Antenna structure, packaged antenna, chip and electronic device

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna structure, a packaged antenna, a chip and an electronic device. The antenna structure comprises a ground plate, three radiation units and two feeding branches. The first radiation unit and the ground plate are arranged along the Z-axis and oppositely arranged. The first radiation unit and the second radiation unit are arranged along the X-axis. The first gap between the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit extends along the Y-axis. The third radiation unit and the second radiation unit are arranged along the Z-axis and oppositely arranged. At least a part of the first feeding branch is arranged in the first aperture. The first aperture comprises the space between the first gap and the ground plate. At least a part of the second feeding branch is arranged in the second aperture. The second aperture comprises the space between the second radiation unit and the third radiation unit. The present application provides an antenna structure, a packaged antenna, a chip and an electronic device. By multiplexing and co-constructing part of the antenna structure of the vertical antenna and the end-fire antenna, the area of the antenna structure can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna structure, packaged antenna, chip, and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] Antennas, as devices for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves, are an important component of electronic devices. In related technologies, to increase the radiation coverage of antennas within electronic devices, in addition to installing vertical antennas (broadside antennas, BR antennas), end-fire antennas (EF antennas) can also be installed. However, electronic devices such as mobile phones and tablets have extremely small side thicknesses. If vertical and end-fire antennas were installed independently, they would occupy a large amount of space and could not be placed on the side of the electronic device. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides an antenna structure, packaged antenna, chip, and electronic device. By reusing or co-constructing parts of the antenna structure of the vertical antenna and the end-fire antenna, the area of ​​the antenna structure can be reduced.

[0004] One embodiment of this application provides an antenna structure, including: a ground plane, a first radiating element, a second radiating element, a third radiating element, a first feed stub, and a second feed stub; the first radiating element and the ground plane are arranged at intervals along a virtual Z-axis and are positioned opposite each other, the first radiating element and the second radiating element are arranged at intervals along a virtual X-axis, a first gap between the first radiating element and the second radiating element extends along a virtual Y-axis, the third radiating element and the second radiating element are arranged at intervals along a virtual Z-axis and are positioned opposite each other, and the first radiating element, the second radiating element, and the third radiating element are respectively coupled to the ground plane; at least a portion of the first feed stub is disposed within a first aperture, the first aperture including the space between the first gap and the ground plane, at least a portion of the second feed stub is disposed within a second aperture, the second aperture including the space between the second radiating element and the third radiating element; wherein, the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis are perpendicular to each other.

[0005] This application provides an antenna structure in which a first feed stub, a first radiating element, and a second radiating element can realize the vertical polarization of a vertical antenna, and a second feed stub, a second radiating element, and a third radiating element can realize the vertical polarization of an end-fire antenna. By reusing and co-constructing parts of the vertical antenna and the end-fire antenna, the radiation pattern of the antenna structure can be either a vertical pattern or an end-fire pattern. Thus, the antenna structure can achieve a large radiation coverage range in a small area, thereby improving the antenna gain.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the first radiation unit includes a first radiator and a second radiator spaced apart along the Y-axis, with a second gap between the first and second radiators extending along the X-axis; the second radiation unit includes a third radiator and a fourth radiator spaced apart along the Y-axis, with a third gap between the third and fourth radiators extending along the X-axis; the third radiation unit includes a fifth radiator and a sixth radiator spaced apart along the Y-axis, with a fourth gap between the fifth and sixth radiators extending along the X-axis.

[0007] By setting each radiating unit as two parts separated by a gap, it is beneficial to arrange the position of the feed branch.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the antenna structure further includes a third feed stub, at least a portion of which is disposed within a third aperture, the third aperture including the space between the second gap and the ground plane.

[0009] The third feed stub, the first radiating element, and the second radiating element can form a horizontally polarized vertical antenna to achieve dual polarization of the vertical antenna, further increasing the radiation coverage of the antenna structure and improving the antenna gain. Moreover, the electric fields between the horizontal and vertical polarizations of the vertical antenna are orthogonal, and the dual-polarized vertical antenna has high isolation and can be operated simultaneously.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the antenna structure further includes a fourth radiating element and a fourth feed stub; the fourth radiating element is disposed between the third and second radiating elements and coupled to a ground plane, the fourth radiating element includes a seventh radiator and an eighth radiator, the seventh radiator being disposed between the third and fifth radiators, and the eighth radiator being disposed between the fourth and sixth radiators; the fourth feed stub includes a first feed structure and a second feed structure, the first feed structure being coupled to the seventh radiator, and the second feed structure being coupled to the eighth radiator.

[0011] The fourth radiating element and the fourth feed stub can form a horizontally polarized end-fire antenna to achieve dual polarization of the end-fire antenna, further increasing the radiation coverage of the antenna structure and improving the antenna gain. Moreover, the electric fields between the horizontal and vertical polarizations of the end-fire antenna are orthogonal, and the dual-polarized end-fire antenna has high isolation and can be operated simultaneously.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the antenna structure includes a first grounding unit, a second grounding unit, a third grounding unit, and a fourth grounding unit; the first grounding unit is connected between the first radiator and the ground plane, the second grounding unit is connected between the second radiator and the ground plane, the third grounding unit is connected between the third radiator and the ground plane, and the third grounding unit is connected to the end of the third radiator facing the first radiator; the fourth grounding unit is connected between the fourth radiator and the ground plane, and the fourth grounding unit is connected to the end of the fourth radiator facing the second radiator; a seventh radiator is connected to the third grounding unit, and an eighth radiator is connected to the fourth grounding unit.

[0013] The four radiators of the first and second radiating units are connected to the grounding plate through four grounding units respectively. The two radiators of the fourth radiating unit are indirectly grounded through the grounding unit corresponding to the second radiating unit. This allows for a compact arrangement of the grounding structure and improves space utilization.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the third grounding unit includes a first grounding wall and a second grounding wall, which are respectively connected to the third radiator at a first position and a second position. The first and second positions are arranged at intervals on the third radiator, wherein the first grounding wall is located on the side of the third radiator closer to the fourth radiator, the seventh radiator is connected to the first grounding wall, and a first switch is connected between the second grounding wall and the grounding plate; the fourth grounding unit includes a third grounding wall and a fourth grounding wall, which are respectively connected to the fourth radiator at a third position and a fourth position. The third and fourth positions are arranged at intervals on the fourth radiator, wherein the third grounding wall is located on the side of the fourth radiator closer to the third radiator, the eighth radiator is connected to the third grounding wall, and a second switch is connected between the fourth grounding wall and the grounding plate.

[0015] Both the third and fourth grounding units are set as two metal walls separated by a hollowed-out area to reduce unnecessary resonance. This also facilitates the setting of the first and second switches, allowing the switches to be used to control whether the second radiation unit is grounded, thereby switching between the vertical field pattern and the end-radiation field pattern.

[0016] When the antenna structure is in end-fire mode, the second radiating element is grounded by short-circuiting the first and second switches, thereby creating the boundary condition of minimum electric field on both sides of the vertically polarized radiating aperture of the end-fire antenna. When the antenna structure is in vertical mode, the main radiating aperture can be returned to the vertical antenna by opening the first and second switches. In one possible implementation, the antenna structure also includes a third switch and a fourth switch. The third switch is connected between the fifth and sixth radiators and is located at the end of the third radiating element away from the first radiating element. The fourth switch is connected between the third and fourth radiators and is located at the end of the second radiating element closer to the first radiating element.

[0017] When the antenna structure is in vertical mode, the third switch is short-circuited and the fourth switch is open-circuited; when the antenna structure is in end-fire mode, the third switch is open-circuited and the fourth switch is short-circuited, thereby achieving vertical and end-fire field pattern operation.

[0018] In one possible implementation, both the seventh and eighth radiators are arranged perpendicular to the ground plane. The first end of the seventh radiator is connected to the third grounding unit, and the second end of the seventh radiator extends toward the side away from the eighth radiator. The first end of the eighth radiator is connected to the fourth grounding unit, and the second end of the eighth radiator extends toward the side away from the seventh radiator.

[0019] This configuration maximizes the radiating aperture between the seventh and eighth radiators while minimizing the impact of the grounding of the fourth radiating element on the vertical antenna radiation pattern.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the first feed stub extends along the X-axis, and the projection of the first end of the first feed stub onto the XY plane lies within the projection of the second gap onto the XY plane, and the projection of the second end of the first feed stub onto the XY plane lies within the projection of the third gap onto the XY plane; the second feed stub extends along the Z-axis, and one end of the second feed stub is coupled to the second radiating element.

[0021] The first feed stub can span the first gap, exciting the first and second radiating elements to form vertically polarized radiation of the vertical antenna within the first aperture; the second feed stub can span the space between the second and third radiating elements in the Z direction, exciting the second and third radiating elements to form vertically polarized radiation of the end-fire antenna within the second aperture.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the first gap includes a first sub-gap and a second sub-gap, the first sub-gap being located between a first radiator and a third radiator, the second sub-gap being located between a second radiator and a fourth radiator, and a third feed stub extending along the Y-axis, the projection of the first end of the third feed stub onto the XY plane being located within the projection of the first sub-gap onto the XY plane, and the projection of the second end of the third feed stub onto the XY plane being located within the projection of the second sub-gap onto the XY plane.

[0023] The third feed stub can span the gap connecting the second and third gaps, and the third feed stub can excite the first and second radiation units to form horizontally polarized radiation within the third aperture.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the first grounding unit includes a first grounding segment, a second grounding segment, and a third grounding segment connected in sequence. The first grounding segment is connected to a first radiator, the third grounding segment is connected to a grounding plate, the first grounding segment and the third grounding segment extend along the Z-axis, and the second grounding segment extends along the XY plane.

[0025] By setting the grounding unit as a multi-segment bent structure, it is beneficial to reduce the height between the radiator and the ground plane while meeting the electrical length requirement, thereby reducing the overall size of the antenna structure.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the third grounding wall includes a fourth grounding section, a fifth grounding section, and a sixth grounding section connected in sequence. The fourth grounding section is connected to a fourth radiator, the sixth grounding section is connected to a grounding plate, the fourth and sixth grounding sections extend along the Z-axis, and the fifth grounding section extends along the XY plane.

[0027] By setting the grounding wall as a multi-segment bent structure, it is beneficial to reduce the height between the radiator and the ground plane while meeting the electrical length requirement, thereby reducing the overall size of the antenna structure.

[0028] In one possible implementation, the third radiating unit reuses part of the ground plane structure.

[0029] The third radiating element can be part of the ground plane to reduce the size of the antenna structure, while also facilitating the grounding design of the third radiating element.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the antenna structure includes a vertical antenna and an end-fire antenna. The vertical antenna includes a first radiating element, a second radiating element, a first feed stub, a third feed stub, and a ground plane. The end-fire antenna includes a second radiating element, a third radiating element, a fourth radiating element, a second feed stub, a fourth feed stub, and a ground plane.

[0031] The vertical antenna and the end-fire antenna share the second radiating element, the third grounding element, and the fourth grounding element. The second radiating element can serve as at least part of the radiator of both the vertical antenna and the end-fire antenna. The third radiating element can serve as the reference ground of the vertical antenna and the radiator of the end-fire antenna. Therefore, the antenna structure provided in this application embodiment can significantly reduce the integration area of ​​the vertical antenna and the end-fire antenna while combining the functions of the vertical antenna and the end-fire antenna.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the vertical antenna includes a vertical polarization field pattern and a vertical horizontal polarization field pattern. The first feed stub feeds the first and second radiating elements to form the vertical polarization field pattern, and the third feed stub feeds the first and second radiating elements to form the vertical horizontal polarization field pattern. The end-fire antenna includes an end-fire vertical polarization field pattern and an end-fire horizontal polarization field pattern. The second feed stub feeds the second and third radiating elements to form the end-fire vertical polarization field pattern, and the fourth feed stub feeds the fourth radiating element to form the end-fire horizontal polarization field pattern.

[0033] The antenna structure provided in this application embodiment can realize dual-polarized vertical antenna and dual-polarized end-fire antenna to achieve polarization diversity of antenna structure, which helps to improve transmission throughput and signal stability in weak signal areas and meet signal transmission requirements.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the first radiator, the second radiator, the third radiator, and the fourth radiator are all rectangles with missing corners, and the first radiator, the second radiator, the third radiator, and the fourth radiator are centrally symmetrical about the center point.

