A laboratory small-scale sorting system and method with both gravity separation and flotation functions

Abstract

This invention belongs to the fields of coal slime separation technology and iron ore separation technology, specifically relating to a small-scale laboratory separation system and method that combines gravity separation and flotation functions. The small-scale laboratory separation system includes a circulating pump, a hydrocyclone, a flotation column, a pipeline mixer, and an air compressor. The hydrocyclone is installed above the flotation column and connected via an overflow pipe. The flotation column is connected to the circulating pump and the hydrocyclone in sequence via pipelines. The air compressor is connected to the hydrocyclone, the pipeline mixer, and the flotation column in sequence via pipelines. A first regulating valve, a second regulating valve, and a third regulating valve are installed on the pipeline between the flotation column and the pipeline mixer. A fourth regulating valve and a fifth regulating valve are installed on the pipeline between the air compressor and the hydrocyclone. This invention organically combines gravity separation and flotation, leveraging the advantages of each. By adjusting the valves, a single system can achieve both gravity separation and flotation functions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the fields of coal slime separation technology and iron ore separation technology, specifically relating to a small laboratory separation system and method that combines gravity separation and flotation functions. Background Technology

[0002] Coal is one of my country's most important energy sources. With the continuous improvement of mechanization and deepening of coal mining, the content of fine coal particles is constantly increasing. The separation efficiency of coarse coal slime, which is close to the effective separation particle size of gravity separation and flotation, is low. Single, conventional coal preparation technologies can no longer achieve ideal technical and economic indicators.

[0003] Gravity separation requires no reagents and has low separation costs, but its separation effect on coal slime in the -0.1mm particle size range is poor. Flotation is the most effective method for processing fine and ultrafine coal particles, and flotation columns have many advantages over traditional mechanically stirred flotation machines in terms of structure and performance. Against this backdrop, a number of new flotation column technologies, equipment, and processes have emerged. However, existing flotation columns struggle to demonstrate consistent advantages in terms of throughput, selectivity, and adaptability to particle size. For example, the flotation effect of flotation columns on coarse coal slime is unsatisfactory. In addition to optimizing the hydrodynamic environment for coarse coal flotation and increasing reagent dosage, increasing the number of times coarse particles circulate in the flotation column is also an important means to improve the recovery rate of coarse coal flotation. However, repeatedly circulating all coarse coal slime without selectivity will lead to increased energy consumption, increased wear, and reduced effective throughput.

[0004] If gravity separation and flotation can be organically combined and their respective advantages can be leveraged to develop a separation system with both gravity separation and flotation functions, it will be of great significance to improve the separation effect of fine coal and simplify the separation process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention discloses a small-scale laboratory separation system and method that combines gravity separation and flotation functions. By adjusting the valves on the system pipeline, it can achieve both combined gravity and flotation separation, as well as single gravity or flotation functions, with high separation efficiency for both. This system organically combines gravity separation and flotation, leveraging the advantages of each.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] In one aspect, the present invention provides a small-scale laboratory separation system that combines gravity separation and flotation functions, including a circulating pump, a hydrocyclone, a flotation column, a pipeline mixer, and an air compressor. The hydrocyclone is installed above the flotation column and connected via an overflow pipe. The flotation column is connected to the circulating pump and the hydrocyclone in sequence via pipelines. The air compressor is connected to the hydrocyclone, the pipeline mixer, and the flotation column in sequence via pipelines. A first regulating valve, a second regulating valve, and a third regulating valve are installed on the pipeline between the flotation column and the pipeline mixer. A fourth regulating valve and a fifth regulating valve are installed on the pipeline between the air compressor and the hydrocyclone.

[0008] Optionally, the upper end of the hydrocyclone is a hydrocyclone overflow port, a perforated tube sleeve is installed on the hydrocyclone overflow port, a perforated tube is installed inside the perforated tube sleeve, and a gap is left between the perforated tube sleeve and the perforated tube. A hydrocyclone air inlet is connected to the outer wall of the perforated tube sleeve. A connector is fixedly connected to the lower end of the perforated tube. A guide tube is installed inside the connector. The axis of the guide tube coincides with the axis of the perforated tube. A cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower end of the connector. The lower end of the guide tube extends into the interior of the cylinder. A hydrocyclone feed pipe is connected to the outer wall of the cylinder. A hydrocyclone underflow port is installed at the lower end of the cylinder.

