A welding tool for a forklift front assembly

Abstract

The application relates to a forklift front assembly welding tool, which comprises a base, a first magnetic attraction positioning mechanism, a main positioning mechanism, side positioning mechanisms arranged at two ends of a mudguard and defining the position of the mudguard, a clamping positioning mechanism arranged on the base, the clamping positioning mechanism clamping and abutting a tilting cylinder ear seat on the mudguard, and a second magnetic attraction positioning mechanism arranged on the base, the second magnetic attraction positioning mechanism attracting and abutting a reinforcing rib on the mudguard. The base plate, the mounting support plate, the mudguard, the tilting cylinder ear seat and the reinforcing rib of the forklift front assembly are positioned simultaneously through the welding tool, so that the whole forklift front assembly can be directly assembled and formed on the welding tool and welded, the welding process is more convenient, the assembly of the forklift front assembly can be realized only through one positioning, and the generation of errors is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of welding fixtures, and in particular to a welding fixture for a forklift front assembly. Background Technology

[0002] The front assembly of a forklift is installed on the front side of the forklift and includes a mounting bracket plate, floor plate, mudguards, tilting cylinder lugs, and multiple reinforcing ribs. During production, it requires initial positioning before being welded together as a whole. However, current positioning fixtures typically only allow for the positioning and welding of a portion of the parts at a time. Welding the entire front assembly requires multiple positioning operations, each introducing a slight error. These errors accumulate over time, leading to greater inaccuracies, affecting positioning precision, and reducing welding efficiency.

[0003] Therefore, a new technical solution is needed to address the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To facilitate the positioning and welding process of forklift front components, this application provides a welding fixture for forklift front components.

[0005] This application provides a welding fixture for a forklift front component, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A welding fixture for a forklift front component includes a base;

[0007] The first magnetic positioning mechanism is disposed on the base to pick up and position the upper mounting bracket plate.

[0008] A main positioning mechanism, which is disposed on the base and limits the position of the base plate;

[0009] A side positioning mechanism is provided on the base and is located at both ends of the mudguard, thus defining the position of the mudguard.

[0010] A clamping and positioning mechanism is provided on the base, which clamps and positions the inclined cylinder ear seat and abuts against the mudguard.

[0011] And a second magnetic positioning mechanism, which is disposed on the base, and the second magnetic positioning mechanism attracts and abuts the reinforcing rib against the mudguard.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the base plate, mounting bracket plate, mudguard, tilting cylinder lug seat and reinforcing rib of the forklift front assembly are positioned simultaneously by the welding fixture. This allows the entire forklift front assembly to be assembled and welded directly on a single welding fixture, making the welding process more convenient. Furthermore, the assembly of the forklift front assembly can be completed with only one positioning, thereby reducing the occurrence of errors.

[0013] Optionally: The first magnetic positioning mechanism includes a first magnetic member disposed on the base, a plurality of tapered pins that can pass through the mounting bracket plate, and a first driving member that pushes the tapered pins to move horizontally. The first magnetic member can magnetically attract the mounting bracket plate, and the free end of the first driving member can be connected to the tapered pins.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the position of the mounting bracket plate is limited by the tapered pin, and then the position of the positioned mounting bracket plate is limited by the first magnetic suction component, so that the position of the mounting bracket plate can remain stable during the assembly process.

[0015] Optionally, the base is further provided with a corner drive that pushes the mounting bracket plate toward the tapered pin and an abutment at the free end of the corner drive. The corner drive can drive the abutment to abut against the mounting bracket plate and push the mounting bracket plate to the tapered pin. The corner drive can drive the abutment to rotate along the axis of the corner drive.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, after the mounting bracket plate is brought close to the tapered pin, the abutment is used to push the mounting bracket plate toward the first magnetic attractor so that it is attracted by the first magnetic attractor. After pushing the mounting bracket plate, the abutment can also rotate to a horizontal state, so that it will not affect the subsequent installation of the base plate.

