wall of the central tube 9, below the locking block 92, there is a central tube groove 93. The central tube groove 93 is circumferentially arranged along the outer wall of the central tube 9 and has threads. The central tube groove 93 is used to engage the check lock ring 72 on the piston cylinder 7. The check lock ring 72 can move within the central tube groove 93 and be threaded and locked, thereby locking onto the central tube 9. When piston cylinder 7 moves downward, the top of piston cylinder 7 can be positioned below the locking block through hole, thus exposing locking block 92 to the third air chamber 74. A central tube groove is provided below the central tube groove 93 on the inner wall of the central tube 9 for fixing the elastic element. A thread for connection is provided on the outer side of the lower end of the central tube 9.

[0050] Outside the central tube 9, below the piston cylinder 7, a rubber sleeve 10, a conical seat 11, a cone 12, a slip 13, and a slip seat 14 are sequentially mounted from top to bottom. The conical seats 11, 12, and 14 are approximately cylindrical in shape and each has a conical seat axis, a cone axis, and a slip seat axis that coincide with the upper connector axis X, respectively. The lower inner end of the conical seat 11 can be threaded to the upper outer end of the cone 12 below. A conical seat groove is provided on the inner wall of the conical seat 11. The conical seat groove is circumferentially arranged along the inner wall of the conical seat 11, and a conical seat sealing ring 20 can be installed within the conical seat groove. A slip blind hole is provided on the outer wall of the slip 13, and a spring 21 for fixing the slip 13 is installed in the slip blind hole. The number of slips 13, slip blind holes, and springs 21 are equal and they are equidistantly arranged between the cone 12 and the slip seat 14 along the outer wall of the central tube 9. A symmetrical groove for the upper connector (X) is provided on the outer wall of the slip seat 14. The lower connector 15 is approximately cylindrical and has a lower connector axis that coincides with the upper connector axis (X). A lower connector groove is provided on the inner wall of the lower connector 15 adjacent to the central tube 9, and the groove is circumferentially arranged along the inner wall of the lower connector 15. A lower connector sealing ring 22 can be installed within the lower connector groove. A threaded through-hole for fixing pins is provided symmetrically with respect to the lower connector axis (X) of the upper connector. Fixing pins 23 pass through the fixing pin through-holes and enter the slip seat groove of the slip seat 14, thus fixing the slip seat 14 and the lower connector 15 together. The number of fixing pin through-holes is the same as the number of slip seat grooves, and the number is even. Preferably, the spacing between two adjacent fixing pin through-holes and the spacing between two adjacent slip seat grooves are equal. In other embodiments, the number of fixing pin through holes is the same as the number of slip seat grooves, and the number is odd. The fixing pin through holes are circumferentially equidistant on the lower connector 15, and the slip seat grooves are circumferentially equidistant on the slip seat 14. The fixing pin through holes and the corresponding slip seat grooves are aligned in a radial direction perpendicular to the lower connector axis, i.e., the upper connector axis X. A thread is provided on the inner side of the middle portion of the lower connector 15, and the outer side of the lower end of the central tube 9 is threadedly connected to the inner side of the middle portion of the lower connector 15. A thread for connection is provided on the outer wall of the lower end of the lower connector 15. When the rubber sleeve 10 is subjected to a downward force, the rubber sleeve 10 is compressed downward and expanded, and the force is transmitted downward through the cone seat 11 and the cone 12. The slip 13 is subjected to a downward force and, under the support of the slip seat 14, moves outward away from the central tube 9, while the spring 21 is compressed inward, thereby anchoring the slip 13.

