A roughened polypropylene film for thin film capacitors, a method for preparing the same, and a metallized polypropylene film

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of polymers and relates to a polypropylene roughening film for thin-film capacitors, its preparation method, and a metallized polypropylene film. The polypropylene roughening film comprises modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers, an antioxidant, and a processing aid. The modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers includes structural units derived from polypropylene as the matrix phase and structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers as the dispersed phase. The ash content of the modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers is less than 50 ppm. The mass ratio of structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers in the grafted state to structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers in the self-polymerized state is greater than or equal to 1.0. The D50 of the dispersed phase is less than 450 nm. The film of this invention can maintain good dielectric and energy storage properties at high operating temperatures and is suitable for high-temperature and high-field-strength operating conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of polymers, specifically relating to a roughened polypropylene film for thin-film capacitors, a method for preparing the roughened polypropylene film for thin-film capacitors, and a metallized polypropylene film for thin-film capacitors. Background Technology

[0002] Energy is the driving force of modern societal development. In recent years, with the rapid development of new energy, aerospace, underground resource extraction, and national defense industries, the demand for dielectric capacitors has increased year by year, and they are required to operate under more stringent temperature conditions. However, thin-film capacitors, primarily composed of polymer dielectric materials, have poor thermal stability and cannot operate stably in high-temperature environments. Especially under high electric fields, the temperature rise causes the leakage current inside the polymer dielectric to increase exponentially, resulting in a sharp decrease in charging and discharging efficiency and energy storage density, failing to meet application requirements. More seriously, the leakage current is converted into Joule heat, causing the capacitor temperature to rise continuously, ultimately leading to damage.

[0003] Biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) is currently the most commercially available and widely used polymer film capacitor dielectric material. It has excellent comprehensive performance and mature large-scale preparation process, and is now widely used in industries such as electric vehicles, wind power, photovoltaics, lighting and railway locomotives.

[0004] However, an inherent drawback of polypropylene film capacitors is their poor dielectric energy storage performance and significantly reduced reliability at high temperatures. For example, at room temperature, BOPP can still achieve a charge-discharge efficiency of over 95% even when close to its breakdown field strength, but at 120°C, its efficiency drops to about 70%. This not only significantly reduces its energy storage density but also generates a large amount of waste heat that accumulates inside the device, ultimately leading to overheating and damage (thermal runaway).

[0005] Currently, there are two main types of methods to improve the operating temperature of polymer capacitor films from a materials perspective. The first type is to improve the thermal stability of the polymer dielectric material, that is, to synthesize materials with a high glass transition temperature (T0). g The first method involves polymer dielectric materials. The second method involves introducing a second-phase filler into the polymer dielectric material to prepare a composite material. This filler particles capture and scatter charge carriers to suppress leakage current in the polymer under high temperature and high electric field conditions. However, both methods suffer from complex manufacturing processes, making large-scale industrial production difficult.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to find a new type of modified polypropylene composition that has obvious controllability of dielectric energy storage characteristics, simple preparation process, and is suitable for practical engineering applications.

[0007] Grafting modification is a common method for functionalizing polypropylene. Commonly used methods include melt grafting and solid-phase grafting. Melt grafting equipment is simple and inexpensive, but the reaction temperature is high, the process is difficult to control, and there are many byproducts. It is also limited to a limited range of applicable monomers and is currently only used for the preparation of anhydride-based or a few acrylate-based compatibilizers. Solid-phase grafting occurs at temperatures below the melting point of polypropylene, resulting in fewer side reactions, higher grafting efficiency, and a wider range of applicable graft monomers. For example, Y. Pan et al. studied the reaction conditions for solid-phase grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto polypropylene in "Solid-phase grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto polypropylene." (Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1997, 65(10): 1905-1912), and pointed out that the influencing factors of solid-phase grafting and melt grafting are significantly different. Suspension grafting is a special type of solid-phase grafting. By introducing an aqueous medium as a dispersant into the reaction system, the reaction temperature is further reduced, improving the uniformity of grafting and reducing the formation of byproducts. In addition, Li Qiaojun et al. discussed the reaction conditions and influencing factors of polypropylene suspension grafting with styrene in "Study on polypropylene suspension grafting with styrene" (Synthetic Resins and Plastics, 1996, 13(1):7-10.). Zhu Baodong et al. reported that a polypropylene dimonomer graft with a grafting rate of 8.97% was obtained by aqueous suspension grafting in "Polypropylene aqueous suspension grafting with styrene and maleic anhydride" (Modern Plastics Processing and Application, 2009, 5:3.).

[0008] Polypropylene capacitor films come in two types: smooth films and roughened films, each with different applications. Grafted polypropylene roughened films with suitable roughening on one or both sides can be prepared using a flat film biaxial stretching process. These films, in addition to having low dielectric loss factor, high dielectric strength, good compatibility with various impregnating oils, and minimal swelling, also maintain high energy storage efficiency and density even at high operating temperatures. Therefore, they are particularly suitable for high-temperature, high-field-strength operating conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a polypropylene roughened film for thin-film capacitors, which comprises polypropylene grafted with novel alkenyl functional monomers. This polypropylene roughened film can maintain high energy storage efficiency and energy storage density even at higher operating temperatures.

[0010] A first aspect of the present invention provides a polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor, the polypropylene roughened film comprising modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers, an antioxidant, and a processing aid.

[0011] The modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers comprises structural units derived from polypropylene as the matrix phase and structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers as the dispersed phase; the ash content of the modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers is less than 50 ppm, preferably less than 36 ppm, more preferably less than 30 ppm; the mass ratio of structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers and in the grafted state to structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers and in the self-polymerized state in the modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers is greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably 1.1 to 10, more preferably 1.2 to 6; the D50 of the dispersed phase is less than 450 nm, preferably 50 to 400 nm.

[0012] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned polypropylene roughened film for thin-film capacitors, comprising the following steps: mixing and granulating the modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers, an antioxidant, and a processing aid, then molding it into a cast sheet, and then subjecting it to biaxial stretching and roughening to obtain the polypropylene roughened film.

[0013] A third aspect of the present invention provides a metallized polypropylene film for a film capacitor, wherein the metallized polypropylene film for a film capacitor is the aforementioned roughened polypropylene film for a film capacitor having metallization on one or both sides.

[0014] The polypropylene roughened film and metallized polypropylene film of the present invention have a wide operating temperature range. In particular, they maintain good dielectric and energy storage properties even at higher operating temperatures, making them especially suitable for high-temperature and high-field-strength operating conditions. Compared with inorganic filler doping technology, grafting modification can form a uniformly distributed nanoscale dispersed phase in the composite material, avoiding the problems of difficulty in adding and dispersing inorganic fillers. Compared with surface modification, bulk modification has a simpler process flow, uniform dispersion of the dispersed phase, and stable structure, making it less prone to functional monomer layer detachment due to external forces during use. The film of the present invention can be prepared as an ultrathin film with good tensile properties, and can balance mechanical and electrical properties at higher operating temperatures, making it suitable for high-temperature and high-field-strength operating conditions. Due to the fine surface roughening, the film of the present invention has excellent winding adaptability and good voltage withstand characteristics.

[0015] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 The image shows the microstructure of the modified polypropylene sample from Example 1 under a 20,000x electron microscope, where the spherical dispersed phase is an aggregate of styrene structural units.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a microscopic image of the modified polypropylene sample from Example 2 under a 20,000x electron microscope.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a microscopic image of the modified polypropylene sample from Example 3 under a 20,000x electron microscope.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a microscopic image of the modified polypropylene sample from Example 10 under a 20,000x electron microscope.

[0021] Figure 5 The image shows the microstructure of the modified polypropylene sample in Comparative Example 1 under a 20,000x electron microscope, with no visible dispersed phase. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The following provides a detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative and explanatory purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0023] This invention provides a polypropylene roughened film for thin-film capacitors, the polypropylene roughened film comprising modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers, antioxidants, and processing aids;

[0024] The modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers comprises structural units derived from polypropylene as the matrix phase and structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers as the dispersed phase; the ash content of the modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers is less than 50 ppm, preferably less than 36 ppm, more preferably less than 30 ppm; the mass ratio of structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers and in the grafted state to structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers and in the self-polymerized state in the modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers is greater than or equal to 1.0, preferably 1.1 to 10, more preferably 1.2 to 6; the D50 of the dispersed phase is less than 450 nm, preferably 50 to 400 nm.

[0025] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polypropylene roughened film has at least one of the following characteristics: longitudinal tensile strength ≥120 MPa, preferably 130-170 MPa; transverse tensile strength ≥150 MPa, preferably 205-250 MPa; longitudinal elongation at break ≥120%, preferably 130-200%; transverse elongation at break ≥50%, preferably 60-90%; thickness of 6 μm-18 μm; and centerline average roughness (Ra) of at least one surface of 0.20 μm-0.50 μm, preferably 0.20 μm-0.40 μm.