[0035] Adding a notch to the radiator can increase the electrical length of the radiator, and setting four radiators in a centrally symmetrical manner is beneficial to improving the overall performance of the antenna structure.

[0036] Another embodiment of this application provides a packaged antenna, including a transceiver chip and the antenna structure described above, wherein the transceiver chip and the antenna structure are electrically connected and packaged in the same substrate.

[0037] The antenna structure can radiate electromagnetic waves according to the received electromagnetic signals, and / or send electromagnetic signals to the transceiver chip according to the received electromagnetic waves, thereby realizing wireless communication. The packaged antenna provided in this application has the advantages of small area, large coverage and large antenna gain.

[0038] Another embodiment of this application provides a chip, including a radio frequency module and the antenna structure described above.

[0039] The antenna structure can be integrated with the RF module into a single chip to improve chip performance.

[0040] Another aspect of this application provides an electronic device, including the antenna structure described above, the packaged antenna described above, or the chip described above.

[0041] The electronic device provided in this application embodiment, utilizing the antenna structure provided in the above-described embodiment, can be applied to various antennas, and can increase the radiation pattern and improve signal coverage and signal quality without increasing the antenna's occupied area.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the electronic device includes a front and a back side disposed opposite to each other, connected by a mid-frame, which includes a top, a right side, a bottom, and a left side connected in sequence; the number of antenna structures is three, one of which is disposed on the back side of the electronic device and is no more than a first threshold distance from the upper edge of the top, and the other two antenna structures are disposed on the left side and the right side respectively, and are no more than a second threshold distance from the left edge of the left side and the right edge of the right side respectively.

[0043] The three antenna structures are positioned on the top, left, and right sides of the electronic device, respectively. Each antenna structure can perform independent beamforming and beam scanning, thus achieving a large radiation coverage area. Furthermore, placing the antenna structures on or near the side of the electronic device effectively utilizes its space, reducing the space occupied by the internal circuit boards and other existing electronic components.

[0044] In another aspect, this application provides an electronic device including an antenna structure that can operate as a vertical antenna and an end-fire antenna. The antenna structure includes a first radiating element, a second radiating element, and a third radiating element. The first and second radiating elements serve as radiators of the vertical antenna to radiate electromagnetic waves from the vertical antenna, and the second and third radiating elements serve as radiators of the end-fire antenna to radiate electromagnetic waves from the end-fire antenna.

[0045] In one possible implementation, the antenna structure includes a ground plane for grounding both the vertical antenna and the end-fire antenna.

[0046] In one possible implementation, at least a portion of the third radiating unit may be formed by a ground plane.

[0047] In one possible implementation, the antenna structure includes a substrate, a vertical antenna and an end-fire antenna disposed on the substrate, wherein the main radiation direction of the vertical antenna is a first radiation direction and the main radiation direction of the end-fire antenna is a second radiation direction.

[0048] In one possible implementation, the first radiation direction is perpendicular to the substrate, and the second radiation direction is parallel to the substrate.

[0049] In one possible implementation, when the antenna radiates vertically, the antenna structure operates in vertical mode, and when it radiates end-fire, the antenna structure operates in end-fire mode, wherein the antenna structure switches between vertical mode and end-fire mode.

[0050] In one possible implementation, the antenna structure can be switched between vertical and end-fire modes via a switch.

[0051] In one possible implementation, the antenna structure can switch between vertical and end-fire modes based on the received signal.

[0052] In one possible implementation, both the vertical antenna and the end-fire antenna are dual-polarized antennas.

[0053] In one possible implementation, the vertical antenna includes a vertical polarization pattern and a horizontal polarization pattern, which can operate simultaneously.

[0054] In one possible implementation, the end-fire antenna includes an end-fire vertical polarization pattern and an end-fire horizontal polarization pattern, which can operate simultaneously.

[0055] This application provides an antenna structure, a packaged antenna, a chip, and an electronic device. By reusing and co-constructing parts of the vertical antenna and the end-fire antenna, compared with related technologies that directly place the vertical antenna and the end-fire antenna together, the overall usable area of ​​the antenna structure can be greatly reduced, allowing the antenna structure to be placed on the side of the electronic device. At the same time, compared with a separate vertical antenna or end-fire antenna, by increasing the radiation pattern, the antenna coverage angle and antenna gain can be greatly improved. Attached Figure Description

[0056] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the background art, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application or the background art will be described below.

[0057] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0058] Figure 2 An exploded view of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 3 A communication system architecture for an electronic device provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0060] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the packaging structure of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0061] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure layout in an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0062] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the packaging structure of an antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical antenna in an embodiment of the antenna structure provided in this application;

[0065] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the end-fire antenna in an embodiment of the antenna structure provided in this application;

[0066] Figure 10 This is a planar unfolded schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0067] Figure 11 A topology diagram of the folded planar aperture structure of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0068] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application from another angle;

[0069] Figure 13 A side view of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0070] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application from another angle;

[0071] Figure 15 A side view of an antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application from another angle;

[0072] Figure 16 This is a structural schematic diagram of a metal wall provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0073] Figure 17 This is a top view of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0074] Figure 18 The radiation gain pattern of an antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0075] Figure 19 This is a cumulative function diagram of the antenna gain distribution of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0076] Figure 20 This is an antenna gain pattern diagram in the YZ plane of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0077] Figure 21 This is another schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0078] Figure 22a for Figure 21 The provided antenna structure shows the vertical and end-fire vertical polarization radiation gain field patterns in the low-frequency band.

[0079] Figure 22b for Figure 21 The provided antenna structure shows the vertical and end-fire vertical polarization radiation gain field patterns in the high-frequency band.

[0080] Figure 23 This is another schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0081] Figure 24a for Figure 23 The provided antenna structure shows the vertical and end-fire horizontal polarization radiation gain field patterns in the low-frequency band.

[0082] Figure 24b for Figure 23 The provided antenna structure has vertical and end-fire horizontal polarization radiation gain field patterns in the high-frequency band. Attached image description:

[0084] 100 - Electronic device; 101 - Central processing unit chip; 102 - Low-frequency baseband chip; 103 - Intermediate-frequency baseband chip; 104 - Packaged antenna; 105 - Transceiver chip; 11 - Mid-frame; 12 - Display screen; 13 - Back cover; 14 - Cover plate; 15 - PCB;

[0085] 200 - Antenna structure; 20 - Substrate; 21 - First radiating element; 211 - First radiator; 212 - Second radiator; 22 - Second radiating element; 221 - Third radiator; 222 - Fourth radiator; 23 - Third radiating element; 231 - Fifth radiator; 232 - Sixth radiator; 24 - Fourth radiating element; 241 - Seventh radiator; 242 - Eighth radiator;

[0086] 30 - Grounding plate; 31 - First feed branch; 311 - First feed inlet; 32 - Second feed branch; 321 - Connecting branch; 33 - Third feed branch; 331 - Second feed inlet; 34 - Fourth feed branch; 341 - First feed structure; 342 - Second feed structure; 343 - Parasitic unit; 351 - First grounding unit; 352 - Second grounding unit; 361 - Third grounding unit; 362 - Fourth grounding unit; SW1 - First switch; SW2 - Second switch; SW3 - Third switch; SW4 - Fourth switch. Detailed Implementation

[0087] The following explains the terminology that may appear in the embodiments of this application.

[0088] Electrical connection: can be understood as the physical contact and electrical conduction of components; it can also be understood as the form of connection between different components in the circuit structure through physical lines that can transmit electrical signals, such as copper foil or wires on a printed circuit board (PCB).

[0089] Coupling can be understood as direct coupling and / or indirect coupling. "Coupled connection" can be understood as a direct coupling connection and / or indirect coupling connection. Direct coupling can also be called "electrical connection," while "indirect coupling" can be understood as two conductors conducting electricity through a gap / non-contact method. "Indirect coupling" can also be understood as capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by forming an equivalent capacitance through coupling between the gaps between two conductive components. Those skilled in the art will understand that coupling refers to the phenomenon where there is a close coordination and mutual influence between the inputs and outputs of two or more circuit elements or electrical networks, and energy is transferred from one side to the other through this interaction.

[0090] Connection: The process of making two or more components conduct or connect through the above-mentioned "electrical connection" or "coupling connection" to transmit signals / energy can be called connection.

[0091] Connection: can refer to a mechanical or physical connection. For example, the connection between A and B can mean that there are fastened components (such as screws, bolts, rivets, etc.) between A and B, or that A and B are in contact with each other and are difficult to separate.

[0092] Relative setting: A relative setting with B can refer to A and B being face-to-face (opposite to, or face to face).

[0093] Aperture / Gap: can be a closed or semi-closed, open or semi-open space enclosed between conductors. It should be understood that the aperture can be a space filled with any dielectric / dielectric material, including air-filled or vacuum-filled spaces. In some embodiments, the aperture can refer to the space through which a radiated signal can pass.

[0094] Electrical length: Electrical length can be expressed as the ratio of physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) multiplied by the time it takes for an electrical or electromagnetic signal to travel in a medium to the time required for that signal to travel a distance in free space equal to the physical length of the medium. Electrical length can be expressed by the following formula:

[0095]

[0096] Where L is the physical length, a is the transmission time of the electrical or electromagnetic signal in the medium, and b is the transmission time in free space.

[0097] Alternatively, electrical length can also refer to the ratio of physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave, and electrical length can satisfy the following formula:

[0098]

[0099] Where L is the physical length and λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0100] In some embodiments of this application, the physical length of the radiator can be understood as the electrical length of the radiator ±10%.

[0101] Wavelength: or operating wavelength, can refer to the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency or the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming the center frequency of the B1 uplink band (resonant frequency of 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, then the operating wavelength can be the wavelength calculated using this frequency. Not limited to the center frequency, "operating wavelength" can also refer to the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency or a non-center frequency of the operating frequency band.

[0102] The terms collinearity, coplanarity, symmetry (axial symmetry, or central symmetry, etc.), parallelism, and perpendicularity mentioned in the embodiments of this application are all relative to the current technological level, and not absolute and strict mathematical definitions. For two collinear radiating stubs or two antenna elements, there may be a deviation of less than a predetermined threshold (e.g., 1 mm, 0.5 m, or 0.1 mm) in the line width direction between their edges. For two coplanar radiating stubs or two antenna elements, there may be a deviation of less than a predetermined threshold (e.g., 1 mm, 0.5 m, or 0.1 mm) in the direction perpendicular to their coplanar plane. For two parallel or perpendicular antenna elements, there may be a deviation of a predetermined angle (e.g., ±5°, ±10°).

[0103] The technical solutions provided in this application can be applied to electronic devices that employ one or more of the following communication technologies: Bluetooth (BT) communication technology, Global Positioning System (GPS) communication technology, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) communication technology, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) communication technology, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) communication technology, Long Term Evolution (LTE) communication technology, 5G communication technology, and other future communication technologies.

[0104] The electronic devices in this application embodiment can be mobile phones, tablets, laptops, smart home devices, smart bracelets, smartwatches, smart helmets, smart glasses, etc. Electronic devices can also be cellular phones, cordless phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, in-vehicle devices, virtual reality / augmented reality / mixed reality devices, electronic devices in 5G networks, or electronic devices in future evolved public land mobile networks (PLMNs), etc., and this application embodiment is not limited to these categories.

[0105] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 An exploded view of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 and Figure 2 An electronic device provided in this application is illustrated, with a mobile phone as an example.

[0106] Electronic device 100 may include: a middle frame 11, a display screen 12, a rear cover 13, a cover plate 14, and a printed circuit board (PCB) 15. The display screen 12 and the rear cover 13 are respectively connected to both sides of the middle frame 11, and the three together form a space for accommodating the PCB 15 and other components.

[0107] The display screen 12 may include a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display panel, or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel, etc., and this application does not limit it.

[0108] The cover plate 14 can be installed close to the display screen 12, and its main function is to protect the display screen 12 from dust. The cover plate 14 can be a glass cover plate, or it can be replaced with a cover plate made of other materials, such as an ultra-thin glass cover plate, a PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) cover plate, etc. The back cover 13 can be a back cover made of metal or a back cover made of non-conductive materials, such as a glass back cover, a plastic back cover, or other non-metallic back covers.