[0051] The sliding sleeve 4 is adjacent to the connecting sleeve 2, the spray gun seat 5, and the central tube 9. The sliding sleeve 4 is approximately cylindrical in shape and has a sliding sleeve axis that coincides with the upper connector axis X. On the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 4, from top to bottom, there are a first sliding sleeve groove, a second sliding sleeve groove, a third sliding sleeve groove, and a fourth sliding sleeve groove, which are respectively arranged circumferentially along the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 4 and are used to place the first sliding sleeve sealing ring 41, the second sliding sleeve sealing ring 42, the third sliding sleeve sealing ring 43, and the fourth sliding sleeve sealing ring 44. On the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 4, between the first sliding sleeve groove and the second sliding sleeve groove, there are sliding sleeve blind holes and sliding sleeve locking ring grooves that are symmetrical about the sliding sleeve axis, i.e., the upper connector axis X. The sliding sleeve blind holes are used to accommodate the protruding part of the central tube shear pin 91 on the central tube 9, and the sliding sleeve 4 and the central tube 9 can be detachably and fixedly connected by the central tube shear pin 91. The number and diameter of the blind holes in the sliding sleeve are preferably the same as the number and diameter of the through holes in the central tube 9, and the blind holes in the sliding sleeve are aligned with the corresponding through holes in the central tube 9 in a radial direction perpendicular to the axis of the sliding sleeve, i.e., the axis X of the upper connector. A locking ring groove is circumferentially arranged along the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 4. During the sliding of the sliding sleeve 4 in a direction parallel to the axis of the sliding sleeve, i.e., the axis X of the upper connector, the locking ring groove engages with the second open locking ring 55 on the spray gun holder 5, thereby locking the sliding sleeve 4 onto the spray gun holder 5 through the second open locking ring 55. A first liquid inlet hole C1, symmetrical about the axis of the sliding sleeve, i.e., the axis X of the upper connector, is provided on the sliding sleeve 4 between the second and third sliding sleeve grooves. The number and diameter of the first liquid inlet holes C1 are preferably the same as the number and diameter of the second liquid inlet holes C2 on the central tube 9, and the first liquid inlet holes C1 are aligned with the corresponding second liquid inlet holes C2 on the central tube 9 in a direction parallel to the axis of the sliding sleeve, i.e., the axis X of the upper connector. When the sliding sleeve 4 slides downward, the first inlet hole C1 can communicate with the second inlet hole C2 on the central tube 9. The pressure inside the sliding sleeve 4 can be transmitted to the third air chamber 74 above the piston cylinder 7 through the first inlet hole C1 and the second inlet hole C2. On the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 4, a sliding sleeve groove 45 is provided between the third sliding sleeve groove and the fourth sliding sleeve groove, symmetrical about the sliding sleeve axis, i.e., the upper connector axis X. The protruding part of the locking block 92 on the central tube 9 is accommodated in the sliding sleeve groove 45 and can move along the sliding sleeve groove 45. The sliding sleeve groove 45 restricts the range of motion of the locking block 92. When the locking block 92 contacts the upper end of the sliding sleeve groove 45, the first inlet hole C1 communicates with the second inlet hole C2. The number of sliding sleeve grooves 45 is preferably the same as the number of locking block through holes on the central tube 9, and the sliding sleeve grooves 45 and the corresponding locking block through holes on the central tube 9 are aligned in a direction parallel to the sliding sleeve axis, i.e., the upper connector axis X.

[0052] The elastic element can be a spring component, mounted on the central tube 9 and located below the sliding sleeve 4. The spring component includes an axial spring 18 and an open-ring spring seat 19. The axial spring 18 is disposed in the cavity between the lower part of the sliding sleeve 4 and the central tube 9 and is located above and supported by the open-ring spring seat 19. The bottom edge of the open-ring spring seat 19 is received in a central tube groove on the central tube 9, thus the open-ring spring seat 19 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the central tube 9. The axial spring 18 is compressed under the action of a vertically downward force and moves upward after the vertically downward force is removed. When the sliding sleeve 4 is subjected to a downward force, the sliding sleeve 4 applies a downward force to the axial spring 18, and the axial spring 18 is compressed under the action of the downward force and the upward supporting force of the open-ring spring seat 19.

