A liquid hydrogen pressurization and filling system driven by thermal booster and hydrogen compressor

Abstract

The present invention discloses a liquid hydrogen pressurization and filling system driven in coordination with thermal supercharging and hydrogen compressors. The system takes a cryogenic and high-pressure container and a hydrogen compressor as the core of the system, and adopts the coordinated drive of isochoric thermal supercharging of the cryogenic and high-pressure container and mechanical supercharging of the hydrogen compressor to realize low-power liquid hydrogen gasification and supercharging, and adopts the type of cascade high-pressure storage tanks for on-board storage tank filling; the supercharging process and the filling process are deeply coupled, making full use of the cold energy of liquid hydrogen to realize the cooling of the hydrogen compressor and the pre-cooling of the filling hydrogen flow. The present invention is based on the combination of thermally driven isochoric compression and mechanical compression of hydrogen compressors, making full use of the cold energy of liquid hydrogen, and combining cascade storage tanks to reduce the loss of the filling process, thereby reducing the compression power consumption and pre-cooling energy consumption of traditional liquid hydrogen gasification and supercharging hydrogen filling stations, and realizing low-energy continuous filling of liquid hydrogen gasification and supercharging hydrogen filling stations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen fuel filling, and in particular relates to a liquid hydrogen pressurization filling system driven in coordination with a thermal pressurization and a hydrogen compressor. Background Art

[0002] Liquid hydrogen refueling stations have the characteristics of small footprint and large capacity, and are more suitable for large-scale hydrogen refueling needs than high-pressure gas hydrogen refueling stations. According to different pressurization methods, liquid hydrogen refueling stations can be divided into gaseous pressurization type and liquid pressurization type, that is, pressurization through compressors and pressurization through high-pressure liquid hydrogen pumps.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent document with publication number CN207196076U discloses a hydrogen supply system for a liquid hydrogen high-pressure hydrogenation station, which uses a compressor for pressurization; Chinese patent document with publication number CN115355440A discloses a low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen mixed filling type hydrogenation station, which uses a liquid hydrogen booster pump for pressurization.

[0004] The gaseous pressurized liquid hydrogen refueling station is a station that gasifies liquid hydrogen through a heat exchanger and then pressurizes it through a hydrogen compressor to achieve the pressure replenishment of the cascade high-pressure storage tank, and then refills the on-board storage tank through the cascade tank. Compared with liquid pressurized hydrogen refueling stations, the investment cost and technical difficulty of gaseous pressurized hydrogen refueling stations are lower. At present, domestic liquid hydrogen refueling stations mainly rely on hydrogen compressors to achieve liquid hydrogen pressurization and refueling. However, since the gaseous pressurized hydrogen refueling station directly gasifies liquid hydrogen into hydrogen through a heat exchanger, a large amount of liquid hydrogen cooling energy is wasted; due to the low initial density of hydrogen and the problem of gas compression heat generation, the compression efficiency of the hydrogen compressor is much lower than that of the liquid hydrogen pump, and it is the main energy-consuming component in the gaseous pressurized liquid hydrogen refueling station; since the actual refueling process, the refueling hydrogen flow needs to be kept at a low temperature to avoid overheating of the on-board storage tank, so pre-cooling the refueling hydrogen flow also requires power consumption. Therefore, how to improve the compression efficiency of gaseous pressurized liquid hydrogen refueling stations, reduce the energy consumption of compression and pre-cooling, and how to make good use of liquid hydrogen cooling energy and realize liquid hydrogen cooling energy recovery have become key issues that need to be urgently solved in gaseous pressurized liquid hydrogen refueling stations.

[0005] As a pressurization method that does not rely on mechanical work, thermal compression heats the liquid hydrogen in a sealed low-temperature high-pressure storage tank to increase the pressure in the tank. However, in the existing thermal compression process, it is impossible to utilize the residual hydrogen in the container after filling by simply relying on thermal compression. More than 30% of the hydrogen cannot be used and is discharged into the atmosphere. In addition, it is difficult to achieve continuous and rapid filling in the thermal compression process, so it is difficult to apply it in actual liquid hydrogen refueling stations.

