Imaging radar level gauge with adaptive beam steering capability operating under harsh conditions

Abstract

In one embodiment, a radar level gauge system can include an antenna system including an imaging phased array in an isolated antenna arrangement that supports monopulse processing for radar image resolution and mapping of a material surface. The imaging phased array can provide a narrow beam with beam scanning / steering and can emit a transmit beam that scans the surface of the material and forms a map of the surface. The map can include a 3D volume model that can include an image of a surface profile of the surface based on signals returned from the surface. The imaging phased array and antenna system are protected from condensation and contamination from chemicals and viscous materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The implementation plan as a whole involves radar systems, including radar level gauge (RLG) systems. More specifically, the implementation plan involves advanced imaging radar level gauge systems and applications. The implementation plan also involves the use of imaging radar level gauges with electronically controlled beam scanning and adaptive beam steering capabilities, operating under harsh conditions including industrial, maritime, and air transport scenarios. The implementation plan further involves enhancing navigation safety in maritime and air transport using advanced imaging radar level gauge systems. Specifically, the implementation plan involves cargo movement safety monitoring systems. Background Technology

[0002] Processing facilities and other facilities typically include tanks and vessels for storing liquids and / or solid materials. Generally, regardless of the surface profile of the tanks and / or vessels, it is necessary or required to measure the amount of material stored within them. For example, such volumetric content measurement or determination can be useful during the loading or unloading of material into or from a tank. Today, the “closed-loop transport” and “quantitation” of oils and high-value liquids often require highly accurate determination of volume or volume changes based on very precise measurements using level gauges mounted on top of the tank. While radar signals can be affected by tank wall reflections and / or obstructions, rough surface profiles, or fluctuations within the tank, continuous monitoring of material volumetric content is crucial for efficient operation, closed-loop transport, inventory management, or process control applications.

[0003] Radar has been used as a non-contact product level gauge for decades. A typical radar system may include: a transmitter coupled to a radar antenna positioned above a product (e.g., a liquid or solid) for transmitting electromagnetic wave signals toward the product; a receiver coupled to the same antenna (or another antenna) for receiving radar signals reflected from the product surface; and a signal processor for determining the product level based on the transmitted and reflected radar signals. According to this method, an antenna driven by a transmitting circuit system transmits modulated radar waves that strike an object or surface, such as a liquid surface. The object or surface reflects a portion of the transmitted radar signal / wave in the direction of the antenna, which receives and is coupled to a receiving circuit system that processes the reflected radar signal / wave.

[0004] Radar level gauge (RLG) systems are widely used to determine the liquid level of products contained in tanks or located in open areas. Level metering devices, including radar, servo mechanisms, capacitive, magnetically activated, ultrasonic, float, and belt systems, measure point-to-point distances to determine the liquid level, and then calculate the volume of the contents under the assumption that the entire surface is flat. This assumption is not necessarily true in reality, especially for liquids with high viscosity and all solids.

[0005] The emitted electromagnetic signal is reflected at the surface of the product, and the reflected signal is received by a receiver or transceiver included in the radar level gauge. Based on the emitted and reflected signals, the distance to the product surface can be determined. More specifically, the distance to the product surface can be determined based on the time it takes for the emitted electromagnetic signal to be reflected at the interface between the atmosphere inside the can and the product contained therein. To determine the actual canned level of the product, the distance from the antenna aperture to the reflection point on the material surface is determined by measuring the travel time of the electromagnetic wave in the propagation medium, or a parameter equivalent to the travel time and velocity.

[0006] Storage tanks are commonly used in oil depot facilities and other storage facilities to store oil or other materials. As another example, tankers or other transport vessels typically include numerous tanks for storing oil or other liquids and / or solids. It is often necessary or desirable to measure the amount of material stored in the tanks and / or vessels. This can be useful, for example, during the loading or unloading of material into or from a tank. As a specific example, the “closed-loop transport” and “measurement” of oil typically require highly accurate measurements from level gauges mounted on top of the tank.

[0007] Using radar to measure material quantity has become increasingly popular due to the absence of moving parts in non-contact radar sensing, reduced maintenance, and the ability to measure over longer distances. This approach offers greater flexibility in various tank content measurement scenarios. However, in practice, all level gauges (including radar level gauges) can only measure point-to-point levels under the assumption of a completely flat surface. Furthermore, non-contact radar is susceptible to interference from obstructions within the tank, such as agitators, mixers, ladders, and even the tank walls. Consequently, their antennas often encounter problems limiting the radar beam's proximity to interfering signals. This significantly reduces installation flexibility. For example, the antenna might need to be placed as far away from the tank wall as possible. However, in some cases, the nozzles and openings of the tank are often located near the tank wall, rather than at the center, complicating antenna placement relative to the tank wall.

[0008] The fundamental problem with conventional radar level gauges is the insufficient narrowness of the antenna beamwidth, determined by the antenna aperture size at a given operating frequency. However, this size cannot be arbitrarily large, as the device may need to be fitted into a nozzle at the top of a tank. Typical nozzle sizes range from 1” to 8”, and consumers prefer smaller antenna sizes, which in turn result in wider beamwidths. While increasing the operating frequency or using a higher-frequency radar can reduce the beamwidth to some extent while keeping the antenna size constant, studies show that the beamwidth (e.g., a few degrees at 80 GHz) is still insufficient (e.g., a 2-degree full radar beam illumination is easily interfered with by an obstacle with a radius of 120 cm at 70 meters). To overcome the conflict between small antenna size and narrow beamwidth, the inventors have designed a phased array imaging level radar as discussed with respect to the disclosed embodiments.

[0009] Phased array radars possess the ability to generate very narrow beams and electronically steer them. The proposed solution uses multiple extremely narrow beams to scan and locate rough surfaces to create real-time 3D images of the surface, allowing for direct measurement of volumetric data without moving the antenna. The radar is also capable of electronically changing the beam steering direction with high precision over a wide field of view (FOV).

[0010] The ability to beamsteer in very small increments allows for precise obstacle mapping and accurate measurement of the contents surrounding obstacles. In addition to beamsteer, phased array radar systems can be configured for monopulse processing. By processing monopulse information, the antenna beam can be artificially sharpened (e.g., a 1:10 beamwidth reduction can be achieved). For example, a 10-degree beam can be reduced to approximately 1 degree through monopulse processing.

