Fuel cells and stack systems

Abstract

An embodiment of the present application provides a fuel cell and a stack system, wherein the fuel cell includes two electrode plates arranged opposite to each other and a membrane electrode assembly arranged between the two electrode plates, the electrode plates having a cooling side and a reaction side arranged in opposite directions, the reaction side of the electrode plate and the membrane electrode assembly enclose a reaction chamber, the reaction chamber includes an inlet confluence area, a reaction flow field area and an outlet confluence area arranged in sequence, the electrode plate has an outlet manifold connected to the outlet confluence area; the electrode plate has a sheet metal structure, the sheet metal structure has a first stamping structure, the first stamping structure is recessed on the cooling side to form a reserved sealing injection molding part, and is raised on the reaction side to form a structural step part, the structural step part is raised and arranged between the outlet confluence area and the outlet manifold; the electrode plate forms a drainage groove on the reaction side, the drainage groove is arranged to avoid the structural step part, and the drainage groove bypasses the structural step part to connect the outlet confluence area and the outlet manifold.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a fuel cell and a fuel cell stack system. Background Art

[0002] A fuel cell is a chemical device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel directly into electrical energy, also known as an electrochemical generator. For fuel cells with a single-cell stack structure, the anode plate and cathode plate of the same single cell enclose a reaction gas flow field, while the anode plate and cathode plate of adjacent cells enclose a coolant flow field. When the fuel cell stack is running, condensed water or water generated by the reaction will be generated in the reaction gas flow field, which needs to be discharged through the confluence area and the outlet manifold using the flow of the reaction gas. In related technologies, condensed water or product water is easily retained and accumulated in the confluence area and cannot be discharged to the outlet manifold in a timely and effective manner, thereby blocking and restricting the reaction gas flow path and affecting the normal discharge of exhaust gas. Summary of the Invention

[0003] An embodiment of the present application provides a fuel cell and stack system that can provide an effective discharge path for condensed water or product water without affecting the sealing structure and sealing effect of the coolant flow field, thereby avoiding water retention and accumulation in the confluence area and ensuring the normal discharge of exhaust gas.

[0004] On the one hand, an embodiment of the present application provides a fuel cell, comprising two electrode plates arranged opposite to each other and a membrane electrode assembly arranged between the two electrode plates, the electrode plates having a cooling side and a reaction side arranged in opposite directions, the reaction side of the electrode plate and the membrane electrode assembly enclosing a reaction chamber, the reaction chamber comprising an inlet confluence area, a reaction flow field area and an outlet confluence area arranged in sequence, the electrode plate having an outlet manifold connected to the outlet confluence area; the electrode plate has a sheet metal structure, the sheet metal structure has a first stamping structure, the first stamping structure is recessed on the cooling side to form a reserved sealing injection molding part, and is raised on the reaction side to form a structural step part, the structural step part is raised and arranged between the outlet confluence area and the outlet manifold; the electrode plate forms a drainage groove on the reaction side, the drainage groove is arranged to avoid the structural step part, and the drainage groove bypasses the structural step part to connect the outlet confluence area and the outlet manifold.

[0005] In some embodiments, the depth of the drainage groove is smaller than the depth of the reaction flow field, and the protrusion height of the area on the cooling side corresponding to the drainage groove is smaller than the protrusion height of the area on the cooling side corresponding to the reaction flow field.

[0006] In some embodiments, the drainage groove is respectively arranged adjacent to the outlet confluence area and the structural step portion.

[0007] In some embodiments, a side wall of the drainage groove away from the structural step portion is flush with a side wall of the reaction flow field area.

[0008] In some embodiments, the reaction flow field area has a first side wall and a second side wall arranged opposite to each other along its width direction, the first side wall and the inlet confluence area are adjacent to each other, and the second side wall and the outlet confluence area are adjacent to each other; the side wall of the drainage groove close to the structural step portion is located in the side area of ​​the second side wall away from the first side wall, or the side wall of the drainage groove close to the structural step portion is flush with the second side wall, so that the drainage groove is arranged in the edge area on the reaction side of the electrode plate.