[0026] According to the present invention, preferably, the polypropylene roughened film has at least one of the following characteristics:

[0027] - Maximum operating temperature ≥100℃, preferably 110~160℃, more preferably 120~145℃;

[0028] Breakdown field strength E at -120℃ g ≥500MV / m, preferably 550~800MV / m;

[0029] DC volume resistivity ρ at -120℃ and 200MV / m electric field strength vg ≥6.0×10 13 Ω·m, preferably 1.0 × 10 14 Ω·m~1.0×10 20 Ω·m;

[0030] The dielectric constant at -120℃ and 100Hz is greater than 2.25, preferably 2.26 to 2.65;

[0031] The dielectric loss at -120℃ and 100Hz is less than 1.55E-3, preferably 1.0E-6 to 1.3E-3;

[0032] The energy storage density at -120℃ and 300MV / m is greater than 0.720J / cm³. 3 The preferred value is 0.740–2.0 J / cm³. 3 ;

[0033] The energy storage efficiency at -120℃ and 300MV / m is greater than 90.0%, preferably 92.0% to 99.0%.

[0034] According to the present invention, preferably, the modified polypropylene grafted with the alkenyl functional monomer has at least one of the following characteristics: a melt flow rate of 1–10 g / 10 min at 230°C and a load of 2.16 kg, preferably 1.5–8 g / 10 min, more preferably 2–5 g / 10 min. Melting temperature T m The temperature range is 155–168℃, preferably 157–165℃. The flexural modulus is 1400–2000 MPa, preferably 1500–1800 MPa.

[0035] In this invention, the term "structural unit" refers to a portion of modified polypropylene grafted with an alkenyl functional monomer, and its form is not limited. Specifically, "structural unit derived from polypropylene" refers to a product formed from polypropylene, which includes both "group" and "polymer" forms. "Structural unit derived from alkenyl functional monomer" refers to a product formed from an alkenyl functional monomer, which includes both "group" and "self-polymerized" forms. The "structural unit" can be a repeating unit or a non-repeating independent unit. A structural unit derived from an alkenyl functional monomer in a "grafted state" refers to a structural unit derived from an alkenyl functional monomer that has formed a covalent bond (graft) with polypropylene.

[0036] Specifically, the modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers has a "sea-island structure," such as... Figure 1 As shown. The "sea" phase is the matrix phase, formed from structural units derived from polypropylene. The "island" phase is the dispersed phase, formed from structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers.

[0037] According to the present invention, preferably, the modified polypropylene grafted with the alkenyl functional monomer is prepared by a grafting reaction of polypropylene and the alkenyl functional monomer, more preferably by a suspension grafting reaction. The grafting reaction of the present invention is a free radical polymerization reaction; therefore, "in the grafted state" refers to the state in which the monomer, after free radical polymerization, forms a bond with another reactant. "The self-polymerized state" refers to the state in which the monomer forms a self-polymer and is not bonded (grafted) to another reactant. The bond includes both direct and indirect bonds.

[0038] The alkenyl group in the alkenyl-containing functional monomer of the present invention is used for grafting with polypropylene. Therefore, any alkenyl-containing functional monomer with the alkenyl group located in a reactive position is applicable to the present invention.

[0039] Specifically, the alkenyl-containing functional monomer is selected from at least one monomer having the structure shown in Formula 1.

[0040]

[0041] In Equation 1, R b R c R d Each is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups; R a Selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted ester groups, substituted or unsubstituted carboxyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl or heterocyclic groups, cyano groups, and substituted or unsubstituted silyl groups; R a and R d Arrange the rings arbitrarily.

[0042] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, R b R c R d Each is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl groups; R a Selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Ester group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Carboxyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 20 Cycloalkyl or heterocyclic, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 20 Silyl group; the substituted group is halogen, -OH, -NH2, =O, C1-C 12 Alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C 12 alkoxy groups, C1-C 12 Acyloxy group; R a and R d Optionally, it can form a 4-6 membered heterocycle with a double bond.

[0043] According to a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein R b R c R d Each is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl groups;

[0044] R a It is selected from at least one of the groups shown in Formula 2, Formula 3, Formula 4, Formula 5, Formula 6, and heterocyclic groups;

[0045]

[0046] In Equation 2, R 4 -R 8 Each is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate group, sulfonic acid group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 12 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 ester group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 The substituted amino group, wherein the substituted group is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfonic acid, C1-C 12 Alkyl, C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, C1-C 12alkoxy groups, C1-C 12 ester group, C1-C 12 The amino group; preferably, R 4 -R 8 Each is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy;

[0047]

[0048] In Equation 3, R4-R 10 Each is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate group, sulfonic acid group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 12 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 ester group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 The substituted amino group, wherein the substituted group is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfonic acid, C1-C 12 Alkyl, C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, C1-C 12 alkoxy groups, C1-C 12 ester group, C1-C 12 The amino group; preferably, R4-R 10 Each of the groups is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, wherein the substituted group is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy;

[0049]

[0050] In Equation 4, R4'-R 10 Each group is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfonic acid, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 12 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 ester group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 The substituted amino group, wherein the substituted group is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfonic acid, C1-C 12 Alkyl, C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, C1-C 12 alkoxy groups, C1-C 12 ester group, C1-C12 The amino group; preferably, R4'-R 10 Each of the following is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, wherein the substituted group is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy;

[0051]

[0052] In Equation 5, R', R”, and R”' are each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 12 Straight-chain alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 12 Branched alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 The acyloxy group; preferably, R1 is a C2-C6 alkenyl group, preferably a monounsaturated alkenyl group; R2, R3, and R4 are each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 straight-chain alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C6 branched alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy groups, and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 acyloxy groups;

[0053]

[0054] In Equation 6, R m Selected from hydroxyl groups and / or substituted or unsubstituted groups: C1-C 20 Straight-chain alkyl, C3-C 20 Branched alkyl, C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, C3-C 12 Epoxyalkyl, C3-C 12 Epoxyalkylalkyl, wherein the substituted group is selected from at least one of halogen, amino and hydroxyl groups;

[0055] The heterocyclic group is selected from imidazole, pyrazol, carbazole, pyrrolidone, pyridinyl, piperidinyl, caprolactam, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, purine, morpholino, and oxazolino.

[0056] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the alkenyl-containing functional monomer is a styrene monomer, wherein the styrene monomer is selected from at least one of styrene, α-methylstyrene, 1-vinylnaphthalene, 2-vinylnaphthalene, monosubstituted or polysubstituted styrene, monosubstituted or polysubstituted α-methylstyrene, monosubstituted or polysubstituted 1-vinylnaphthalene, and monosubstituted or polysubstituted 2-vinylnaphthalene; the substituted group is preferably selected from at least one of halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate group, sulfonic acid group, C1-C8 straight-chain alkyl, C3-C8 branched alkyl or cycloalkyl, C1-C6 straight-chain alkoxy, C3-C8 branched alkoxy or cyclic alkoxy, C1-C8 straight-chain ester group, C3-C8 branched ester group or cyclic ester group, C1-C8 straight-chain amino group, and C3-C8 branched amino group or cyclic amino group; preferably, the styrene monomer is selected from at least one of styrene, α-methylstyrene, 2-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, and 4-methylstyrene.

[0057] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the alkenyl-containing functional monomer is an alkenyl-containing silane monomer, wherein the alkenyl-containing silane monomer is selected from at least one of vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriisopropoxysilane, vinyltritert-butoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, methylvinyldimethoxysilane, ethylvinyldiethoxysilane, allyltriethoxysilane, allyltrimethoxysilane, allyltriisopropoxysilane, vinyltris(β-methoxyethoxy)silane, allyltris(β-methoxyethoxy)silane, allyltritert-butoxysilane, allyltriacetoxysilane, methylallyldimethoxysilane, and ethylallyldiethoxysilane.

[0058] According to one specific embodiment of the present invention, the alkenyl-containing functional monomer is an acrylate monomer and / or an acrylic monomer. Preferably, the acrylate monomer is selected from at least one of methyl methacrylate, sec-butyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, isooctyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, coconut oleate methacrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate. Preferably, the acrylic monomer is selected from at least one of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and 2-ethylacrylic acid.

[0059] In this invention, C3-C 12 Epoxyalkyl refers to an alkyl group that has 3-12 carbon atoms and is substituted with an epoxyalkyl group, such as ethylene oxide methyl.

[0060] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the alkenyl-containing functional monomer is an alkenyl-containing heterocyclic compound. The alkenyl-containing heterocyclic monomer of the present invention can be any alkenyl-containing heterocyclic compound capable of free radical polymerization, and can be selected from at least one of the following: imidazoles containing alkenyl substituents, pyrazoles containing alkenyl substituents, carbazoles containing alkenyl substituents, pyrrolidones containing alkenyl substituents, pyridines or pyridine salts containing alkenyl substituents, piperidines containing alkenyl substituents, caprolactams containing alkenyl substituents, pyrazines containing alkenyl substituents, thiazoles containing alkenyl substituents, purines containing alkenyl substituents, morpholines containing alkenyl substituents, and oxazolines containing alkenyl substituents; preferably, the alkenyl-containing heterocyclic monomer is a monoalkenyl-containing heterocyclic monomer.

[0061] Specifically, the alkenyl-containing heterocyclic monomer may be selected from at least one of the following: 1-vinylimidazolium, 2-methyl-1-vinylimidazolium, N-allylimidazolium, 1-vinylpyrazole, 3-methyl-1-vinylpyrazole, vinylcarbazole, N-vinylpyrrolidone, 2-vinylpyridine, 3-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine, vinylpyridine N-oxide, vinylpyridine salt, vinylpiperidine, N-vinylcaprolactam, 2-vinylpyrazine, N-vinylpiperazine, 4-methyl-5-vinylthiazole, N-vinylpurine, vinylmorpholine, and vinyloxazoline.