[0011] Another challenging issue in level sensing involves accurately determining the volumetric content in tanks and vessels. This is generally difficult for all level measurement devices because they are based on point-to-point determination, especially when the surface of the contents is uneven, which may be true for liquids with high viscosity and solids with a pyramidal shape. Phased array imaging radar makes it possible to use many measurement points on the surface for volume determination to create a real-time image of the (rough) surface, thereby enhancing measurement accuracy and reducing volume errors that could affect, for example, financial transactions in trade (especially for high-value materials). Currently, there are no such devices or methods available for measuring multiple points or imaging the surface of the contents because the antenna is fixed and friction is prohibited during mechanical movement to ensure safety in hazardous and explosive environments, and the small aperture of the antenna beamwidth is not narrow enough to accommodate a small footprint.

[0012] Problems currently encountered by suppliers and consumers regarding conventional radar measuring instruments include the need to install existing radars with fixed beams as far away as possible from the tank / ship walls. This type of installation arrangement is difficult. Furthermore, the influence of the tank walls has a significant impact on the accuracy of conventional radars.

[0013] Alternative solutions may include using stabilization wells / pipe radar to avoid reflections from the tank wall, but this requires costly installation of pipes through the vessel. Additionally, highly viscous liquids and solids may be unable to enter the stabilization pipe through the small holes and slots, thus preventing the contents from rising or falling in time to the viscous liquid or solid level within the stabilization pipe.

[0014] Another application in tank management involves monitoring the distribution and accumulation of sludge / sediment over time. Sludge and sediment can occupy valuable space for storing useful materials, and manual or visual inspections of sediment / sludge in tanks can often lead to prolonged downtime. Furthermore, traditional level gauge methods currently cannot provide extremely narrow beams and beam steering in level gauges to avoid obstructions, thus they cannot replace cumbersome manual tilting and point / contact measurements.

[0015] In maritime transport involving vessels such as tankers, large crude carriers (VLCCs) and very large crude carriers (ULCCs) or container ships, and even in air transport, it is always desirable to ensure the stability and safety of vessels carrying liquids under harsh weather conditions. Examples include crude oil, petrochemical products in cargo holds, and liquids in ballast tanks.

[0016] In practice, traditional radar level gauges may only measure point-to-point levels, and their antenna beamwidths are not narrow enough to handle obstructions within the tank. Since antennas cannot be arbitrarily large, they must be fitted into nozzles at the top of the tank, especially in the case of ballast tanks, which typically have small nozzles less than 2 inches in diameter. Furthermore, level sensing can actually determine the volumetric content within tanks and vessels, which is difficult to do with current level measurement equipment, particularly when the surface of the contents is uneven, potentially for both highly viscous liquids and solids. Liquids within marine tanks may be exposed to violent motion, potentially causing safety issues under adverse conditions, and level measurements based on single-point measurements are prone to error.

[0017] As mentioned above, no device, system, or method has yet been developed or implemented that can utilize a fixed radar antenna installation to measure multiple points or image the surface of contents. In addition to the challenges typically encountered in liquid level sensing applications, another challenge in marine applications is the safety of fleets and their cargo under harsh weather conditions—specifically, how to correlate the impact of weather on the cargo inside the tank. Traditional tank measurement methods have not yet addressed this issue. It is conceivable that, for example, during a storm, the cargo on board could be damaged. The vessel itself could be severely affected. A recent example is a large container ship that ran aground in the Suez Canal during a sandstorm. Summary of the Invention

[0018] The following summary is provided to facilitate understanding of some features of the embodiments disclosed herein and is not intended to be an complete description. A full understanding of the various aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein can be obtained by considering the specification, claims, drawings, and abstract as a whole.

[0019] Therefore, one aspect of the implementation plan is to provide improved radar sensing systems, devices, and methods.

[0020] Another aspect of the implementation plan is to provide methods, systems, and equipment for realizing advanced imaging radar level gauge systems and applications.

[0021] Another aspect of the implementation plan is to provide methods, systems, and devices involving the use of imaging radar level gauges with adaptive beam steering capabilities that operate under harsh conditions.

[0022] Another aspect of the implementation plan is to provide an integrated cargo movement safety monitoring system.

[0023] The above aspects and other objectives can now be achieved as described herein. In one embodiment, the radar level gauge system may include an antenna system comprising an imaging phased array in an isolated antenna arrangement, the imaging phased array supporting single-pulse processing for radar image resolution and mapping of the material surface. The imaging phased array can provide a narrow beam with beam scanning / steering and can emit at least one transmit beam that can scan the surface of the material and form a mapping of the surface, the mapping including a 3D volume model, which may include an image of the surface profile based on signals returned from the surface. The imaging phased array and antenna system are protected from condensation and contamination from chemicals and viscous materials.

[0024] In implementations of radar level gauge systems, the 3D volume model may include data indicating the height, slope, and horizontal dimensions relative to the material and its surface.

[0025] In one implementation of the radar level gauge system, the material may be contained, for example, in a tank or located in an open area.

[0026] In one implementation of a radar level gauge system, the isolated antenna arrangement can be intrinsically safe and electrically isolated.

[0027] In one embodiment of the radar level gauge system, the antenna system may further include multiple receiving antenna elements and multiple transmitting antenna elements.

[0028] One implementation of the radar level gauge system may further include a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit, which facilitates electrically isolated measurements of isolated antenna arrays by a PLL broadband radar.

[0029] One embodiment of the radar level gauge system may further include a processing circuit system that outputs a signal as input to a PLL circuit, wherein the PLL circuit provides a signal to a voltage-controlled oscillator circuit; a plurality of low-noise amplifiers electrically connected to a plurality of receiving antenna elements and a plurality of mixers electrically connected to the plurality of low-noise amplifiers; a plurality of phase shifters electrically connected to the plurality of mixers, wherein the plurality of mixers output signals as input to the plurality of phase shifters; and a plurality of amplifiers electrically connected to the plurality of phase shifters, wherein the plurality of amplifiers provide signals to a multi-channel analog-to-digital converter, which in turn outputs a signal that is input to the processing circuit system.

[0030] In one implementation of the radar level gauge system, azimuth and elevation monopulse signals can be used to determine the location of an obstacle reflector that interferes with target signals emitted by the imaging phased array of the antenna system.

[0031] One implementation of the radar level gauge system may further include a power management module that provides power management signals to the radar level gauge system.

[0032] One implementation of the radar level gauge system may further include a communication module that communicates bidirectionally with the radar level gauge system and facilitates communication with data networks.

[0033] In another embodiment, a method of operating a radar level gauge system may include: providing an antenna system comprising an imaging phased array in an isolated antenna arrangement, the imaging phased array supporting single-pulse processing for radar image resolution and mapping of a material surface; generating a narrow beam with beam scanning / steering from the imaging phased array; and transmitting at least one transmit beam that scans the surface of the material and forms a mapping of the surface, the mapping including a 3D volume model comprising an image of the surface profile based on signals returned from the surface.

