A type of inductive monopole antenna

Abstract

This invention discloses an integrated sensing and communication monopole antenna, belonging to the field of antenna and microwave technology. The antenna consists of a two-dimensional sector monopole antenna and a ground plane. The two-dimensional sector monopole antenna is placed vertically above the ground plane and connected to it via a coaxial cable. The main element can be tuned to operate using a mode adjustment device, achieving not only multi-mode resonant broadband characteristics but also continuous zero-directional frequency scanning characteristics (sensing function) in its elevation plane and stable unidirectional backscattering characteristics (communication function) in its azimuth plane, thus enabling the unit antenna to achieve integrated sensing and communication functions. This invention features wide bandwidth, light weight, and simple structure, and has broad application scenarios in the development of future low-complexity, high-performance intelligent radio systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an integrated inductive monopole antenna, belonging to the field of antenna and microwave technology. Background Technology

[0002] The deep integration of information technology, mobile communication technology, artificial intelligence, and big data technology is driving the evolution of 5G towards 6G at both the technical and business levels. In 6G mobile communication systems, spectrum resources are becoming increasingly valuable, necessitating further improvements in spectrum utilization and spectrum sharing. Simultaneously, to avoid interference between hardware with independent communication and sensing functions, hardware sharing is required. This necessitates the integration of communication and sensing within a single system using a single antenna, enabling communication and sensing functions to complement each other and achieve joint resource scheduling.

[0003] Monopole antennas are widely used in microwave systems due to their simple structure and wide bandwidth. However, ordinary single-element monopole antennas only have communication functions and lack sensing functions. A few specially designed single-element monopole antennas can achieve zero-directional radiation sensing functions, but cannot simultaneously achieve integrated sensing and communication functions. Therefore, designing a simple, integrated sensing and communication monopole antenna with only a single radiator remains a major challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to address the problems existing in the background technology. It proposes a communication and sensing integrated monopole antenna composed of a two-dimensional fan-shaped monopole antenna and a ground plane. The main element can be tuned to the working mode by a mode adjustment device. It can not only realize multi-mode resonant broadband characteristics, but also realize continuous zero-direction frequency scanning characteristics (sensing function) in its elevation plane and stable unidirectional back-radiation characteristics (communication function) in its azimuth plane, thereby enabling the unit antenna to realize communication and sensing integrated functions.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A syn-inductive monopole antenna includes a two-dimensional sector monopole antenna, a ground plane, and a coaxial cable; the two-dimensional sector monopole antenna is placed vertically above the ground plane and connected to the ground plane via the coaxial cable.

[0007] Furthermore, the arc length of the two-dimensional sector monopole antenna is 0.58-0.80 times the wavelength, and the central angle ranges from 140° to 180°.

[0008] Furthermore, the distance between the two-dimensional sector monopole antenna and the ground plane ranges from one hundred and twenty times the wavelength to one eighty times the wavelength.

[0009] Furthermore, the two-dimensional sector monopole is equipped with a mode adjustment device, which is used to adjust the higher-order resonant modes.

[0010] Furthermore, the two-dimensional sector monopole antenna is provided with rectangular slots and distributed interdigitated capacitor slots.

[0011] Furthermore, the arc length of the two-dimensional sector monopole antenna is 1.11 to 1.35 times the wavelength, and the central angle ranges from 120° to 180°.

[0012] Furthermore, the distance between the two-dimensional sector monopole antenna and the ground plane ranges from one eightieth of a wavelength to one fortyth of a wavelength.

[0013] Furthermore, the angle between the cross-finger capacitor slot and the ground plane is greater than 50°.

[0014] Furthermore, both the rectangular slot and the distributed interdigitated capacitor slot extend from the arc of the two-dimensional fan-shaped monopole antenna towards the apex.

[0015] Furthermore, one straight side of the two-dimensional sector monopole antenna is parallel to the ground plane, and the feed point is located on this straight side.

[0016] Furthermore, the radius of the ground plane ranges from 0.7 times the wavelength to 0.85 times the wavelength.