[0109] The mid-frame 11 primarily serves to support the entire device. The PCB 15 can be located between the mid-frame 11 and the back cover 13, or it can be located between the mid-frame 11 and the display screen 12. The PCB 15 can be made of flame-retardant material (FR-4), Rogers dielectric substrate, or a hybrid of Rogers and FR-4 dielectric substrates, etc. Here, FR-4 is a designation for a flame-retardant material grade, and Rogers dielectric substrate is a high-frequency board. The PCB 15 can support various electronic components, such as radio frequency chips.

[0110] In one embodiment, a metal layer may be disposed on PCB 15. This metal layer can be used to ground electronic components carried on PCB 15, or to ground other components such as bracket antennas, frame antennas, etc. This metal layer may be referred to as a ground plane, grounding plate, or grounding layer. In one embodiment, this metal layer can be formed by etching metal onto the surface of any dielectric substrate in PCB 15. In one embodiment, the grounding metal layer may be disposed on the side of PCB 15 near the middle frame 11. In one embodiment, the edge of PCB 15 can be considered as the edge of its grounding layer. In one embodiment, the metal middle frame 11 can also be used to ground the aforementioned components. Electronic device 100 may also have other ground planes / grounding plates, which will not be elaborated here.

[0111] The electronic device 100 may also include a battery (not shown). The battery may be disposed between the middle frame 11 and the back cover 13, or between the middle frame 11 and the display screen 12. In some embodiments, the PCB 15 may be divided into a motherboard and a daughterboard, the battery may be disposed between the motherboard and the daughterboard, the motherboard may be disposed between the middle frame 11 and the upper edge of the battery, and the daughterboard may be disposed between the middle frame 11 and the lower edge of the battery.

[0112] The electronic device 100 may further include a bezel 16, which may be formed of a conductive material such as metal. The bezel 16 may be disposed between the display screen 12 and the back cover 13 and extend circumferentially around the periphery of the electronic device 100. The bezel 16 may have four sides surrounding the display screen 12 to help secure the display screen 12. In one implementation, the bezel 16 made of a metallic material can be directly used as the metallic bezel of the electronic device 100, forming a metallic bezel appearance suitable for industrial design (ID). In another implementation, the outer surface of the bezel 16 may also be a non-metallic material, such as a plastic bezel, forming a non-metallic bezel appearance suitable for non-metallic ID.

[0113] The middle frame 11 may include a side frame 16. The middle frame 11, including the side frame 16, is a single unit that supports the electronic components in the device. The cover plate 14 and the rear cover 13 respectively cover the upper and lower edges of the side frame to form the housing of the electronic device. In one embodiment, the cover plate 14, the rear cover 13, the side frame 16, and / or the middle frame 11 may be collectively referred to as the housing of the electronic device 100. It should be understood that "housing" may refer to part or all of any one of the cover plate 14, the rear cover 13, the side frame 16, or the middle frame 11, or to any combination of the cover plate 14, the rear cover 13, the side frame 16, or the middle frame 11.

[0114] Alternatively, the frame 16 may not be considered part of the middle frame 11. In one embodiment, the frame 16 may be connected to and integrally formed with the middle frame 11. In another embodiment, the frame 16 may include inwardly extending protrusions to connect with the middle frame 11, for example, by means of spring clips, screws, welding, etc. The protrusions of the frame 16 can also be used to receive feed signals, so that at least a portion of the frame 16 acts as a radiator of the antenna to transmit / receive radio frequency signals. A gap 42 may exist between this portion of the frame acting as the radiator and the middle frame 11, thereby ensuring that the antenna radiator has a good radiation environment, enabling the antenna to have good signal transmission capabilities.

[0115] The back cover 13 can be made of metal or non-conductive materials, such as glass or plastic.

[0116] The antenna of the electronic device 100 can also be disposed within the frame 16. When the frame 16 of the electronic device 100 is made of a non-conductive material, the antenna radiator can be located within the electronic device 100 and positioned along the frame 16. For example, the antenna radiator can be positioned close to the frame 16 to minimize the volume occupied by the antenna radiator and to be closer to the outside of the electronic device 100, thereby achieving better signal transmission performance. It should be noted that "positioning the antenna radiator close to the frame 16" means that the antenna radiator can be positioned flush against the frame 16 or close to the frame 16, for example, there can be a small gap between the antenna radiator and the frame 16.

[0117] The antenna of the electronic device 100 can also be housed within a housing, such as a bracket antenna or a millimeter-wave antenna. The clearance of the antenna housed within the housing can be obtained through openings / perforations in any of the following: the mid-frame, and / or the bezel, and / or the back cover, and / or the display screen; or through non-conductive gaps / apertures formed between any of these. This clearance configuration ensures the antenna's radiation performance. It should be understood that the antenna clearance can be a non-conductive area formed by any conductive component within the electronic device 100, through which the antenna radiates signals to the external space. In one embodiment, the antenna can be based on a flexible printed circuit (FPC), a laser-direct-structuring (LDS) antenna, or a microstrip disk antenna (MDA). In another embodiment, the antenna can be a transparent structure embedded within the screen of the electronic device 100, making it a transparent antenna unit embedded within the screen of the electronic device 100.

[0118] It should be understood that Figure 1 and Figure 2 The electronic device 100 is shown only schematically, and the actual shape, size, and construction of these components are not subject to change. Figure 1 limited.

[0119] In addition, for ease of explanation, in this application, the surface where the display screen of the electronic device is located can be defined as the front (Front, +Z), the surface where the back cover is located as the back (Back, -Z), the surface where the bezel is located as the side, and when the user holds (usually vertically and facing the screen) the electronic device, the orientation of the electronic device has top (Top, +Y), bottom (Bottom, -Y), left side (Left, -X), and right side (Right, +X).

[0120] Figure 3 A communication system architecture for an electronic device provided in one embodiment of this application. (Reference) Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device 100 also includes a central processing unit (CPU) chip 101, a low-frequency baseband chip 102, an intermediate-frequency baseband chip 103, and an antenna-in-package (AIP) (also known as a substrate antenna) 104.

[0121] The packaged antenna 104 may include a transceiver and / or receiver (T / R) chip 105 and an antenna-in-module 200, with the T / R chip 105 electrically connected to the antenna structure 200. The T / R chip 105 is used to transmit and / or receive electromagnetic wave signals to the antenna structure 200. The antenna structure 200 is used to radiate electromagnetic waves according to the received electromagnetic signals, and / or to transmit electromagnetic signals to the T / R chip 105 according to the received electromagnetic waves, thereby realizing wireless communication of the electronic device 100. The T / R chip 105 may be a millimeter-wave (mmW) transceiver chip. In this case, the electronic device 100 is a mobile phone with millimeter-wave capability, and the electronic device 100 can operate in the millimeter-wave frequency band. In some other embodiments, the T / R chip 105 may also be other radio frequency modules (AF modules) capable of transmitting and / or receiving radio frequency signals.

[0122] Among them, the low-frequency baseband chip 102 and the intermediate-frequency baseband chip 103 can be, for example, digital computing chips, and the millimeter-wave chip can be, for example, a digital-to-analog converter chip. Since the millimeter-wave chip operates at a high frequency (>20GHz), resulting in large radio frequency link loss, after the millimeter-wave chip transmits and receives millimeter-wave signals, it can first be down-frequencyed by the intermediate-frequency baseband chip 103 and then sent back to the low-frequency baseband chip 102 (<2GHz) chip for digital computing via the intermediate-frequency signal with relatively low loss (5-11GHz).

[0123] In one embodiment, the intermediate frequency (IF) baseband chip 103 can be integrated with the antenna structure 200 in the same module to form a millimeter-wave module. In one embodiment, the low-frequency (LFM) baseband chip 102 and the IF baseband chip 103 can be integrated in the same chip, for example, in a millimeter-wave module. In one embodiment, the LFM baseband chip 102 and the IF baseband chip 103 can be integrated in the same chip and can also be integrated into the radio frequency (RF) chip of the CPU chip 101. This application does not impose specific limitations on the technological implementation of the CPU chip 101, the LFM baseband chip 102, the IF baseband chip 103, and the packaged antenna 104. The packaged antenna 104 can be used not only in millimeter-wave modules but also in other frequency bands; this application does not limit its application in this regard.

[0124] The central processing unit chip 101, low-frequency baseband chip 102, intermediate-frequency baseband chip 103, and packaged antenna 104 can all be mounted on PCB 15. Alternatively, the central processing unit chip 101 can be mounted on PCB 15, and the low-frequency baseband chip 102, intermediate-frequency baseband chip 103, and packaged antenna 104 can be mounted on a connecting board (not shown in the figure). The connecting board is electrically connected to PCB 15 and can be a rigid or flexible circuit board.

[0125] There can be two low-frequency baseband chips 102, and both low-frequency baseband chips 102 can be electrically connected to the central processing unit chip 101. There can be two intermediate-frequency baseband chips 103, and both intermediate-frequency baseband chips 103 can be electrically connected to one low-frequency baseband chip 102. There can be three packaged antennas 104, and all three packaged antennas 104 can be electrically connected to one intermediate-frequency baseband chip 103.

[0126] In some other embodiments, the low-frequency baseband chip 102 may be one or three or more, and / or the intermediate-frequency baseband chip 103 may be one or three or more, and / or the packaged antenna 104 may be one or three or more, and / or the low-frequency baseband chip 102 and the intermediate-frequency baseband chip 103 may be integrated into a single chip. It should be noted that in the embodiments of this application, "A and / or B" includes three cases: "A", "B", and "A and B", and the relevant descriptions in the following text can be understood in the same way.

[0127] In some other embodiments, the antenna structure 200 can be set up independently and does not form an encapsulated antenna 104 with the transceiver chip 105. In this case, the antenna structure 200 can be connected to the radio frequency chip through signal cables or flexible circuit boards to realize the transmission and reception of electromagnetic wave signals.

[0128] This application provides an antenna structure that reuses and co-structures portions of a broadside antenna (BR antenna) and an end-fire antenna (EF antenna) so that the radiation pattern of the antenna structure can be either a pattern in the vertical BR direction or a pattern in the end-fire EF direction. In one embodiment of this application, the antenna structure can support dual-polarization under both the BR and / or EF pattern.

[0129] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the packaging structure of an antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application. (Reference) Figure 4As shown, the antenna structure 200 may include a substrate 20 and multiple antenna structures disposed on the substrate 20, such as four antenna elements, which can be arranged linearly in a 1*4 structure.

[0130] The antenna structure 200 can be packaged using flexible circuit board processes such as liquid crystal polymer (LCP) or modified polyimide (PI), or using rigid circuit board processes such as laminated circuit boards, or using packaging processes such as fan-out wafer level package or low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC).

[0131] For example, the substrate 20 can be a multilayer printed circuit board, and each antenna unit can include a vertical antenna and an end-fire antenna. At least a portion of the vertical antenna and the end-fire antenna can be embedded inside the substrate 20. The vertical antenna and the end-fire antenna can share a portion of the radiator and be formed in the same process as the substrate 20 to simplify the formation process of the antenna structure 200.

[0132] It should be understood that the main radiation direction of the vertical antenna is the first radiation direction, and the main radiation direction of the end-fire antenna is the second radiation direction. The first radiation direction and the second radiation direction are different. For example, the first radiation direction can be a direction perpendicular to the substrate 20 (as shown by the solid arrow in the figure), and the second radiation direction can be a direction parallel to the substrate 20 (as shown by the dashed arrow in the figure). For example, the first radiation direction can be the thickness direction of the substrate 20 (as shown by the solid arrow in the figure), and the second radiation direction can be the width direction of the substrate 20 (as shown by the dashed arrow in the figure).

[0133] It should be noted that the terms "parallel" and "perpendicular" used in the embodiments of this application to describe relative positional relationships are relative to the current technological level, and not absolute or strict mathematical definitions. Slight deviations are permissible; approximations of parallelism and perpendicularity are acceptable. For example, in one embodiment, "A and B are parallel" means that A and B are parallel or approximately parallel. In another embodiment, "A and B are parallel" means that the angle between A and B is between 0 and 10 degrees. In one embodiment, "A and B are perpendicular" means that A and B are perpendicular or approximately perpendicular. In yet another embodiment, "A and B are perpendicular" means that the angle between A and B is between 80 and 100 degrees.

[0134] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the layout of an antenna structure in an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. (Reference) Figure 5As shown, in this embodiment, the electronic device 100 may be provided with three antenna structures 200a, 200b and 200c, and each antenna structure 200 may include four antenna elements.