[0006] In summary, the traditional mechanical liquid hydrogen gasification and pressurization method based on hydrogen compressor has the problems of high power consumption, low compression efficiency, and high pre-cooling energy consumption, and it is difficult to further reduce energy consumption. Although the heat-driven pressurization method that does not rely on mechanical work can reduce energy consumption, it has problems such as large-scale liquid hydrogen unloading and slow pressurization speed. Therefore, it is urgent to explore new low-energy liquid hydrogen gasification and pressurization filling methods. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention provides a liquid hydrogen pressurization and filling system driven in coordination by a thermal pressurization and a hydrogen compressor, which realizes liquid hydrogen thermal pressurization and cold energy recovery through isochoric heat exchange in a low-temperature and high-pressure container, and then assists in filling cascade high-pressure storage tanks with the assistance of a hydrogen compressor to maintain the pressure of the cascade high-pressure storage tanks, thereby realizing low-energy consumption filling of liquid hydrogen filling stations.

[0008] A liquid hydrogen pressurization and filling system driven by thermal pressurization and hydrogen compressor, comprising a site liquid hydrogen storage tank, a cryogenic high-pressure container, a hydrogen compressor and a cascade high-pressure storage tank;

[0009] There are multiple low-temperature and high-pressure containers, each of which is provided with an input pipeline, an output pipeline and a return pipeline, and a precooling heat exchanger is provided inside the low-temperature and high-pressure container;

[0010] Each input pipeline is connected to the input main pipe through an input regulating valve, each output pipeline is connected to the output main pipe through an output regulating valve, and each return pipeline is connected to the return main pipe through a return regulating valve; the inlet end of each precooling heat exchanger is connected to the precooling circuit through a No. 3 three-way valve, and the outlet end is connected to the filling main pipe;

[0011] One end of the input main pipe is connected to the outlet of the station liquid hydrogen storage tank through the input regulating main valve, and the other end is connected to the liquid pool heat exchanger immersed in the liquid pool through the circulating pump; one end of the reflux main pipe is connected to the inlet of the station liquid hydrogen storage tank through the main reflux regulating valve, and the other end is connected to the liquid pool heat exchanger; the input main pipe, the reflux main pipe, the circulating pump, the liquid pool and the liquid pool heat exchanger constitute a thermal boosting circuit to achieve controllable and efficient thermal boosting of the low-temperature and high-pressure container;

[0012] The end of the output main pipe is connected to the No. 1 three-way valve and then enters the hydrogen compressor immersed in the liquid pool. The outlet of the hydrogen compressor is connected to the bypass of the No. 1 three-way valve and then connected to the pressure-boosting main pipe; one end of the pressure-boosting main pipe is connected to the pressure-boosting main pipe safety valve, and the other end is connected to the pressure-boosting pipeline leading to the cascade high-pressure storage tank through the pressure-boosting regulating valve;

[0013] One end of the filling main pipe is connected to the filling pipeline leading to the cascade high-pressure storage tank through a filling regulating valve, and the other end is connected to the vehicle-mounted storage tank via a No. 2 three-way valve; the bypass of the No. 2 three-way valve is connected to the precooling circuit, and the precooling circuit flows to the precooling heat exchanger in the low-temperature and high-pressure container through the No. 3 three-way valve, and then merges into the precooling circuit and then merges into the filling main pipe.

[0014] The present invention takes a cryogenic and high-pressure container as the system core, and adopts a combination of isochoric thermal pressurization of the cryogenic and high-pressure container and mechanical supercharging of the hydrogen compressor to achieve liquid hydrogen pressurization to a maximum of 80-100 MPa, and adopts a cascade of high-pressure storage tanks for on-board storage tank filling; the pressurization process and the filling process fully utilize the cold energy of liquid hydrogen, introduce the filling hydrogen flow into the heat exchanger in the cryogenic and high-pressure container for temperature reduction and pre-cooling, and utilize the cold capacity of liquid hydrogen to reduce the temperature of the liquid pool and the hydrogen compressor, so as to reduce the pre-cooling energy consumption and compression power consumption, and achieve efficient liquid hydrogen pressurization and filling and cold energy recovery and utilization.