[0034] In one embodiment of the method, the imaging phased array and antenna system are protected from condensation and contamination from chemicals and sticky materials.

[0035] One implementation of the method may include providing data from a 3D volume model indicating the height, slope, and horizontal dimensions relative to the material and the material surface.

[0036] In one embodiment of the method, the material may be contained in at least one of the following: a tank or an open field; the isolation antenna arrangement is intrinsically safe and electrically isolated.

[0037] In one embodiment of the method, the antenna system may include multiple receiving antenna elements and multiple transmitting antenna elements.

[0038] In another embodiment, the integrated cargo movement safety monitoring system may include a real-time radar level gauge system comprising multiple imaging phased array radars mounted on at least one cargo hold in a vessel. These imaging phased array radars support single-pulse processing for radar image resolution and mapping of the surface of material contained in the at least one cargo hold. The imaging phased array provides a narrow beam with beam scanning / steering and emits at least one transmit beam that scans the surface of the material and forms a surface image including surface undulations based on signals returned from the surface.

[0039] In one embodiment of the integrated cargo movement safety monitoring system, weather data can be obtained from marine weather stations and / or aviation weather stations and used for real-time cargo monitoring to provide data indicating the condition of at least one onboard cargo hold in a vessel.

[0040] One implementation of the integrated cargo movement safety monitoring system may further include data integration links and cross-correlation between real-time level monitoring data and weather / tidal data, wherein the data integration links are used to assess the severity of the impact of adverse conditions on at least one onboard cargo hold in a vessel.

[0041] One implementation of the integrated cargo movement safety monitoring system may further include a communication module for broadcasting prominent influencing factors about at least one onboard cargo hold in the vessel, so that others can use these prominent influencing factors to optimize the current navigation route and / or change the current navigation route to a safer navigation route.

[0042] One implementation of the integrated cargo movement safety monitoring system may further include a shipboard human-machine interface located on the vessel and communicating with a cloud-based server. Attached Figure Description

[0043] The accompanying drawings also illustrate this embodiment and, together with the detailed description, serve to explain the principles of the embodiment, wherein similar reference numerals throughout the separate views refer to the same or functionally similar elements and are incorporated in and form part of the specification.

[0044] Figure 1A A schematic diagram of an imaging radar level gauge system for measuring points on the surface of a material contained in a tank, according to one embodiment, is shown.

[0045] Figure 1B An embodiment according to another embodiment is shown. Figure 1A The diagram shows an imaging radar level gauge system that can perform accurate measurements in environments with multiple obstacles.

[0046] Figure 1C The optimal installation position according to one embodiment is shown. Figure 1A and Figure 1B The diagram shows an imaging radar level gauge system.

[0047] Figure 2A An embodiment is shown. Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1C The block diagram shown is of an imaging radar level gauge system.

[0048] Figure 2B A single-pulse processing method according to one embodiment is shown. Figure 2A The beam pattern of the antenna shown;

[0049] Figure 3 A flowchart of operation according to one embodiment is shown, illustrating the logical operational steps of a method for measuring liquid level gauges with adaptive beam steering capability for operation under harsh conditions.

[0050] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a data processing system according to one embodiment is shown;

[0051] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a software system including modules, an operating system, and a user interface according to one embodiment is shown;

[0052] Figure 6 A block diagram of an integrated cargo movement safety monitoring system, which can be implemented according to one embodiment, is shown; and

[0053] Figure 7 An embodiment according to another embodiment is shown. Figure 6 The diagram shown is a block diagram of an integrated cargo movement safety monitoring system.

[0054] Similar reference numerals or iconographic symbols in the accompanying drawings indicate similar elements. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The specific values ​​and configurations discussed in these non-restrictive examples are variable and are cited only to illustrate one or more implementations, and are not intended to limit their scope.

[0056] The subject matter will now be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form part of the subject matter and illustrate specific exemplary embodiments by way of illustration. However, the subject matter can be embodied in many different forms, and therefore the subject matter covered or claimed is intended to be construed as not being limited to any of the exemplary embodiments listed herein; exemplary embodiments are provided merely for illustrative purposes. Likewise, the subject matter intended to be claimed or covered has a suitably broad scope. Among other things, the subject matter can be embodied as a method, apparatus, component, or system. Therefore, embodiments can take the form, for example, hardware, software, firmware, or combinations thereof. Thus, the following detailed description is not intended to be construed as limiting.

[0057] Throughout the specification and claims, terms may have nuanced meanings as the context dictates or implies, in addition to their expressly stated meanings. Similarly, phrases such as “in an embodiment” or “in one embodiment” or “in an exemplary embodiment” and their variations, as used herein, may or may not refer to the same embodiment, and phrases such as “in another embodiment” or “in another exemplary embodiment” and their variations, as used herein, may or may not refer to different embodiments. For example, the claimed subject matter is intended to include, in whole or in part, combinations of exemplary embodiments.

[0058] Generally, terms can be understood at least in part from their usage in the context. For example, terms such as “and,” “or,” or “and / or” as used herein can have a variety of meanings that can depend at least in part on the context in which such terms are used. Generally, “or,” when used in an associative list, such as A, B, or C, is intended to indicate A, B, and C used herein in an inclusive sense, and A, B, or C used herein in an exclusive sense. Furthermore, the term “one or more,” as used herein, depends at least in part on the context and can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense, or to describe a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in a plural sense. Similarly, terms such as “a,” “an,” or “the” also depend at least in part on the context and can be understood to convey a singular usage or to express a plural usage. Moreover, the term “based on” can be understood not necessarily to convey a set of exclusive factors, but can depend at least in part on the context, allowing for additional factors that are not necessarily explicitly described again.

[0059] Figure 1A A schematic diagram of an imaging radar level gauge system 100, according to one embodiment, for measuring points on the surface 105 of material 111 contained in a tank 102, is shown. Figure 1A As shown, the imaging radar level gauge system 100 may include a radar level gauge device 104. It should be noted that the terms "radar level gauge device" and "radar level gauge" are used interchangeably herein to refer to the same device, apparatus, or system.

[0060] In the radar level gauge device 104, a phased array radar can increase the number of measurement points on the surface 105 of the material 111 contained in the tank 102. The material 111 can be, for example, a liquid (e.g., asphalt, crude oil, etc.) and / or a solid (e.g., cement, powder, sediment, sludge, etc.). In one embodiment, the tank 102 can be, for example, a transport tank, such as those used in marine vessels like oil tankers. In another embodiment, the tank 102 can be, for example, a storage tank used in hydrocarbon storage and / or processing facilities.