[0053] The method of using the integrated perforation, fracturing, and sealing tool of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the integrated tool) includes the following steps:

[0054] Step 1: Connect the integrated tool to the oil pipe. At this time, the inner sliding sleeve 3 is fixed to the upper connector 1 by the upper connector shear pin 17. The upper pressure transmission hole A1 and the lower pressure transmission hole A2 on the connecting sleeve 2 are connected, and the first air chamber 33 and the second air chamber 34 are connected. The inner sliding sleeve 3 is balanced by forces at both ends. The sliding sleeve 4 is fixed to the central tube 9 by the central tube shear pin 91. Lower the integrated tool to the construction position. At this time, the integrated tool is in the position shown in the image. Figure 1 The initial state is shown.

[0055] Step 2: Disconnect the sliding sleeve 4 from the central tube 9. The sliding sleeve 4 moves downward and stops. Insert the ball 24, which matches the construction layer at the construction location, into the integrated tool. Figure 2A As shown. When ball 24 falls onto sleeve 4, it applies a downward force to sleeve 4. The shear pin 91 in the central tube is sheared by the downward force of sleeve 4. The axial spring 18 of the compression spring component of sleeve 4 moves downward. When sleeve 4 moves to the point where the upper end of the sleeve groove 45 of sleeve 4 contacts the locking block 92 on the central tube 9, sleeve 4 is blocked by the locking block 92 and stops moving downward. At this time, the first liquid inlet C1 on sleeve 4 and the second liquid inlet C2 on the central tube 9 are connected, as shown. Figure 2B As shown.

[0056] Step 3: The piston cylinder 7 expands and seals the rubber sleeve 10 and the anchoring slip 13. Pressure continues to be applied, and the pressure is transmitted through the first liquid inlet C1 and the second liquid inlet C2 to the third air chamber 74, which in turn acts on the top of the piston cylinder 7, pushing the piston cylinder 7 downwards and shearing the piston cylinder shear pin 71. After shearing the piston cylinder shear pin 71, the piston cylinder 7 continues to move downwards under pressure. During this movement, the piston cylinder 7 pushes the rubber sleeve 10, the cone seat 11, the cone 12, and the slip 13 downwards. The rubber sleeve 10 is compressed and expands under pressure, transmitting pressure downwards. The cone seat 11 and the cone 12 move downwards under pressure. The slip 13 moves outwards under the downward pressure and the upward supporting force of the slip seat 14, thus achieving the expansion and sealing of the rubber sleeve 10 and the anchoring of the slip 13. Simultaneously, during the downward movement of piston cylinder 7, piston cylinder 7 drives check ring 72 to move downward in central tube groove 93. When rubber sleeve 10 is fully seated and slip 13 is fully anchored, the threaded lock ring 72 is tightened, thereby locking check ring 72 onto central tube 9 to prevent the expansion-sealed rubber sleeve 10 and anchored slip 13 from being released. Figure 3A As shown. When the check ring 72 locks onto the central tube 9, the piston cylinder 7 has moved downwards to the point where the locking block 92 protrudes from the central tube 9. This causes the piston cylinder 7 to release the travel of the locking block 92, and the locking block 92 loses its support. Under the pressure of the sliding sleeve 4, it falls into the third air chamber 74 above the piston cylinder 7, as shown. Figure 3B As shown.

[0057] Step 4, sandblasting and perforation operation. The sliding sleeve 4, no longer blocked by the locking block 92, continues to compress the axial spring 18 of the spring component under downward pressure, causing it to move downwards and expose the spray gun 6 on the spray gun holder 5. That is, the sliding sleeve 4 releases the spray gun 6, as... Figure 4 As shown, the construction layer at the construction location is sandblasted and perforated through the nozzle of spray gun 6.

[0058] Step 5: Seal the lower pressure transmission hole A2 on the connecting sleeve 2. After sandblasting, the pressure is released, and the sliding sleeve 4 loses the downward pressure at its upper end. Under the reaction force of the axial spring 18, it moves upward, sealing the spray gun 6 on the spray gun holder 5 and the lower pressure transmission hole A2 on the connecting sleeve 2. During the upward movement of the sliding sleeve 4, the sliding sleeve locking ring groove on the sliding sleeve 4 engages with the second open locking ring 55 on the spray gun holder 5, locking the sliding sleeve 4 onto the spray gun holder 5 through the second open locking ring 55. Figure 5 As shown.