[0015] In the present invention, a No. 1 three-way valve is arranged in front of the hydrogen compressor to bypass the hydrogen compressor and directly replenish the pressure to the cascade high-pressure storage tank to adapt to the pressure state of different low-temperature high-pressure containers and cascade high-pressure storage tanks. A No. 2 three-way valve is arranged on the filling main pipe to bypass the precooling circuit to adjust the filling fluid temperature. A No. 3 three-way valve is arranged on the precooling circuit to select the low-temperature high-pressure container in the hot pressurization state for heat exchange precooling.

[0016] Furthermore, the site liquid hydrogen storage tank is provided with a site liquid hydrogen storage tank safety valve, and the vehicle-mounted storage tank is provided with a discharge regulating valve.

[0017] Furthermore, a pressure sensor is provided on the liquid hydrogen storage tank at the site, and each cryogenic and high-pressure container, vehicle-mounted storage tank and cascade high-pressure storage tank is connected with a temperature and pressure sensor. The data measured by the sensor is transmitted to the control center in real time to control the operation of the hydrogen compressor, circulating pump and each regulating valve.

[0018] Optionally, there are two cryogenic and high-pressure containers, one of which is in a thermal pressurization process. After the site liquid hydrogen storage tank is filled with liquid hydrogen, isochoric temperature and pressurization are performed through a thermal pressurization circuit composed of a liquid pool heat exchanger and a circulating pump; the other is in a pressure replenishment process. When the pressure is sufficient, it is directly filled into the cascade high-pressure storage tank. When the pressure is insufficient, it is pressurized by a hydrogen compressor and then filled.

[0019] Optionally, there are three cascade high-pressure storage tanks, corresponding to a high-pressure filling container (higher than the upper pressure limit required for filling the vehicle storage tank), a medium-pressure filling container and a low-pressure filling container (higher than the lower pressure limit required for filling the vehicle storage tank), and the cascade high-pressure storage tanks are pressurized sequentially from high pressure to low pressure by a low-temperature high-pressure container and a hydrogen compressor that are thermally pressurized.

[0020] Furthermore, the precooling heat exchanger is in the form of a pipe wrapped around the inner tank of the low-temperature and high-pressure container; or, the precooling heat exchanger is buried inside the inner tank of the low-temperature and high-pressure container and is in the form of a fin tube heat exchanger or a bellows heat exchanger.

[0021] Furthermore, the hydrogen compressor is a reciprocating piston compressor, a reciprocating diaphragm compressor or an ionic liquid compressor.

[0022] Optionally, the heat exchange method between the hydrogen compressor and the liquid pool is not limited to the entire hydrogen compressor being immersed in the liquid pool, and methods such as immersing the hydrogen compressor output pipeline may also be used; the hydrogen compressor may also use a two-stage or multi-stage compressor and perform intermediate cooling through the liquid pool.

[0023] Optionally, the working fluid in the liquid pool may be water or a phase-change energy storage working fluid; an air heat exchanger may be additionally installed to better control the temperature of the liquid pool.

[0024] In the present invention, the liquid hydrogen pressurization and filling system includes a hot pressurization process, a pressure replenishment process and a filling process; wherein, two low-temperature and high-pressure vessels are respectively in the hot pressurization process and the pressure replenishment process, and the processes are swapped at the end of the process, the low-temperature and high-pressure vessel originally in the hot pressurization process enters the pressure replenishment process, and the low-temperature and high-pressure vessel originally in the pressure replenishment process enters the hot pressurization process, thereby realizing the coupled, coordinated and continuous execution of the hot pressurization, pressure replenishment and filling processes.