[0009] In some embodiments, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the drainage groove decreases from one end of the drainage groove connected to the outlet confluence area to one end of the drainage groove connected to the outlet manifold.

[0010] In some embodiments, a confluence structure is provided on the reaction side of the electrode plate. The confluence structure is formed on the structural step portion and is connected to the outlet manifold. The drainage groove and the confluence structure are adjacently arranged and isolated from each other.

[0011] In some embodiments, the confluence structure includes a plurality of guide grooves, which are arranged in sequence and spaced apart and are respectively connected to the outlet manifolds, and the bottom of the guide groove is higher than the bottom surface of the reaction flow field area.

[0012] In some embodiments, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the outlet confluence region decreases gradually from one end of the outlet confluence region connected to the reaction flow field region to one end of the outlet confluence region connected to the outlet manifold.

[0013] On the other hand, an embodiment of the present application provides a fuel cell stack system, including the fuel cell provided by any of the above embodiments, wherein multiple fuel cells are stacked in sequence, the inlet manifolds of the multiple fuel cells are connected in sequence, and the outlet manifolds of the multiple fuel cells are connected in sequence.

[0014] The embodiment of the present application forms a drainage groove on the reaction side of the electrode plate, and the drainage groove is arranged to avoid the structural step portion, and the drainage groove is connected to the outlet confluence area and the outlet manifold by bypassing the structural step portion; when the exhaust gas in the reaction flow field area flows and forces the condensed water and product water to flow to the outlet confluence area, the condensed water and product water are blocked by the protruding structure of the structural step portion and cannot cross the structural step portion to enter the outlet manifold. At this time, the drainage groove can be used to bypass the structural step portion and discharge the blocked condensed water and product water to the outlet manifold, without affecting the sealing structure and sealing effect of the coolant flow field, providing an effective discharge path for the condensed water or product water, avoiding the phenomenon of water retention and accumulation in the confluence area, and thus ensuring the normal discharge of the exhaust gas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 is a perspective structural diagram of a fuel cell provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0017] Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of a fuel cell provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a main structural diagram of a fuel cell provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0019] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A partial structural diagram of a fuel cell;

[0020] Figure 5 This is another main structural diagram of the fuel cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.

[0021] Description of main component symbols:

[0022] 1-plate, 11-cooling side, 111-reserved sealing injection molding part, 12-reaction side, 121-structural step part, 122-drainage groove, 123-collection structure part, 1231-guide groove, 13-inlet manifold, 14-outlet manifold, 101-anode plate, 102-cathode plate, 103-membrane electrode assembly, 104-reaction chamber, 41-inlet confluence area, 42-reaction flow field area, 421-first side wall, 422-second side wall, 43-outlet confluence area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the said features. In the description of the present application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0025] “A and / or B” includes the following three combinations: A only, B only, and a combination of A and B.

[0026] The use of "suitable for" or "configured to" in this application is intended to be open and inclusive language, and does not exclude devices that are adapted or configured to perform additional tasks or steps. In addition, the use of "based on" is intended to be open and inclusive, as a process, step, calculation, or other action that is "based on" one or more stated conditions or values ​​may, in practice, be based on additional conditions or values ​​beyond those stated.

[0027] In this application, the word "exemplary" is used to mean "serving as an example, illustration, or illustration." Any embodiment described in this application as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The following description is given to enable any person skilled in the art to implement and use the present application. In the following description, details are listed for the purpose of explanation. It should be understood that one of ordinary skill in the art can recognize that the present application can be implemented without using these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and processes are not elaborated in detail to avoid obscuring the description of the present application with unnecessary details. Therefore, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is consistent with the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed in this application.