[0009] Optionally, the flotation column has a funnel-shaped pipe inside, the lower part of which is connected to the flotation column feed inlet, and the flotation column feed inlet extends outward from the flotation column. A slurry suction inner cylinder is installed below the funnel-shaped pipe, and the slurry suction inner cylinder is connected to a circulation outlet. The outer side of the slurry suction inner cylinder is a slurry circulation chamber, and the slurry circulation chamber is connected to a circulation feed inlet.

[0010] Optionally, a frequency converter is installed on the circulating pump.

[0011] Optionally, an electromagnetic flow meter and a pressure gauge are installed on the pipeline between the water hydrocyclone and the circulating pump.

[0012] Optionally, an air float flow meter is installed on the pipeline between the air compressor and the water hydrocyclone.

[0013] On the other hand, the present invention provides a sorting system and method that combines gravity separation and flotation functions, the sorting system and method comprising:

[0014] (1) After screening, the raw coal with qualified particle size is mixed with water to prepare a uniform slurry with a concentration of 100g / L.

[0015] (2) Turn on the power to the circulating pump, frequency converter, electromagnetic flow meter, pressure gauge and air float flow meter. The slurry is fed from the top of the flotation column and circulates in the system.

[0016] (3) Open the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve, and close the fifth regulating valve so that the hydrocyclone overflow returns to the flotation column through the flotation column feed inlet and the circulating feed inlet, and the hydrocyclone underflow returns to the flotation column from the upper part of the flotation column;

[0017] (4) After the slurry circulates in the system for a period of time, 350-750 μL of collector with a concentration of 500 g / t and 35-75 μL of frother with a concentration of 70 g / t are added to the system from the top of the flotation column. The ratio of collector to frother is 10:1. The air compressor is turned on, and the air supply is adjusted through the third regulating valve. Air is then supplied to the system through the pipeline and the air inlet of the hydrocyclone.

[0018] (5) The concentrate overflows into the overflow tank and then flows out through the overflow port of the flotation column to collect the flotation froth product;

[0019] (6) After the aeration begins and flotation starts, collect the underflow product from the hydrocyclone;

[0020] (7) After the product collection is completed, turn off the power, open the discharge valve, and collect the remaining tailings product in the system;

[0021] (8) All products are filtered, dried and then further processed.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] The system of this invention organically combines gravity separation and flotation and leverages their respective advantages. By adjusting the valves, a single system can achieve both gravity separation and flotation functions. Compared with other test systems, this invention has the following advantages: simple device, easy operation, dual functions of gravity separation and flotation, and high separation efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the individual flotation test system of the integrated gravity flotation system of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the individual gravity separation test system of the integrated gravity buoyancy system of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the combined heavy-float and heavy-float separation system of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the flotation column in the integrated gravity and flotation system of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a cross-section of the flotation column in the integrated gravity and flotation system of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the water cyclone in the integrated heavy buoyancy system of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the water cyclone in the integrated heavy buoyancy system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0033] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, flotation test

[0036] (1) After screening, the raw coal with qualified particle size is mixed with water to prepare a uniform slurry with a concentration of 100g / L.

[0037] (2) Turn on the power supply of circulating pump 14, frequency converter 15, electromagnetic flow meter 16, pressure gauge 17 and air float flow meter 20. The slurry is fed from the top of the flotation column and circulates in the system. At this time, the flotation column can be used as a slurry tank.

[0038] (3) Open the first and second flow regulating valves and close the fifth regulating valve so that the overflow of the hydrocyclone returns to the flotation column through the flotation column feed inlet 10 and the circulation feed inlet 12, and the hydrocyclone underflow returns to the flotation column from the upper part of the flotation column; the hydrocyclone in independent flotation can also be a small cone angle classifying hydrocyclone to achieve particle size feeding.

