An apparatus and method for simulating and monitoring the development process of soil cavities under mechanical erosion by groundwater.

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of experimental device technology, specifically to an apparatus and method for simulating and monitoring the development process of soil cavities under mechanical erosion by groundwater. The apparatus includes an erosion component, a soil-water separation component, a pumping component, a water level control component, and a lifting component. The erosion component is used to place soil samples and create a test environment with varying and fluctuating water head conditions. The soil-water separation component separates the mud from the water. The pumping component extracts most of the test water and supplies it to the water level control component. The lifting component is used to adjust the water head height. The water level control component provides test water to the erosion component. This allows for the observation of the loss mechanism of eroded soil particles from karst cave entrances and the shape of soil cavities under simulated groundwater action in an indoor environment, facilitating systematic research on the erosion mechanism and the shape of the formed soil cavities under different hydraulic forces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of experimental equipment technology, and in particular to an apparatus and method for simulating and monitoring the development process of soil cavities under mechanical erosion by groundwater. Background Technology

[0002] Karst is widely distributed in southwestern my country. Due to long-term erosion by groundwater, karst areas often form caves of a certain size. Various types of soil are often overlying these caves. Under the action of rainwater and groundwater erosion, soil particles are washed away along the openings of the karst caves. For soils with a certain degree of cohesion, this often results in caves of different shapes and sizes, which reduces the strength of the overlying soil and eventually leads to ground subsidence.

[0003] Existing technologies cannot simulate the effects of groundwater on the mechanical erosion of soil and observe the formation of soil cavities under the action of mechanical erosion. Therefore, an experimental simulation device is needed to realize the observation of the loss mechanism of soil erosion particles from karst caves and the shape of soil cavities under the action of groundwater in an indoor environment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an apparatus and method for simulating and monitoring the development process of soil cavities under mechanical erosion by groundwater. This allows for the observation of the loss mechanism of soil erosion particles from karst cave entrances and the shape of soil cavities under simulated groundwater action in an indoor environment. This facilitates systematic research on the erosion mechanism of soil and the shape of the formed soil cavities under different hydraulic forces.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for simulating and monitoring the development process of soil cavities under mechanical erosion by groundwater, comprising an erosion component, a soil-water separation component, a pumping component, a water level control component, and a lifting component; the soil-water separation component and the water level control component are both mounted on the lifting component, the soil-water separation component is connected to the erosion component and located on one side of the erosion component, the pumping component is connected to the soil-water separation component and located on one side of the soil-water separation component, and the water level control component is connected to the pumping component and also connected to the erosion component, and located on one side of the pumping component.

[0006] The submerged erosion assembly includes a water level lifting box, multiple telescopic supports, multiple horizontal retaining bars, a soil sample box, a water level early warning device, a first water pipe, a second water pipe, a first water valve, a second water valve, a first flow meter, and a second flow meter. The multiple telescopic supports are respectively installed inside the water level lifting box. A horizontal retaining bar is installed between every two adjacent telescopic supports. The soil sample box is installed on top of the multiple telescopic supports and has a submerged erosion opening and multiple permeable holes. The submerged erosion opening is located at the bottom of the soil sample box, and the multiple permeable holes are respectively located on the sides of the soil sample box. The water level early warning device is installed inside the water level lifting box. The first water pipe is connected to the water level lifting box and is located on one side of the water level lifting box. The second water pipe is connected to the water level lifting box and is located on the side of the water level lifting box away from the first water pipe. The first water valve is installed on the first water pipe, the second water valve is installed on the second water pipe, the first flow meter is installed on the first water pipe, and the second flow meter is installed on the second water pipe.

[0007] The water and soil separation component includes a mud collector base, a mud collector dome, a reverse filter, a high-temperature heating plate, a third water valve, a third water pipe, and a condenser. The mud collector dome is located on top of the mud collector base and is connected to the second water pipe. The reverse filter is located in the center of the mud collector base. The high-temperature heating plate is located at the bottom of the mud collector base. The third water valve is located on the second water pipe. The third water pipe is connected to the mud collector dome and is located on one side of the mud collector dome. The condenser is fitted onto the third water pipe.

[0008] The water pumping assembly includes a water tank, a fourth water pipe, and a water pump. The water tank is connected to the third water pipe and is located on one side of the third water pipe. The fourth water pipe is connected to the water tank and is located on the side of the water tank away from the third water pipe. The water pump is connected to the fourth water pipe and is located on one side of the fourth water pipe.