[0135] In one embodiment, antenna structure 200a can be disposed on the back of electronic device 100 (the substrate is parallel to the back of electronic device 100) and close to the top of electronic device 100, for example, the distance from the upper edge of the top of the middle frame does not exceed a first threshold, the first threshold may be less than 10mm; antenna structure 200b can be disposed on the left side of electronic device 100 (the substrate is parallel to the side wall of electronic device), for example, embedded in the left side wall of the middle frame, or the distance from the left edge of the left side wall does not exceed a second threshold, the second threshold may be 0.2mm-1mm; antenna structure 200c can be disposed on the right side of electronic device 100 (the substrate is parallel to the side wall of electronic device), for example, embedded in the right side wall of the middle frame, or the distance from the right edge of the right side wall does not exceed a second threshold, the second threshold may be 0.2mm-1mm.

[0136] Antenna structures 200a, 200b, and 200c are positioned around the electronic device, responsible for transmitting / receiving millimeter-wave signals from different directions. The three antenna structures are placed on the top, left, and right sides, respectively, and each can perform independent beamforming and beam scanning, thus achieving a large radiation coverage area. Furthermore, placing the antenna structures on or near the sides of the electronic device effectively utilizes its space, reducing the space occupied by internal circuit boards and other existing electronic components.

[0137] Furthermore, it should be understood that the number of antenna structures 200 in the electronic device 100 is not specifically limited; for example, there can be more than three. When three antenna structures 200 are provided in the electronic device 100, the positions of the three antenna structures 200 are not specifically limited and are not limited to those shown in the figure. The antenna structure 200 can be fixed to any position on the PCB 15 in the electronic device 100, or the antenna structure 200 can be integrally formed with the PCB 15, in which case a portion of the PCB 15 forms the antenna structure 200, or the substrate 20 of the antenna structure 200 is part of the PCB 15; the antenna structure 200 can be encapsulated in the PCB 15, or the substrate 20 of the antenna structure 200 can be distributed inside the electronic device 100, located inside the middle frame 11 and electrically connected to the PCB 15.

[0138] It should be understood that Figure 5In this diagram, the elliptical radiation beam located near the antenna structure represents the antenna's radiation gain. The ellipse with a dashed outer contour represents the radiation gain of the end-fire antenna, while the ellipse without a dashed outer contour represents the radiation gain of the vertical antenna. The maximum radiation gain of the vertical antenna of antenna structure 200a is oriented towards Back (-Z). In one embodiment, the vertical antenna of antenna structure 200a can perform beam steering on the ZX plane. The maximum radiation gain of the end-fire antenna of antenna structure 200a is oriented Top (+Y). In one embodiment, the end-fire antenna of antenna structure 200a can perform beam scanning in the XY plane. The maximum radiation gain of the vertical antenna of antenna structure 200b is oriented Left (-X). In one embodiment, the vertical antenna of antenna structure 200b can perform beam scanning in the XY plane. The maximum radiation gain of the end-fire antenna of antenna structure 200b is oriented Front (+Z). In one embodiment, the end-fire antenna of antenna structure 200b can perform beam scanning in the YZ plane. The maximum radiation gain of the vertical antenna of antenna structure 200c is oriented Right (+X). In one embodiment, the vertical antenna of antenna structure 200c can perform beam scanning in the XY plane. The maximum radiation gain of the end-fire antenna of antenna structure 200c is oriented Front (+Z). In one embodiment, the end-fire antenna of antenna structure 200c can perform beam scanning in the YZ plane.

[0139] During use, the electronic device can operate different numbers and positions of antenna structures 200 according to the received signal, so that the antenna structures can perform beam scanning and / or switch between vertical mode and end-fire mode to obtain the best signal.

[0140] As can be seen, the electronic device provided in this application embodiment, since each antenna structure has a vertical antenna and an end-fire antenna, has three antenna structures. Therefore, its main radiation direction can achieve radiation coverage in five directions: Right (+X), Left (-X), Back (-Z), Front (+Z), and Top (+Y). It is easy to understand that when the three antenna structures in the electronic device are arranged in other positions, radiation coverage in more directions (e.g., six directions) can be achieved. In related technologies, if an electronic device has three antenna structures, each antenna structure can be a vertical antenna or an end-fire antenna, and its main radiation direction can achieve radiation coverage in up to three directions. Therefore, the electronic device provided in this application embodiment can increase the radiation coverage area and improve antenna gain.

[0141] Additionally, it should be noted that in order to place the antenna structure 200 on the side of the electronic device 100, the width W of the antenna structure 200 is limited by the side width (thickness) T of the electronic device 100. As the electronic device 100 becomes increasingly thinner and lighter, T can be less than 8mm, 6mm (or even smaller). Assuming that the vertical antenna and end-fire antenna from related technologies are directly integrated into the same antenna structure, the width of this antenna structure is estimated to be no less than 5.5mm, which will not be suitable for... Figure 5 As shown in Figures 200b and 200c, these are placed on the side of the electronic device 100 and can only occupy the area of ​​the PCB 15 inside the electronic device 100 in a planar manner, which is obviously not conducive to the arrangement of the internal space of the electronic device.

[0142] To address this issue, this application provides an antenna structure that integrates a vertical antenna and an end-fire antenna into a single antenna structure. By reusing and co-constructing parts of the vertical and end-fire antenna structures, the overall usable area of ​​the antenna structure can be significantly reduced compared to related technologies that directly place the vertical and end-fire antennas together.

[0143] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the packaging structure of an antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application. (Refer to...) Figure 6 As shown, the substrate 20 may include a top surface 201 and a bottom surface 202, which are disposed back-to-back and parallel to each other. A metal layer and a ground plane 30 may be disposed inside the substrate 20. The ground plane 30 may be located between the top surface 201 and the bottom surface 202, and may be disposed parallel to the top surface 201 and the bottom surface 202. For example, the ground plane 30 may be disposed on the side closer to the bottom surface 202.

[0144] In one embodiment, the top surface 201, bottom surface 202, and ground plane 30 can all be parallel to the XY plane. The substrate 20 can contain multiple metal layers and multiple insulating layers, which can be spaced / stacked along the Z-axis. Some metal layers can be connected via conductive holes, metal pillars, etc. The metal structure within the substrate 20 can be used as a radiating element, feed branch, or grounding element in the antenna structure 200.

[0145] For example, the thickness of the substrate 20 can be between 1 mm and 1.5 mm, for example, it can be 1.09 mm.

[0146] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna element provided in an embodiment of the antenna structure of this application. (See reference...) Figure 7As shown, an embodiment of the antenna structure 200 provided in this application may include: a ground plane 30, a first radiating element 21, a second radiating element 22, a third radiating element 23, a first feed stub 31, and a second feed stub 32. The first radiating element 21 and the ground plane 30 may be arranged at intervals along the Z-axis and positioned opposite each other. The first radiating element 21 and the second radiating element 22 may be arranged at intervals along the X-axis. A first gap C1 between the first radiating element 21 and the second radiating element 22 may extend along the Y-axis. The third radiating element 23 and the second radiating element 22 may be arranged at intervals along the Z-axis and positioned opposite each other. The first radiating element 21, the second radiating element 22, and the third radiating element 23 may be coupled to the ground plane 30 respectively.

[0147] The antenna structure 200 provided in this application embodiment may further include a fourth radiating element 24. The fourth radiating element 24 may be disposed between the second radiating element 22 and the third radiating element 23, and the fourth radiating element 24 may be coupled to the ground plane 30.

[0148] It should be understood that the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis in the embodiments of this application are perpendicular to each other.

[0149] It should be understood that the limiting terms such as "arranged along the X-axis" and "extended along the Y-axis" mentioned in the embodiments of this application are not absolute and strict definitions in a mathematical sense, and a small deviation is allowed. For example, it can refer to arranging along a direction approximately equal to the X-axis and extending along a direction approximately equal to the Y-axis. Here, the approximation can be, for example, a deviation angle of less than 10 degrees.

[0150] It should be understood that in the embodiments of this application, "A and B are arranged at intervals along the X-axis" can be understood as follows: after A and B are each equivalent to a square or a circle, which are equally symmetrical figures, the equivalent center points of A and B are arranged at intervals along the X-axis, that is, the line connecting the equivalent center points of A and B is located on the X-axis and is spaced at a certain distance.

[0151] It should be understood that in the embodiments of this application, "gap" can be equivalent to "narrow slit", and "gap extending along the Y-axis" can be understood as the length direction of "narrow slit" being the Y-axis direction. The shape of "gap" is not required here. The width of "gap" can be uniform or approximately uniform. The edge constituting "gap" can be, for example, a straight line or an irregular curve.

[0152] In one embodiment, the first radiating unit 21 may include a first radiator 211 and a second radiator 212 arranged at intervals along the Y-axis, and a second gap C2 between the first radiator 211 and the second radiator 212 may extend along the X-axis. In one embodiment, the second radiating unit 22 may include a third radiator 221 and a fourth radiator 222 arranged at intervals along the Y-axis, and a third gap C3 between the third radiator 221 and the fourth radiator 222 may extend along the X-axis. In one embodiment, the third radiating unit 23 may include a fifth radiator 231 and a sixth radiator 232 arranged at intervals along the Y-axis, and a fourth gap C4 between the fifth radiator 231 and the sixth radiator 232 may extend along the X-axis. In one embodiment, the fourth radiating unit 24 may include a seventh radiator 241 and an eighth radiator 242, with the seventh radiator 241 disposed between the third radiator 221 and the fifth radiator 231, and the eighth radiator 242 disposed between the fourth radiator 222 and the sixth radiator 232.

[0153] The coupling connection between the four radiating elements and the ground plane 30 can be implemented in various ways. In one embodiment, the antenna structure 200 may further include: a first grounding element 351, a second grounding element 352, a third grounding element 361, and a fourth grounding element 362.

[0154] The first grounding unit 351 can be connected between the first radiator 211 and the grounding plate 30, and the second grounding unit 352 can be connected between the second radiator 212 and the grounding plate 30. In one embodiment, the third grounding unit 361 can be connected between the third radiator 221 and the grounding plate 30, and the third grounding unit 361 can be connected to the end of the third radiator 221 facing the first radiator 211. The fourth grounding unit 362 can be connected between the fourth radiator 222 and the grounding plate 30, and the fourth grounding unit 362 can be connected to the end of the fourth radiator 222 facing the second radiator 212. In one embodiment, the seventh radiator 241 can be connected to the third grounding unit 361, and the eighth radiator 242 can be connected to the fourth grounding unit 362.

[0155] In one embodiment, at least a portion of the first feed stub 31 may be disposed within a first aperture (not shown in the figure), which may include the space between the first gap C1 and the ground plane 30. The first feed stub 31 may be electrically connected to a feed source. In one embodiment, the first feed stub 31 is used to excite the first radiating element 21 and the second radiating element 22 to generate an electric field along the X-axis within the first aperture.

[0156] At least a portion of the second feed stub 32 may be disposed within a second aperture (not shown in the figure), which may include the space between the second radiating element 22 and the third radiating element 23. The second feed stub 32 may be electrically connected to a feed source. In one embodiment, the second feed stub 32 is used to excite the second radiating element 22 and the third radiating element 23 to generate an electric field along the Z-axis within the second aperture.

[0157] In one embodiment, the antenna structure 200 may further include a third feed stub 33 and a fourth feed stub 34.

[0158] At least a portion of the third feed stub 33 may be disposed within a third aperture (not marked in the figure), which may include the space between the second gap C2 and the third gap C3 and the ground plane 30. The third feed stub 33 may be electrically connected to the feed source. In one embodiment, the third feed stub 33 is used to excite the first radiating element 21 and the second radiating element 22 to generate an electric field along the Y-axis within the third aperture.

[0159] The fourth feed stub 34 may include a first feed structure 341 and a second feed structure 342. The first feed structure 341 may be coupled to the seventh radiator 241, and the second feed structure 342 may be coupled to the eighth radiator 242. The first feed structure 341 and the second feed structure 342 may be electrically connected to the feed source, respectively. In one embodiment, the fourth feed stub 34 is used to excite an electric field along the Y-axis between the seventh radiator 241 and the eighth radiator 242.

[0160] It should be understood that in the embodiments of this application, "aperture" refers to a three-dimensional spatial structure. For example, "first aperture" includes not only the first gap C1 between the first radiating unit 21 and the second radiating unit 22, but also the space of the first gap C1 facing the ground plane 30, and may also include the space of the first gap C1 away from the ground plane 30.