[0039] (4) After the slurry circulates in the system for a period of time, 350-750 μL of collector with a concentration of 500 g / t and 35-75 μL of frother with a concentration of 70 g / t are added to the system from the top of the flotation column. The ratio of collector to frother is 10:1. The air compressor 19 is turned on, the air supply is adjusted through the third regulating valve, and air is supplied to the system through the pipeline and the air inlet 22 of the hydrocyclone.

[0040] (5) Concentrate A overflows into overflow tank 6 and then flows out through flotation column overflow port 7 to collect product A;

[0041] (6) After product A has been collected, turn off the power, open the discharge valve, and collect the remaining tailings products in the system.

[0042] (7) All products are filtered, dried and then further processed.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, reselection test

[0045] (1) After screening, the raw coal with qualified particle size is mixed with water to prepare a uniform slurry with a concentration of 100g / L.

[0046] (2) Turn on the power supply of circulating pump 14, frequency converter 15, electromagnetic flow meter 16, pressure gauge 17 and air float flow meter 20. The slurry is fed from the top of the flotation column and circulates in the system. At this time, the flotation column can be used as a slurry tank.

[0047] (3) Close the first and second flow regulating valves and open the fifth regulating valve so that the hydrocyclone overflow B and the underflow C return to the flotation column from the top of the flotation column;

[0048] (4) After the slurry circulates in the system for a period of time, open the air compressor 19 valve, adjust the air supply through the third regulating valve, and fill the system with air (or not fill it with air) through the pipeline and the hydrocyclone air inlet 22.

[0049] (5) Collect the hydrocyclone overflow B and underflow C products;

[0050] (6) All products are filtered, dried and then further processed.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] like Figure 3-7As shown, a small-scale laboratory separation system with both gravity separation and flotation functions includes a circulating pump 14, a hydrocyclone, a flotation column, a pipeline mixer 18, and an air compressor 19. The hydrocyclone is installed above the flotation column and connected via an overflow pipe. The flotation column is connected to the circulating pump 14 and the hydrocyclone in sequence via pipelines. The air compressor 19 is connected to the hydrocyclone, the pipeline mixer 18, and the flotation column in sequence via pipelines. A first regulating valve f1, a second regulating valve f2, and a third regulating valve f3 are installed on the pipeline between the flotation column and the pipeline mixer 18. A fourth regulating valve f4 and a fifth regulating valve f5 are installed on the pipeline between the air compressor 19 and the hydrocyclone.

[0053] The upper end of the hydrocyclone is a hydrocyclone overflow port 1. A perforated tube sleeve 3 is installed on the hydrocyclone overflow port 1. A perforated tube 2 is installed inside the perforated tube sleeve 3, and a gap is left between the perforated tube sleeve 3 and the perforated tube 2. A hydrocyclone air inlet 22 is connected to the outer wall of the perforated tube sleeve 3. A connector is fixedly connected to the lower end of the perforated tube 2. A guide tube is installed inside the connector. The axis of the guide tube coincides with the axis of the perforated tube 2. A cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower end of the connector. The lower end of the guide tube extends into the interior of the cylinder. A hydrocyclone feed pipe 4 is connected to the outer wall of the cylinder. A hydrocyclone underflow port 5 is installed at the lower end of the cylinder.

[0054] The flotation column has a funnel-shaped pipe 8 inside. The lower part of the funnel-shaped pipe 8 is connected to the flotation column inlet 10, and the flotation column inlet 10 extends outward from the flotation column. The lower part of the funnel-shaped pipe 8 is a slurry suction inner cylinder 11, which is connected to a circulation outlet 9. The outer side of the slurry suction inner cylinder 11 is a slurry circulation chamber, which is connected to a circulation inlet 12.

[0055] The flotation column has an overflow trough 6 at the top, a guide plate 21 in the middle of the overflow trough 6, an overflow port 7 of the flotation column connected to the outer wall of the overflow trough 6, and an underflow port 13 of the flotation column at the bottom.