[0017] Optionally, the positioning mechanism includes a horizontal sliding seat that slides horizontally on the base, a vertical sliding seat that slides vertically on the horizontal sliding seat, and a plurality of main limiting members disposed on the vertical sliding seat, wherein the main limiting members can be inserted into the base.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, after the base plate is placed on the base, the horizontal sliding seat moves close to the base plate and the vertical sliding seat descends, and the main limiting member is inserted into the base plate to limit the position of the base plate.

[0019] Optionally, the vertical sliding seat is also fixed with several auxiliary limiting components, which can be inserted into the base.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the stopping position of the horizontal sliding seat is limited by the auxiliary limiting component, thereby enabling the base plate to be accurately positioned.

[0021] Optionally: The side positioning mechanism includes a side clamping member for clamping one end of the mudguard and a side positioning clamping member for clamping and positioning the other end of the mudguard;

[0022] The side clamping component includes a side clamping seat disposed on a slidably disposed on a base, a side clamping block disposed on the side clamping seat, and a side clamping drive component that drives the mudguard to abut against the side clamping block. The vehicle clamping drive component is disposed on the side clamping seat.

[0023] The side positioning clamping component includes a side positioning block disposed on the base, a side positioning pin that can pass through the mudguard, and a side positioning drive component that drives the side positioning pin to insert into the mudguard. The side positioning pin is connected to the free end of the side positioning drive component, and the side positioning pin can pass through the mudguard and push the mudguard to abut against the side positioning block.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the positions of both ends of the mudguard are limited by the side positioning mechanism, thereby limiting the overall position of the mudguard relative to the base plate.

[0025] Optionally, the clamping and positioning mechanism includes a lower clamping drive member disposed on the base, a lower clamping block disposed on the free end of the lower clamping drive member, an upper clamping drive member disposed on the base, and an upper clamping block disposed on the free end of the upper clamping drive member. The upper clamping block and the lower clamping block can approach each other and clamp the inclined cylinder ear seat. Parts of the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block can both pass through the inclined cylinder ear seat.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the position of the inclined cylinder lug seat is defined, so that the inclined cylinder lug seat can abut against the mudguard, and the inclined cylinder lug seat applies pressure to the mudguard, thereby defining the middle position of the mudguard.

[0027] Optionally, the second magnetic positioning mechanism includes a plurality of second magnetic components, which can be attracted to the reinforcing ribs, and the second magnetic components are respectively disposed on the main positioning mechanism and the side positioning mechanism.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, the reinforcing rib is attracted by the second magnetic chuck, thereby limiting the position of the reinforcing rib and making the subsequent welding process more convenient.

[0029] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0030] 1. By simultaneously positioning the base plate, positioning mounting plate, mudguard, tilting cylinder lug seat and reinforcing rib of the forklift front assembly on a single welding fixture, the number of times the workpiece needs to be positioned is reduced, the range of error is reduced, and the assembly and welding process of the forklift front assembly is made more convenient.

[0031] 2. During the positioning and clamping process of the base plate, the position of the horizontal sliding seat is limited by the auxiliary positioning component, and then the position of the base plate is limited by the main body limiting component, so as to make the positioning of the base plate more accurate. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the first magnetic positioning mechanism according to an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the main positioning mechanism in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the side positioning mechanism according to an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the clamping and positioning mechanism in an embodiment of this application.