[0062] According to the present invention, the alkenyl-containing functional monomer may further be at least one selected from maleic anhydride, maleimide and its derivatives, itaconic anhydride, and α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone. Preferably, the alkenyl-containing functional monomer is maleic anhydride.

[0063] In this invention, various types of alkenyl-containing functional monomers can be used alone or in combination with one or more.

[0064] In this invention, the alkenyl-containing functional monomer polymer introduced by the dispersion grafting modification can form a uniformly distributed nanoscale dispersed phase in the film, which has better uniformity and stability, higher uniformity of internal structure, and is beneficial to stretching and β crystal formation.

[0065] The polypropylene mentioned in this invention refers to the polypropylene portion of the grafted material, or it can refer to ungrafted polypropylene, which can be a propylene homopolymer or a propylene copolymer containing ethylene or butene units. More preferably, the polypropylene powder is a homopolymer polypropylene with an isotacticity greater than 96%, more preferably greater than 96.5%; or a copolymer polypropylene with a total content of ethylene and butene units of less than 3.0 mol% based on the total molar amount of structural units, for example, 2.5 mol%, 2 mol%, 1.5 mol%, 1 mol%, 0.9 mol%, 0.8 mol%, 0.7 mol%, 0.6 mol%, 0.5 mol%, 0.4 mol%, 0.3 mol%, 0.2 mol%, or 0.1 mol%. Preferably, the total content of ethylene and butene units in the copolymer polypropylene is greater than 0 and less than 0.1 mol%, or greater than 0.1 mol% and less than or equal to 3.0 mol%.

[0066] According to the present invention, in order to obtain the modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers with the aforementioned characteristics, it is preferable to use polypropylene having the following characteristics: particle size of 16 to 50 mesh; ash content of less than 55 ppm, preferably less than 40 ppm, more preferably less than 35 ppm; and flexural modulus of 1400 to 2000 MPa, preferably 1500 to 1800 MPa.

[0067] In addition to the above-mentioned features, the polypropylene preferably also has at least one of the following features: a melt flow rate of 0.5 to 10 g / 10 min at 230°C and 2.16 kg load, preferably 1 to 5 g / 10 min, more preferably 2 to 4 g / 10 min; and / or a melt temperature Tm of 150°C or higher, preferably 153 to 180°C, more preferably 155 to 167°C.

[0068] The polypropylene powder suitable for this invention is commercially available or can be prepared by the methods described in Chinese patents CN109694427A, CN109694428A, CN104558813A, CN109912734A, CN111019025A, and CN105431459A.

[0069] The modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers of the present invention can be prepared by a method comprising the following steps: in the presence of an inert gas, a reaction mixture comprising polypropylene and alkenyl functional monomers is subjected to a grafting reaction to obtain the modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers.

[0070] The grafting reaction of this invention can be carried out with reference to various methods conventional in the art, preferably a suspension grafting reaction. For example, active grafting sites are formed on polypropylene in the presence of an alkenyl-containing functional monomer for grafting, or active grafting sites are first formed on polypropylene and then treated with a grafting monomer. Grafting sites can be formed by treatment with a free radical initiator, or by high-energy ionizing radiation or microwave treatment. Free radicals generated in the polymer as a result of chemical or radiation treatment form grafting sites on the polymer and initiate monomer polymerization at these sites.

[0071] Preferably, the grafting site is initiated by a free radical initiator and a grafting reaction is further carried out. In this case, the reaction mixture further includes a free radical initiator; more preferably, the free radical initiator is selected from peroxide free radical initiators and / or azo free radical initiators.

[0072] The peroxide radical initiator is preferably selected from at least one of benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, dodecyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, diisopropyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, and dicyclohexyl peroxide; the azo radical initiator is preferably azobisisobutyronitrile and / or azobisisoheptanenitrile.

[0073] More preferably, the grafting site is initiated by a peroxide-based free radical initiator and the grafting reaction is further carried out.

[0074] Furthermore, the grafting reaction of the present invention can also be carried out by the methods described in CN106543369A, CN104499281A, CN102108112A, CN109251270A, CN1884326A and CN101492517B.

[0075] Provided that the above-mentioned product characteristics are met, the present invention does not impose any particular limitation on the amount of each component used in the grafting reaction. Specifically, the mass ratio of the free radical initiator to the alkenyl-containing functional monomer can be 0.1 to 10:100, preferably 0.5 to 5:100. The mass ratio of the alkenyl-containing functional monomer to the polypropylene can be 0.5 to 25:100, preferably 1 to 20:100.

[0076] The present invention does not particularly limit the process conditions for the grafting reaction. Specifically, the temperature of the grafting reaction can be 30-110°C, preferably 60-95°C; the time can be 0.5-10h, preferably 1-6h.

[0077] In this invention, the "reaction mixture" includes all materials added to the grafting reaction system. The materials can be added all at once or at different stages of the reaction.

[0078] The reaction mixture of the present invention also includes deionized water as a dispersant. The amount of deionized water is 300-800% of the total mass of the polypropylene powder and the alkenyl-containing functional monomer.

[0079] The reaction mixture of the present invention may further include an organic solvent as a solvent for dissolving the solid free radical initiator. The organic solvent preferably includes at least one of C2-C5 alcohols, C2-C4 ethers, and C3-C5 ketones; more preferably, it includes at least one of C2-C4 alcohols, C2-C3 ethers, and C3-C5 ketones; and most preferably, it includes at least one of ethanol, diethyl ether, and acetone. The mass content of the organic solvent is preferably 1-35% of the mass of the polypropylene powder.

[0080] According to the present invention, the preparation method of the modified polypropylene grafted with the alkenyl functional monomer can be selected from one of the following methods:

[0081] Method 1, the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0082] a. Place the polypropylene powder in a closed reactor and replace it with an inert gas;

[0083] b. Add the free radical initiator and the alkenyl-containing functional monomer to the closed reactor and stir to mix;

[0084] c. Add deionized water to raise the temperature of the reaction system to the grafting reaction temperature and carry out the grafting reaction; optionally, allow the reaction system to swell before or after adding deionized water;

[0085] d. After the reaction is complete, the mixture is filtered and dried to obtain the modified polypropylene grafted with the alkenyl functional monomer.

[0086] Method 2, the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0087] a. Place the polypropylene powder in a closed reactor and replace it with an inert gas;

[0088] b. Mix the organic solvent and the free radical initiator, and add them to the closed reactor;

[0089] c. Remove the organic solvent, add an alkenyl-containing functional monomer, and optionally swell the reaction system;

[0090] d. Add deionized water to raise the temperature of the reaction system to the grafting reaction temperature and carry out the grafting reaction;

[0091] e. After the reaction is complete, the mixture is filtered and dried to obtain the modified polypropylene grafted with the alkenyl functional monomer.

[0092] According to the method of the present invention, the polypropylene powder used can be commercially available as a product with a suitable particle size, or it can be purchased or made in-house and then screened. Therefore, the present invention may also include a step of screening pretreatment of the polypropylene powder. Screening can be achieved using conventional sieving methods. According to a preferred embodiment, the screening pretreatment includes the following steps: screening the powder using a double-layer vibrating screen or linear screen equipped with a screen of appropriate mesh size, and using the polypropylene powder in the middle layer of the screening machine as the reactant to obtain raw material powder with a corresponding particle size range.

[0093] According to a more specific embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing the modified polypropylene grafted with the alkenyl functional monomer is selected from one of the following methods:

[0094] Method 1, the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0095] a. Use a double-layer vibrating screen or linear screen equipped with 16-mesh and 48-mesh screens to screen the powder, and use the polypropylene powder in the middle layer of the screening machine as the reaction material.

[0096] b. Place the polypropylene powder in the middle layer of the screening machine into a closed reactor for inert gas replacement;

[0097] c. Dissolve the free radical initiator in an alkenyl functional monomer to prepare a solution, add it to a closed reactor containing polypropylene, and stir to mix.

[0098] d. Add deionized water, heat the system to the graft polymerization temperature of 30-110°C, and react for 0.5-10 hours; optionally, allow the reaction system to swell before or after adding deionized water;

[0099] e. After the reaction is complete, the mixture is filtered and dried to obtain the modified polypropylene grafted with the alkenyl functional monomer.

[0100] Method 2, the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0101] a. Use a double-layer vibrating screen or linear screen equipped with 16-mesh and 48-mesh screens to screen the powder, and use the polypropylene powder in the middle layer of the screening machine as the reaction material.

[0102] b. Place the polypropylene powder in the middle layer of the screening machine into a closed reactor for inert gas replacement;

[0103] c. Mix the organic solvent and the free radical initiator, and add them to the closed reactor;

[0104] c. Remove the organic solvent, add an alkenyl-containing functional monomer, and optionally swell the reaction system;

[0105] d. Add deionized water, heat the system to the graft polymerization temperature of 30-110℃, and react for 0.5-10 hours;

[0106] e. After the reaction is complete, the mixture is filtered and dried to obtain the modified polypropylene grafted with the alkenyl functional monomer.

[0107] The inert gas described in this invention can be any of the inert gases commonly used in the art, including but not limited to nitrogen and argon.

[0108] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the antioxidant is selected from one or more of hindered phenols, hindered amines, phosphites, and thiolated compounds. Preferably, the antioxidant is selected from at least one of pentaerythritol tetrakis[β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate] (antioxidant 1010), tris[2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl] phosphite (antioxidant 168), octadecyl β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate (antioxidant 1076), 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) (antioxidant 2246), 1,1,3-tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)butane (antioxidant CA), and pentaerythritol diphosphite bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenol) (antioxidant 626). Based on 100 parts by weight of modified polypropylene, the content of antioxidant can be 0.1 to 0.8 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 0.6 parts by weight.