[0025] The hot pressurization process, pressure replenishment process and filling process are as follows:

[0026] In the thermal pressurization process, the pressure of the corresponding cryogenic and high-pressure container is low, and its input regulating valve and reflux regulating valve are opened. Liquid hydrogen enters the cryogenic and high-pressure container from the site liquid hydrogen storage tank through the input main pipe, and the hydrogen in the cryogenic and high-pressure container is refluxed to the site liquid hydrogen storage tank through the reflux main pipe until the cryogenic and high-pressure container is filled with liquid hydrogen; when the cryogenic and high-pressure container is full of liquid hydrogen, the input regulating main valve and the reflux regulating main valve are closed, and the input pipeline and output pipeline of the cryogenic and high-pressure container, the circulating pump and the liquid pool heat exchanger form a thermal pressurization circuit, and the No. 3 three-way valve and the precooling heat exchanger form a precooling circuit. The two circuits cooperate to input heat into the cryogenic and high-pressure container to achieve isochoric thermal pressurization, until the hydrogen temperature in the cryogenic and high-pressure container is close to room temperature or the pressure is close to the design value of the container, and the thermal pressurization process ends;

[0027] In the pressure replenishment process, another cryogenic high-pressure container replenishes pressure to each cascade high-pressure storage tank from high pressure to low pressure according to the pressure level of each cascade high-pressure storage tank; when the pressure of the cryogenic high-pressure container is higher than the pressure replenishment requirement of the cascade high-pressure storage tank, the pressure is replenished directly from the cryogenic high-pressure container to the cascade high-pressure storage tank; when the pressure of the cryogenic high-pressure container is lower than the pressure replenishment requirement of the cascade high-pressure storage tank, the hydrogen compressor is used for pressure replenishment;

[0028] During the filling process, the filling hydrogen flow flows out from the cascade high-pressure storage tank with the lowest pressure that can meet the filling demand, and a part of the hydrogen flow is diverted into the pre-cooling circuit through the No. 2 three-way valve. The hydrogen flow is introduced into the pre-cooling heat exchanger in the low-temperature and high-pressure container in the hot pressurization process through the No. 3 three-way valve for pre-cooling. After being mixed with the hydrogen flow bypassed by the No. 3 three-way valve to reach the filling requirement temperature, the on-board storage tank is filled. When the pressure of the cascade high-pressure storage tank currently responsible for the filling work is insufficient, the cascade high-pressure storage tank with higher pressure is used for filling, thereby realizing low-energy cascade filling of hydrogen.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. The present invention increases the temperature and pressure of liquid hydrogen in a low-temperature and high-pressure container at the same volume, and supplements the pressure to the cascade high-pressure storage tank with the assistance of a hydrogen compressor, thereby reducing the compression power consumption of the traditional liquid hydrogen gasification and pressurization process. At the same time, the hydrogen compressor solves the problem that the low-pressure hydrogen in the low-temperature and high-pressure container in the traditional hot compression scheme cannot be used, thereby realizing low-energy consumption filling of liquid hydrogen refueling stations.

[0031] 2. The present invention utilizes liquid hydrogen cooling energy to realize cooling of the hydrogen compressor and pre-cooling of the hydrogen filling flow, realizes the recycling of liquid hydrogen cooling energy, and reduces the cooling energy consumption of the hydrogen compressor and pre-cooling energy consumption of the hydrogen filling flow in the traditional liquid hydrogen gasification booster hydrogenation station. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a liquid hydrogen pressurizing and filling system driven in coordination with a thermal pressurizer and a hydrogen compressor according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be pointed out that the embodiments described below are intended to facilitate the understanding of the present invention and do not have any limiting effect on the present invention.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, a liquid hydrogen pressurization and filling system driven by thermal boosting and hydrogen compressor in coordination includes a site liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a site liquid hydrogen storage tank safety valve 2, an input regulating main valve 3, an input regulating valve 4, a low-temperature and high-pressure container 5, a reflux regulating valve 6, a reflux regulating main valve 7, a liquid pool 8, an ambient temperature heat exchanger 9, a circulating pump 10, an output regulating valve 11, a No. 1 three-way valve 12, a hydrogen compressor 13, a motor 14, a pressure boosting main pipe safety valve 15, a pressure boosting regulating valve 16, a cascade high-pressure storage tank 17, a filling regulating valve 18, a No. 2 three-way valve 19, a No. 3 three-way valve 20, a pre-cooling heat exchanger 21, an on-board storage tank 22 and a discharge regulating valve 23.