[0037] In the diagram, 1. Base; 11. Mounting plate; 13. Positioning seat; 2. First magnetic positioning mechanism; 21. First magnetic component; 22. Tapered pin; 23. First driving component; 24. Connecting plate; 25. Corner driving component; 26. Abutment component; 3. Main positioning mechanism; 31. Horizontal sliding seat; 32. Vertical sliding seat; 33. Main limiting component; 34. Auxiliary limiting component; 35. Fixing plate; 36. Push block; 37. Stop block; 4. Side clamping component; 41. Side clamping seat; 42. 43. Side clamping block; 5. Side clamping drive; 6. Clamping positioning mechanism; 7. Lower clamping drive; 8. Lower clamping block; 9. Upper clamping drive; 10. Upper clamping block; 11. Second magnetic suction component; 12. Magnetic suction drive; 13. Side positioning clamping component; 14. Side positioning block; 15. Side positioning pin; 16. Column; 17. Cone; 18. Side positioning drive; 19. Rotation limiting mechanism; 10. Rotation positioning block; 10. Push block; 11. Rotation limiting drive; 22. Base plate; 23. Mounting bracket plate; 24. Mudguard; 25. Inclined cylinder ear seat; 26. Reinforcing rib. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] This application discloses a welding fixture for a forklift front assembly, such as... Figure 1As shown, it includes a base 1, a first magnetic positioning mechanism 2 disposed on the base 1 for positioning the mounting bracket plate 20, a main positioning mechanism 3 disposed on the base 1 for positioning the base plate 10, a side positioning mechanism disposed on the base 1 for positioning the mudguard 30, a clamping positioning mechanism 5 disposed on the base 1 for positioning the inclined cylinder ear seat 40, and a second magnetic positioning mechanism disposed on the base 1 for positioning several reinforcing ribs 50. During positioning, the position of the mounting bracket plate 20 is first defined by the first magnetic positioning mechanism 2. Then, the base plate 10 is placed on the base 1 with the floor below the mounting bracket plate 20. The position of the base plate 10 is defined by the main positioning mechanism 3. Then, the mudguard 30 is placed above the base plate 10 and the mudguard 30 is abutted and positioned against the base plate 10 by the side positioning mechanism. Next, the inclined cylinder ear seat 40 is placed on the mudguard 30 and positioned by the clamping positioning mechanism 5. Finally, the reinforcing rib 50 is abutted against the mudguard 30 and the base plate 10 and the reinforcing rib 50 is picked up by the second magnetic positioning mechanism. After spot welding, full welding is performed. During the welding and forming of the front component, the positioning of the entire front component can be completed by only one welding fixture, which makes the positioning and welding process of the front component more convenient.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, a vertically mounted mounting plate 11 is bolted to the upper end of the base 1. A first magnetic positioning mechanism 2 is mounted on the mounting plate 11. The first magnetic positioning mechanism 2 includes a first magnetic member 21 mounted on the mounting plate 11, several tapered pins 22 that can pass through the mounting bracket plate 20, and a first driving member 23 that pushes the tapered pins 22 to move horizontally. In this embodiment, the first driving member 23 is a cylinder. The first driving member 23 is bolted to the side wall of the mounting plate 11 away from the mounting bracket plate 20. A connecting plate 24 is bolted to the free end of the first driving member 23. The end face of the connecting plate 24 near the mounting plate 11 is fixed to the tapered pins 22 by bolts. The first magnetic clasp 21 is fixed to the side of the mounting plate 11 near the mounting bracket plate 20 with bolts, and the first magnetic clasp 21 can be attracted to the mounting bracket plate 20. The tapered pin 22 passes through the mounting plate 11 and the first magnetic clasp 21 and can pass through the mounting bracket plate 20, thereby limiting the position of the mounting bracket plate 20, so that the first magnetic clasp 21 can limit the position of the mounting bracket plate 20 after accurate positioning.

[0041] like Figure 2As shown, the mounting plate 11 is also provided with a corner drive 25 that pushes the mounting bracket plate 20 to engage with the first magnetic attractor 21, and an abutment 26 disposed on the free end of the corner drive 25. In this embodiment, the corner drive 25 is a corner cylinder. The corner drive 25 is fixed to the side of the mounting plate 11 away from the mounting bracket plate 20 with bolts, and the corner drive 25 is disposed below the first drive 23. The free end of the corner drive 25 passes through the mounting plate 11 and is fixed to the abutment 26. The abutment 26 is perpendicular to the axis of the corner drive 25. The end of the abutment 26 near the mounting plate 11 can abut against the end of the mounting bracket plate 20 away from the mounting plate 11, thereby pushing the mounting bracket plate 20 toward the first magnetic attractor 21. After the mounting bracket plate 20 is pushed to engage with the first magnetic attractor 21, the corner drive 25 can rotate the abutment 26 downward, so that the subsequent positioning of the base plate 10 will not be affected.