[0109] According to the present invention, the processing aids include, but are not limited to, lubricants, acid absorbers, slip agents, antistatic agents, and anti-sticking agents. The amounts of each aid can be conventionally selected in the art, as those skilled in the art will know, and will not be elaborated upon here. The processing aids used will not adversely affect the stretching film-forming properties or mechanical properties of the modified polypropylene composition. Based on 100 parts by weight of modified polypropylene, the content of the processing aid can be 0.05 to 1 part by weight, preferably 0.05 to 0.5 parts by weight.

[0110] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the processing aid is a lubricant. The lubricant may be selected from one or more of the following: polyethylene glycol lubricants, fluoropolymer lubricants, silicone lubricants, fatty alcohol lubricants, fatty acid lubricants, fatty acid ester lubricants, stearamide lubricants, fatty acid metal soap lubricants, alkane and oxidized alkane lubricants, and micro / nano particle lubricants.

[0111] Specifically, the PEG-based lubricant can be, for example, a PEG molecule with a molecular weight of 500 to 50,000, which can be end-capped, grafted, cross-linked, or subjected to other chemical or physical modifications. The fluoropolymer lubricant can be, for example, at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polyhexafluoropropylene, or other unimodal or multimodal fluoropolymers, as well as crystalline or semi-crystalline fluoropolymers. The silicone lubricant can be any existing compound with carbon or silicon atoms as the main molecular chain and oligomers or oligomers with organic groups such as methyl, phenyl, alkoxy, and vinyl as side chains. The fatty alcohol lubricant can be, for example, at least one of soft fatty alcohol, stearic alcohol, and tallow fatty alcohol. The fatty acid lubricant can be, for example, stearic acid and / or 12-hydroxystearic acid. The fatty acid ester lubricant can be, for example, at least one of butyl stearate, glyceryl monostearate, hexadecyl palmitate, and octadecyl stearate. The stearamide lubricant may be at least one of stearamide, oleamide, erucamide, n,n-ethylene bis-stearamide (EBS), etc. The fatty acid metal soap lubricant may be at least one of lead stearate, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, synthetic calcium acetate, etc. The alkane and alkane oxide lubricant may be at least one of liquid paraffin, solid paraffin, polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax, ethylene oxide wax, etc. The micro / nano particle lubricant may be, for example, powdered rubber and / or silica gel microparticles.

[0112] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the processing aid is a fluoropolymer.

[0113] All of the above processing aids are commercially available.

[0114] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the polypropylene roughened film for film capacitors, comprising the following steps: mixing and granulating the modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers, antioxidants, and processing aids, then molding it into a cast sheet, and then subjecting it to biaxial stretching and roughening to obtain the polypropylene roughened film.

[0115] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0116] (1) Mix the modified polypropylene grafted with the alkenyl functional monomer, antioxidant, and processing aid and granulate.

[0117] (2) The obtained granules are melt-extruded and cast into sheets to obtain modified polypropylene sheets;

[0118] (3) The modified polypropylene casting is stretched along the MD direction and then stretched along the TD direction, kept relaxed and heat-set, and finally cured at a temperature of 20-50°C to form a fine surface roughening.

[0119] The process of mixing and extruding the modified polypropylene with antioxidants and processing aids in step (1) typically includes: mixing the modified polypropylene composition evenly in a high-speed mixer; adding the evenly mixed material to a twin-screw extruder or a single-screw extruder for melt mixing and uniform extrusion granulation; and drying to obtain granules. The processing temperature of the twin-screw extruder can be controlled between 190℃ and 240℃.

[0120] The preferred steps of step (2) for casting the polypropylene sheet include: the obtained granules are melt-extruded through an extruder T-die, heat-treated in one or more metal cylinder groups, and then cooled and solidified by a quenching roller. The casting temperature is controlled at 190℃~240℃, the diameter of the metal cylinders is 60cm~200cm, and the temperature is maintained at 80℃~140℃, preferably 90℃~110℃. The thickness of the resulting polypropylene casting sheet is 0.1mm~1mm, preferably 0.2mm~0.8mm, and the β-crystal content is 5%~40%, preferably 10%~30%. Within the aforementioned β-crystal content range, a suitable roughness can be obtained, thus avoiding a significant impact on electrical properties while meeting the requirements of subsequent impregnation, vapor deposition, and winding processes.

[0121] The modified polypropylene cast sheet can be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, and the multi-layer structure is preferably a three-layer structure consisting of an upper surface layer, a core layer and a lower surface layer.

[0122] The biaxial stretching method of this invention is a step-by-step stretching method. The stretching temperature range is 155℃~175℃, the stretching rate is 50~500% / s, and the stretching ratio is 3~8 times. First, stretching is performed along the MD direction, during which β crystals melt and transform into α crystals under stretching, forming an uneven morphology on the film surface. Then, stretching is performed along the TD direction, followed by relaxation and heat setting at a temperature of 160℃~180℃. Finally, curing treatment is carried out at a temperature of 20℃~50℃. Through this stretching process, a film with excellent mechanical strength can be obtained. In addition, the surface unevenness of the film is more clearly defined, forming a stretched film with a finely roughened surface.

[0123] The polypropylene roughened film and metallized polypropylene film for thin-film capacitors of the present invention can be used to prepare polypropylene capacitor films. The polypropylene capacitor film can be one or more layers, wherein at least one surface layer (upper or lower surface layer) is the polypropylene roughened film.

[0124] The present invention also provides a metallized polypropylene film for film capacitors, wherein the metallized polypropylene film for film capacitors is a roughened polypropylene film for film capacitors with metallization on one or both sides.

[0125] This invention does not particularly limit the preparation method of the metallized polypropylene film; existing technologies such as vapor deposition and sputtering can be used, with vacuum vapor deposition being preferred. Preferably, one or both sides of the roughened polypropylene film of this invention are directly metallized to obtain the metallized polypropylene film for capacitors. The metallized polypropylene film can be used as an electrode during capacitor processing. The metal used for metallization of the film can be a single element, a mixture of various elements, or an alloy, such as zinc, lead, silver, chromium, aluminum, copper, or nickel, with zinc and aluminum being preferred.

[0126] According to the present invention, the method may further include subjecting the obtained polypropylene film to surface corona treatment, edge trimming, and winding, which are conventional operations in the art and are not particularly limited thereto.

[0127] The polypropylene roughened film for thin-film capacitors of the present invention exhibits excellent winding adaptability and good voltage withstand characteristics due to its fine surface roughening. Simultaneously, this film possesses the advantages of being ultra-thin and having good tensile properties, allowing it to balance mechanical and electrical properties at higher operating temperatures, making it suitable for high-temperature and high-field-strength operating conditions.

[0128] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0129] In the following examples and comparative examples:

[0130] The casting equipment was purchased from Guangzhou Putong, specifically the MESI3030 multilayer composite testing machine.

[0131] The biaxial stretching equipment for thin films was purchased from Brückner GmbH, Germany, model Karo IV.

[0132] The properties of the modified polypropylene composition and the film were tested according to the following methods, and the film test results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0133] 1. Determination of ash content in polypropylene / modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers:

[0134] The determination shall be carried out in accordance with the method specified in GB / T 9345-2008.

[0135] 2. Isotacticity determination of polypropylene:

[0136] The determination shall be carried out in accordance with the method specified in GB / T 2412-2008.

[0137] 3. Determination of Melt Flow Rate (MFR):

[0138] The MFR of polypropylene / grafted modified polypropylene was determined using a CEAST 7026 melt flow indexer at 230°C and a load of 2.16 kg, according to the method specified in GB / T 3682-2018.

[0139] 4. Melting temperature T m Measurement:

[0140] Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to analyze the melting and crystallization processes of polypropylene / grafted modified polypropylene. Specifically, under nitrogen protection, 5–10 mg of sample was heated from 20 °C to 200 °C using a three-stage heating and cooling method. Changes in heat flow were used to reflect the melting and crystallization processes, and the melting temperature T was calculated accordingly. m .

[0141] 5. Determination of parameter η:

[0142] Boil 1-2g of the grafted product under reflux in an appropriate amount of xylene until the particles are completely dissolved. While still hot, pour the xylene solution into 6 times its volume of organic solvent (ethyl acetate or acetone) to precipitate. Let the mixture stand for 1 hour until all insoluble matter precipitates out. Filter the mixture using a vacuum funnel. The filtered insoluble matter is the pure grafted product, which is then dried and weighed. The ratio of the grafted portion to the self-polymerized portion of the functional monomer structural unit is:

[0143]

[0144] In the formula, w0 is the mass of ungrafted polypropylene, w1 is the mass of the grafted product, and w2 is the mass of the insoluble matter.

[0145] 6. Determination of flexural modulus:

[0146] The determination shall be carried out in accordance with the method specified in GB / T 9341-2008.

[0147] 7. Determination of DC volume resistivity:

[0148] The determination shall be carried out in accordance with the method specified in GB / T 13542.2-2009.

[0149] 8. Determination of breakdown field strength:

[0150] The determination shall be carried out in accordance with the method specified in GB / T 13542.2-2009.

[0151] 9. Measurement of energy storage density and energy storage efficiency:

[0152] The determination should be performed according to the methods specified in the following literature.