[0028] For fuel cells using a single-cell stack structure, the anode and cathode plates of the same cell enclose a reactant gas flow field, while the anode and cathode plates of adjacent cells enclose a coolant flow field. In related technologies, the plates are made by stamping. Due to the need for a sealed injection-molded structure for the coolant flow field, the plates need to form a step structure in the confluence area. The step structure will create a significant obstacle to the flow of condensed water and product water, preventing the condensed water and product water from crossing the step structure and entering the outlet manifold. Water is easily retained and accumulated in the confluence area, which in turn blocks and restricts the reactant gas flow path and affects the normal discharge of exhaust gas. In order to ensure the integrity of the sealed structure of the coolant flow field, it is impossible to solve this problem by connecting the confluence area and the outlet manifold by observing the step structure.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, on the one hand, an embodiment of the present application provides a fuel cell, which includes two electrode plates 1 arranged opposite to each other and a membrane electrode assembly 103 arranged between the two electrode plates 1. It can provide an effective discharge path for condensed water or product water without affecting the sealing structure and sealing effect of the coolant flow field, thereby avoiding water retention and accumulation in the confluence area and ensuring the normal discharge of exhaust gas.

[0030] Here, the two electrode plates 1 may include an anode plate 1011 and a cathode plate 1021. Each electrode plate 1 has a cooling side 11 and a reaction side 12 disposed opposite each other. The cooling sides 11 of the anode plate 1011 and the cooling sides 11 of the cathode plate 1021 belonging to two adjacent cells are disposed opposite each other to form a coolant flow field. The electrode plates 1 are provided with an inlet manifold 13 and an outlet manifold 14.

[0031] The reaction side 12 of the electrode plate 1 and the membrane electrode assembly 103 enclose a reaction chamber 104. The reaction chamber 104 includes an inlet confluence area 41, a reaction flow field area 42, and an outlet confluence area 43, which are sequentially connected. The inlet confluence area 41 is configured to communicate with the inlet manifold 13 and is used to further introduce reactant gases such as fuel gas and oxidant gas provided by the inlet manifold 13 into the reaction flow field area 42. The reaction flow field area 42 serves as a reactant gas flow field and is corresponding to the active area of ​​the membrane electrode assembly 103, and is used to perform electrochemical reactions to generate electricity and product water. The outlet confluence area 43 is configured to communicate with the outlet manifold 14 and is used to guide the gas-liquid mixture in the reaction flow field area 42 to the outlet manifold 14, and further discharge it out of the fuel cell through the outlet manifold 14.

[0032] The electrode plate 1 has a sheet metal structure and is made by stamping. The sheet metal structure has a first stamping structure, which is recessed on the cooling side 11 to form a reserved sealing injection molding portion 111 and protrudes on the reaction side 12 to form a structural step portion 121, so that the reserved sealing injection molding portion 111 is a recessed portion formed on the cooling side 11, and the structural step portion 121 is a protruding portion formed on the reaction side 12. Here, the reserved sealing injection molding portion 111 can provide a reserved space for injection molding the seal required for the coolant flow field seal in the reserved space; the structural step portion 121 is protruding and arranged between the outlet confluence area 43 and the outlet manifold 14, and is a process step portion formed corresponding to the reserved sealing injection molding portion 111.

[0033] The electrode plate 1 forms a drainage groove 122 on the reaction side 12, and the drainage groove 122 is arranged to avoid the structural step portion 121; in other words, the drainage groove 122 and the structural step portion 121 are arranged at intervals, and the orthographic projection of the drainage groove 122 on the plane where the electrode plate 1 is located and the orthographic projection of the reserved sealing injection molding portion 111 on the plane where the electrode plate 1 is located do not overlap with each other, which can avoid interference or damage to the structure of the reserved sealing injection molding portion 111 due to the setting of the drainage groove 122, thereby avoiding adverse effects on the sealing structure and sealing effect of the coolant flow field. Here, the drainage groove 122 bypasses the structural step portion 121 and connects the outlet confluence area 43 and the outlet manifold 14, allowing water to flow from the outlet confluence area 43 to the outlet manifold 14 through the drainage groove 122.