[0035] An input pipeline, an output pipeline and a return pipeline are provided on the low-temperature and high-pressure container 5, and a precooling heat exchanger 21 is provided inside the low-temperature and high-pressure container 5; each input pipeline is connected to the input main pipe through an input regulating valve 4, each output pipeline is connected to the output main pipe through an output regulating valve 11, and each return pipeline is connected to the return main pipe through a return regulating valve 6; the inlet end of each precooling heat exchanger 21 is connected to the No. 2 three-way valve 19 through the No. 3 three-way valve 20, and the outlet end is connected to the filling main pipe.

[0036] One end of the input main pipe is connected to the outlet of the site liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 through the input regulating main valve 3, and the other end forms a part of the thermal boosting circuit with the circulating pump 10 and the liquid pool heat exchanger 9; one end of the reflux main pipe is connected to the inlet of the site liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 through the reflux regulating main valve 7, and the other end is connected to the liquid pool heat exchanger 9 to form a part of the thermal boosting circuit; the end of the output main pipe is connected to the hydrogen compressor 13 driven by the motor 14 through the No. 1 three-way valve 12, and the outlet of the hydrogen compressor 13 is connected to the pressure boosting main pipe after merging with the bypass of the No. 1 three-way valve 12, and a pressure boosting main pipe safety valve 15 is installed at one end of the pressure boosting main pipe.

[0037] The liquid pool heat exchanger 9 and the hydrogen compressor 13 are immersed in the liquid pool 8 together to exchange heat with the liquid pool 8 .

[0038] The cascade high-pressure storage tank 17 is provided with a pressure-compensating pipeline and a filling pipeline. Each pressure-compensating pipeline is connected to the pressure-compensating main pipe through a pressure-compensating regulating valve 16, and each filling pipeline is connected to the filling main pipe through a filling regulating valve 18; the filling main pipe is connected to the No. 2 three-way valve 19.

[0039] The filling main pipe is split through the No. 2 three-way valve 19, and a part of it enters the No. 3 three-way valve 20 in the pre-cooling circuit, and is divided into two paths to enter the pre-cooling heat exchangers 21 in the two low-temperature and high-pressure containers 5 respectively, and then merges in the pre-cooling circuit, and then merges with the bypass of the No. 2 three-way valve 19 to the filling main pipe and is connected to the vehicle-mounted storage tank 22.

[0040] In the embodiment of the present invention, two cryogenic and high-pressure containers 5 are used, and the two cryogenic and high-pressure containers 5 are the minimum requirements for realizing the continuous operation of the process of the present invention. Among them, one cryogenic and high-pressure container 5 is in the hot pressurization process. After the liquid hydrogen is replenished by the station liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, the hot pressurization circuit composed of the circulation pump 10, the liquid pool heat exchanger 9, the input regulating valve 4 and the reflux regulating valve 6 is used for isochoric temperature increase and pressurization. The other cryogenic and high-pressure container 5 is in the pressurization process of the cascade high-pressure storage tank 17. The hydrogen in the cryogenic and high-pressure container 5 is directly pressurized to the cascade high-pressure storage tank 17, or is pressurized after being pressurized by the hydrogen compressor 13 driven by the motor 14.

[0041] In the present invention, the filling process of the cascade high-pressure storage tank 17 to the vehicle-mounted storage tank 22 utilizes the hydrogen cooling energy in the low-temperature and high-pressure container 5 in the hot pressurization process for pre-cooling, and the flow of the pre-cooling circuit is adjusted by the No. 2 three-way valve 19 to control the filling temperature. The hydrogen is transported to the pre-cooling heat exchanger 21 inside the low-temperature and high-pressure container 5 in the hot pressurization process through the No. 3 three-way valve 20, and then merged into the filling main pipe to fill the vehicle-mounted storage tank 22.