[0153] Yuan,C.,Zhou,Y.,Zhu,Y.et al.Polymer / molecular semiconductor all-organic composites for high-temperature dielectric energy storage.NatCommun11,3919(2020).

[0154] 10. Determination of dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor:

[0155] The determination should be performed according to the methods specified in the following literature.

[0156] Yuan,C.,Zhou,Y.,Zhu,Y.et al.Polymer / molecular semiconductor all-organic composites for high-temperature dielectric energy storage.NatCommun11,3919(2020).

[0157] 11. Thickness of the capacitor film:

[0158] The determination shall be carried out in accordance with the method specified in GB / T 13542.3-2009.

[0159] 12. Characterization of the dispersed phase and calculation of D50:

[0160] Polypropylene / polypropylene modified material was hot-pressed and extruded to obtain strips, which were then immersed in liquid nitrogen for 15 minutes and fractured. The fracture surface was sputter-coated with gold, and the cross-section was characterized by scanning electron microscopy to obtain microscopic morphology images. Using analytical software, 200 dispersed phases from each sample were taken and their diameters measured. The D50 was calculated using data processing software. D50 represents the median particle size, which is the particle size corresponding to a cumulative particle size distribution percentage of 50% for a sample.

[0161] 13. Determination of tensile strength and elongation at break of thin films:

[0162] The determination shall be carried out in accordance with the method specified in GB / T 13542.2-2009.

[0163] 14. Surface roughness measurement:

[0164] The determination shall be performed in accordance with the method specified in ISO 25178 (GB / T 13542.3-2006, Ra).

[0165] Example

[0166] The raw materials used in the examples are described in Tables A and B below.

[0167] Table A

[0168]

[0169]

[0170] *PP1: Polypropylene used in Examples 1, 4, 6, 10-12, and Comparative Examples 1, 3-5.

[0171] *PP2: Polypropylene used in Examples 2, 3, 5, 7, and 9.

[0172] *PP3: Polypropylene used in Example 8.

[0173] *PP4: Polypropylene used in Comparative Example 2.

[0174] Properties of the powders used in the examples (Table B)

[0175]

[0176] In all embodiments, the polypropylene powder used was sieved using a vibrating screen equipped with 16-mesh and 48-mesh sieves before the grafting reaction.

[0177] Example 1

[0178] (1) Preparation of modified polypropylene

[0179] 5.0 kg of PP1 powder, sieved through a sieve, was added to a 50 L reactor equipped with a double-layer four-bladed agitator and baffles. The reaction system was sealed, and nitrogen was used for purging to remove oxygen. A homogeneous solution of 7.2 g of tert-butyl peroxide (2-ethylhexanoate) and 400 g of styrene was added to the reactor and mixed with the powder for 30 minutes. Then, 17.8 kg of deoxygenated deionized water was added, and the mixture was heated to 50 °C for 2 hours to allow swelling. The swollen powder was then heated to 95 °C and reacted for 4 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled, the liquid components were filtered off, and the product was vacuum dried at 70 °C for 10 hours to obtain polypropylene-g-styrene powder. Figure 1 The image shows the microstructure of the product from Example 1 under a 20,000x electron microscope. The brighter spherical portions are the dispersed phase composed of styrene structural units. It can be seen that the dispersed phase has a small particle size and a regular morphology.

[0180] (2) Mixed granulation

[0181] The above-mentioned polypropylene-g-styrene powder, antioxidant 1010 / 168 (weight ratio 1:1), and processing aids were placed in a high-speed mixer and stirred at high speed for 30 seconds. Granulation was then performed using a Coperion WP25 twin-screw extruder. During processing, the twin-screw zone temperature was 190-200-210-220-230-230-210℃, and the screw speed was 300 rpm. Based on 100 parts by weight of modified polypropylene, 0.3 parts by weight of antioxidant, and 0.1 parts by weight of fluoropolymer processing aids.

[0182] (3) Preparation of polypropylene roughened film

[0183] The modified polypropylene composition granules obtained in step (2) were added to a hot air oven for drying. The dried polypropylene composition granules were then added to the core extruder and upper and lower surface extruders of a multilayer composite testing machine MESI3030 purchased from Guangzhou Putong for melt extrusion and casting. The temperature of the melt extrusion extruder was 230°C, the temperature of the screen changing zone was controlled at 230°C, the temperature of the die head was controlled at 230°C, the temperature of the cylinder was controlled at 100°C, and the temperature of the cooling roller was controlled at 25°C, to produce a modified polypropylene composition thick casting sheet with a thickness of 0.24 mm. The β crystal content of the modified polypropylene casting sheet was 28%.

[0184] The modified polypropylene composition thick casting sheet was placed into the stretching fixture of a biaxial stretching equipment and formed using a biaxial step-by-step stretching process, first longitudinal (MD) stretching and then transverse (TD) stretching. The process conditions for each step are shown in Table 1: MD preheating temperature is 160℃, MD stretching temperature is 160℃, MD stretching ratio is 5 times, and MD stretching rate is 200% / s; TD preheating temperature is 165℃, TD stretching temperature is 165℃, TD stretching ratio is 7 times, and film TD stretching rate is 300% / s; after relaxation and heat setting, the film setting temperature is 170℃, and finally, a curing treatment is performed at 30℃ to form a fine surface roughening, resulting in a biaxially stretched polypropylene roughened film.

[0185] The tensile properties, electrical properties, and other properties of the biaxially oriented polypropylene roughened film were tested, as shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0186] Example 2

[0187] (1) Preparation of modified polypropylene

[0188] 5.0 kg of PP2 powder, sieved through a sieve, was added to a 50 L reactor equipped with a double-layer four-bladed agitator and baffles. The reaction system was sealed, and nitrogen was used for purging to remove oxygen. A homogeneous solution of 13.5 g of tert-butyl peroxide (2-ethylhexanoate) and 1001 g of styrene was added to the reactor and stirred with the powder. The mixture was then heated to 40 °C for 3 hours to allow swelling. Next, 36.0 kg of deionized water, preheated to 40 °C and deoxygenated, was added through a feed tank. The reactor was then heated to 90 °C and reacted for 6 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled, the liquid components were filtered off, and the product was vacuum-dried at 70 °C for 10 hours to obtain polypropylene-g-styrene powder. Figure 2 The image shows the microstructure of the product in Example 2 under a 20,000x electron microscope, where the spherical bright areas are the dispersed phase composed of styrene structural units.

[0189] (2) Mixed granulation

[0190] The above-mentioned polypropylene-g-styrene powder, antioxidant 1035 / 168 (weight ratio 1:1), and processing aids were placed in a high-speed mixer and stirred at high speed for 30 seconds. Granulation was then performed using a Coperion WP25 twin-screw extruder. During processing, the twin-screw zone temperature was 190-200-210-220-230-230-210℃, and the screw speed was 300 rpm. Based on 100 parts by weight of modified polypropylene, the total amount of antioxidant was 0.5 parts by weight, and the amount of fluoropolymer processing aids was 0.2 parts by weight.

[0191] (3) Preparation of polypropylene roughened film

[0192] In this embodiment, the film preparation method is the same as in Example 1, except that the biaxial stretching process conditions are different, as detailed in Table 1. The performance parameters of the obtained roughened polypropylene film are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0193] Example 3

[0194] (1) Preparation of modified polypropylene

[0195] 5.0 kg of PP2 powder, sieved from the middle layer of a sieve, was added to a 50 L reactor equipped with a double-layer four-bladed agitator and baffles. The reaction system was sealed, and nitrogen was used for purging to remove oxygen. A homogeneous solution of 3.1 g benzoyl peroxide, 112 g styrene, and 13.9 g maleic anhydride was prepared and added to the reactor along with the powder. The mixture was stirred and allowed to swell at room temperature for 8 hours, then heated to 92 °C. 16.4 kg of deionized water, preheated to 92 °C and deoxygenated, was then added through a feed tank, and the reaction was continued for 4 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled, the liquid components were filtered off, and the product was vacuum dried at 70 °C for 10 hours to obtain polypropylene-g-maleic anhydride / styrene powder. Figure 3The image shows the microstructure of the powder in Example 3 under a 20,000x electron microscope. The spherical bright areas are the dispersed phase composed of maleic anhydride / styrene structural units.

[0196] (2) Mixed granulation

[0197] The modified polypropylene, antioxidant 1010 / 168 (weight ratio 1:1), and fluoropolymer were placed in a high-speed mixer and stirred at high speed for 30 seconds. Granulation was then performed using a Coperion WP25 twin-screw extruder. During processing, the twin-screw zone temperature was 190-200-210-220-230-230-210℃, and the screw speed was 300 rpm. Based on 100 parts by weight of modified polypropylene, the total amount of antioxidant was 0.3 parts by weight, and the amount of fluoropolymer was 0.1 parts by weight.

[0198] (3) Preparation of polypropylene roughened film

[0199] In this embodiment, the film preparation method is the same as in Example 1, except that the biaxial stretching process conditions are different, as detailed in Table 1. The performance parameters of the obtained roughened polypropylene film are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0200] Example 4

[0201] (1) Preparation of modified polypropylene

[0202] 5.0 kg of PP1 powder, sieved through a sieve, was added to a 50 L reactor equipped with a double-layer four-bladed agitator and baffles. The reaction system was sealed, and nitrogen was used for purging to remove oxygen. A homogeneous solution of 2.5 g benzoyl peroxide and 250.5 g methyl methacrylate was added to the reactor and mixed with the powder for 30 min. Then, 26.3 kg of deoxygenated deionized water was added. The reactor was heated to 91 °C and reacted for 3 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled, the liquid components were filtered off, and the product was vacuum dried at 70 °C for 10 hours to obtain polypropylene-g-methyl methacrylate powder.