[0059] Step 6: Open the inner sliding sleeve 3 for fracturing operation. Pressurize the tubing of the integrated tool. Due to the blockage of the lower pressure transmission hole A2 on the connecting sleeve 2, the pressure enters the first air chamber 33 through the upper pressure transmission hole A1 of the connecting sleeve 2, and then acts on the top of the inner sliding sleeve 3, pushing the inner sliding sleeve 3 downwards to shear the upper connector shear pin 17 on the upper connector 1. After shearing the upper connector shear pin 17, the inner sliding sleeve 3 continues to move downwards under pressure. When the inner sliding sleeve locking ring groove on the inner sliding sleeve 3 engages with the first open locking ring 51 on the spray gun seat 5, the inner sliding sleeve 3 is locked to the spray gun seat 5 through the first open locking ring 51, achieving a normally open state. At this time, the first sandblasting hole B1 on the connecting sleeve 2 is connected to the second sandblasting hole B2 on the upper connector 1. Figure 6 As shown. After the first blasting hole B1 and the second blasting hole B2 are connected, liquid can be pumped in through the tubing and the annulus of the tubing and casing to carry out high-volume fracturing operations.

[0060] The integrated tool for perforation, fracturing, and sealing of the present invention integrates a spray gun, a sandblasting sleeve, a sealing mechanism, and an anchoring mechanism into one unit; a single ball throw can achieve operations such as sandblasting perforation, rubber sleeve expansion sealing, slip anchoring, and sandblasting sleeve opening.

[0061] The integrated perforation, fracturing, and packing tool of this invention enables high-volume mixed injection of oil and casing during oil and gas well fracturing. The integrated tool, safety joint, and tubing are connected at designed positions to form a tubing string, which is placed inside the casing. When the tubing string is lowered to the predetermined position, all integrated tools on the string are in their initial state and correspond one-to-one with the construction layer. Following the sequence from the lowest to the highest construction layer, balls matching the integrated tool are sequentially inserted into the integrated tool corresponding to each construction layer to complete the rubber sleeve expansion sealing, slip anchoring, sandblasting perforation, and high-volume fracturing, thereby sequentially completing the fracturing construction of all construction layers. It offers the following advantages: The integrated tool, safety connector, and tubing together form a simple and easy-to-operate tubing string; pre-perforation is unnecessary, as perforation can be achieved using the built-in spray gun on the tubing string; a single ball drop allows for operations such as rubber sleeve expansion sealing, slip anchoring, sandblasting perforation, and inner sliding sleeve opening on the corresponding construction layer, resulting in high construction efficiency; the tubing and the tubing-casing annulus have access channels, enabling forward and reverse well washing to quickly and effectively remove sand blockages if sand blockage occurs during construction; when constructing a specific layer, the integrated tool rubber sleeve at that layer expands to seal, effectively isolating the constructed layer, while the rubber sleeve above the constructed layer remains in its initial state, allowing for high-volume pumping of the tubing and the tubing-casing annulus; after construction, the tubing string can be directly used as a production string, reducing construction time and costs.