[0161] In one embodiment, the third radiating element 23 may be connected to the ground plane 30 or formed from a portion of the structure of the ground plane 30. It should be understood that in another embodiment, the third radiating element 23 may be disposed above or below the ground plane 30 (upward in the positive Z-axis direction of the figure) and connected to the ground plane 30 via a grounding branch. In the following embodiments of this application, the third radiating element 23 is described as part of the ground plane 30. In one embodiment, a portion of one of the metal layers of a substrate (e.g., a PCB board) (e.g., a metal layer located on the upper surface, or any metal layer serving as the ground plane) may serve as the third radiating element 23.

[0162] The above Figure 7The antenna structure 200 provided in the illustrated embodiment integrates a vertical antenna and an end-fire antenna. The antenna structure will be further divided into a vertical antenna and an end-fire antenna below to better explain the working principle of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0163] It should be understood that the above Figure 7 The four feed stubs are fully shown, representing the feed structures for the vertical and end-fire antennas, respectively. Figure 7 The included schemes are not limited to one embodiment of four feed stubs, but may also include multiple embodiments of combinations of at least one of the feed stubs. For example, a vertical antenna may include a first feed stub 31 and / or a third feed stub 33. As another example, an end-fire antenna may include a second feed stub 32 and / or a fourth feed stub 34.

[0164] It should be understood that the above Figure 7 The complete illustration shows the vertical polarization of a vertical antenna, the horizontal polarization of a vertical antenna, the vertical polarization of an end-fire antenna, and the horizontal polarization scheme of an end-fire antenna. Figure 7 The corresponding solution is not limited to a single embodiment that simultaneously achieves vertical antenna dual polarization and end-fire antenna dual polarization. In one embodiment of this application, Figure 7 The corresponding scheme can also be broken down into an embodiment of vertical polarization of the vertical antenna and horizontal polarization of the vertical antenna, or an embodiment of vertical polarization of the end-fire antenna and horizontal polarization of the end-fire antenna, or an embodiment of vertical polarization of the vertical antenna and vertical polarization of the end-fire antenna, or an embodiment of horizontal polarization of the vertical antenna and horizontal polarization of the end-fire antenna, as well as an embodiment of single polarization of the vertical antenna, an embodiment of single polarization of the end-fire antenna, etc. According to Figure 7 Based on the descriptions and corresponding examples, these embodiments can be derived, and all of these embodiments should be included within the scope of this application.

[0165] Figure 8 Provided with Figure 7 In the corresponding embodiment of this application, one embodiment of the split vertical antenna is as follows: Figure 9 Provided with Figure 7 This corresponds to one embodiment of the split end-fire antenna in this application. It is not difficult to understand that... Figure 8 The provided embodiment of the vertical antenna is not limited to one embodiment of dual-polarization of the vertical antenna. Figure 9 The provided embodiment of the end-fire antenna is not limited to one embodiment of dual-polarized end-fire antenna.

[0166] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical antenna in an embodiment of the antenna structure provided in this application. (Refer to...) Figure 8As shown, the vertical antenna provided in this embodiment may include a ground plane 30, a first radiating element 21, a second radiating element 22, a first grounding element 351, a second grounding element 352, a third grounding element 352, a fourth grounding element 354, a first feed stub 31, and a third feed stub 33. It should be understood that the first radiating element 21 and the second radiating element 22 are the main radiators of the vertical antenna. In one embodiment, the ground plane 30 of the vertical antenna can be used to form at least a portion of the third radiating element 23 in the end-fire antenna.

[0167] One embodiment of this application provides a vertical antenna that can be a magnetoelectric dipole antenna with dual polarization characteristics. A first feed stub 31 is used to excite the first radiating element 21 and the second radiating element 22 to generate an electric field along the X-axis, thereby exciting the vertical antenna to generate vertically polarized radiation. A third feed stub 33 is used to excite the first radiating element 21 and the second radiating element 22 to generate an electric field along the Y-axis, thereby exciting the vertical antenna to generate horizontally polarized radiation. It should be understood that the vertical polarization direction mentioned herein refers to the X-axis direction, and the horizontal polarization direction refers to the Y-axis direction.

[0168] In one embodiment, the first feed stub 31 can extend along the X-axis, and the projection of the first end of the first feed stub 31 onto the XY plane can lie within the projection of the second gap C2 onto the XY plane, and the projection of the second end of the first feed stub 31 onto the XY plane can lie within the projection of the third gap C3 onto the XY plane. The first feed stub 31 spans the first gap C1, and its two ends can be coupled to the first radiation unit 21 and the second radiation unit 22, respectively. In one embodiment, the first feed stub 31 can excite the first radiation unit 21 and the second radiation unit 22 to form vertically polarized radiation within the first aperture.

[0169] In one embodiment, the first gap C1 may include a first sub-gap C11 and a second sub-gap C12. The first sub-gap C11 is located between the first radiator 211 and the third radiator 221, and the second sub-gap C12 is located between the second radiator 212 and the fourth radiator 222. The third feed stub 33 may extend along the Y-axis. The projection of the first end of the third feed stub 33 onto the XY plane may lie within the projection of the first sub-gap C11 onto the XY plane, and the projection of the second end of the third feed stub 33 onto the XY plane may lie within the projection of the second sub-gap C12 onto the XY plane. The third feed stub 33 spans the gap formed by the second gap C2 and the third gap C3. The first end of the third feed stub 33 may be coupled to the first radiator 211 and the third radiator 221, and the second end of the third feed stub 33 may be coupled to the second radiator 212 and the fourth radiator 222. In one embodiment, the third feed branch 33 can excite the first radiating element 21 and the second radiating element 22 to form horizontally polarized radiation within the third aperture.

[0170] In one embodiment, the first radiating unit 21 and the second radiating unit 22 can be arranged at intervals along the X-axis. In one embodiment, the first radiating unit 21 and the second radiating unit 22 are both metal layers and can be disposed in the same plane, for example, both parallel to the XY plane (allowing slight deviations). In one embodiment, a metal layer of the substrate 20 can form the first radiating unit 21 and the second radiating unit 22. In one embodiment, the first radiating unit 21 and the second radiating unit 22 can be formed in the same process as the metal layer inside the substrate 20 to simplify the fabrication process.

[0171] The first feed branch 31 can be formed of a metal layer and can be disposed in the same plane, for example, parallel to the XY plane. Exemplarily, the metal layer containing the first feed branch 31 can be coplanar with the metal layers containing the first radiating unit 21 and the second radiating unit 22. The third feed branch 33 can be formed of a metal layer and can be disposed in the same plane, for example, parallel to the XY plane. Exemplarily, the third feed branch 33 and the first feed branch 31 can be disposed in different metal layers within the substrate 20.

[0172] In one embodiment, the first grounding unit 351 can be connected to the corner of the first radiator 211 near the second radiator 212 and the third radiator 221, and the second grounding unit 352 can be connected to the corner of the second radiator 212 near the first radiator 211 and the fourth radiator 222. Both the first grounding unit 351 and the second grounding unit 352 can extend along the Z-axis and have a conductive connection hole structure.

[0173] In one embodiment, the third grounding unit 361 may be a metal wall structure, which may be connected to the side of the third radiator 221 near the first radiator 211, and the fourth grounding unit 362 may be a metal wall structure, which may be connected to the side of the fourth radiator 222 near the second radiator 212. The metal wall may extend along the Z-axis and be a conductive connection hole structure.

[0174] In one embodiment, the widths of the first gap C1, the second gap C2, and the third gap C3 can be the same. In one embodiment, the areas and shapes of the first radiating element 21 and the second radiating element 22 can be the same. In one embodiment, the areas and shapes of the first radiator 211, the second radiator 212, the third radiator 221, and the fourth radiator 222 can be the same and are centrally symmetrical.

[0175] The shapes of the first radiator 211, the second radiator 212, the third radiator 221, and the fourth radiator 222 are not specifically limited in this embodiment. All four radiators can be rectangular, or rectangular with notched corners as shown in the figure. In one example, the four radiators are the same size and shape, each a square with a notched corner, with the same spacing between any two radiators. The four radiators together form a large square with notched corners in the positive direction at all four corners. It should be understood that adding notched corners to the radiators can increase their electrical length. It should be understood that any shape of notched corner / recess or protrusion can be provided at any position on the radiators, and this should not be considered a limitation of this application.

[0176] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the end-fire antenna in an embodiment of the antenna structure provided in this application. (Reference) Figure 9 As shown, the end-fire antenna provided in this application embodiment may include a ground plane 30, a second radiating element 22, a third radiating element 23, a fourth radiating element 24, a third grounding element 361, a fourth grounding element 362, a second feed stub 32, and a fourth feed stub 34.

[0177] One embodiment of this application provides an end-fire antenna that can be a magnetoelectric dipole antenna with dual polarization characteristics. A second feed stub 32 is used to excite the second radiating element 22 and the third radiating element 23 to generate an electric field along the Z-axis, thereby exciting the end-fire antenna to produce vertically polarized radiation. A fourth feed stub 34 is used to excite the fourth radiating element 24 to generate an electric field along the Y-axis, thereby exciting the end-fire antenna to produce horizontally polarized radiation. It should be understood that the vertical polarization direction mentioned herein refers to the Z-axis direction, and the horizontal polarization direction refers to the Y-axis direction.

[0178] In one embodiment, the second feed stub 32 may extend along the Z-axis, with one end of the second feed stub 32 coupled to the second radiating element 22. The second feed stub 32 spans the second aperture, with its first end coupled to the third radiating element 23, and its second end coupled to the second radiating element 22. In one embodiment, the second feed stub 32 may excite the second radiating element 22 and the third radiating element 23 to form vertically polarized radiation within the second aperture.

[0179] The second power supply branch 32 can be a conductive connection hole structure within the substrate 20. It can be a solid metal pillar structure formed by filling the connection hole with metal material, or a metal layer formed after partially or completely covering the hole wall with metal material. The conductive connection hole in this article can be understood in this way.

[0180] In one embodiment, the second radiating element 22 and the third radiating element 23 can be two metal layers in different planes, for example, they can be arranged parallel to each other and opposite to each other. In one embodiment, both the second radiating element 22 and the third radiating element 23 can be parallel to the XY plane (a slight deviation is allowed).

[0181] In one embodiment, the second radiating element 22 and the third radiating element 23 have the same area and shape. In one embodiment, the second radiating element 22 and the third radiating element 23 are arranged facing each other; for example, the orthogonal projection of the third radiating element 23 completely covers the second radiating element 22. In other embodiments, the area and / or shape of the second radiating element 22 and the third radiating element 23 may not be the same. In other embodiments, the second radiating element 22 and the third radiating element 23 may not be completely facing each other; for example, the second radiating element 22 and the third radiating element 23 may be partially facing each other.

[0182] The fourth radiation unit 24 may include a seventh radiator 241 and an eighth radiator 242 arranged at intervals along the Y-axis. In one embodiment, both the seventh radiator 241 and the eighth radiator 242 may be arranged perpendicular to the XY plane.

[0183] In one embodiment, the seventh radiator 241 and the eighth radiator 242 have the same area and shape, and can be designed in a mirror-symmetric manner with respect to the third aperture. In one embodiment, the seventh radiator 241 and the eighth radiator 242 can be arranged perpendicular to the YZ plane; for example, the seventh radiator 241 and the eighth radiator 242 can be arranged parallel and opposite to each other. In another embodiment, the seventh radiator 241 and the eighth radiator 242 can be arranged at an angle with respect to the YZ plane. For example, the seventh radiator 241 and the eighth radiator 242 can be non-parallel. Exemplarily, as shown in the figure, the first end of the seventh radiator 241 is connected to the third grounding unit 361, the second end of the seventh radiator 241 extends away from the eighth radiator 242, the first end of the eighth radiator 242 is connected to the fourth grounding unit 362, and the second end of the eighth radiator 242 extends away from the seventh radiator 241. That is, from X+ to X-, from the direction away from the first radiating unit 21 to the direction closer to the first radiating unit 21, the distance between the seventh radiator 241 and the eighth radiator 242 in the Y direction can gradually decrease.

[0184] In one embodiment, the fourth feed stub 34 may include a first feed structure 341 and a second feed structure 342, with the end of the first feed structure 341 coupled to the seventh radiator 241 and the end of the second feed structure 342 coupled to the eighth radiator 242. In one embodiment, differential signals may be carried on the first feed structure 341 and the second feed structure 342, carrying currents of the same magnitude but opposite phase, to achieve excitation through unconnected capacitive coupling. In one embodiment, the fourth feed stub 34 may excite horizontally polarized radiation between the seventh radiator 241 and the eighth radiator 242.