[0203] (2) Mixed granulation

[0204] The above-mentioned polypropylene-g-methyl methacrylate, antioxidant 1076 / 168 (weight ratio 1:1) and fluoropolymer were placed in a high-speed mixer and stirred at high speed for 30 seconds. Granulation was then performed using a Coperion WP25 twin-screw extruder. During processing, the twin-screw zone temperature was 190-200-210-220-230-230-210℃, and the screw speed was 300 rpm. Based on 100 parts by weight of modified polypropylene, the total amount of antioxidant was 0.3 parts by weight, and the amount of fluoropolymer was 0.1 parts by weight.

[0205] (3) Preparation of polypropylene roughened film

[0206] In this embodiment, the film preparation method is the same as in Example 1, except that the biaxial stretching process conditions are different, as detailed in Table 1. The performance parameters of the obtained roughened polypropylene film are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0207] Example 5

[0208] (1) Preparation of modified polypropylene

[0209] 5.0 kg of PP2 powder, sieved from the middle layer of a sieve, was added to a 50 L reactor equipped with a double-layer four-bladed agitator and baffles. The reaction system was sealed, and nitrogen was used for purging to remove oxygen. A homogeneous solution of 6.2 g benzoyl peroxide, 198.0 g styrene, and 52.0 g maleic anhydride was prepared and added to the reactor along with the powder. The mixture was stirred and allowed to swell at room temperature for 6 hours, then heated to 90 °C. 22.6 kg of deionized water, preheated to 90 °C and deoxygenated, was then added through a feed tank, and the reaction was continued for 4 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled, the liquid components were filtered off, and the product was vacuum dried at 70 °C for 10 hours to obtain polypropylene-g-maleic anhydride / styrene powder.

[0210] (2) Mixed granulation

[0211] The above-mentioned polypropylene-g-styrene / maleic anhydride, antioxidant 1010 / 168 (weight ratio 1:1) and fluoropolymer were placed in a high-speed mixer and stirred at high speed for 30 seconds. Granulation was then performed using a Coperion WP25 twin-screw extruder. During processing, the twin-screw zone temperature was 190-200-210-220-230-230-210℃, and the screw speed was 300 rpm. Based on 100 parts by weight of modified polypropylene, the total amount of antioxidant was 0.3 parts by weight, and the amount of fluoropolymer was 0.1 parts by weight.

[0212] (3) Preparation of polypropylene roughened film

[0213] In this embodiment, the film preparation method is the same as in Example 1, except that the biaxial stretching process conditions are different, as detailed in Table 1. The performance parameters of the obtained roughened polypropylene film are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0214] Example 6

[0215] (1) Preparation of modified polypropylene

[0216] 5.0 kg of PP1 powder, sieved through a sieve, was added to a 50 L reactor equipped with a double-layer four-bladed agitator and baffles. The reaction system was sealed, and nitrogen was used for purging to remove oxygen. A homogeneous solution of 31 g lauroyl peroxide and 603 g vinyltriethoxysilane was prepared and added to the reactor, where it was stirred and mixed with the powder for 20 min. Then, 19.6 kg of deoxygenated deionized water was added. The reactor was heated to 91 °C and reacted for 7 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled, the liquid components were filtered off, and the product was vacuum dried at 70 °C for 10 hours to obtain polypropylene-g-vinyltriethoxysilane powder.

[0217] (2) The powder obtained above was granulated and the film product was prepared using the same methods and conditions as in Example 1. The performance parameters of the obtained polypropylene roughened film are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0218] Example 7

[0219] (1) Preparation of modified polypropylene

[0220] 5.0 kg of PP2 powder, sieved from the middle layer of a sieve, was added to a 50 L reactor equipped with a double-layer four-bladed agitator and baffles. The reaction system was sealed, and nitrogen was used for purging to remove oxygen. A homogeneous solution of 6.2 g benzoyl peroxide, 115.0 g methyl acrylate, and 38.0 g acrylic acid was prepared and added to the reactor, where it was stirred and mixed with the powder for 40 min. The temperature was then raised to 95 °C. 36.1 kg of deionized water, preheated to 90 °C and deoxygenated, was then added through a feeding tank, and the reaction was continued for 4 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled, the liquid components were filtered off, and the product was vacuum dried at 70 °C for 10 hours to obtain polypropylene-g-methyl acrylate / acrylic acid powder.

[0221] (2) The powder obtained above was granulated and the film product was prepared using the same methods and conditions as in Example 1. The performance parameters of the obtained polypropylene roughened film are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0222] Example 8

[0223] The PP1 powder in Example 1 was replaced with PP3 powder sieved through a sieve. All other preparation conditions and methods were the same as in Example 1. The performance parameters of the resulting roughened polypropylene film were tested. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0224] Example 9

[0225] (1) Preparation of modified polypropylene

[0226] 5.0 kg of PP2 powder, sieved through a sieve, was added to a 50 L reactor equipped with a double-layer four-bladed agitator and baffles. The reaction system was sealed, and nitrogen was used for purging to remove oxygen. A homogeneous solution of 8.8 g of benzoyl peroxide and 355 g of 4-vinylpyridine was added to the reactor and stirred for 30 minutes. Then, 27.8 kg of deoxygenated deionized water was added, and the mixture was heated to 50 °C for 2 hours to allow swelling. The reactor was then heated to 92 °C and reacted for 6 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled, the liquid components were filtered off, and the product was vacuum-dried at 70 °C for 10 hours to obtain polypropylene-g-4-vinylpyridine powder.

[0227] (2) The powder obtained above was granulated and the film product was prepared using the same methods and conditions as in Example 1. The performance parameters of the obtained polypropylene roughened film are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0228] Example 10

[0229] (1) Preparation of modified polypropylene

[0230] 5.0 kg of PP1 powder, sieved through a sieve, was added to a 50 L reactor equipped with a double-layer four-bladed agitator and baffles. The reaction system was sealed, and nitrogen was used for purging to remove oxygen. A homogeneous solution of 1.35 g benzoyl peroxide and 76 g glycidyl methacrylate was added to the reactor and mixed with the powder for 30 min. Then, 16.7 kg of deoxygenated deionized water was added. The reactor was heated to 93 °C and reacted for 2.5 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled, the liquid components were filtered off, and the product was vacuum dried at 70 °C for 10 hours to obtain polypropylene-glycidyl methacrylate powder. Figure 4 This is a microscopic image of the powder in Example 10 under a 20,000x electron microscope, where the spherical phase with higher brightness is the dispersed phase.

[0231] (2) The powder obtained above was granulated and the film product was prepared using the same methods and conditions as in Example 1. The performance parameters of the obtained polypropylene roughened film are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0232] Example 11

[0233] The PP1 powder screened out from the middle layer of the screening machine in Example 1 was replaced with the PP1 powder screened out from the upper layer of the screening machine. Other preparation conditions and methods were the same as in Example 1. The performance parameters of the resulting polypropylene roughened film are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0234] Example 12

[0235] The PP1 powder screened out from the middle layer of the screening machine in Example 1 was replaced with the PP1 powder screened out from the bottom layer of the screening machine. Other preparation conditions and methods were the same as in Example 1. The performance parameters of the resulting polypropylene roughened film are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0236] Comparative Example 1

[0237] 5.0 kg of PP1 powder sieved from the middle layer of a sieving machine was used for granulation and film preparation. Other preparation conditions and methods were the same as in Example 1. The performance parameters of the obtained products were tested. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3. Figure 5 This is a microscopic image of PP1 powder under a 20,000x electron microscope, showing no visible dispersed phase.

[0238] Comparative Example 2

[0239] The PP1 powder in Example 1 was replaced with PP4 powder sieved through a sieve. 10.8 kg of deionized water was added. Other preparation conditions and methods were the same as in Example 1. The performance parameters of the obtained product were tested. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0240] Comparative Example 3

[0241] 5.0 kg of PP1 powder, sieved through a sieve, was added to a 50 L reactor equipped with a double-layer four-bladed agitator and baffles. The reaction system was sealed, and nitrogen was used for purging to remove oxygen. A homogeneous solution of 7.5 g of benzoyl peroxide and 500 g of n-butyl methacrylate was prepared and added to the reactor, where it was stirred and mixed with the powder for 30 min. Then, 16.5 kg of deoxygenated deionized water was added. The reactor was heated to 93 °C and reacted for 2.5 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled, the liquid components were filtered off, and the product was vacuum dried at 70 °C for 10 hours to obtain polypropylene-g-n-butyl methacrylate powder.

[0242] The powder obtained above was granulated and used to prepare film products, using the same methods and conditions as in Example 1. The performance parameters of the obtained films are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0243] Comparative Example 4

[0244] 5.0 kg of PP1 powder sieved from the middle layer of a sieve was mixed with 400 g of polystyrene GPPS-123 for granulation and film preparation. Other preparation conditions and methods were the same as in Example 1. The performance parameters of the obtained products were tested. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0245] Comparative Example 5

[0246] 5.0 kg of PP1 powder sieved from the middle layer of a sieve was added to 1000 g of polystyrene GPPS-123 for granulation and film product preparation. Other preparation conditions and methods were the same as in Example 2. During biaxial stretching film preparation, the film ruptured.