[0061] Figure 1B An embodiment according to another embodiment is shown. Figure 1A The schematic diagram shown illustrates an imaging radar level gauge system 100 capable of performing accurate measurements in environments with multiple obstacles. Examples of such obstacles in tank 102 may include an agitator 108 and a ladder 106. Despite these obstacles, the radar level gauge device 104 can still perform accurate measurements relative to the surface 105 of the material 111.

[0062] Figure 1C A convenient installation position is shown according to one embodiment. Figure 1A and Figure 1B The diagram shows an imaging radar level gauge system 100. Specifically, the radar level gauge device 104 can offer better / more freedom in its installation location, suitable for available nozzles typically located near the top of the tank, close to the tank shell. Figure 1C In the example shown, the radar level gauge device 104 is depicted as positioned on or near the top right side of tank 102. It will be understood that the radar level gauge device 104 may also be located in other convenient locations within tank 102, such as on the top left side of tank 102 or in the middle of the top portion of tank 102, as... Figure 1A and Figure 1B As shown.

[0063] Figure 2A An embodiment is shown. Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1CThe diagram shows a block diagram of an imaging radar level gauge system 100. As described above, the imaging radar level gauge system 100 may include a radar level gauge device 104, which may be positioned at or towards the top of the tank 102. The radar level gauge device 104 may include an antenna system 141, which may include one or more receiving antenna elements 134, 136, 138, 140 and a plurality of transmitting antenna elements, including transmitting antenna elements 142, 143, 149, etc.

[0064] It should be noted that in some implementations, at least four receivers and four antenna quadrants may be required to perform single-pulse operation for imaging radar applications. The imaging radar level gauge system 100 may include at least four receiving channels to facilitate single-pulse processing capabilities. Accordingly, the receiving antenna aperture may comprise at least four antenna groups, configured, for example, in at least a 2x2 configuration to form azimuth and elevation quadrants. Incremental azimuth channels, incremental elevation channels, and other channels can be used to determine the proximity of a point target to the quadrant beam. This single-pulse calculation can result in a 10:1 beamwidth reduction. This may be the minimum requirement for deploying imaging radar in an implementation.

[0065] Receiving antenna elements 134, 136, 138, and 140 can be electrically connected to low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) 153, 155, 157, and 159, respectively. LNAs 153, 155, 157, and 159 can then output signals that can be fed as inputs to mixers 124, 126, 130, and 132, respectively. Mixers 124, 126, 130, and 132 can then output signals that can be fed as inputs to phase shifters 161, 163, 165, and 167, respectively. The output signals from phase shifters 161, 163, 165, and 167 can be fed as inputs to amplifiers 116, 118, 120, and 122. Amplifiers 116 and 118 can provide output signals that can be electronically fed as inputs to a multi-channel analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 112. Similarly, amplifiers 120 and 122 can provide output signals that can be electronically fed as inputs to a multi-channel analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 114.

[0066] Transmitting antenna elements 142, 143, and 149 can be electrically connected to power amplifiers 181, 183, and 185. Power amplifiers 181, 183, and 185 can then be electrically connected to phase shifters 187, 189, and 191, respectively. The output from amplifier 193 can be fed to phase shifters 187, 189, and 191, and the output from coupler 146 can then be fed to this amplifier.

[0067] The radar level gauge device 104 may further include a processing circuit 110, which can communicate electronically with ADCs 112 and ADCs 114. The processing circuit can be implemented by, for example, a processor, microcontroller, or microprocessor. The output from the processing circuit 110 can be electronically fed as an input to a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit 150. That is, the processing circuit can communicate electronically with the PLL circuit 150.

[0068] The radar level gauge device 104 may also include a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) circuit 148, which is capable of electronically receiving an electronic signal output from the PLL circuit 150 as input. The output from the VCO circuit 148 can be electronically provided to the coupler 146 and returned to the PLL circuit 150. The processing circuit 110 may be, for example, one or more processing devices, such as a processor, microprocessor, central processing unit, controller, microcontroller, etc. A portion of the signal output from the amplifier 144 coupled from the coupler 146 can be connected to the local oscillator input of mixers 132, 130, 126, 124, etc., using, for example, RF dividers / splitters 194, 195, and 196.

[0069] It should be noted that the terms "circuit" and "circuit system" used herein can refer to the same feature. The term "circuit" as used herein includes electronic circuits, electrical circuits, etc. The PLL circuit 150 and VCO circuit 148 together can form a circuit that provides an output as a clock signal to the ADS 114 and processing circuit 110. That is, as... Figure 2A As shown, the dashed lines surround the PLL circuit 150 and the VCO circuit 148, indicating that the PLL circuit 150 and the VCO circuit 148 can be implemented as a circuit, in which case the PLL circuit 150 and the VCO circuit 148 may include sub-circuits of the entire circuit indicated by the aforementioned dashed lines.

[0070] The imaging radar level gauge system 100 may further include a power management module 152, which can provide power management signals to the radar level gauge device 104. For example... Figure 2AAs shown, the communication module 154 can also communicate bidirectionally with the radar level gauge device 104. The communication module 154 can be, for example, a wired (e.g., 4-20mA, Modbus, FF, etc.) and wireless (e.g., Wi-Fi, cellular, etc.) communication module that provides bidirectional communication with wireless networks (e.g., Wi-Fi networks, cellular communication networks, etc.). The communication module 154 can communicate bidirectionally with the radar level gauge device 104 of the imaging radar level gauge system 100, and is also advantageous for communication with data networks (e.g., wireless networks such as those described above).

[0071] In some embodiments, the radar level gauge device 104 of the imaging radar level gauge system 100 can be implemented as a device and / or system that may include software-defined radar technology. For example, in some cases, the PLL circuit 150 can facilitate electrically isolated measurements in hazardous areas by a robustly PLL-controlled broadband radar (e.g., 1-4 GHz BW). The antenna system 141 and components of the imaging radar level gauge system 100 can therefore be implemented in an intrinsically safe and electrically isolated antenna arrangement that is resistant to contamination and condensation from nearby materials. It should be noted that the term "intrinsically safe," as used herein, and its various forms, refer to intrinsically safe equipment and intrinsically safe standards for equipment and wiring that, under normal or abnormal conditions, cannot release sufficient electrical or thermal energy to cause a particular hazardous atmospheric mixture to ignite at its most readily ignitable concentration.

[0072] The radar level gauge device 104 may include advanced radar signal processing, which, through processing circuitry 110, can provide (sub)millimeter accuracy across the entire measurement range. The radar level gauge device 104 offers a differentiated solution combining advanced signal processing technology and low-cost design with phased array radar, providing optimal differentiation for civilian and industrial applications. With the development of additional measurement capabilities / algorithms, the radar level gauge device 104 can also provide ultra-narrow beams and ultra-wideband with beam scanning / steering to provide imaging and level mapping for uneven surfaces and digital models (e.g., software upgrades as a service).