[0185] The first feeding structure 341 and the second feeding structure 342 are integrally formed by metal wires and can be formed from the same metal layer in the substrate 20 to simplify the manufacturing process.

[0186] In the end-fire antenna provided in this embodiment, the grounding structure of the second radiating element 22 consists of a third grounding element 361 and a fourth grounding element 362, which will not be described in detail here. The third radiating element 23 can be part of the ground plane 30, enabling direct grounding. The seventh radiator 241 can be connected to the third grounding element 361, and the eighth radiator 242 can be connected to the fourth grounding element 362, thereby achieving indirect grounding of the fourth radiating element 24.

[0187] Combination Figure 8 and Figure 9It is readily apparent that the vertical antenna and end-fire antenna provided in this embodiment of the application share the second radiating element 22, the third grounding element 361, and the fourth grounding element 362. In one embodiment, the second radiating element 22 can simultaneously serve as at least a part of the radiator of both the vertical antenna and the end-fire antenna. In one embodiment, the third grounding element 361 and the fourth grounding element 362 can be used in the vertical antenna to disconnect from the ground plane 30 (e.g., by turning off a switch) so that the second radiating element 22 radiates as the radiator of the vertical antenna, while in the end-fire antenna, the third grounding element 361 and the fourth grounding element 362 can be connected to the ground plane (e.g., by turning on a switch) so that the second radiating element 22 is short-circuited to satisfy the radiation boundary conditions of the end-fire antenna. In one embodiment, the vertical antenna and the end-fire antenna can also reuse the third radiating element 23, wherein the third radiating element 23 can serve as the reference ground of the vertical antenna and simultaneously as the radiator of the end-fire antenna. Therefore, the antenna structure provided in this embodiment of the application, while combining the functions of the vertical antenna and the end-fire antenna, can significantly reduce the integration area of ​​the vertical antenna and the end-fire antenna.

[0188] In addition, the antenna structure provided in this application embodiment can realize a dual-polarized vertical antenna and a dual-polarized end-fire antenna to achieve polarization diversity of antenna structure 200, which helps to improve transmission throughput and signal stability in weak signal areas and meet the requirements of signal transmission.

[0189] Figure 10 This is a planar unfolded schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application. Figure 11 This is a topology diagram of the folded planar aperture structure of an antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application. It should be understood that... Figure 10 The diagram shows the slot between the radiators obtained by spreading out the first radiating unit 21, the second radiating unit 22, and the third radiating unit 23 into a planar structure without considering the grounding plate 30, the first grounding unit 35, and the second grounding unit 36. The slot between the radiators is the radiating aperture of the antenna structure 200. Figure 11 To be Figure 10 The radial aperture structure in the mid-plane, along Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional radial aperture structure obtained by folding the dashed lines in the diagram.

[0190] Wherein, BR_V refers to the electric field distribution of the radiating aperture in the vertical polarization mode of the vertical antenna, BR_H refers to the electric field distribution of the radiating aperture in the horizontal polarization mode of the vertical antenna, EF_V refers to the electric field distribution of the radiating aperture in the vertical polarization mode of the end-fire antenna, and EF_H refers to the electric field distribution of the radiating aperture in the horizontal polarization mode of the end-fire antenna. It should be understood that the radiating aperture of BR_V can be considered as the first aperture mentioned above, the radiating aperture of BR_H can be considered as the third aperture mentioned above, the radiating aperture of EF_V can be considered as the second aperture mentioned above, and the radiating aperture of EF_H can be considered as including the space between the third gap C3 and the fourth gap C4. It should be noted that the radiating apertures of BR_H and EF_H partially overlap.

[0191] refer to Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the electric fields between BR_V and BR_H are orthogonal, so the dual-polarized vertical antennas have high isolation and can operate simultaneously; similarly, the electric fields between EF_V and EF_H are orthogonal, so the dual-polarized end-fire antennas have high isolation and can operate simultaneously.

[0192] It should be noted that the antenna structure provided in this application embodiment reuses the second radiating element in the vertical antenna and the end-fire antenna. The antenna pattern can be reconfigurable through circuit control, allowing the antenna structure's radiation pattern to be either a vertical pattern or an end-fire pattern. This circuit control can be implemented by adding a setting switch within the antenna structure 200.

[0193] Combination Figures 7-9 A first switch SW1 and a second switch SW2 can be disposed within the antenna structure 200. The first switch SW1 can be connected between the third grounding unit 361 and the ground plane 30. In one embodiment, the first switch SW1 is located on the side of the third grounding unit 361 away from the fourth radiator 222. The second switch SW2 can be connected between the fourth grounding unit 362 and the ground plane 30. In one embodiment, the second switch SW2 is located on the side of the fourth grounding unit 362 away from the third radiator 221.

[0194] The first switch SW1 is used to control whether the third radiator 221 is grounded, the second switch SW2 is used to control whether the fourth radiator 222 is grounded, and the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2 are used to control whether the second radiating unit 22 is grounded.

[0195] When the antenna structure 200 is in end-fire mode, in order to force the minimum electric field boundary condition of EF_V to be met, the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2 are short-circuited (turn on) to ground the second radiating element 22, thereby creating the minimum electric field boundary condition on both sides of the EF_V radiating aperture; when the antenna structure 200 is in vertical mode, the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2 are open-circuited (turn off) to allow the main radiating aperture to return to BR_V and BR_H.

[0196] Continue to combine Figures 7-9 The antenna structure 200 may also include a third switch SW3 and a fourth switch SW4. The third switch SW3 can be connected between the fifth radiator 231 and the sixth radiator 232. In one embodiment, the third switch SW3 is located on the side of the third radiating element 23 away from the first radiating element 21. The fourth switch SW4 can be connected between the third radiator 221 and the fourth radiator 222. In one embodiment, the third switch SW3 is located on the side of the second radiating element 22 closer to the first radiating element 21.

[0197] The third switch SW3 is used to control the short circuit or short circuit between the fifth radiator 231 and the sixth radiator 232, and the fourth switch SW4 is used to control the short circuit or short circuit between the third radiator 221 and the fourth radiator 222.

[0198] When the antenna structure 200 is in vertical mode, the third switch SW3 is short-circuited (turn on) and the fourth switch SW4 is open-circuited (turn off); when the antenna structure 200 is in end-fire mode, the third switch SW3 is open-circuited (turn off) and the fourth switch SW4 is short-circuited (turn on), thereby achieving vertical and end-fire field pattern operation.

[0199] Embodiments of this application can improve field switching benefits and operating bandwidth by simultaneously setting the first switch SW1, the second switch SW2, the third switch SW3, and the fourth switch SW4.

[0200] In one embodiment of this application, it should be understood that the switches typically have parasitic resistance (Ron) during short circuits and capacitance (Coff) during open circuits. The third switch SW3 and the fourth switch SW4 are placed in the large electric field region of the antenna mode and are loaded in the antenna mode. In one embodiment, the capacitance of the third switch SW3 and the fourth switch SW4 is ≤10fF.

[0201] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application from another angle. To facilitate understanding of the structure obscured by the first radiator 211, the first radiator 211 has been hidden (e.g., shown by a dashed line). Reference Figure 12 As shown in the embodiment of this application, the first end of the first feed branch 31 is connected to the first feed portion 311. The first feed portion 311 can be located on the side of the first feed branch 31 facing the ground plane 30. The first feed portion 311 can extend along the Z-axis and connect to the feed source (not shown in the figure).

[0202] The first feed stub 31 is a vertically polarized feed stub for the vertical antenna. The first feed inlet 311 can be electrically connected to the radio frequency port of the transceiver chip 105 to achieve connection with the feed source. This electrical connection can be achieved, for example, through a microstrip line or other feed line. The first feed stub 31 and the first feed inlet 311 as a whole can be regarded as "Γ" shape.

[0203] The first end of the third feed branch 33 is connected to the second feed section 331. The second feed section 331 can be located on the side of the third feed branch 33 facing the ground plane 30. The second feed section 331 can extend along the Z-axis and connect to the feed source.

[0204] The third feed stub 33 is a horizontally polarized feed stub for the vertical antenna. The second feed section 331 can be electrically connected to the radio frequency port of the transceiver chip 105 to achieve connection with the feed source. This electrical connection can be achieved, for example, through a microstrip line or other feed line. The third feed stub 33 and the second feed section 331 as a whole can be regarded as "Γ" shape.

[0205] The first feed branch 31 and the third feed branch 33 are orthogonally arranged and insulated from each other. The first feed branch 31 and the third feed branch 33 can be disposed in different metal layers within the substrate 20. For example, the first feed branch 31 can be in the same metal layer as the first radiator 211, the second radiator 212, the third radiator 221, and the fourth radiator 222 to simplify the manufacturing process. The third feed branch 33 can be located in another metal layer below the first feed branch 31 (defined as the positive Z-axis direction as up and the negative Z-axis direction as down). An insulating layer is disposed between these two metal layers.

[0206] It should be noted that the first feed portion 311 and the second feed portion 331 are presented as columnar structures in the figure for easier visual understanding. It should be understood that the first feed portion 311 and the second feed portion 331 can be conductive connection hole structures within the substrate 20. These can be solid metal column structures formed by filling the connection holes with metal material, or metal layers formed after partially or completely covering the hole walls with metal material.

[0207] Figure 13 This is a side view of an antenna structure provided according to an embodiment of this application. (See reference...) Figure 12 and Figure 13As shown, in one possible implementation, the first grounding unit 351 may include a first grounding segment 3511, a second grounding segment 3512, and a third grounding segment 3513 connected in sequence. The first grounding segment 3511 is connected to the first radiator 211, and the third grounding segment 3513 is connected to the grounding plate 30. The first grounding segment 3511 and the third grounding segment 3513 may extend along the Z-axis and form a conductive connection hole structure. The second grounding segment 3512 may extend along the XY plane and is formed by a portion of the metal layer within the substrate 20. The first grounding unit 351 as a whole includes three bent segments with a total electrical length of 1 / 4λ. By setting the first grounding unit 351 as a multi-segment bent structure, it is beneficial to reduce the height between the first radiator 211 and the grounding plate 30, thereby reducing the overall volume of the antenna structure 200.

[0208] The location of the first grounding unit 351 is not specifically limited in this application. For example, the first grounding segment 3511 can be connected to the corner of the first radiator 211 near the second radiator 212 and the third radiator 221. The orthogonal projections of the second grounding segment 3512 and the third grounding segment 3513 on the first radiator 211 are located inside the first radiator 211 to avoid the second grounding segment 3512 and the third grounding segment 3513 interfering with the first feed-in section 311.

[0209] In addition, the structures of the first grounding unit 351 and the second grounding unit 352 can be arranged in a mirror symmetrical manner with respect to the third aperture. The structure of the second grounding unit 352 can be similar to that of the first grounding unit 351, also including three segments, which will not be described in detail here.

[0210] It should be understood that, in another possible implementation, both the first grounding unit 351 and the second grounding unit 352 can be conductive connection hole structures extending along the Z-axis, with a total electrical length satisfying 1 / 4λ. In this case, reference can be made to... Figure 7 and Figure 8 In the embodiment shown, neither the first grounding unit 351 nor the second grounding unit 352 has a bending section, which simplifies the grounding structure design.

[0211] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application from another angle. To facilitate understanding of the structure obscured by the fourth radiator 222, the fourth radiator 222 has been hidden (e.g., shown by a dashed line). Reference Figure 14 As shown, one end of the second feed stub 32 can be connected to the feed source (not marked in the figure), and the other end can be connected to the connecting stub 321. The connecting stub 321 can be connected between the third radiator 221 and the fourth radiator 222. The second feed stub 32 is a vertically polarized feed stub for the end-fire antenna, and the connecting stub 321 is used to directly feed the second feed stub 32 and the second radiating element 22.

[0212] The second power supply branch 32 can be a conductive connection hole structure in the substrate 20. The connection branch 321 can be disposed in a metal layer in the substrate 20. For example, the connection branch 321 can be in the same metal layer as the first power supply branch 31, the first radiator 211, the second radiator 212, the third radiator 221, and the fourth radiator 222 to simplify the manufacturing process.