[0056] A frequency converter 15 is installed on the circulating pump 14.

[0057] An electromagnetic flowmeter 16 and a pressure gauge 17 are installed on the pipeline between the water hydrocyclone and the circulating pump 14.

[0058] An air float flowmeter 20 is installed on the pipeline between the air compressor 19 and the water hydrocyclone.

[0059] Combined heavy buoyancy separation test:

[0060] A separation method for a separation system that combines gravity separation and flotation functions, the separation method comprising:

[0061] (1) After screening, the raw coal with qualified particle size is mixed with water to prepare a uniform slurry with a concentration of 100g / L.

[0062] (2) Turn on the power supply of circulating pump 14, frequency converter 15, electromagnetic flowmeter 16, pressure gauge 17 and air float flowmeter 20. The slurry is fed in from the top of the flotation column and circulates in the system.

[0063] (3) Open the first regulating valve f1 and the second regulating valve f2, and close the fifth regulating valve f5, so that the hydrocyclone overflow returns to the flotation column through the flotation column inlet 10 and the circulating inlet 12, and the hydrocyclone underflow returns to the flotation column from the upper part of the flotation column;

[0064] (4) After the slurry circulates in the system for a period of time, 350-750 μL of collector with a concentration of 500 g / t and 35-75 μL of frother with a concentration of 70 g / t are added to the system from the top of the flotation column. The ratio of collector to frother is 10:1. The air compressor 19 is turned on, and the air supply is adjusted by the third regulating valve f3. Air is supplied to the system through the pipeline and the hydrocyclone air inlet 22.

[0065] (5) Concentrate A overflows into overflow tank 6 and then flows out through flotation column overflow port 7 to collect product A;

[0066] (6) After the aeration begins and flotation starts, collect the tailings C from the hydrocyclone underflow.

[0067] (7) After the product collection is completed, turn off the power, open the discharge valve, and collect the remaining tailings product in the system;

[0068] (8) All products are filtered, dried and then further processed.

[0069] The working principle of this device is as follows: The slurry is fed tangentially into the hydrocyclone cylinder through the feed port 4 of the water-medium hydrocyclone at a certain pressure, forming a high-speed flow inside the cylinder. Under the action of centrifugal force and gravity, coarse particles move downward with the outer swirling flow and flow out from the bottom outlet 5 of the hydrocyclone; fine particles rise with the inner swirling flow. At the same time, the overflowing compressed air squeezed into the wall of the porous tube 2 is divided into a large number of fine bubbles by the shearing action of the high-speed flow. The bubbles enter the pipe mixer 18 with the overflow. The particles and bubbles collide and adsorb with each other in the pipe mixer 18. After the solid, liquid and gas phases are fully mixed, they return to the flotation column.

[0070] Working principle of flotation column: After aeration, the slurry is fed upwards through the funnel-shaped pipe 8 at the bottom of the flotation column. Minerals with good floatability in the slurry are preferentially floated. The mineralized particles rise with the mineralization bubbles and collide moderately with the oncoming hydrocyclone undercurrent C. Some easily detached particles in the mineralization bubbles are shaken off. The mineralization bubbles continue to rise due to buoyancy and are collected through the overflow trough 6 and overflow port 7. Unmineralized particles and shaken-off particles discharged from the funnel-shaped pipe 8 move downwards under gravity and are drawn by the circulation pump 14. The slurry is drawn from the inner cylinder 11 and discharged through the circulation outlet 9. After being separated by the hydrocyclone, it returns to the flotation column through the upper part of the flotation column and the circulation inlet 12. In the highly turbulent environment, the target mineral particles are mineralized and rise with the mineralization bubbles, colliding with the slurry returning from the upper part of the flotation column. Particles with weak adhesion in the mineralization bubbles are shaken off and move downwards. The mineralization bubbles continue to rise and enter the overflow tank 6 together with the mineralization bubbles of the original ore, and are collected through the overflow outlet 7. Unmineralized and easily detached particles move downwards and are extracted by the circulation pump 14. This cycle repeats continuously.