[0042] In actual application, the cryogenic and high-pressure container 5 can be selected as type I, type II, type III or type IV cryogenic and high-pressure container, and the number of cryogenic and high-pressure containers 5 can also be further increased according to demand. The precooling heat exchanger 21 can be in the form of a pipe around the inner tank of the cryogenic and high-pressure container, or the heat exchanger can be buried inside the inner tank, using a finned tube heat exchanger, a bellows heat exchanger, and the like. The cryogenic and high-pressure container 5 can adopt different heat pressurization methods according to the heat exchange requirements, not limited to the circulating pump heat exchange described in this embodiment, and can also choose a self-pressurization form to further reduce power consumption; an electric heater can be used as a backup or auxiliary heat source. The on-board storage tank 22 can be a 35MPa or 70MPa standard high-pressure hydrogen tank. The cryogenic working fluid can also be other cryogenic liquids such as liquid nitrogen and liquefied natural gas. The motor 3 can also be replaced with a hydraulic drive device.

[0043] The specific process of liquid hydrogen pressurization, pressure replenishment and filling is as follows:

[0044] At the beginning, the pressure of the cryogenic and high-pressure container in the hot pressurization process is low, the input regulating valve 4 and the reflux regulating valve 6 are opened, and liquid hydrogen enters the cryogenic and high-pressure container from the site liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 through the input main pipe, and the hydrogen in the cryogenic and high-pressure container is refluxed to the site liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 through the reflux main pipe until the cryogenic and high-pressure container is filled with liquid hydrogen.

[0045] When the cryogenic and high-pressure container is filled with liquid hydrogen, close the input regulating main valve 3 and the reflux regulating main valve 7, and the input and output pipelines of the cryogenic and high-pressure container, the circulating pump 10, and the liquid pool heat exchanger 9 form a heat boosting circuit, and the No. 3 three-way valve 20 and the precooling heat exchanger 21 in the container form a precooling circuit. The two circuits cooperate to input heat into the cryogenic and high-pressure container to achieve isochoric heat boosting, until the hydrogen temperature in the cryogenic and high-pressure container approaches normal temperature or the pressure approaches the design value of the container, and the heat boosting process ends.

[0046] In the pressure replenishment process, the low-temperature and high-pressure container replenishes pressure to the cascade high-pressure storage tank 17 from high pressure to low pressure according to the pressure level of the cascade high-pressure storage tank 17; when the pressure of the low-temperature and high-pressure container is higher than the pressure replenishment requirement of the high-pressure storage tank, the pressure is replenished directly from the low-temperature and high-pressure container to the high-pressure storage tank; when the pressure of the low-temperature and high-pressure container is lower than the pressure replenishment requirement of the high-pressure storage tank, the hydrogen compressor 13 is used for pressure replenishment.

[0047] In the filling process, the filling hydrogen flow flows out from the high-pressure storage tank with the lowest pressure that can meet the filling demand, and a part of the hydrogen flow is diverted into the pre-cooling circuit through the No. 2 three-way valve 19. The hydrogen flow is introduced into the pre-cooling heat exchanger 21 in the low-temperature and high-pressure container in the hot pressurization process through the No. 3 three-way valve 20 for pre-cooling, and is mixed with the hydrogen flow bypassed by the No. 3 three-way valve 20 to reach the filling requirement temperature, and is filled into the on-board storage tank 22; when the pressure of the high-pressure storage tank currently responsible for the filling work is insufficient, a high-pressure storage tank with higher pressure is used for filling, thereby realizing low-energy cascade filling of hydrogen.

[0048] During the process, two cryogenic and high-pressure containers are respectively in the hot pressurization process and the pressurization process, and the processes are swapped at the end of the process. The cryogenic and high-pressure container originally in the hot pressurization process enters the pressurization process, and the cryogenic and high-pressure container originally in the pressurization process enters the hot pressurization process, thereby realizing the coupled, coordinated and continuous execution of the hot pressurization, pressurization and filling processes.