[0213] Combination Figure 9 As shown, the first feeding structure 341 may include a fourth feed inlet 3411, a first connecting part 3412, and a fourth feeding part 3413 connected in sequence. The fourth feed inlet 3411 is connected to the feed source, and the fourth feeding part 3413 is disposed on the side of the seventh radiator 241 facing away from the eighth radiator 242. The second feeding structure 342 may include a fifth feed inlet 3421, a second connecting part 3422, and a fifth feeding part 3423 connected in sequence. The fifth feed inlet 3421 is connected to the feed source, and the fifth feeding part 3423 is disposed on the side of the eighth radiator 242 facing away from the seventh radiator 241.

[0214] The fourth feed section 3411, the fourth power feed section 3413, the fifth feed section 3421, and the fifth power feed section 3423 can extend along the X-axis, while the first connecting section 3412 and the second connecting section 3422 can extend along the Y-axis. The first power feed structure 341 and the second power feed structure 342 are integrally formed as a metal wire structure and can be formed from the same metal layer in the substrate 20 to simplify the manufacturing process.

[0215] The fourth feed stub 34 is a horizontally polarized feed stub for the end-fire antenna and is a coupled capacitive excitation structure. The fourth feed stub 34 is positioned between the second radiating element 22 and the third radiating element 23. Differential signals are carried on the first feed structure 341 and the second feed structure 342, carrying currents of the same magnitude but opposite phase, achieving excitation through non-connected capacitive coupling. In this embodiment, the fourth feed stub 34 is excited near the fourth radiating element 24, using a coupled feed method to excite the fourth radiating element 24, which avoids losses caused by impedance mismatch and improves the radiation efficiency of the end-fire antenna. It should be understood that the differential characteristic impedance of the fourth feed stub 34 is adjusted by adjusting the linewidth and spacing of the first feed structure 341 and the second feed structure 342.

[0216] The fourth feed branch 34 also includes a parasitic unit 343. The parasitic unit 343 is coplanar with the first feed structure 341 and the second feed structure 342. The parasitic unit 343 is disposed on the side of the first feed structure 341 and the second feed structure 342 that is away from the seventh radiator 241 and the eighth radiator 242, and is spaced apart from the first feed structure 341 and the second feed structure 342. The parasitic unit 343 extends along the Y-axis and is parallel to and spaced apart from the first connecting part 3412 and the second connecting part 3422.

[0217] Parasitic unit 343, first feed structure 341, and second feed structure 342 are formed from the same metal layer in substrate 20 to simplify the fabrication process. Parasitic unit 343 can enhance the differential mode of the differential current carried by the first feed structure 341 and the second feed structure 342 and suppress the common mode of the same current to ensure the horizontally polarized antenna mode of the excitation end-fire antenna.

[0218] Figure 15 This is a side view from another angle of an antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application. (See reference...) Figure 14 and Figure 15 As shown, in one possible implementation, the third grounding unit 361 may include a first grounding wall 361a and a second grounding wall 361b, which are respectively connected to the third radiator 221 at a first position and a second position, respectively, and the first and second positions are arranged at intervals on the third radiator 221. In one embodiment, the first grounding wall 361a is located on the side of the third radiator 221 closer to the fourth radiator 222, the seventh radiator 241 is connected to the first grounding wall 361a, and a first switch SW1 is connected between the second grounding wall 361b and the grounding plate 30.

[0219] The fourth grounding unit 362 may include a third grounding wall 362a and a fourth grounding wall 362b, which are respectively connected to the fourth radiator 222 at a third position and a fourth position, and the third and fourth positions are arranged at intervals on the fourth radiator 222. In one embodiment, the third grounding wall 362a is located on the side of the fourth radiator 222 closer to the third radiator 221, the eighth radiator 242 is connected to the third grounding wall 362a, and a second switch SW2 is connected between the fourth grounding wall 362b and the grounding plate 30.

[0220] The third grounding unit 361 can be a metal wall structure with a first hollow area 361c, which can be divided into a first grounding wall 361a and a second grounding wall 361b by the first hollow area 361c. The structure of the fourth grounding unit 362 can be the same as that of the third grounding unit 361. The fourth grounding unit 362 can be a metal wall structure with a second hollow area 362c, which can be divided into a third grounding wall 362a and a fourth grounding wall 362b by the second hollow area 362c.

[0221] The hollowed-out area is used to reduce unnecessary resonance, and the size of the hollowed-out area is not specifically limited in this embodiment. The width of the first grounding wall 361a can be greater than the width of the second grounding wall 361b, and the first switch SW1 can be connected to the second grounding wall 361b. The width of the third grounding wall 362a can be greater than the width of the fourth grounding wall 362b, and the second switch SW2 can be connected to the fourth grounding wall 362b.

[0222] The third grounding wall 362a may include a fourth grounding segment 3621, a fifth grounding segment 3622, and a sixth grounding segment 3623 connected in sequence. The fourth grounding segment 3621 is connected to the fourth radiator 222, and the sixth grounding segment 3623 is connected to the grounding plate 30. The fourth grounding segment 3621 and the sixth grounding segment 3623 may extend along the Z-axis and form a conductive connection hole structure. The fifth grounding segment 3622 may extend along the XY plane and is formed by a portion of the metal layer within the substrate 20. The third grounding wall 362a as a whole includes three bent segments with a total electrical length of 1 / 4λ. By setting the third grounding wall 362a as a multi-segment bent structure, it is beneficial to reduce the height between the fourth radiator 222 and the grounding plate 30, thereby reducing the overall volume of the antenna structure 200.

[0223] It should be understood that the structure of the first grounding wall 361a can be the same as that of the third grounding wall 362a, and is arranged symmetrically with respect to the third aperture. The structure of the first grounding wall 361a will not be described in detail here.

[0224] It should be understood that, in another possible implementation, the first grounding wall 361a and the third grounding wall 362a can be conductive connection hole structures extending along the Z-axis, with a total electrical length satisfying 1 / 4λ. In this case, reference can be made to... Figures 7-9 In the embodiment shown, the first grounding wall 361a and the third grounding wall 362a do not have bending sections, which simplifies the structural design.

[0225] Figure 16 This is a structural schematic diagram of a metal wall provided according to an embodiment of this application. (Reference) Figure 16As shown, in one possible implementation, the grounding walls 361a, 361b, 362a, 362b and the radiators 241, 242 are all metal wall structures. The metal wall can be composed of multiple conductive connection holes, which can be spaced apart and connected by a metal layer. Each conductive connection hole structure can be a solid metal column structure formed by filling the connection hole with metal material, or a metal layer formed after partially or completely covering the hole wall with metal material.

[0226] In another possible implementation, the metal wall structure can be a complete wall structure, which can be a solid metal column structure formed by filling a long strip cavity with metal material, or a metal layer formed by partially or completely covering the inner wall of the long strip cavity with metal material.

[0227] In one embodiment, the antenna structure provided in the above-described embodiments of this application can support millimeter-wave frequency bands, such as the 5G millimeter-wave frequency band. In millimeter-wave antenna modules used in mobile phones and other electronic devices, the length and width of an antenna element can be less than 4mm, and the thickness can be less than 1.5mm.

[0228] Figure 17 This is a top view schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application. (Reference) Figure 17 and Figure 13 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the distance H1 between the first radiating unit 21 and the grounding plate 30 can be 0.9 mm, the distance H2 between the second radiating unit 22 and the grounding plate 30 can be 1.05 mm, the length L1 of the first radiating unit 21 can be 3.5 mm, the length L2 of the second radiating unit 22 can be 3.5 mm, all six radiators can be squares with missing corners, the side length L3 of the square can be 1.55 mm, the missing corner can be a square, the width L4 of the missing corner can be 0.4 mm, the widths of the first gap C1, the second gap C2, the third gap C3, and the fourth gap C4 can be the same, and the gap width L5 can be 0.4 mm.

[0229] The above dimensions are 3.5*3.5*1.05mm. 3 The antenna elements are arranged as follows Figure 4 The antenna structure 200 shown can be short-circuited or open-circuited by the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2. By combining it with a vertical dual-polarized feed stub or an end-fire dual-polarized feed stub, the antenna structure 200 can be excited, and the radiation gain pattern of the antenna structure 200 can be obtained.

[0230] Figure 18 The radiation gain pattern of an antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application. (Reference) Figure 18As shown, BR represents the vertical antenna, with maximum gain directed towards the vertical direction where Theta = 0° (corresponding to...). Figure 7 (Z direction), EF represents the end-fire antenna, and the maximum gain is in the end-fire direction where Theta = 90° (corresponding to...). Figure 7 (Center + X direction). The antenna structure provided in this application embodiment co-constructs a vertical antenna and an end-fire antenna. Compared with related technologies that only have a vertical antenna, the coverage angle is increased by approximately 90°, and the antenna gain is 7dB in the end-fire direction where Theta = 90°. Therefore, it can be seen that the antenna structure 200 provided in this application embodiment, by co-constructing a vertical antenna and an end-fire antenna, can significantly increase the coverage angle and antenna gain without increasing the antenna area.

[0231] Figure 19 This is a cumulative function diagram of the antenna gain distribution of an antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application. A1 and A2 represent the antenna gain of related technologies involving only vertical antennas, and B1 and B2 represent the application of the above-described antenna structure 200 in the electronic device 100 in this application, and in accordance with... Figure 5 The antenna gain is quantized after arranging the antennas in the specified positions. A1 and B1 represent frequencies of -27GHz, and A2 and B2 represent frequencies of -40GHz. 20% CDF is an important indicator for observing weak field strength under operator specifications, while 50% CDF is an important indicator for observing weak field strength under 3GPP specifications. (Reference) Figure 19 As shown, when the vertical axis is 20%, the horizontal axes of A2 and B2 are 5.3 and 7.5 respectively, meaning that at the same frequency of -40GHz, the antenna gain of mobile phone millimeter waves provided by related technologies is 5.3dB, while that of this application is 7.5dB, representing an improvement of 2.2dB. When the vertical axis is 50%, at the same frequency of -40GHz, the antenna gain of mobile phone millimeter waves provided by related technologies is 8.6dB, while that of this application is 9.2dB, representing an improvement of 0.6dB.

[0232] Figure 20 This document presents an antenna gain pattern diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application in the YZ plane. The direction where Theta = 0° represents the vertical direction, the direction where Theta = 90° represents the end-fire direction, BR_V and BR_H represent the vertically polarized and horizontally polarized radiation pattern diagrams of the vertical mode, respectively, and EF_V and EF_H represent the vertically polarized and horizontally polarized radiation pattern diagrams of the end-fire mode, respectively. Table 1 shows the antenna gain data of the antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application, and Table 2 shows the antenna coverage angle data of the antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0233] refer to Figure 20As shown in Tables 1 and 2, taking vertical polarization as an example, when operating in vertical mode, the gain in the +Z direction is 4.2dB, while when operating in end-fire mode, the gain in the +Z direction is only -2.0dB. Therefore, by switching the field pattern, a switching gain of 6.2dB can be obtained in the +Z direction. Similarly, when operating in vertical mode, the gain in the +X direction is only -3.8dB, but if switched to end-fire mode, a gain of 2.9dB can be obtained. Therefore, by switching the field pattern, a switching gain of 6.7dB can be obtained in the +X direction. In addition, looking at the gain angle range greater than 0dB, the gain coverage angle of related technologies with only vertical antennas is 120°. This application can extend the coverage angle to 270° by switching between vertical and end-fire modes. Therefore, the gain of this application in terms of coverage angle compared with related technologies is 150°.

[0234] Table 1

[0235]

[0236] Table 2

[0237]

[0238] The above Figures 18-20 The antenna structure 200 provided in this application embodiment is shown in one implementation. In this implementation, the antenna structure 200 is a co-structured vertical and end-fire antenna with switchable dual-polarization field pattern. At this time, the antenna structure 200 may include four radiating elements 21-24, four feed stubs 31-34, and two switches SW1 and SW2. By switching the switches and coordinating with the selection of the feed stubs, the antenna structure can achieve a dual-polarized vertical radiation field pattern or a dual-polarized end-fire radiation field pattern.

[0239] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application. (See reference...) Figure 21 As shown, in some other embodiments, the antenna structure 200 can be a vertically polarized dual-band antenna. In this case, the antenna structure 200 can include three radiating elements 21-23, a first feed stub 31, a second feed stub 33, and only a vertically polarized antenna and an end-fire vertically polarized antenna. The vertical antenna can simultaneously support both low-frequency and high-frequency bands, and the end-fire antenna can also simultaneously support both low-frequency and high-frequency bands. The structure and working principle of the vertically polarized antenna and the end-fire vertically polarized antenna can be referred to the description of the dual-polarized Changxing switchable co-structured vertical and end-fire antenna above, and will not be repeated here.