[0073] The radar level gauge device 104 can be implemented as a low-cost phased array radar that addresses the problems discussed earlier in this document. Traditional phased array radars are expensive and bulky in industrial applications. However, miniaturized phased array radars not only offer narrow beamwidth and beam steering capabilities but also operate effectively under harsh and hazardous conditions, such as those specified by ATEX for safety regulations and electrical isolation requirements for containers containing flammable materials. The antenna surface must also be protected to provide antistatic, anti-contamination, and anti-corrosive chemical functions while maintaining high performance and low return loss. It should be noted that the term ATEX relates to European Union (EU) directives that describe the minimum safety requirements for workplaces and equipment used in explosive atmospheres. “ATEX” is an acronym for the French term Appareils destinésàêtre utilisés en ATmosphères EXplosives (“Apparatus for Explosive Atmospheres”). ATEX is used herein for illustrative purposes only and as an example of an intrinsically safe standard and is not considered a limiting feature of the implementation.

[0074] Radar level gauge device 104 can utilize a low-cost, low-power imaging phased array radar sensor with adaptive beam steering capability to measure the surface of material 111 (liquid or solid) in tank 102, which includes obstacles and structures, such as Figure 1B The stirrer 108 and ladder 106 are shown in the diagram. This is achieved by combining analog and digital beamforming technologies and / or highly integrated custom on-chip radio frequency systems (SoCs), such as... Figure 2A As shown in the block diagram, high-precision beam steering over a wide field of view (FOV) can be achieved.

[0075] Figure 2A The various components of the radar level gauge device 104 shown can form a novel imaging phased array, which can support single-pulse processing to improve radar image resolution and make surface mapping more accurate. Figure 2A It also shows Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1B The different views of tank 102 shown include dashed arrows 107 and 108, which may represent measurements of the material 111 contained in tank 102 performed by system 100.

[0076] Figure 2B A single-pulse processing method according to one embodiment is shown. Figure 2A The beam pattern of the antenna system 141 shown is illustrated. Figure 2B As shown in the beam pattern, antenna system 141 can implement difference signal 147 and sum signal 145.

[0077] The phased array of the radar level gauge device 104 can emit one or more transmit beams and perform electronic scanning. Multiple receive beams can be formed simultaneously. The radar beams emitted by the radar level gauge device 104 can scan the surface of the tank 102 and form an image of the surface based on the returned signals. The electronically scanned radar of the radar level gauge device 104 can support a fast scan rate and can also help obtain faster radar images for dynamic rapid filling applications. Azimuth monopulse signals and elevation monopulse signals (i.e., difference signal 147 and sum signal 145) can be used to determine the precise location of discrete reflectors (such as agitators, mixers, ladders, and even tank walls and obstacles that interfere with the target signal).

[0078] Based on the analysis of unwanted reflections, the optimal beam position can be determined to minimize reflections and obtain more accurate level and profile measurements of the material surface. If the beam cannot avoid obstacles due to installation / measurement constraints, the precise distance and angle of each obstacle are measured and distinguished from the target echo. In this case, radar can be used to measure the motion of known obstacles, such as... Figure 1B The stirrer 108 is shown. This provides another measurement of speed and / or verification of the expected motion of the stirrer 108. In advanced signal processing, this information, as the (empty) can spectrum, is particularly useful to enhance the overall accuracy robustness to interference caused by obstacles.

[0079] The radar level gauge device 104 can be implemented as a low-cost device / system. Furthermore, the radar level gauge device 104 can be used in harsh environments such as shipping and air transport, and can operate with low power in hazardous areas requiring stringent safety regulations (such as ATEX and FM certification approvals). The radar level gauge device 104 can also be implemented in devices / systems that comply with the frequency regulations of major markets. The radar level gauge device 104 can also comply with EMC, IP 65-68, and International Organization for Metrology (OIML) certifications, as well as SIL2 and SIL3 certifications.

[0080] Figure 3 An exemplary flowchart of operation according to one embodiment is shown, illustrating the logical operational steps of a method 160 for measuring an imaging radar level gauge with adaptive beam steering capability under harsh conditions. As shown in box 162, steps or operations (instructions) can be processed to achieve highly controlled frequency scanning for use with the radar level gauge device 104.

[0081] Then, as shown in box 164, steps or operations can be performed to transmit radar signals from the radar level gauge device 104 to the material surface 105 at each frequency using phase-shift antenna elements (i.e., elements of antenna system 141), the signals radiating in a direction that can be determined by the composite beamforming of the signals from multiple antenna elements having defined phase-shift intervals. Next, as shown in box 166, steps or operations can be performed to transmit radar signals to the material surface 105.

[0082] Subsequently, as shown in box 168, steps or operations may be performed to guide the transmitted radar signal across the material surface 105. Then, as shown in box 170, steps or operations may be performed to process (e.g., using processing circuitry 110) the returned signals received from multiple points on the material surface 105. Next, as described in box 172, steps or operations may be performed to measure the precise liquid level at multiple points on the material surface 105 and to form a real-time image of the surface 105 to create a digital elevation model to represent the actual volume.

[0083] Then, as shown in box 174, steps or operations can be performed whereby, during the processing of the return signal, the return signal is identified from any obstacle or structure other than the material surface 105. Subsequently, as shown in box 176, steps or operations can be performed to measure the precise location of the obstacle or structure using a combination of distance processing and single-pulse processing. Next, as shown in box 178, steps or operations can be performed to optimize the emission at the scan angle based on the location of the obstacle and structure. Finally, as shown in box 180, steps or operations can be performed to accurately calculate the volume using multiple measurement points.

[0084] The implementation scheme can be realized in multiple applications. Air and sea transport systems represent potential applications of the scheme. As discussed, an advanced imaging radar gauge with narrow beam scanning can be used to measure numerous measurement points on a liquid surface to create a real-time image of the (rough) surface. The antenna can be mechanically fixed, and the beam steering can be electronically controlled using a phased array. In this way, the radar can continuously monitor the undulating surface to provide data to the control room for assessing real-time conditions.

[0085] The implementation scheme can provide not only the liquid level of the contents, but also changes in the surface to create dynamic mapping of the turbulent movement of liquids within ballast tanks and / or cargo tanks, which can be used in conjunction with weather and tidal data obtained elsewhere to determine the optimal route.