[0017] Furthermore, the relative permittivity of the dielectric substrate is 1-100.

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention, employing the above technical solution, has the following technical advantages: The present invention uses a fan-shaped monopole antenna. By adding distributed interdigitated capacitor slots, rectangular slots, or different mode adjustment devices (stubs, slots, etc.), it achieves continuous null frequency scanning in the elevation plane, while simultaneously exhibiting stable gain frequency response characteristics in the -x direction of the azimuth plane. This antenna has a simple structure, no complex feeding structure, and is lightweight, making it easy to manufacture and implement. It has wide applications in the development of future low-complexity, high-performance intelligent radio systems. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional stereoscopic diagram and a reference coordinate diagram of the antenna in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the antenna and its reference coordinates in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3This is an embodiment of the present invention, in which the antenna reflection coefficient characteristic diagram is calculated using HFSS software;

[0022] Figure 4 In one embodiment of the present invention, the antenna radiation pattern is calculated using HFSS software;

[0023] Figure 5 In one embodiment of the present invention, the antenna gain diagram is calculated using HFSS software;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the antenna and a schematic diagram of the reference coordinates in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a top view and reference coordinate diagram of the antenna in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 In another embodiment of the present invention, the antenna uses an antenna reflection coefficient characteristic diagram calculated by HFSS software;

[0027] Figure 9 In another embodiment of the present invention, the antenna radiation pattern is calculated using HFSS software;

[0028] Figure 10 This is an angular frequency curve of the antenna radiating null frequency scan, as described in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 11 In another embodiment of the present invention, the antenna gain diagram is calculated using HFSS software;

[0030] Among them, 1 is a two-dimensional sector monopole antenna, 2 is a ground plane, 3 is a coaxial cable, 4 is a mode adjustment device, 5 is a rectangular slot, 6 is a loaded distributed interdigital capacitor slot, and 7 is a dielectric substrate. Detailed Implementation

[0031] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0032] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the same meaning as in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless defined as herein.

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0034] This invention begins with a prototype one-dimensional electric monopole antenna and establishes a general, rapid method for designing forward antennas, enabling the determination of antenna structure and key parameters, thereby improving design efficiency and antenna performance. First, an evolutionary mapping relationship between the prototype dipole and the two-dimensional sector antenna is established to determine the antenna structure. Then, a mathematical and physical model is established based on the antenna structure. Combining eigenmode theory and a cavity model, the available resonant modes of the antenna are analyzed. Based on the current density and electric field distribution characteristics of the resonant modes, a precise theoretical design of the closed mode is derived, fully exciting the desired modes and suppressing unwanted modes. A novel multi-mode resonant inductive integrated monopole antenna is gradually optimized and designed, ultimately realizing a multi-mode resonant broadband inductive integrated monopole antenna and its integrated design method. The inductive integrated antenna designed using this approach exhibits a continuous scanning phenomenon in space in the zero-direction radiation direction as the frequency changes in the elevation plane. The slope of the zero-direction frequency scanning curve is negative, and this zero-direction scanning characteristic enables sensing functionality. Simultaneously, the antenna has stable unidirectional radiation characteristics in a specific direction (-x direction) for realizing the antenna's communication function.

[0035] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and 2 As shown, the integrated communication and sensing monopole antenna consists of a two-dimensional sector monopole antenna, a ground plane, and a coaxial feed structure. The sector monopole antenna and the ground plane are connected via coaxial feed, forming a non-closed structure. The arc length of the sector monopole antenna is approximately an odd multiple of the quarter wavelength corresponding to the center frequency. This antenna can be fabricated on a medium with a dielectric constant of 1-100. Through the sector structure, not only can communication and sensing functions be integrated, but the slope of its zero-direction frequency scan curve is also negative. Furthermore, tuning stubs are incorporated into the two-dimensional sector monopole antenna.