[0034] In this way, when the exhaust gas in the reaction flow field area 42 flows and forces the condensed water and product water to flow to the outlet confluence area 43, the condensed water and product water are blocked by the raised structure of the structural step 121 and cannot climb over the structural step 121 to enter the outlet manifold 14. At this time, the drainage groove 122 can be used to bypass the structural step 121 and discharge the blocked condensed water and product water to the outlet manifold 14, providing an effective discharge path for the condensed water or product water without affecting the sealing structure and sealing effect of the coolant flow field, avoiding water retention and accumulation in the confluence area, and thus ensuring the normal discharge of exhaust gas.

[0035] The depth of the drainage groove 122 can be set according to the actual structural requirements of the electrode 1, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this. In some embodiments, the depth of the drainage groove 122 can be less than the depth of the reaction flow field area 42, so that the protrusion height of the area corresponding to the drainage groove 122 on the cooling side 11 can be less than the protrusion height of the area corresponding to the reaction flow field area 42 on the cooling side 11, thereby avoiding the excessive bulge on the cooling side 11 due to the setting of the drainage groove 122, and thus avoiding the connection tightness between adjacent single cells and the sealing performance of the coolant flow field due to the excessive bulge. Here, the depth of the drainage groove 122 can be the maximum depth dimension of the drainage groove 122 along the thickness direction of the electrode 1, and the depth of the reaction flow field area 42 can be the maximum depth dimension of the reaction flow field area 42 along the thickness direction of the electrode 1.

[0036] The location of the drainage groove 122 on the reaction side 12 of the electrode plate 1 can be determined based on actual needs and is not limited in this embodiment of the present application. In some embodiments, the drainage groove 122 can be located adjacent to the outlet confluence area 43 and the structural step 121, respectively, so that the drainage groove 122, the outlet confluence area 43, and the structural step 121 form a relatively close and compact arrangement. This effectively shortens the length of the drainage groove 122 and the length of the water along the drainage path when it is discharged through the drainage groove 122, reduces the resistance and power loss along the way, and correspondingly improves the drainage speed and smoothness.

[0037] like Figures 3 and 4 As shown, in some examples, the side wall of the drainage groove 122 away from the structural step portion 121 can be flush with the side wall of the reaction flow field area 42. In this way, the setting position of the drainage groove 122 can be limited to the range limited by the four sides of the reaction flow field area 42 and its extension line, and the drainage groove 122 is arranged in the area outside the reaction flow field area 42 and adjacent to the reaction flow field area 42, thereby increasing the compactness of the layout structure and effectively shortening the length of the drainage groove 122 and the length along which the water is discharged through the drainage groove 122, thereby reducing the resistance and power loss along the way and correspondingly improving the drainage speed and smoothness. In addition, by limiting the setting position of the drainage groove 122 to the range limited by the four sides of the reaction flow field area 42 and its extension line, the electrode 1 can have a more regular edge area, which is convenient for arranging the connection and positioning structure in the edge area, and further facilitates the accurate positioning and connection between adjacent electrode plates 1 using their respective edge areas.

[0038] like Figure 5As shown, in other examples, the reaction flow field area 42 may have a first side wall 421 and a second side wall 422 arranged opposite to each other along its width direction; the first side wall 421 and the inlet confluence area 41 are arranged adjacent to each other, and the second side wall 422 and the outlet confluence area 43 are arranged adjacent to each other, so that the inlet confluence area 41, the reaction flow field area 42, and the outlet confluence area 43 are arranged in sequence along the diagonal line of the reaction chamber 104 and remain connected. Here, the side wall of the drainage groove 122 close to the structural step portion 121 can be located in the area on the side of the second side wall 422 away from the first side wall 421, so that the setting position of the drainage groove 122 is located outside the range limited by the four sides of the reaction flow field area 42 and their extension lines, so that the drainage groove 122 is arranged in the edge area on the reaction side 12 of the electrode plate 1, which can fully utilize the edge area of ​​the electrode plate 1 and provide a relatively sufficient layout space for the drainage groove 122, thereby avoiding interference or damage to the structure of the reserved sealing injection molding part 111 due to the setting of the drainage groove 122.