[0049] The embodiments described above provide a detailed description of the technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, supplements and equivalent substitutions made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A liquid hydrogen pressurization and filling system driven by thermal supercharging and hydrogen compressor, characterized in that: It includes a site liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), a cryogenic high-pressure container (5), a hydrogen compressor (13) and a cascade high-pressure storage tank (17); There are a plurality of low-temperature and high-pressure containers (5), each of which is provided with an input pipeline, an output pipeline and a return pipeline, and a precooling heat exchanger (21) is provided inside the low-temperature and high-pressure container (5); Each input pipeline is connected to the input main pipe through an input regulating valve (4), each output pipeline is connected to the output main pipe through an output regulating valve (11), and each return pipeline is connected to the return main pipe through a return regulating valve (6); the inlet end of each precooling heat exchanger (21) is connected to the precooling circuit through a No. 3 three-way valve (20), and the outlet end is connected to the filling main pipe; One end of the input main pipe is connected to the outlet of the station liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) through the input regulating main valve (3), and the other end is connected to the liquid pool heat exchanger (9) immersed in the liquid pool (8) through the circulating pump (10); one end of the reflux main pipe is connected to the inlet of the station liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) through the reflux regulating main valve (7), and the other end is connected to the liquid pool heat exchanger (9); the input main pipe, the reflux main pipe, the circulating pump (10), the liquid pool (8) and the liquid pool heat exchanger (9) constitute a thermal pressurization circuit to achieve controllable and efficient thermal pressurization of the low-temperature and high-pressure container (5); The end of the output main pipe is connected to a No. 1 three-way valve (12) and then enters a hydrogen compressor (13) immersed in a liquid pool (8); the outlet of the hydrogen compressor (13) merges with the bypass of the No. 1 three-way valve (12) and is then connected to a pressure-compensating main pipe; one end of the pressure-compensating main pipe is connected to a pressure-compensating main pipe safety valve (15), and the other end is connected to a pressure-compensating pipeline leading to a cascade high-pressure storage tank (17) through a pressure-compensating regulating valve (16); One end of the filling main pipe is connected to the filling pipeline leading to the cascade high-pressure storage tank (17) through the filling regulating valve (18), and the other end is connected to the vehicle-mounted storage tank (22) through the No. 2 three-way valve (19); the bypass of the No. 2 three-way valve (19) is connected to the precooling circuit, and the precooling circuit flows to the precooling heat exchanger (21) in the low-temperature and high-pressure container (5) through the No. 3 three-way valve (20), and then merges into the precooling circuit and then merges into the filling main pipe.

2. The liquid hydrogen pressurization and filling system driven by the cooperation of the thermal pressurization and the hydrogen compressor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The site liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is provided with a site liquid hydrogen storage tank safety valve (2), and the vehicle-mounted storage tank (22) is provided with a discharge regulating valve (23).

3. The liquid hydrogen pressurization and filling system driven by the cooperation of the thermal pressurization and the hydrogen compressor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A pressure sensor is provided on the site liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), and each low-temperature high-pressure container (5), the vehicle-mounted storage tank (22) and the cascade high-pressure storage tank (17) are connected to temperature and pressure sensors.

4. The liquid hydrogen pressurization and filling system driven by the cooperation of thermal pressurization and hydrogen compressor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: There are two cryogenic and high-pressure containers (5), one of which is in a thermal pressurization process. After the site liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is filled with liquid hydrogen, isochoric temperature increase and pressurization are performed through a thermal pressurization circuit composed of a liquid pool heat exchanger (9) and a circulating pump (10); the other is in a pressure replenishment process. When the pressure is sufficient, it is directly filled into the cascade high-pressure storage tank (17) group. When the pressure is insufficient, it is pressurized and then filled through a hydrogen compressor (13).

5. The liquid hydrogen pressurization and filling system driven by the cooperation of thermal pressurization and hydrogen compressor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cascade high-pressure storage tanks (17) are provided with three, corresponding to the high-pressure filling container, the medium-pressure filling container and the low-pressure filling container respectively. The low-temperature high-pressure container (5) and the hydrogen compressor (13) completed by thermal pressurization sequentially replenish the pressure of the cascade high-pressure storage tanks (17) from high pressure to low pressure.