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown, the main positioning mechanism 3 includes a horizontal sliding seat 31 that slides horizontally on the base 1, a vertical sliding seat 32 that slides vertically on the horizontal sliding seat 31, and several main limiting members 33 disposed on the vertical sliding seat 32. A cylinder is disposed below the base 1, and the free end of the cylinder is connected to the horizontal sliding seat 31, thereby pushing the horizontal sliding seat 31 to move back and forth. A cylinder is also disposed inside the horizontal sliding seat 31, and the free end of the cylinder is connected to the vertical sliding seat 32, thereby driving the vertical sliding seat 32 to move back and forth. The main limiting members 33 are fixed to the vertical sliding seat 32 with bolts. In this embodiment, the main limiting members 33 are vertically arranged positioning pins. The lower end of the main limiting members 33 can pass through the base plate 10, thereby limiting the position of the base plate 10 on the base 1.

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown, since it is difficult to determine the exact stopping position of the horizontal sliding member when the horizontal sliding seat 31 stops, the vertical sliding seat 32 is also provided with a number of auxiliary limiting members 34 to limit the stopping position of the horizontal sliding seat 31. In this embodiment, the auxiliary limiting member 34 is also a vertically arranged positioning pin. The lower end of the auxiliary limiting member 34 is lower than the lower end face of the main limiting member 33. A number of positioning seats 13 are fixed on the base 1 with bolts. The auxiliary limiting member 34 can be inserted into the positioning seat 13, thereby limiting the stopping position of the horizontal sliding seat 31, so as to make the positioning of the base plate 10 more accurate.

[0044] like Figure 3As shown, the side positioning mechanism includes a side clamping member 4 for clamping one end of the mudguard 30 and a side positioning clamping member 7 for clamping and positioning the other end of the mudguard 30. The side clamping member 4 includes a side clamping seat 41 slidably disposed on the base 1, a side clamping block 42 disposed on the side clamping seat 41, and a side clamping drive member 43 for driving the mudguard 30 to abut against the side clamping block 42. A cylinder is provided at the lower end of the base 1 to drive the side clamping seat 41 to move. The free end of the cylinder is connected to the side clamping seat 41, and the moving direction of the side clamping seat 41 is set at an angle to the end face of the mudguard 30. The side clamping block 42 is fixed to the side clamping seat 41 with bolts, and the side clamping block 42 is disposed on the side of the mudguard 30 closer to the main positioning mechanism 3. The side clamping drive member 43 is fixed to the side clamping seat 41 with bolts and is located on the side of the mudguard 30 away from the side clamping block 42. In this embodiment, the side clamping drive 43 is a cylinder. The free end of the side clamping drive 43 is provided with an abutment block. The side clamping drive 43 abuts one end of the mudguard 30 against the side clamping block 42.

[0045] like Figure 4 As shown, the side positioning clamp 7 includes a side positioning block 71 fixed to the mounting base with bolts, a plurality of side positioning pins 72 that can pass through the mudguard 30, and a side positioning drive 73 that drives the side positioning pins 72 to insert into the mudguard 30. The side positioning block 71 can abut against the side wall of the mudguard 30 near the main positioning mechanism 3. In this embodiment, the side positioning drive 73 is a cylinder. The side positioning drive 73 is fixed to the base 1 with bolts and is located on the side of the mudguard 30 away from the mounting plate 11. A connecting plate 24 is fixed to the free end of the side positioning drive 73, and the plurality of side positioning pins 72 are all fixed to the connecting plate 24. The side positioning pin 72 includes a horizontally arranged column 721 and a cone 722 disposed at one end of the column 721. The cone 722 can pass through the mudguard 30 and the outer wall of the cone 722 can abut against the mudguard 30. The end face of the column 721 connected to the cone 722 can abut against the mudguard 30, thereby pushing the mudguard 30 to remain abutted against the side positioning block 71, thereby limiting the position of the mudguard 30.