[0039] In other examples, the reaction flow field region 42 may have a first side wall 421 and a second side wall 422 that are arranged opposite to each other along its width direction; the first side wall 421 and the inlet confluence region 41 are arranged adjacent to each other, and the second side wall 422 and the outlet confluence region 43 are arranged adjacent to each other, so that the inlet confluence region 41, the reaction flow field region 42, and the outlet confluence region 43 are arranged in sequence along the diagonal line of the reaction chamber 104 and remain connected. Here, the side wall of the drainage groove 122 close to the structural step portion 121 is flush with the second side wall 422, so that the setting position of the drainage groove 122 is located outside the range limited by the four sides of the reaction flow field region 42 and their extension lines, so that the drainage groove 122 is set at the edge area on the reaction side 12 of the electrode plate 1, which can fully utilize the edge area of ​​the electrode plate 1 and provide a relatively sufficient layout space for the drainage groove 122, thereby avoiding interference or damage to the structure of the reserved sealing injection molding portion 111 due to the setting of the drainage groove 122.

[0040] The variation pattern of the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the drainage trough 122 can be determined according to actual needs, and can have different variation characteristics such as constant or gradual, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. In some embodiments, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the drainage trough 122 can decrease from the end of the drainage trough 122 connected to the outlet confluence area 43 to the end of the drainage trough 122 connected to the outlet manifold 14, so that the end of the drainage trough 122 close to the outlet confluence area 43 has a larger flow cross-sectional area, and the end close to the outlet manifold 14 has a smaller flow cross-sectional area, thereby causing the drainage trough 122 to gradually shrink along the drainage flow direction. When the condensed water or product water flows through the drainage trough 122, as the drainage trough 122 gradually shrinks, a jet effect is generated, causing the condensed water or product water to be ejected to the outlet manifold 14 at an accelerated rate, thereby accelerating the drainage speed and avoiding water retention and accumulation.

[0041] like Figures 3 and 4As shown, in some embodiments, the reaction side 12 of the electrode plate 1 may be provided with a confluence structure 123, which is formed on the structural step 121, and specifically may be provided in the top area of ​​the structural step 121. The confluence structure 123 is connected to the outlet manifold 14, and the drainage groove 122 and the confluence structure 123 are adjacently arranged and isolated from each other. By providing the confluence structure 123, the exhaust gas can be guided and converged, so that the exhaust gas flows in an orderly and directionally manner to the outlet manifold 14, avoiding disordered flow and fluid disturbance interference of the exhaust gas in the outlet confluence area 43. In addition, by providing the confluence structure 123, the phenomenon of water backflow can be avoided, ensuring better drainage and exhaust performance.

[0042] The structure of the confluence structure 123 can be determined based on actual needs and is not limited in this embodiment of the present application. In some examples, the confluence structure 123 may include multiple guide grooves 1231, which are spaced apart and connected to the outlet manifold 14. Here, the guide grooves 1231 are located at the top of the structural step 121, and the bottom of the guide grooves 1231 is higher than the bottom surface of the reaction flow field area 42 to match the stepped protrusion structure required by the structural step 121. By providing multiple guide grooves 1231, the gas-liquid mixture entering the outlet confluence area 43 can be diverted and directed, allowing the exhaust gas to flow through each guide groove 1231 in an orderly manner and converge to the outlet manifold 14.

[0043] The change rule of the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the outlet confluence area 43 can be determined according to actual needs, and can have different change characteristics such as constant or gradual, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this. In some embodiments, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the outlet confluence area 43 can decrease from the end of the outlet confluence area 43 connected to the reaction flow field area 42 to the end of the outlet confluence area 43 connected to the outlet manifold 14, so that the end of the outlet confluence area 43 close to the reaction flow field area 42 has a larger flow cross-sectional area, and the end close to the outlet manifold 14 has a smaller flow cross-sectional area. In this way, when the exhaust gas passes through the outlet confluence area 43 and flows to the outlet manifold 14, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the exhaust gas is gradually compressed and the flow rate gradually increases. The exhaust gas keeps flowing to the outlet manifold 14 at an accelerated speed, thereby accelerating the discharge rate of the product water carried therein, thereby avoiding the retention and accumulation of the product water in the outlet confluence area 43.