[0247] Comparative Example 6

[0248] The performance parameters of the copper peak MPP03 high-temperature membrane were tested, and the results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0249]

[0250]

[0251]

[0252] A comparison of D1 and C1 shows that grafting modification can significantly improve the dielectric and energy storage properties of polypropylene.

[0253] A comparison of D2 and C1 shows that when high-ash polypropylene is used as the reaction raw material, even under the same preparation conditions, the grafted phase is smaller, and its energy storage efficiency and energy storage performance are significantly lower than those of low-ash polypropylene modifiers.

[0254] By comparing D3 and C1-C12, it can be seen that if the dispersed phase size is too large, the breakdown strength of the product is almost not improved compared to D1, and other dielectric properties and energy storage properties are not significantly improved compared to D1, which is significantly different from the grafted modification examples.

[0255] A comparison of D4 and C1-C12 shows that by directly adding grafted monomer polymers, the interfacial forces between the grafted monomer polymers and polypropylene are weaker, the breakdown strength is lower, and the energy storage performance is actually lower than that of D1.

[0256] A comparison of D5 and C2 shows that even with a high amount of functional monomers added, the polypropylene graft-modified material can still form a film normally. However, after adding a large amount of functional monomer polymers, the material cracks during processing and cannot form a film.

[0257] By comparing D6 and C1-C12, it can be seen that the energy storage efficiency of the roughened film of the present invention at 120°C is significantly higher than that of commercially available high-temperature capacitor films, and the energy storage density and dielectric properties are also comparable to or slightly better than those of commercially available high-temperature capacitor films.

[0258] As can be seen from C11-C12, controlling the particle size of the polypropylene base material to the optimal range can give the product better insulation and energy storage performance.

[0259] The various embodiments of the present invention have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

[0260] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A polypropylene roughened film for a film capacitor, the polypropylene roughened film comprising modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers, an antioxidant, and a processing aid; The modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers comprises structural units derived from polypropylene as the matrix phase and structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers as the dispersed phase; the ash content of the modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers is less than 50 ppm; the mass ratio of structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers and in the grafted state to structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers and in the self-polymerized state in the modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers is greater than or equal to 1.0; the D50 of the dispersed phase is less than 450 nm. The polypropylene has a particle size of 16-50 mesh, an ash content of less than 55 ppm, and a flexural modulus of 1400-2000 MPa.

2. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 1, wherein, The ash content of the modified polypropylene grafted with the alkenyl functional monomer is less than 36 ppm.

3. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 2, wherein, The ash content of the modified polypropylene grafted with the alkenyl functional monomer is less than 30 ppm.

4. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 1, wherein, In the modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers, the mass ratio of structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers and in the grafted state to structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers and in the self-polymerized state is 1.1 to 10.

5. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 4, wherein, In the modified polypropylene grafted with alkenyl functional monomers, the mass ratio of structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers and in the grafted state to structural units derived from alkenyl functional monomers and in the self-polymerized state is 1.2 to 6.

6. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 1, wherein, The D50 of the dispersed phase is 50~400 nm.

7. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 1, wherein, The polypropylene roughened film has at least one of the following characteristics: longitudinal tensile strength ≥120MPa; transverse tensile strength ≥150MPa; longitudinal elongation at break ≥120%; transverse elongation at break ≥50%; thickness of 6μm~18μm; and centerline average roughness of at least one surface of 0.20μm~0.50μm.

8. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 7, wherein, The polypropylene roughened film has at least one of the following characteristics: longitudinal tensile strength of 130~170MPa; transverse tensile strength of 205~250MPa; longitudinal elongation at break of 130~200%; transverse elongation at break of 60~90%; thickness of 6μm~18μm; and centerline average roughness of at least one surface of 0.20μm~0.40μm.

9. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 1, wherein, The polypropylene roughened film has at least one of the following characteristics: - Maximum operating temperature ≥100 ℃; Breakdown field strength E at -120 ℃ g ≥500 MV / m; DC volume resistivity ρ at -120 ℃ and 200 MV / m electric field strength vg ≥6.0×10 13 Ω m; The dielectric constant at -120 ℃ and 100 Hz is greater than 2.25; The dielectric loss at -120 ℃ and 100 Hz is less than 1.55E-3; The energy storage density at -120 ℃ and 300 MV / m is greater than 0.710 J / cm³. 3 ; The energy storage efficiency at -120 ℃ and 300 MV / m is greater than 90.0%.

10. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 9, wherein, The polypropylene roughened film has at least one of the following characteristics: - Maximum operating temperature is 110~160 ℃; Breakdown field strength E at -120 ℃ g The value is 550~800 MV / m; DC volume resistivity ρ at -120 ℃ and 200 MV / m electric field strength vg 1.0×10 14 Ω m~1.0×10 20 Ω m; The dielectric constant at -120 ℃ and 100 Hz is 2.26~2.65; The dielectric loss at -120 ℃ and 100 Hz is 1.0E-6~1.3E-3; The energy storage density at -120 ℃ and 300 MV / m is 0.730~2.0 J / cm³. 3 ; The energy storage efficiency at -120 ℃ and 300 MV / m is 92.0 ~ 99.0%.

11. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 10, wherein, The maximum operating temperature is 120~145℃.

12. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 1, wherein, The modified polypropylene grafted with the alkenyl functional monomer has at least one of the following characteristics: a melt flow rate of 1~10 g / 10min at 230 °C and 2.16 kg load; and a melting temperature T. m Temperature range: 155~168 ℃; flexural modulus range: 1400~2000 MPa.

13. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 12, wherein, The melt flow rate at 230 °C and 2.16 kg load is 1.5~8 g / 10min.

14. The polypropylene roughened film for a film capacitor according to claim 13, wherein, The melt flow rate at 230 °C and 2.16 kg load is 2~5 g / 10min.

15. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 12, wherein, Melting temperature T m The temperature ranges from 157 to 165℃.

16. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 12, wherein, The flexural modulus is 1500~1800MPa.

17. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 1, wherein, The alkenyl-containing functional monomer is selected from at least one monomer having the structure shown in Formula 1. Formula 1 In Equation 1, R b R c R d Each is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups; R a Selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted ester groups, substituted or unsubstituted carboxyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl or heterocyclic groups, cyano groups, and substituted or unsubstituted silyl groups; R a and R d Arrange the rings arbitrarily.

18. The polypropylene roughened film for a film capacitor according to claim 17, wherein, R b R c R d Each is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl groups; R a Selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Ester group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Carboxyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 20 Cycloalkyl or heterocyclic, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 20 Silyl group; the substituted group is halogen, -OH, -NH2, =O, C1-C 12 Alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C 12 alkoxy groups, C1-C 12 Acyloxy group; R a and R d Optionally, it can form a 4-6 membered heterocycle with a double bond.

19. The polypropylene roughened film for a film capacitor according to claim 17, wherein, R b R c R d Each is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl groups; R a It is selected from at least one of the groups shown in Formula 2, Formula 3, Formula 4, Formula 5, Formula 6, and heterocyclic groups; Formula 2 In Equation 2, R 4 -R 8 Each is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate group, sulfonic acid group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 12 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 ester group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 The substituted amino group, wherein the substituted group is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfonic acid, C1-C 12 Alkyl, C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, C1-C 12 alkoxy groups, C1-C 12 ester group, C1-C 12 The amino group; Formula 3 In Equation 3, R4-R 10 Each is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate group, sulfonic acid group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 12 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 ester group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 The substituted amino group, wherein the substituted group is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfonic acid, C1-C 12 Alkyl, C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, C1-C 12 alkoxy groups, C1-C 12 ester group, C1-C 12 The amino group; Formula 4 In Equation 4, R4'-R 10 Each group is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfonic acid, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 12 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 ester group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 The substituted amino group, wherein the substituted group is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfonic acid, C1-C 12 Alkyl, C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, C1-C 12 alkoxy groups, C1-C 12 ester group, C1-C 12 The amino group; Formula 5 In Equation 5, R', R'', and R''' are each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 12 Straight-chain alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 12 Branched alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 Acyloxy group; Formula 6 In Equation 6, R m Selected from hydroxyl groups and / or substituted or unsubstituted groups: C1-C 20 Straight-chain alkyl, C3-C 20 Branched alkyl, C3-C 12 cycloalkyl, C3-C 12 Epoxyalkyl, C3-C 12 Epoxyalkylalkyl, wherein the substituted group is selected from at least one of halogen, amino and hydroxyl groups; The heterocyclic group is selected from imidazole, pyrazol, carbazole, pyrrolidone, pyridinyl, piperidinyl, caprolactam, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, purine, morpholino, and oxazolino.

20. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 19, wherein, R 4 -R 8 Each is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy.

21. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 19, wherein, R4-R 10 Each of the groups is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, wherein the substituted group is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy.

22. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 19, wherein, R4'-R 10 Each of the groups is independently selected from H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, wherein the substituted group is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy.

23. The polypropylene roughened film for a film capacitor according to claim 19, wherein, R', R'', and R''' are each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 straight-chain alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C6 branched alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 acyloxy.

24. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 19, wherein, The alkenyl-containing functional monomer is a styrene monomer, which is selected from at least one of styrene, α-methylstyrene, 1-vinylnaphthalene, 2-vinylnaphthalene, monosubstituted or polysubstituted styrene, monosubstituted or polysubstituted α-methylstyrene, monosubstituted or polysubstituted 1-vinylnaphthalene, and monosubstituted or polysubstituted 2-vinylnaphthalene.

25. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 24, wherein, The substituted group is selected from at least one of halogen, hydroxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfonic acid, C1-C8 straight-chain alkyl, C3-C8 branched alkyl or cycloalkyl, C1-C6 straight-chain alkoxy, C3-C8 branched alkoxy or cycloalkoxy, C1-C8 straight-chain ester, C3-C8 branched ester or cycloester, C1-C8 straight-chain amino, and C3-C8 branched amino or cycloamino.

26. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 25, wherein, The styrene monomer is selected from at least one of styrene, α-methylstyrene, 2-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, and 4-methylstyrene.

27. The polypropylene roughened film for a film capacitor according to claim 19, wherein, The alkenyl-containing functional monomer is an alkenyl-containing silane monomer, which is selected from at least one of vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriisopropoxysilane, vinyltritert-butoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, methylvinyldimethoxysilane, ethylvinyldiethoxysilane, allyltriethoxysilane, allyltrimethoxysilane, allyltriisopropoxysilane, vinyltri(β-methoxyethoxy)silane, allyltri(β-methoxyethoxy)silane, allyltritert-butoxysilane, allyltriacetoxysilane, methylallyldimethoxysilane, and ethylallyldiethoxysilane.

28. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 19, wherein, The alkenyl-containing functional monomer is an acrylate monomer and / or an acrylic monomer.

29. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 28, wherein, The acrylate monomers are selected from at least one of methyl methacrylate, sec-butyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, isooctyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, coconut oleate methacrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate.

30. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 28, wherein, The acrylic monomer is selected from at least one of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and 2-ethylacrylic acid.

31. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 18, wherein, The alkenyl-containing functional monomer is at least one of maleic anhydride, maleimide and its derivatives, itaconic anhydride, and α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone.

32. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 31, wherein, The alkenyl-containing functional monomer is maleic anhydride.

33. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 1, wherein, The ash content of the polypropylene is less than 40 ppm.

34. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 33, wherein, The ash content of the polypropylene is less than 35 ppm.

35. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 1, wherein, The flexural modulus of the polypropylene is 1500~1800 MPa.

36. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 1, wherein, The polypropylene is either homopolymer polypropylene or copolymer polypropylene.

37. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 36, wherein, The polypropylene has at least one of the following characteristics: The melt flow rate at -230 ℃ and 2.16 kg load is 0.5~10 g / 10 min; -Melting temperature T m Temperatures above 150°C; -Isotacticity greater than 96%; or, the total content of ethylene and butene units is less than 3.0 mol%, or greater than 0.1 mol% and less than or equal to 3.0 mol%.

38. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 37, wherein, The polypropylene has at least one of the following characteristics: The melt flow rate at -230 ℃ and 2.16 kg load is 1~5 g / 10 min; -Melting temperature T m The temperature ranges from 153 to 180 degrees Celsius. -Isotacticity greater than 96.5%; or, the total content of ethylene and butene units is greater than 0 and less than 0.1 mol.

39. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 38, wherein, The polypropylene has at least one of the following characteristics: The melt flow rate at -230 ℃ and 2.16 kg load is 2~4 g / 10 min; -Melting temperature T m The temperature ranges from 155 to 167 degrees Celsius.

40. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 1, wherein, The modified polypropylene grafted with the alkenyl functional monomer is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: in the presence of an inert gas, a reaction mixture comprising polypropylene powder and an alkenyl functional monomer is subjected to a grafting reaction to obtain the modified polypropylene grafted with the alkenyl functional monomer.

41. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 40, wherein, The reaction mixture also includes a free radical initiator.

42. The polypropylene roughened film for a film capacitor according to claim 41, wherein, The free radical initiator is selected from peroxide free radical initiators and / or azo free radical initiators.

43. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 42, wherein, The peroxide radical initiator is selected from at least one of benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, dodecyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, diisopropyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, and dicyclohexyl peroxide; the azo radical initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile and / or azobisisoheptanenitrile.

44. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 41, wherein, The mass ratio of the free radical initiator to the alkenyl-containing functional monomer is 0.1~10:

100.

45. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 44, wherein, The mass ratio of the free radical initiator to the alkenyl-containing functional monomer is 0.5~5:

100.

46. ​​The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 41, wherein, The reaction mixture further includes at least one of the following components: deionized water and / or an organic solvent, wherein the mass content of the deionized water is 300-800% of the total mass of the polypropylene powder and the alkenyl functional monomer, and the mass content of the organic solvent is 1-35% of the mass of the polypropylene powder.

47. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 46, wherein, The preparation method of the modified polypropylene grafted with the alkenyl functional monomer includes the following steps: a. Place the polypropylene powder in a closed reactor and replace it with an inert gas; b. Add the free radical initiator and the alkenyl-containing functional monomer to the closed reactor and stir to mix; c. Add deionized water and heat the reaction system to the grafting reaction temperature to carry out the grafting reaction; optionally, allow the reaction system to swell before or after adding deionized water; d. After the reaction is complete, the mixture is filtered and dried to obtain the modified polypropylene grafted with the alkenyl functional monomer.

48. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 46, wherein, The preparation method of the modified polypropylene grafted with the alkenyl functional monomer includes the following steps: a. Place the polypropylene powder in a closed reactor and replace it with an inert gas; b. Mix the organic solvent and the free radical initiator, and add them to the closed reactor; c. Remove the organic solvent, add an alkenyl-containing functional monomer, and optionally swell the reaction system; d. Add deionized water to raise the temperature of the reaction system to the grafting reaction temperature and carry out the grafting reaction; e. After the reaction is complete, the mixture is filtered and dried to obtain the modified polypropylene grafted with the alkenyl functional monomer.

49. The polypropylene roughened film for a film capacitor according to any one of claims 40-45, wherein, It also includes a screening and pretreatment step for polypropylene powder.

50. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 49, wherein, The screening pretreatment includes the following steps: screening the powder using a double-layer vibrating screen or linear screen equipped with a screen of appropriate mesh size, and using the polypropylene powder in the middle layer of the screening machine as the reaction material.

51. The polypropylene roughened film for a film capacitor according to any one of claims 40-48, wherein, The grafting reaction is carried out at a temperature of 30~110 ℃ for 0.5~10 h.

52. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 51, wherein, The grafting reaction is carried out at a temperature of 60-95 °C for 1-6 h.

53. The polypropylene roughened film for a film capacitor according to any one of claims 1-48, wherein, Based on 100 parts by weight of modified polypropylene, the content of the antioxidant is 0.1 to 0.8 parts by weight; the content of the processing aid is 0.05 to 1 part by weight.

54. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 53, wherein, Based on 100 parts by weight of modified polypropylene, the content of the antioxidant is 0.1 to 0.6 parts by weight; the content of the processing aid is 0.05 to 0.5 parts by weight.

55. The polypropylene roughened film for a film capacitor according to any one of claims 1-48, wherein, The antioxidant is selected from one or more of hindered phenols, hindered amines, phosphites, and thiolated compounds.

56. The polypropylene roughened film for a thin-film capacitor according to claim 55, wherein, The antioxidant is selected from at least one of pentaerythritol tetrakis[β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], tris[2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl] phosphite, octadecyl β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 1,1,3-tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)butane, and bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenol) pentaerythritol diphosphite.

57. The polypropylene roughened film for a film capacitor according to any one of claims 1-48, wherein, The processing aid is selected from at least one of lubricants, acid absorbers, slip agents, antistatic agents, and anti-sticking agents; The lubricant is selected from at least one of the following: polyethylene glycol lubricants, fluoropolymer lubricants, organosilicon lubricants, fatty alcohol lubricants, fatty acid lubricants, fatty acid ester lubricants, stearamide lubricants, fatty acid metal soap lubricants, alkane and oxidized alkane lubricants, and micro / nanoparticle lubricants.

58. A method for preparing a roughened polypropylene film for a thin-film capacitor according to any one of claims 1-57, comprising the following steps: The modified polypropylene grafted with the alkenyl functional monomer, antioxidant, and processing aid are mixed and granulated, then formed into a cast film, and then biaxially stretched and roughened to obtain the roughened polypropylene film.

59. The preparation method according to claim 58, wherein, The preparation method includes the following steps: (1) Mix the modified polypropylene grafted with the alkenyl functional monomer, antioxidant, and processing aid and granulate them. (2) The obtained granules are melt-extruded and cast into sheets to obtain modified polypropylene cast sheets; (3) The modified polypropylene casting is stretched along the MD direction and then stretched along the TD direction, kept relaxed and heat-set, and finally cured at a temperature of 20~50℃ to form a fine surface roughening.

60. The preparation method according to claim 59, wherein, The steps in step (2) of casting include: the obtained granules are melted and extruded through the T-die of the extruder, and then heat-treated in one or more metal cylinder groups, and then cooled and solidified by the quenching roller; wherein, the casting temperature is 190℃~240℃; the heat treatment temperature is 80℃~140℃; the thickness of the polypropylene casting is 0.1mm~1mm, and the β crystal content is 5%~40%; the heat setting temperature in step (3) is 160℃~180℃.

61. The preparation method according to claim 60, wherein, The heat treatment temperature is 90℃~110℃.

62. The preparation method according to claim 60, wherein, The thickness of the polypropylene cast sheets obtained is 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm, and the β crystal content is 10% to 30%.

63. A metallized polypropylene film for a film capacitor, wherein the metallized polypropylene film for a film capacitor is a roughened polypropylene film for a film capacitor as described in any one of claims 1-57, having metallization on one or both sides.

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