[0036] In this embodiment, air is used as the medium, the radius of the circular ground plane is 70mm, and the distance between the sector monopole and the circular ground plane is 1mm. The radius of the sector monopole is 28.0mm, and the central angle is 150°. The central angle of the arc-shaped branch on the sector monopole is 46°, the length is 14.0mm, and the width is 4.0mm. The feed point is located on the sector monopole at a distance of 16.5mm from the center. The antenna characteristics are obtained by simulation calculation using HFSS software.

[0037] Figure 3 The antenna reflection coefficient characteristics were calculated using HFSS software. The antenna impedance bandwidth covers the 2.28 to 5.38 GHz frequency band, with a center frequency of 3.83 GHz. It can be seen that the antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth of 80.9%.

[0038] Figure 4 This is the normalized radiation pattern of the antenna calculated using HFSS software. The solid line represents the radiation pattern at a frequency of 3.10 GHz, with the null point appearing at an elevation angle of 70°; the dashed line represents the radiation pattern at a frequency of 3.50 GHz, with the null point appearing at an elevation angle of 55°; and the dotted-dash line represents the radiation pattern at a frequency of 3.70 GHz, with the null point appearing at an elevation angle of 20°. Therefore, it can be seen that within the 3.10-3.70 GHz frequency band, the null scanning angle range can reach 50°.

[0039] Figure 5 The gain characteristics of the antenna in the operating frequency band are calculated using HFSS software. In the -x direction of the antenna azimuth plane, the gain can reach 2.8 dBi.

[0040] In another embodiment, such as Figure 6 and 7 As shown, the integrated inductive and perceptual monopole antenna consists of a two-dimensional sector monopole, a ground plane, and a coaxial feed structure. The sector monopole antenna with rectangular slots and distributed interdigital capacitor slots, along with the ground plane, are connected via the coaxial feed structure, forming a non-closed structure. This antenna can be fabricated on a dielectric material with a dielectric constant of 1-100. By exciting higher-order resonant modes of the perturbed sector, not only can the integrated inductive and perceptual function be achieved, but the slope of its radiation null-directional frequency sweep curve is also negative.

[0041] In this embodiment, a foam dielectric with a dielectric constant of 1.08 is used. The dielectric substrate is 5mm thick, 112mm long, and 63mm wide. The radius of the circular ground plane is 95mm, and the distance between the sector monopole and the circular ground plane is 2mm. The radius of the sector monopole is 53.0mm, and the central angle is 150°. The angle corresponding to the cross-finger capacitor loading on the sector monopole is 55°, and the width is 0.6mm. The cross-finger slot width is 7mm. The central angle corresponding to the rectangular slot on the sector monopole is 93°, and the length is 11.0mm and the width is 4.0mm. The feed point is located 34.0mm from the center of the sector monopole. The antenna characteristics are obtained by simulation calculation using HFSS software.

[0042] Figure 8 The antenna reflection coefficient characteristics were calculated using HFSS software. The antenna impedance bandwidth covers the 1.41 to 3.30 GHz frequency band, with a center frequency of 2.36 GHz, indicating that the antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth.

[0043] Figure 9This is the radiation pattern of the antenna calculated using HFSS software. The solid line represents the radiation pattern at a frequency of 1.7 GHz, with the null point appearing at an elevation angle of 81°; the 5-line represents the radiation pattern at a frequency of 1.9 GHz, with the null point appearing at an elevation angle of 71°; the dotted line represents the radiation pattern at a frequency of 2.3 GHz, with the null point appearing at an elevation angle of 31°; and the dashed-dot line represents the radiation pattern at a frequency of 2.6 GHz, with the null point appearing at an elevation angle of 8°. Therefore, it can be seen that within the 1.7-2.6 GHz frequency band, the null scanning angle range can reach 73°.

[0044] Figure 10 This is the angular frequency curve of the antenna radiation zero-direction frequency scan. As can be seen, the slope of the curve is negative.

[0045] Figure 11 The gain characteristics of the antenna in the operating frequency band are calculated using HFSS software. In the -x direction of the antenna azimuth plane, the gain can reach 2.5dBi.