[0044] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, on the other hand, an embodiment of the present application provides a fuel cell stack system, comprising a plurality of fuel cells provided by any of the above embodiments, wherein the plurality of fuel cells are stacked in sequence, the inlet manifolds 13 of the plurality of fuel cells are connected in sequence, and the outlet manifolds 14 of the plurality of fuel cells are connected in sequence. The number of fuel cells can be determined according to actual needs to meet the required power requirements, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0045] The above is a detailed introduction to the fuel cell and stack system provided in the embodiments of the present application. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea. At the same time, for technical personnel in this field, based on the ideas of the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

Claims

1. A fuel cell, characterized in that: The invention comprises two electrode plates arranged opposite to each other and a membrane electrode assembly arranged between the two electrode plates, wherein the electrode plates have a cooling side and a reaction side arranged opposite to each other, the reaction side of the electrode plates and the membrane electrode assembly enclose a reaction chamber, the reaction chamber comprises an inlet confluence area, a reaction flow field area and an outlet confluence area arranged in sequence, and the electrode plates have an outlet manifold connected to the outlet confluence area; The electrode plate has a sheet metal structure, and the sheet metal structure has a first stamping structure, wherein the first stamping structure is recessed on the cooling side to form a reserved sealing injection portion, and is raised on the reaction side to form a structural step portion, and the structural step portion is raised and disposed between the outlet confluence area and the outlet manifold; The electrode plate forms a drainage groove on the reaction side. The drainage groove is arranged to avoid the structural step portion. The drainage groove bypasses the structural step portion to communicate with the outlet confluence area and the outlet manifold.

2. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein The depth of the drainage groove is smaller than the depth of the reaction flow field area, and the convex height of the area corresponding to the drainage groove on the cooling side is smaller than the convex height of the area corresponding to the reaction flow field area on the cooling side.

3. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein The drainage grooves are respectively arranged adjacent to the outlet confluence area and the structural step portion.

4. The fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein A side wall of the drainage groove away from the structural step portion is flush with a side wall of the reaction flow field area.

5. The fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein The reaction flow field area has a first side wall and a second side wall arranged opposite to each other along its width direction, the first side wall and the inlet confluence area are adjacent to each other, and the second side wall and the outlet confluence area are adjacent to each other; the side wall of the drainage groove close to the structural step portion is located in the side area of ​​the second side wall away from the first side wall, or the side wall of the drainage groove close to the structural step portion is flush with the second side wall, so that the drainage groove is arranged in the edge area on the reaction side of the electrode plate.

6. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein The flow cross-sectional area of ​​the drainage groove decreases from one end of the drainage groove connected to the outlet confluence area to one end of the drainage groove connected to the outlet manifold.

7. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein A confluence structure portion is provided on the reaction side of the electrode plate. The confluence structure portion is formed on the structural step portion and is connected to the outlet manifold. The drainage groove and the confluence structure portion are adjacently arranged and isolated from each other.

8. The fuel cell according to claim 7, characterized in that The confluence structure comprises a plurality of guide grooves, which are sequentially arranged at intervals and respectively connected to the outlet manifolds. The bottom of the guide groove is higher than the bottom surface of the reaction flow field area.

9. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein The flow cross-sectional area of ​​the outlet confluence area decreases gradually from one end of the outlet confluence area connected to the reaction flow field area to one end of the outlet confluence area connected to the outlet manifold.

10. A fuel cell system, characterized in that: The fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is provided with a plurality of fuel cells stacked in sequence, the inlet manifolds of the plurality of fuel cells are connected in sequence, and the outlet manifolds of the plurality of fuel cells are connected in sequence.

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