[0046] like Figure 5 As shown, the clamping and positioning mechanism 5 includes a lower clamping drive member 51 disposed on the base 1, a lower clamping block 52 disposed at the free end of the lower clamping drive member 51, an upper clamping drive member 53 disposed on the base 1, and an upper clamping block 54 disposed at the free end of the upper clamping drive member 53. In this embodiment, both the upper clamping drive member 53 and the lower clamping drive member 51 are cylinders. The upper drive member and the lower drive member drive the upper clamping block 54 and the lower clamping block 52 to move closer to or further away from each other, and both the upper clamping block 54 and the lower clamping block 52 can pass through the inclined cylinder ear seat 40, thereby positioning the inclined cylinder ear seat 40 on the mudguard 30.

[0047] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the base 1 is also provided with a rotation limiting mechanism 8 that limits the rotation of the tilting cylinder ear seat 40. The rotation limiting mechanism 8 includes a rotation positioning block 81 that abuts against one side of the tilting cylinder ear seat 40, a pushing block 82 that abuts against the other side of the tilting cylinder ear seat 40, and a rotation limiting drive member 83 that drives the pushing block 82 to reciprocate. In this embodiment, the rotation limiting drive member 83 is a cylinder. The pushing block 82 is fixed to the free end of the rotation limiting drive member 83 and pushes the tilting cylinder ear seat 40 to abut against the rotation positioning block 81, so that the tilting cylinder ear seat 40 can abut against the mudguard 30.

[0048] like Figure 4 As shown, the second magnetic positioning mechanism includes several second magnetic suction components 6. A number of magnetic suction driving components 61 are provided on the vertical sliding seat 32 to push the second magnetic suction components 6 horizontally. In this embodiment, the magnetic suction driving component 61 is a cylinder. A fixing plate 35 is provided on the free end of the magnetic suction driving component 61. The second magnetic suction components 6 can be mounted on the fixing plate 35 to attract the reinforcing rib 50. The fixing plate 35 is also provided with a push block 36 that can abut against the mudguard 30. The push block 36 abuts against the mudguard 30 and applies a pushing force to the mudguard 30, making it difficult for the overall position of the mudguard 30 to change during welding. The fixing plate 35 is also provided with a stop block 37 that abuts against the end of the reinforcing rib 50 away from the mudguard 30. The stop block 37 can abut against one end of the reinforcing rib 50, thereby allowing the reinforcing rib 50 to adhere to the mudguard 30. The second magnetic chuck 6 is also fixed to the side sliding seat with bolts, thereby using the second magnetic chuck 6 to set a reinforcing rib 50 at one end of the connection between the mudguard 30 and the base plate 10.

[0049] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: The mounting bracket plate 20 is moved by a robotic arm to align with the tapered pin 22. Then, the corner drive 25 applies force to the mounting bracket plate 20, causing it to move towards the first magnetic suction member 21, thereby connecting the mounting bracket plate 20 with the tapered pin 22 and being attracted by the first magnetic suction member 21. The corner drive 25 drives the abutment block to rotate to a horizontal position. The base plate 10 is placed on the base 1. Then, the horizontal sliding seat 31 moves towards the base 1 and aligns the auxiliary limiting member 34 with the positioning seat 13. Then, the vertical sliding seat 32 descends, causing the main limiting member 33 to insert into the base plate 10 and the auxiliary limiting member 34 to insert into the positioning seat 13. The mudguard 30 is placed on the base plate 10. The magnetic pusher pushes the fixing plate 35 to abut against the mudguard 30. The side positioning pin 72 is inserted into the mudguard 30 under the push of the side positioning drive 73, and the mudguard 30 abuts against the side positioning block 71. The side clamping seat 41 moves toward the base plate 10, and the side clamping drive 43 pushes the mudguard 30 to abut against the side clamping block 42. The inclined cylinder ear seat 40 is placed between the upper clamping block 54 and the lower clamping block 52 and clamped. Then the pusher block 82 pushes the inclined cylinder ear seat 40 to abut against the rotating positioning block 81, so that the inclined cylinder ear seat 40 abuts against the mudguard 30. Then the reinforcing rib 50 abuts against the mudguard 30 and the base plate 10, and is attracted by the second magnetic puller 6.