[0071] The working process of this invention is as follows: the overflow of the hydrocyclone is purged by the air compressor 19, passes through the pipeline mixer 18, and is fed into the flotation column through the flotation column inlet 10 and the circulation inlet 12 or from the upper part of the flotation column; the underflow of the hydrocyclone is directly discharged or returned to the flotation column through the pipeline from the upper part of the flotation column; the circulating discharge of the flotation column is returned to the hydrocyclone through the circulation pump 14 from the hydrocyclone inlet pipe 4, thereby realizing the circulation of the slurry in the system.

[0072] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A separation method for a separation system that combines gravity separation and flotation functions, characterized in that, in, A separation system combining gravity separation and flotation functions includes a circulating pump, a hydrocyclone, a flotation column, a pipeline mixer, and an air compressor. The hydrocyclone is installed above the flotation column and connected via an overflow pipe. The flotation column is connected sequentially to the circulating pump and the hydrocyclone via pipelines. The air compressor is sequentially connected to the hydrocyclone, the pipeline mixer, and the flotation column via pipelines. A first regulating valve, a second regulating valve, and a third regulating valve are installed on the pipeline between the flotation column and the pipeline mixer. A fourth regulating valve and a fifth regulating valve are installed on the pipeline between the air compressor and the hydrocyclone. The upper end of the hydrocyclone is the hydrocyclone overflow port. A perforated tube sleeve is installed on the hydrocyclone overflow port. A perforated tube is installed inside the perforated tube sleeve, and a gap is left between the perforated tube sleeve and the perforated tube. The outer wall of the perforated tube sleeve is connected to the hydrocyclone air inlet. A connector is fixedly connected to the lower end of the perforated tube. A guide tube is installed inside the connector. The axis of the guide tube coincides with the axis of the perforated tube. A cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower end of the connector. The lower end of the guide tube extends into the interior of the cylinder. A hydrocyclone feed pipe is connected to the outer wall of the cylinder. A hydrocyclone underflow port is installed at the lower end of the cylinder. The flotation column has a funnel-shaped pipe inside, and the bottom of the funnel-shaped pipe is connected to the flotation column inlet, which extends out of the outside of the flotation column. A slurry suction inner cylinder is installed below the funnel-shaped pipe, and the slurry suction inner cylinder is connected to the circulation outlet. The outside of the slurry suction inner cylinder is a slurry circulation chamber, and the slurry circulation chamber is connected to the circulation inlet. The circulating pump is equipped with a frequency converter; an electromagnetic flow meter and a pressure gauge are installed on the pipeline between the water hydrocyclone and the circulating pump; an air float flow meter is installed on the pipeline between the air compressor and the water hydrocyclone. The sorting system sorting method includes: (1) After screening, the raw coal with qualified particle size is mixed with water to prepare a uniform slurry with a concentration of 100g / L; (2) Turn on the power of the circulating pump, frequency converter, electromagnetic flow meter, pressure gauge and air float flow meter, and feed the slurry from the top of the flotation column. The slurry circulates in the system. (3) Open the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve, and close the fifth regulating valve so that the hydrocyclone overflow returns to the flotation column through the flotation column feed inlet and the circulating feed inlet, and the hydrocyclone underflow returns to the flotation column from the upper part of the flotation column; (4) After the slurry circulates in the system for a period of time, 350-750 μL of collector with a concentration of 500 g / t and 35-75 μL of frother with a concentration of 70 g / t are added to the system from the top of the flotation column. The ratio of collector to frother is 10:

1. The air compressor is turned on, and the air supply is adjusted through the third regulating valve. Air is then supplied to the system through the pipeline and the air inlet of the hydrocyclone. (5) The concentrate overflows into the overflow tank and then flows out through the overflow port of the flotation column to collect the flotation froth product; (6) After the aeration begins and flotation starts, collect the underflow product from the hydrocyclone; (7) After the product collection is completed, turn off the power, open the discharge valve, and collect the remaining tailings product in the system; (8) All products are filtered, dried and then further processed.

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