[0240] Figure 22a for Figure 21 The provided antenna structure shows the vertical and end-fire vertical polarization radiation gain patterns in the low-frequency band. Figure 22b for Figure 21The provided antenna structure exhibits vertical and end-fire vertical polarization radiation gain patterns in the high-frequency band. The low-frequency band is 29.0 GHz, and the high-frequency band is 39.0 GHz. In the low-frequency band, in the +Z direction, the switching gain in vertical mode compared to end-fire mode is 5.5 dB, and in the +X direction, the switching gain in end-fire mode compared to vertical mode is 8.9 dB. In the high-frequency band, in the +Z direction, the switching gain in vertical mode compared to end-fire mode is 5.8 dB, and in the +X direction, the switching gain in end-fire mode compared to end-fire mode is 6.2 dB.

[0241] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in one embodiment of this application. (See reference...) Figure 23 As shown, in some other embodiments, the antenna structure 200 can be a horizontally polarized dual-band antenna. In this case, the antenna structure 200 may include four radiating elements 21-24, a second feed stub 32, and a fourth feed stub 34, comprising only a vertically horizontally polarized antenna and an end-fire horizontally polarized antenna. The vertical antenna can simultaneously support both low-frequency and high-frequency bands, and the end-fire antenna can also simultaneously support both low-frequency and high-frequency bands. The structure and operating principle of the vertically horizontally polarized antenna and the end-fire horizontally polarized antenna can be referred to the description of the dual-polarized Changxing switchable co-structured vertical and end-fire antenna above, and will not be repeated here.

[0242] Figure 24a for Figure 23 The provided antenna structure shows the vertical and end-fire horizontal polarization radiation gain patterns in the low-frequency band. Figure 24b for Figure 23 The provided antenna structure exhibits vertical and end-fire horizontal polarization radiation gain patterns in the high-frequency band. The low-frequency band is 29.0 GHz, and the high-frequency band is 39.0 GHz. In the low-frequency band, in the +X direction, operating in end-fire mode yields a 5 dB switching gain compared to operating in vertical mode. In the high-frequency band, in the +Z direction, operating in vertical mode yields a 7.0 dB switching gain compared to operating in end-fire mode, and in the +X direction, operating in end-fire mode yields a 2.0 dB switching gain compared to operating in end-fire mode.

[0243] In summary, the antenna structure provided in this application can be a co-structured vertical and end-fire antenna with switchable dual-polarization field patterns, or it can be a vertically polarized dual-band antenna, or it can be a horizontally polarized dual-band antenna. Under these three implementation methods, compared with setting only a vertical antenna or only an end-fire antenna, a significant antenna gain can be obtained.

[0244] The antenna structure provided in the above-described embodiments of this application multiplexes the second radiating elements in the vertical antenna and the end-fire antenna. Through circuit control, the antenna radiation pattern can be reconstructed, allowing the antenna structure to have a radiation pattern in either the vertical or end-fire direction. The antenna structure supports dual polarization in both radiation models. Compared to related technologies that only use a vertical antenna, the antenna structure provided in this application does not increase the antenna area, allowing it to be placed on the side of electronic devices. Furthermore, it improves radiation gain and signal coverage angle. Compared to related technologies that simply place the vertical and end-fire antennas adjacent to each other, the antenna area can be reduced by at least 30%.

[0245] The antenna structure 200 provided in the above embodiments of this application is a millimeter-wave antenna module used in mobile phones. It should be understood that the antenna structure 200 provided in the embodiments of this application is not limited to millimeter-wave antenna modules. For example, the antenna structure 200 provided in the embodiments of this application can also be applied to base station antennas, Wi-Fi sharing antennas, head-mounted device antennas, space positioning antennas, UWB (Ultra Wideband) antennas, IoT (Internet of Things) antennas, etc.

[0246] In one example, the antenna structure 200 provided in this application embodiment can be applied in a base station antenna. Each antenna element in the base station antenna can increase the radiation pattern in the end-fire direction without increasing the original area by co-constructing vertical and end-fire switching, effectively improving the signal coverage of the base station or reducing the number of base station antennas.

[0247] In another example, the antenna structure 200 provided in this application embodiment can be applied to ceiling-mounted and wall-mounted Wi-Fi sharing antennas. By co-constructing vertical and end-fire switching, the vertical antenna can be connected to the user, or switched to the end-fire direction to form a mesh grid with other home IoT appliances and other Wi-Fi sharing devices, thereby improving indoor signal coverage.

[0248] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna structure, characterized by Comprise: a ground plate, a first radiating element, a second radiating element, a third radiating element, a first feeding branch and a second feeding branch; the first radiating element and the ground plate are arranged along a virtual Z axis and are oppositely arranged, the first radiating element and the second radiating element are arranged along a virtual X axis, a first gap between the first radiating element and the second radiating element extends along a virtual Y axis, the third radiating element and the second radiating element are arranged along a virtual Z axis and are oppositely arranged, and the first radiating element, the second radiating element and the third radiating element are respectively coupled to the ground plate; at least a part of the first feeding branch is arranged in a first aperture, the first aperture comprises a space between the first gap and the ground plate, and at least a part of the second feeding branch is arranged in a second aperture, the second aperture comprises a space between the second radiating element and the third radiating element; wherein the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis are perpendicular to each other; the antenna structure comprises a vertical antenna and an end-fire antenna, the vertical antenna comprises the first radiating element, the second radiating element, the first feeding branch and the ground plate, and the end-fire antenna comprises the second radiating element, the third radiating element, the second feeding branch and the ground plate.

2. The antenna structure of claim 1, wherein, The first radiating element comprises a first radiator and a second radiator arranged along the Y axis, and a second gap between the first radiator and the second radiator extends along the X axis; the second radiating element comprises a third radiator and a fourth radiator arranged along the Y axis, and a third gap between the third radiator and the fourth radiator extends along the X axis; and the third radiating element comprises a fifth radiator and a sixth radiator arranged along the Y axis, and a fourth gap between the fifth radiator and the sixth radiator extends along the X axis.

3. The antenna structure of claim 2, wherein, The antenna structure further comprises a third feeding branch, at least a part of the third feeding branch is arranged in a third aperture, and the third aperture comprises a space between the second gap and the third gap and the ground plate.

4. The antenna structure of claim 3, wherein, The antenna structure further comprises a fourth radiating element and a fourth feeding branch; The fourth radiating element is arranged between the third radiating element and the second radiating element and is coupled to the ground plate, the fourth radiating element comprises a seventh radiator and an eighth radiator, the seventh radiator is arranged between the third radiator and the fifth radiator, and the eighth radiator is arranged between the fourth radiator and the sixth radiator; The fourth feeding branch comprises a first feeding structure and a second feeding structure, the first feeding structure is coupled to the seventh radiator, and the second feeding structure is coupled to the eighth radiator.

5. The antenna structure of claim 4, wherein, The antenna structure comprises a first ground element, a second ground element, a third ground element and a fourth ground element; the first ground element is connected between the first radiator and the ground plate, the second ground element is connected between the second radiator and the ground plate, The third ground unit is connected between the third radiator and the ground plate, and is connected to one end of the third radiator facing the first radiator. The fourth ground unit is connected between the fourth radiator and the ground plate, and is connected to one end of the fourth radiator facing the second radiator. The seventh radiator is connected to the third ground unit, and the eighth radiator is connected to the fourth ground unit.

6. The antenna structure of claim 5, wherein, The third ground unit comprises a first ground wall and a second ground wall, which are connected to the third radiator at a first position and a second position respectively, and the first position and the second position are arranged at intervals on the third radiator. The first ground wall is located on the side of the third radiator close to the fourth radiator, and the seventh radiator is connected to the first ground wall. The second ground wall is connected to the ground plate through a first switch. The fourth ground unit comprises a third ground wall and a fourth ground wall, which are connected to the fourth radiator at a third position and a fourth position respectively, and the third position and the fourth position are arranged at intervals on the fourth radiator. The third ground wall is located on the side of the fourth radiator close to the third radiator, and the eighth radiator is connected to the third ground wall. The fourth ground wall is connected to the ground plate through a second switch.

7. The antenna structure of any of claims 2-6, wherein, The antenna structure further comprises a third switch and a fourth switch. The third switch is connected between the fifth radiator and the sixth radiator, and is located at the end of the third radiation unit away from the first radiation unit. The fourth switch is connected between the third radiator and the fourth radiator, and is located at the end of the second radiation unit close to the first radiation unit.

8. The antenna structure of claim 5, wherein, The seventh radiator and the eighth radiator are both arranged perpendicularly to the ground plate. The first end of the seventh radiator is connected to the third ground unit, and the second end of the seventh radiator extends away from the eighth radiator. The first end of the eighth radiator is connected to the fourth ground unit, and the second end of the eighth radiator extends away from the seventh radiator.

9. The antenna structure according to any of claims 2-6, 8, characterized in that, The first feeding branch extends along the X-axis. The projection of the first end of the first feeding branch on the XY plane is located within the projection of the second gap on the XY plane. The projection of the second end of the first feeding branch on the XY plane is located within the projection of the third gap on the XY plane. The second feeding branch extends along the Z-axis, and one end of the second feeding branch is coupled to the second radiation unit.

10. The antenna structure of any of claims 3-6, wherein, The first gap comprises a first sub-gap and a second sub-gap, the first sub-gap is between the first radiator and the third radiator, the second sub-gap is between the second radiator and the fourth radiator, the third feeding branch extends along the Y axis, a projection of a first end of the third feeding branch on an XY plane is within a projection of the first sub-gap on the XY plane, a projection of a second end of the third feeding branch on the XY plane is within a projection of the second sub-gap on the XY plane.

11. The antenna structure of claim 5 or 6, wherein, The first ground unit comprises a first ground segment, a second ground segment and a third ground segment connected in sequence, the first ground segment connects the first radiator, the third ground segment connects the ground plate, the first ground segment and the third ground segment extend along the Z axis, and the second ground segment extends along an XY plane.

12. The antenna structure of claim 5 or 6, wherein, The third ground wall comprises a fourth ground segment, a fifth ground segment and a sixth ground segment connected in sequence, the fourth ground segment connects the fourth radiator, the sixth ground segment connects the ground plate, the fourth ground segment and the sixth ground segment extend along the Z axis, and the fifth ground segment extends along the XY plane.

13. The antenna structure of any of claims 1-6, 8, wherein, The third radiation unit multiplexes part of the structure of the ground plate.

14. The antenna structure of any of claims 4-6, wherein, The vertical antenna further comprises the third feeding branch, and the end-fire antenna further comprises the fourth radiation unit and the fourth feeding branch.

15. The antenna structure of claim 14, wherein, The vertical antenna comprises a vertical vertical polarization field type and a vertical horizontal polarization field type, the first feeding branch feeds the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit to form the vertical vertical polarization field type, and the third feeding branch feeds the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit to form the vertical horizontal polarization field type. The end-fire antenna comprises an end-fire vertical polarization field type and an end-fire horizontal polarization field type, the second feeding branch feeds the second radiation unit and the third radiation unit to form the end-fire vertical polarization field type, and the fourth feeding branch feeds the fourth radiation unit to form the end-fire horizontal polarization field type.

16. The antenna structure of any of claims 2-6, 8, wherein, The first radiator, the second radiator, the third radiator and the fourth radiator are all rectangular with a missing corner, and the first radiator, the second radiator, the third radiator and the fourth radiator are centrally symmetric about a center point.

17. A packaged antenna, comprising: The electronic device comprises a front surface and a back surface arranged oppositely, the front surface and the back surface are connected by a middle frame, the middle frame comprises a top portion, a right side portion, a bottom portion and a left side portion connected in sequence.

18. A chip, characterized by The electronic device comprises a front surface and a back surface arranged oppositely, the front surface and the back surface are connected by a middle frame, the middle frame comprises a top portion, a right side portion, a bottom portion and a left side portion connected in sequence.

19. An electronic device, comprising: ​ 20. The electronic device of claim 19, wherein, ​ The number of the antenna structures is three, one of which is disposed on the back of the electronic device and is within a first threshold distance from the upper edge of the top portion, and the other two are disposed on the left and right side portions, respectively, and are within a second threshold distance from the left edge of the left side portion and the right edge of the right side portion, respectively.

Images