[0086] Phased array radar can scan the volume of a liquid and map not only the liquid level but also its profile. This profile maps surface disturbances and the overall slope of the liquid. The radar continuously scans the surface and rapidly updates the liquid profile. The update rate can depend on the size of the tank and / or the number of radar units used. When viewed from the top of the tank, a single radar can scan an area of ​​110 degrees by 30 degrees. Multiple radars can increase the update rate and coverage area. For example, Honeywell's RDR-84Ks can be networked together, and up to seven radars can be used in a single tank without interference issues. The turbulence of the liquid will indicate the sea state level. It is conceivable that, over time, the turbulence of the liquid may correlate with a specific sea state level. This data collected by the radar can be sent to networks such as the Honeywell Forge Cloud. This allows for further analysis and data sharing. This analysis can indicate where sea states are more favorable and provide recommendations to other vessels.

[0087] This data enables route optimization. This optimization minimizes fuel consumption and reduces vessel wear and tear. For example, the aforementioned Honeywell Forge Cloud can also be used to provide suggestions for vessels without this capability. This can then be used for safety and / or alert purposes at the dock, or to adjust loading speeds during loading, minimizing wear and tear on vessels and dock structures.

[0088] As will be understood by those skilled in the art, implementation schemes can be carried out in the context of methods, data processing systems, or computer program products. Therefore, implementation schemes can take the form of an entire hardware implementation, an entire software implementation, or an implementation combining software and hardware aspects, which are collectively referred to herein as “circuit” or “module.” Furthermore, in some cases, implementation schemes can take the form of a computer program product on a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program code embodied in the medium. Any suitable computer-readable medium can be utilized, including hard disks, USB flash drives, DVDs, CD-ROMs, optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, server storage devices, databases, etc. Examples of modules that can be implemented as hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software include… Figure 2A The power management module 152 and communication module 154 are shown.

[0089] The computer program code used to perform the operations of this embodiment can be written, for example, in an object-oriented programming language (e.g., Java, C++, etc.). However, the computer program code used to perform the operations of this embodiment can also be written in a procedural programming language such as the "C" programming language or in a visual programming environment such as, for example, Visual Basic.

[0090] The program code may reside entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may connect to the user's computer via a two-way data communication network such as a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN), wireless local area network (WLAN), wireless data network (e.g., Wi-Fi, WiMAX, 802.xx), and / or cellular network, or may connect two-way to the external computer via most third-party supported networks (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0091] This document describes, at least in part, some implementation schemes with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, systems, computer program products, and data structures. It should be understood that each block or feature, and combinations of blocks or features, in the illustrations can be implemented by computer program instructions. For example, computer program instructions can implement… Figure 3 The various steps, operations, or instructions shown in boxes 162 to 180.

[0092] These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor, such as a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions / actions specified in one or more boxes or elsewhere herein. Examples of the aforementioned processors include... Figure 2A The processing circuit 110 shown in the figure and Figure 4 The processor 349 and / or CPU 341 shown are illustrated.

[0093] The embodiments disclosed in this invention can be implemented in the context of, for example, a dedicated computer or a general-purpose computer or other programmable data processing apparatus or system. For example, in some embodiments, the data processing apparatus or system may be implemented as a combination of a dedicated computer and a general-purpose computer. These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that instructs a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement the functions / actions specified in one or more blocks, flowcharts, and other architectures shown and described herein. Examples of the aforementioned computer-readable storage medium are... Figure 4 The memory 342 shown.

[0094] Computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be executed on the computer or other programmable apparatus, thereby producing a computer-implemented process, such that the instructions executing on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions / actions specified in one or more boxes. Such a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus can be used to control the functions of, for example, radar level gauge device 104 and / or specific components of radar level gauge device 104 such as, for example, antenna system 141.

[0095] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible specific implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of an instruction, including one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function. In some alternative embodiments, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in the order shown in the drawings. For example, two blocks shown consecutively may actually be executed simultaneously, or these blocks may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block and combination of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts may be implemented by a system based on specified-purpose hardware that performs the specified function or action or executes a combination of specified-purpose hardware and computer instructions.

[0096] Figure 4 and Figure 5 The illustration is merely an exemplary diagram of a data processing environment in which exemplary implementation schemes may be carried out. It should be understood that... Figure 4 and Figure 5 This is merely illustrative and is not intended to assert or imply any limitation on the aspects or environment in which the embodiments of the disclosed invention may be implemented. Many modifications may be made to the depicted environment without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosed embodiments.

[0097] like Figure 4 As shown, the implementation can be carried out in the context of a data processing system 400, which may include, for example, one or more processors such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 341 and / or another processor 349 (e.g., a microprocessor, microcontroller, etc.), a memory 342, an input / output controller 343, a peripheral USB (Universal Serial Bus) connector 347, a keyboard 344 and / or another input device 345 (e.g., a pointing device, such as a mouse, trackball, pen device, etc.), a display 346 (e.g., a monitor, touch screen display, etc.) and / or other peripheral connectors and components.

[0098] As shown in the figure, various components of the data processing system 400 can communicate electronically via a system bus 350 or a similar architecture. The system bus 350 can be, for example, a subsystem that transmits data between, or to, other data processing devices, components, computers, etc., within, the data processing system 400. In some embodiments, the data processing system 400 can be implemented as a server, for example, in a client-server based network (e.g., the Internet), or in a client-server context (i.e., where aspects are practiced on both the client and server).

[0099] In some exemplary embodiments, the data processing system 400 may be, for example, a standalone desktop computer, laptop computer, smartphone, tablet computing device, networked computer server, etc., wherein each such device is operatively connected to and communicates with a client-server based network or other types of networks (e.g., cellular networks, Wi-Fi, etc.). The data processing system 400 may communicate with other devices, such as electronic device 410. Communication between the data processing system 400 and electronic device 410 may be bidirectional, as indicated by the double arrow 402. Such bidirectional communication may be facilitated, for example, by a computer network including a wireless bidirectional data communication network.

[0100] Figure 5 Showing the boot Figure 4 The data processing system 400 shown is operated by a computer software system 450. A software application 454 stored in, for example, memory 342 may include one or more modules, such as module 452. The computer software system 450 may also include a kernel or operating system 451 and a shell or interface 453. One or more applications, such as software application 454, may be "loaded" (i.e., transferred from, for example, mass storage or another memory location to memory 342) for execution by the data processing system 400. The data processing system 400 may receive user commands and data through interface 453; these inputs may then be executed by the data processing system 400 according to instructions from operating system 451 and / or software application 454.