[0062] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of implementation methods of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated tool for perforation, fracturing, and sealing, characterized in that, Includes upper connector, connecting sleeve, inner sliding sleeve, sliding sleeve, spray gun holder, spray gun, piston cylinder, outer sleeve, central tube, elastic element, expansion mechanism, and lower connector. The lower end of the upper connector is connected to the upper end of the spray gun holder, the lower end of the spray gun holder is connected to the upper end of the outer sleeve, the upper part of the outer sleeve is connected to the upper part of the central tube, and the lower end of the central tube is connected to the middle part of the lower connector. The connecting sleeve is fixed within the axial space of the upper connector and the spray gun seat, and an inner sliding cavity is formed between the connecting sleeve and the inner wall of the upper connector and the spray gun seat. The inner sliding sleeve is located within the inner sliding cavity and can slide within the inner sliding cavity. The connecting sleeve is provided with a first sandblasting hole, and the upper connector is provided with a second sandblasting hole. As the inner sliding sleeve slides, the first sandblasting hole and the second sandblasting hole can be connected or disconnected. The outer diameter of the upper end of the sliding sleeve is adapted to the inner diameter of the lower part of the connecting sleeve and the inner diameter of the spray gun seat. The lower part of the sliding sleeve is connected to the central tube through an elastic element. The spray gun is mounted on the spray gun seat with the spray gun nozzle facing the sliding sleeve. The sliding sleeve can move up and down to block the spray gun nozzle or connect it to the axial space. The piston cylinder is disposed between the outer sleeve and the central tube, and an expansion mechanism is disposed below the piston cylinder. The piston cylinder can move downward relative to the central tube to push the expansion mechanism to expand. The upper part of the connecting sleeve is provided with an upward pressure hole, and the lower part is provided with a downward pressure hole. The length of the inner sliding sleeve is less than the length of the inner sliding sleeve cavity, so that the inner sliding sleeve and the upper part of the inner sliding sleeve cavity form a first air cavity, and the inner sliding sleeve and the lower part of the inner sliding sleeve cavity form a second air cavity. The upward pressure hole is connected to the first air cavity, and the downward pressure hole is connected to the second air cavity. The sliding sleeve has a first liquid inlet hole, the central tube has a second liquid inlet hole, and a third air chamber is formed between the upper end of the piston cylinder, the outer sleeve and the central tube. The second liquid inlet hole is connected to the third air chamber, and the first liquid inlet hole can be connected to the second liquid inlet hole.

2. The integrated perforation, fracturing, and sealing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expansion mechanism includes an expansion sealing assembly that achieves expansion sealing by compression from the piston cylinder, and / or a slip assembly that achieves outward expansion by compression from the piston cylinder.

3. The integrated perforation, fracturing, and sealing tool according to claim 2, characterized in that, The expansion sealing assembly includes a rubber sleeve and a conical seat, the rubber sleeve being located below the piston cylinder and above the conical seat.

4. The integrated perforation, fracturing, and sealing tool according to claim 2, characterized in that, The slip assembly includes a cone, a slip, and a slip seat, wherein the cone is located below the cone seat, and the slip is located below the cone and above the slip seat.

5. The integrated perforation, fracturing, and sealing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, An upper connector shear pin is installed on the upper connector, and an inner sliding sleeve blind hole for accommodating the upper connector shear pin is provided on the outer wall of the inner sliding sleeve. The inner sliding sleeve and the upper connector are detachably and fixedly connected by the upper connector shear pin. A piston cylinder shear pin is installed on the piston cylinder, and a central tube blind hole is provided on the central tube for receiving the piston cylinder shear pin. The central tube and the piston cylinder are detachably and fixedly connected by the piston cylinder shear pin. A central tube shear pin is installed on the central tube, and a blind hole for accommodating the central tube shear pin is provided on the sliding sleeve. The sliding sleeve and the central tube are detachably and fixedly connected by the central tube shear pin.

6. The integrated perforation, fracturing, and sealing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, A check ring is installed on the piston cylinder, and a central tube groove is provided on the central tube. The central tube groove is used to engage the check ring on the piston cylinder, thereby locking the check ring onto the central tube.

7. The integrated perforation, fracturing, and sealing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, A locking block is installed on the central tube, and a sliding groove is provided on the sliding sleeve. The sliding groove is used to accommodate the locking block on the central tube and limit the range of motion of the locking block.

8. The integrated perforation, fracturing, and sealing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first open locking ring is installed on the spray gun holder, and an inner sliding sleeve is provided with an inner sliding sleeve locking ring groove for engaging the first open locking ring. The inner sliding sleeve can be locked to the spray gun holder by the first open locking ring. A second open locking ring is installed on the spray gun holder, and a sliding sleeve is provided with a sliding sleeve locking ring groove for engaging the second open locking ring. The sliding sleeve can be locked to the spray gun holder by the second open locking ring.

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