6. The liquid hydrogen pressurization and filling system driven by the cooperation of thermal pressurization and hydrogen compressor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The precooling heat exchanger (21) is in the form of a pipe wrapped around the inner tank of the low-temperature and high-pressure container (5); or, the precooling heat exchanger (21) is buried inside the inner tank of the low-temperature and high-pressure container (5) and is in the form of a finned tube heat exchanger or a bellows heat exchanger.

7. The liquid hydrogen pressurization and filling system driven by the cooperation of the thermal pressurization and the hydrogen compressor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hydrogen compressor (13) is a reciprocating piston compressor, a reciprocating diaphragm compressor or an ionic liquid compressor.

8. The liquid hydrogen pressurization and filling system driven by the cooperation of thermal pressurization and hydrogen compressor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The liquid hydrogen pressurization and filling system includes a hot pressurization process, a pressure replenishment process and a filling process; wherein, two cryogenic and high-pressure vessels are respectively in the hot pressurization process and the pressure replenishment process, and the processes are swapped at the end of the process, the cryogenic and high-pressure vessel originally in the hot pressurization process enters the pressure replenishment process, and the cryogenic and high-pressure vessel originally in the pressure replenishment process enters the hot pressurization process, thereby realizing the coupled, coordinated and continuous execution of the hot pressurization, pressure replenishment and filling processes.

9. The liquid hydrogen pressurization and filling system driven by the cooperation of the thermal pressurization and the hydrogen compressor according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The hot pressurization process, pressure replenishment process and filling process are as follows: In the thermal pressurization process, the pressure of the corresponding low-temperature and high-pressure container is relatively low, and its input regulating valve (4) and reflux regulating valve (6) are opened. Liquid hydrogen enters the low-temperature and high-pressure container from the site liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) through the input main pipe, and the hydrogen in the low-temperature and high-pressure container is refluxed to the site liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) through the reflux main pipe until the low-temperature and high-pressure container is full of liquid hydrogen; when the low-temperature and high-pressure container is full of liquid hydrogen, the input regulating main valve (3) and the reflux regulating main valve (7) are closed, and the input pipeline and the output pipeline of the low-temperature and high-pressure container, the circulating pump (10) and the liquid pool heat exchanger (9) form a thermal pressurization circuit, and the No. 3 three-way valve (20) and the precooling heat exchanger (21) form a precooling circuit. The two circuits cooperate to input heat into the low-temperature and high-pressure container to achieve isochoric thermal pressurization, until the hydrogen temperature in the low-temperature and high-pressure container approaches normal temperature or the pressure approaches the container design value, and the thermal pressurization process ends; In the pressure replenishment process, another low-temperature high-pressure container replenishes pressure to each cascade high-pressure storage tank (17) from high pressure to low pressure according to the pressure level of each cascade high-pressure storage tank (17); when the pressure of the low-temperature high-pressure container is higher than the pressure replenishment requirement of the cascade high-pressure storage tank, the pressure is directly replenished from the low-temperature high-pressure container to the cascade high-pressure storage tank; when the pressure of the low-temperature high-pressure container is lower than the pressure replenishment requirement of the cascade high-pressure storage tank, the hydrogen compressor (13) is used to replenish pressure; In the filling process, the filling hydrogen flow flows out from the cascade high-pressure storage tank with the lowest pressure that can meet the filling demand, and a part of the hydrogen flow is diverted into the precooling circuit through the No. 2 three-way valve (19), and the hydrogen flow is introduced into the precooling heat exchanger (21) in the low-temperature high-pressure container in the hot pressurization process through the No. 3 three-way valve (20) for precooling, and is mixed with the hydrogen flow bypassed by the No. 3 three-way valve (20) to reach the filling requirement temperature, and is filled into the vehicle-mounted storage tank (22); when the pressure of the cascade high-pressure storage tank currently responsible for filling is insufficient, the cascade high-pressure storage tank with higher pressure is used for filling, thereby realizing low-energy cascade filling of hydrogen.

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