[0101] In some implementations, interface 453 can be used to display results, at which point the user (in...) Figure 4 The right side (represented by a person image) can provide additional input or terminate the session. Interface 453 can be a user interface such as a graphical user interface (GUI). Software application 454 may include module 452, which may, for example, implement instructions, steps, or operations, such as those discussed herein. Examples of such instructions, steps, or operations include Figure 3The various instructions, steps, and / or operations shown in boxes 162, 164, 166, 168, 170, 172, 174, 176, 178, and / or 180. Other examples of such instructions, steps, or operations include those related to... Figure 6 and Figure 7 The discussion is related to the implementation scheme shown. In some implementations, module 452 may include a set of modules and / or sub-modules, and may not be limited to a single module, but may be implemented as or include a group of modules that can communicate with each other and provide operations that can achieve specific functionality or various functions.

[0102] The following discussion aims to provide a brief general description of a suitable computing environment in which the systems and methods described herein may be implemented. The embodiments disclosed in this invention can be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions (such as program modules) executed by a single computer. In most cases, a “module” can constitute a software application, but it can also be implemented as both software and hardware (i.e., a combination of software and hardware).

[0103] Typically, program modules include, but are not limited to, routines, subroutines, software applications, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that can perform specific tasks or implement specific data types and instructions. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the disclosed methods and systems can be practiced using other computer system configurations, such as, for example, handheld devices, multiprocessor systems, data networks, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, networked PCs, microcomputers, mainframe computers, servers, etc.

[0104] It should be noted that, as used herein, the term "module" can refer to a collection of routines and data structures that perform a specific task or implement a specific data type. A module can consist of two parts: an interface that lists the constants, data types, variables, and routines that can be accessed by other modules or routines; and a concrete implementation, which can be private (e.g., accessible only by that module) and may include the source code that actually implements the routines in that module. The term "module" can also refer to application programs, such as computer programs designed to help perform specific tasks, such as implementing the steps, operations, or instructions described herein.

[0105] The system 100 shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3 The method 160 shown can be implemented at least in part by a module (or a group of modules). Figure 4 The module 452 shown can implement, for example... Figure 3 The instructions, steps or operations shown in boxes 162 to 180 and / or the operation of various components such as, for example, PLL circuit 150, processing circuit 110, antenna system 141, etc.

[0106] Figure 6A block diagram of an integrated cargo movement safety monitoring system 200, which can be implemented according to one embodiment, is shown. The integrated cargo movement safety monitoring system 200 may include a real-time radar level gauge system 216, which may include a set of imaging phased array radars 205, 207, 209, 211, 213 respectively installed on or within one or more cargo holds 204, 206, 208, 210, 212 in a vessel 202 (e.g., an oil tanker). The imaging phased array radars 205, 207, 209, 211, 213 may be configured to support single-pulse processing for radar image resolution and for mapping the surface of materials contained in one or more cargo holds 204, 206, 208, 210, 212. Each of the imaging phased arrays in the composition, such as phased array radars 205, 207, 209, 211, and 213, can provide a narrow beam with beam scanning / steering and can emit at least one transmit beam that can scan the surface of the material and form a surface image including surface undulations based on the signal returned from the surface.

[0107] exist Figure 6 In the diagram, arrow 215 indicates the installation of or integration of the integrated cargo movement safety monitoring system 200 into vessel 202. Furthermore, communication module 219 (discussed further below) can communicate bidirectionally with the integrated cargo movement safety monitoring system 200 and can also be installed in vessel 202, as indicated by arrow 215. Communication module 219 is similar to (or can be implemented by) communication module 154. That is, communication module 219 can be, for example, a wired (e.g., 4-20mA, Modbus, FF, etc.) and / or wireless (e.g., Wi-Fi, cellular, etc.) communication module that provides bidirectional communication with wireless networks (e.g., Wi-Fi networks, cellular communication networks, etc.).

[0108] In the maritime implementation of the integrated cargo movement safety monitoring system 200, weather data can be obtained from marine weather stations and / or aviation weather stations and used for real-time cargo monitoring to provide data indicating the condition of one or more cargo holds 204, 206, 208, 210, 212 in vessel 202.

[0109] In some implementations of the integrated cargo movement safety monitoring system 200, data integration links and cross-correlation between real-time level monitoring data and weather / tidal data may be employed, wherein the data integration links are used to assess the severity of the impact of adverse conditions on one or more cargo holds 204, 206, 208, 210, 212 in vessel 202.

[0110] As described above, the integrated cargo movement safety monitoring system 216 may further include a communication module 218 and / or may be associated with this communication module for broadcasting prominent influencing factors regarding one or more cargo holds 204, 206, 208, 210, 212 in vessel 202, so that others can use these prominent influencing factors to optimize the current navigation route and / or change the current navigation route to a safer navigation route. In some embodiments, a shipboard human-machine interface (HMI) 220 may be located on / in vessel 202, which can communicate with a cloud-based server (discussed previously). The HMI 220 is preferably located in the control room / bridge deck in tower block 221, which typically contains areas such as cabins, control room / bridge deck, etc.

[0111] Figure 6 The vessel shown is depicted as an oil tanker capable of transporting hydrocarbons, such as liquefied natural gas, contained in the various cargo holds 204, 206, 208, 210, and 212. However, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments are not limited to... Figure 6 The specific type of vessel 202 shown is illustrated. The implementation can be carried out in other types of maritime transport vessels, such as, for example... Figure 7 The vessel shown is 302.

[0112] Figure 7 A block diagram of an integrated cargo movement safety monitoring system 200 implemented according to another embodiment is shown. That is, the above regarding... Figure 6 The integrated cargo movement safety monitoring system 200 discussed may include a real-time radar level gauge system 216 and a set of imaging phased array radars 305, 307, 309, 311, 313 respectively installed on or within one or more cargo holds 304, 306, 308, 310, 312 in a vessel 302 (e.g., an oil tanker). The imaging phased array radars 305, 307, 309, 311, 313 may be configured to support single-pulse processing for radar image resolution and mapping of the surface of materials contained in one or more cargo holds 304, 306, 308, 310, 312, as previously discussed. Each of the imaging phased arrays in the composition, such as the phased array radars 305, 307, 309, 311, 313, may provide a narrow beam with beam scanning / steering and may emit at least one transmit beam that can scan the surface of the material and form a surface image including surface undulations based on signals returned from the surface.

[0113] The above is about Figure 6 The shipboard human-machine interface (HMI) 220 discussed can be located on / in the vessel 302, and it can communicate with the (previously discussed) cloud-based server. The HMI 220 is preferably located in the control room / bridge deck within tower block 321 of the vessel 302. It should be noted that... Figure 7The vessel 302 shown is an example of an oil tanker, in which the oil is contained primarily within the vessel itself rather than as... Figure 6 As shown in the case of vessel 202, the cargo holds / tanks 304, 306, 308, 310, and 312 are located above the deck. The HMI 220 can communicate with the communication module 218, for example, to access the aforementioned cloud-based server via a wireless communication network (e.g., satellite network, cellular network, Wi-Fi network, etc.).