[0046] In summary, to achieve integrated sensing and communication functionality, this invention utilizes a fan-shaped structure for the antenna's radiating element in a monopole antenna. When dual-mode resonance is achieved by perturbing the third-order mode using slotting technology, stable unidirectional radiation gain in the -x direction is not only realized, but also a continuous null-directional frequency sweep within a certain range in the elevation plane. Adding distributed interdigital capacitor slots and rectangular slots achieves tri-mode resonance characteristics, further increasing the null-directional scanning angle range in the elevation plane, thus also enabling integrated sensing and communication functionality.

[0047] The antenna of this invention exhibits a continuous scanning phenomenon in space as the frequency changes in the elevation plane, with a negative slope on the zero-direction radiation frequency scan curve. This zero-direction scanning characteristic enables sensing functionality. Simultaneously, the antenna possesses stable unidirectional radiation characteristics in a specific direction, enabling its communication function. When sensing interference or other physical information in the surrounding environment, the antenna can simultaneously complete communication in the specific direction. It features wide bandwidth, light weight, simple structure, and low cost, making it easy to manufacture and implement. It has broad application scenarios in the future development of low-complexity, high-performance intelligent radio systems.

[0048] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any transformations or substitutions that can be conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A monopole antenna integrated with a patch antenna, characterized by, It includes a two-dimensional sector monopole antenna (1), a ground plane (2), and a coaxial cable (3); the two-dimensional sector monopole antenna (1) is placed vertically above the ground plane (2) and connected to the ground plane (2) through the coaxial cable (3); The two-dimensional sector monopole is equipped with a mode adjustment device (4). The higher-order resonant modes are adjusted via the mode adjustment device (4), enabling the antenna to achieve continuous zero-direction frequency scanning in the elevation plane. Furthermore, the negative slope of the zero-direction frequency scanning curve enables sensing functionality. Simultaneously, in the antenna azimuth plane... x It has stable unidirectional radiation characteristics in the direction and realizes the communication function; the mode adjustment device (4) is an adjustment branch.

2. The monopole antenna of claim 1, wherein The arc length of the two-dimensional sector monopole antenna (1) is 0.58-0.80 times the wavelength, and the central angle ranges from 140° to 180°.

3. The monopole antenna of claim 1, wherein The distance between the two-dimensional sector monopole antenna (1) and the ground plane (2) ranges from one hundred and twenty times the wavelength to one eighty times the wavelength.

4. The monopole antenna of claim 1, wherein, One straight side of the two-dimensional sector monopole antenna (1) is parallel to the ground plane (2), and the feed point is located on the straight side.

5. A monopole antenna integrated with a patch antenna, characterized by It includes a two-dimensional sector monopole antenna (1), a ground plane (2), and a coaxial cable (3); the two-dimensional sector monopole antenna (1) is placed vertically above the ground plane (2) and connected to the ground plane (2) through the coaxial cable (3); The two-dimensional fan monopole antenna (1) is provided with a rectangular slot (5) and a distributed cross-finger capacitance slot (6), so that the antenna realizes continuous zero direction frequency scanning function in the elevation plane, and the slope of the zero direction frequency scanning curve is negative, which realizes the sensing function; meanwhile, the antenna has stable unidirectional radiation characteristics in the azimuth plane x , which realizes the communication function.

6. The monopole antenna of claim 5 wherein, The arc length of the two-dimensional sector monopole antenna (1) is 1.11 to 1.35 times the wavelength, and the central angle ranges from 120° to 180°.

7. The monopole antenna of claim 5 wherein, The distance between the two-dimensional sector monopole antenna (1) and the ground plane (2) ranges from one eightieth of the wavelength to one fortyth of the wavelength.

8. The monopole antenna of claim 5 wherein, The angle between the cross-finger capacitor slot (6) and the ground plane (2) is greater than 50°.

9. The monopole antenna of claim 5 wherein, The rectangular slot (5) and the distributed interdigitated capacitor slot (6) are both extended from the arc of the two-dimensional fan-shaped monopole antenna (1) to the vertex.

10. A transducer-integrated monopole antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, One straight side of the two-dimensional sector monopole antenna (1) is parallel to the ground plane (2), and the feed point is located on the straight side.

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