[0050] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A welding fixture for a forklift front assembly, characterized in that: Includes base (1); The first magnetic positioning mechanism (2) is set on the base (1) to pick up and position the upper mounting bracket plate (20); The main positioning mechanism (3) is disposed on the base (1) and limits the position of the base plate (10); A side positioning mechanism is provided on the base (1) and is provided at both ends of the mudguard (30) and limits the position of the mudguard (30); A clamping and positioning mechanism (5) is provided on the base (1). The clamping and positioning mechanism (5) clamps the inclined cylinder ear seat (40) and abuts against the mudguard (30). The second magnetic positioning mechanism is disposed on the base (1) and attracts the reinforcing rib (50) to abut against the mudguard (30); the first magnetic positioning mechanism (2) includes a first magnetic member (21) disposed on the base (1), a plurality of tapered pins (22) that can pass through the mounting bracket plate (20), and a first driving member (23) that pushes the tapered pins (22) to move horizontally. The first magnetic member (21) can magnetically attract the mounting bracket plate (20), and the first driving member (23) can magnetically attract the mounting bracket plate (20). 3) The free end can be connected to the tapered pin (22); the base (1) is also provided with a corner drive (25) that pushes the mounting bracket plate (20) toward the tapered pin (22) and an abutment (26) provided at the free end of the corner drive (25). The corner drive (25) can drive the abutment (26) to abut against the mounting bracket plate (20) and push the mounting bracket plate (20) to move to the tapered pin (22). The corner drive (25) can drive the abutment (26) to rotate along the axis of the corner drive (25).

2. The welding fixture for a forklift front assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main positioning mechanism includes a horizontal sliding seat (31) that slides horizontally on the base (1), a vertical sliding seat (32) that slides vertically on the horizontal sliding seat (31), and a plurality of main limiting members (33) disposed on the vertical sliding seat (32). The main limiting members (33) can be inserted into the base (1).

3. The welding fixture for a forklift front assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vertical sliding seat (32) is also fixed with several auxiliary limiting members (34), which can be inserted into the base (1).

4. The welding fixture for a forklift front assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side positioning mechanism includes a side clamping member (4) for clamping one end of the mudguard (30) and a side positioning clamping member (7) for clamping and positioning the other end of the mudguard (30). The side clamping member (4) includes a side clamping seat (41) disposed on a slidably disposed on a base (1), a side clamping block (42) disposed on the side clamping seat (41), and a side clamping drive member (43) for driving the mudguard (30) to abut against the side clamping block (42). The side clamping drive member (43) is disposed on the side clamping seat (41). The side positioning clamp (7) includes a side positioning block (71) disposed on the base (1), a side positioning pin (72) that can pass through the mudguard (30), and a side positioning drive (73) that drives the side positioning pin (72) to insert into the mudguard (30). The side positioning pin (72) is connected to the free end of the side positioning drive (73). The side positioning pin (72) can pass through the mudguard (30) and push the mudguard (30) to abut against the side positioning block (71).

5. The welding fixture for a forklift front assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping and positioning mechanism (5) includes a lower clamping drive member (51) disposed on the base (1), a lower clamping block (52) disposed on the free end of the lower clamping drive member (51), an upper clamping drive member (53) disposed on the base (1), and an upper clamping block (54) disposed on the free end of the upper clamping drive member (53). The upper clamping block (54) and the lower clamping block (52) can approach each other and clamp the inclined cylinder ear seat (40). Parts of the upper clamping block (54) and the lower clamping block (52) can be inserted into the inclined cylinder ear seat (40).

6. The welding fixture for a forklift front assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second magnetic positioning mechanism includes a plurality of second magnetic components (6), which can be attracted to the reinforcing rib (50). The second magnetic components are respectively disposed on the main positioning mechanism (3) and the side positioning mechanism.

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