[0114] In some specific implementations, certain method or process blocks may be omitted. The methods and processes described herein are not limited to any particular order, and the blocks or states associated with them can be performed in other suitable orders. For example, the described blocks or states can be performed in an order different from that specifically disclosed, or multiple blocks or states can be combined in a single block or state. Exemplary blocks or states can be performed sequentially, in parallel, or in some other manner. Blocks or states can be added to or removed from the disclosed exemplary embodiments.

[0115] It should also be understood that the various items are shown to be stored in memory or on a storage device when in use, and these items, or portions thereof, may be transferred between memory and other storage devices for memory management and data integrity purposes. Alternatively, in other embodiments, some or all of the software modules and / or system may be executed in memory on another device and communicate with the illustrated computing system via inter-computer communication. Furthermore, in some embodiments, some or all of the system and / or modules may be implemented or provided in other ways, such as at least in part as firmware and / or hardware, including, but not limited to, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), standard integrated circuits, controllers (e.g., by executing appropriate instructions, and including microcontrollers and / or embedded controllers), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), etc. Some or all of the modules, system, and data structures may also be stored (e.g., as software instructions or structured data) on computer-readable media, such as hard disks, memory, networks, or portable media items, for access by an appropriate drive or via an appropriate connection. The system, modules, and data structures can also be transmitted as generated data signals (e.g., as part of a carrier or other analog or digital propagation signal) over various computer-readable transmission media, including wireless and wired / cable-based media, and can take various forms (e.g., as part of a single or multiple analog signal, or as multiple discrete digital packets or frames). In other embodiments, such computer program products can also take other forms. Therefore, the implementation can be practiced with other computer system configurations.

[0116] The conditional language used herein, such as “may,” “can,” “possibly,” “able to,” “for example,” etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise or understood otherwise in the context in which they are used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include certain features, elements, and / or steps not included in other embodiments. Therefore, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements, and / or steps are required in any way by one or more embodiments, or that one or more embodiments must include logic for determining, with or without author input or prompting, whether such features, elements, and / or steps are included in any particular embodiment or will be performed. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” etc., are synonymous and used inclusively in an open-ended manner, without excluding additional elements, features, actions, operations, etc. Additionally, the term “or” is used in its inclusive sense (rather than its exclusive sense) such that, when used, for example, to connect lists of elements, the term “or” means one, some, or all of the elements in the list.

[0117] While certain exemplary embodiments have been described, these embodiments are presented by way of example only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Therefore, nothing in the above description is intended to imply that any particular feature, characteristic, step, module, or block is necessary or essential. In fact, the novel methods and systems described herein can be embodied in a variety of other forms. Furthermore, various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made to the form of the methods and systems described herein without departing from the spirit of the invention disclosed herein. The appended claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications that fall within the scope and spirit of the invention disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A radar level gauge system, comprising: an antenna system comprising an imaging phased array in an isolated antenna arrangement, the imaging phased array supporting mono-pulse processing for radar image resolution and mapping of a surface of a material; wherein the imaging phased array provides narrow beams with beam scanning / steering and transmits at least one transmit beam that scans the surface of the material and forms the mapping of the surface, the mapping comprising a 3D volume model comprising an image of a surface profile of the surface based on signals returned from the surface, wherein the imaging phased array and the antenna system are protected from condensation and contamination from chemicals and viscous materials, wherein the antenna system is configured to: measure a position of at least one obstacle interfering with at least one transmit beam based on mono-pulse processing and range processing; optimize a scan angle of at least one transmit beam based on the position of at least one obstacle; and calculate a 3D volume model based on a plurality of measurement points associated with at least one transmit beam transmitted with an optimized scan angle.

2. The radar level gauge system of claim 1, wherein the 3D volume model comprises data indicative of height, slope, and horizontal dimensions relative to the material and the surface of the material.

3. The radar level gauge system of claim 1, wherein the material is contained in at least one of: a tank or an open field.

4. The radar level gauge system of claim 1, wherein the isolated antenna arrangement is intrinsically safe and electrically isolated.

5. The radar level gauge system of claim 1, wherein the antenna system further comprises a plurality of receive antenna elements and a plurality of transmit antenna elements.

6. The radar level gauge system of claim 1, further comprising a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit facilitating phase-locked loop (PLL) wideband level radar electrically isolated measurements of the isolated antenna arrangement.

7. The radar level gauge system of claim 1, wherein azimuth and elevation mono-pulse signals are used to determine a position of an obstacle reflector interfering with a target signal transmitted by the imaging phased array of the antenna system.

8. A method of operating a radar level gauge system, the method comprising: providing an antenna system comprising an imaging phased array in an isolated antenna arrangement, the imaging phased array supporting mono-pulse processing for radar image resolution and mapping of a surface of a material; generating, from the imaging phased array, narrow beams with beam scanning / steering; transmitting at least one transmit beam that scans the surface of the material and forms the mapping of the surface, the mapping comprising a 3D volume model comprising an image of a surface profile of the surface based on signals returned from the surface, measuring a position of at least one obstacle interfering with at least one transmit beam based on mono-pulse processing and range processing; optimizing a scan angle of the at least one transmit beam based on the location of the at least one obstacle; and computing a 3D volume model based on a plurality of measurement points associated with the at least one transmit beam transmitted with the optimized scan angle.

9. An integrated cargo movement safety monitoring system comprising: a real-time radar level gauge system comprising a plurality of imaging phased array radars mounted on at least one shipborne cargo hold in a vessel, the plurality of imaging phased array radars supporting mono-pulse processing for radar image resolution and mapping of a surface of a material contained in the at least one shipborne cargo hold, wherein the imaging phased array provides a narrow beam with beam scanning / steering and transmits at least one transmit beam that scans the surface of the material and forms an image of the surface including fluctuations of the surface based on signals returned from the surface; and an antenna system, wherein the antenna system is configured to: measure a location of at least one obstacle interfering with the at least one transmit beam based on mono-pulse processing and range processing; optimize a scan angle of the at least one transmit beam based on the location of the at least one obstacle; and compute a 3D volume model based on a plurality of measurement points associated with the at least one transmit beam transmitted with the optimized scan angle.

10. The integrated cargo movement safety monitoring system of claim 9, wherein weather data is obtained from a marine weather station and / or an aviation weather station and used for real-time cargo monitoring to provide data indicative of cargo hold conditions with respect to the at least one shipborne cargo hold in the vessel.

Images