[0009] The water level control component includes a water level control box, a fifth water pipe, and a fourth water valve. The water level control box is connected to the first water pipe and is located on one side of the first water pipe. The fifth water pipe is connected to the water pump and the water level control box, and is located on one side of the water pump. The fourth water valve is installed on the fifth water pipe.

[0010] The lifting assembly includes a reaction platform, a lifting rod, a fixing clamp, and a load-bearing lifting platform. The reaction platform supports the mud collector base. The lifting rod is fixedly connected to the reaction platform and located on top of the reaction platform. The lifting rod has multiple screw holes and multiple scale lines. The fixing clamp is disposed on the lifting rod. The load-bearing lifting platform is disposed on one side of the fixing clamp. The water level control box is disposed on the load-bearing lifting platform.

[0011] The fixing clip includes a steel plate and a reinforcing column. The steel plate is sleeved on the lifting rod and has small holes. The reinforcing column is threaded to the steel plate and passes through the steel plate.

[0012] Secondly, the present invention also provides a method for simulating and monitoring the development process of soil cavities under mechanical erosion by groundwater, comprising:

[0013] S1 closes the first, second, third, and fourth water valves and powers on the high-temperature heating plate for preheating;

[0014] S2 lays non-woven fabric on the side wall of the soil sample box and adjusts the telescopic support according to the required height of the test so that the height of the soil sample box reaches the preset value of the test.

[0015] S3 fills the water level control box with water, lets it stand for a period of time, and waits for the water level to stabilize.

[0016] S4 adjusts the position of the fixed clamp according to the initial water head required for the test, thereby adjusting the load-bearing lifting platform to the specified scale line position, and opens the first water valve so that the water in the water level control box flows into the water level lifting box.

[0017] S5 observes the reading of the first flow meter, activates the water level warning device, fills the water level lifting tank to the design water level line, closes the first water valve, opens the second and third water valves, and at the same time observes the reading of the second flow meter, adjusts the second water valve to make the reading of the second flow meter consistent with that of the first flow meter.

[0018] When the water level in the water level lifting tank drops to the bottom plate, the first water valve is opened, allowing the soil particles remaining in the water level lifting tank to enter the soil-water separation component. The second and third water valves are closed to allow the mixture to stabilize for a period of time. Pure water is then obtained through distillation. The pure water enters the pumping tank through the third water pipe, and the soil particles in the soil-water separation component are poured out and weighed.

[0019] S7 opens the fourth water valve, and the water pump draws water from the water tank into the water level control box. Let it stand for a period of time. During this process, the flow rate of the fourth water valve needs to be adjusted appropriately to prevent water from overflowing from the water level control box. If the water level control box cannot be replenished, water needs to be added to the water level control box again.

[0020] S8 tightens the reinforcing column and uses screws to pass through the small hole and screw hole to fix the fixing clip, so that the load-bearing lifting platform under the water level control box is fixed at the design scale line position. Manually open the water level warning device, adjust the first water valve to make the readings of the first flow meter and the second flow meter consistent, add water to the water level lifting box to make the water level in the water level lifting box stable at the design water level, so that the water in the soil sample box reaches the test design water level, and close the first water valve.

[0021] S9 repeats S4-S8 until the formation of burrowing soil cavities is observed during a certain cycle, or the mass of burrowing soil particles remains unchanged for several consecutive cycles, or the soil collapses. The test ends when this occurs. If it is necessary to observe the shape of the burrowing soil cavities after a certain cycle, the telescopic support can be pulled to raise the soil sample box, and expanding foam can be injected from the burrow opening. After the expanding foam solidifies, it can be removed to observe the shape.

[0022] This invention discloses an apparatus and method for simulating and monitoring the development process of soil cavities under mechanical erosion by groundwater. The apparatus includes a lifting component that can move a water level control component up and down; an erosion component for placing soil samples and creating a test environment with varying and fluctuating water heads, simulating the erosion characteristics of karst overburden soil under groundwater action; a soil-water separation component for separating mud from water in soil erosion materials; a pumping component for extracting most of the test water, achieving water conservation; a lifting component for adjusting the water head height; and a water level control component for receiving water from the pumping component and providing test water to the erosion component. By flexibly utilizing the test apparatus to simulate the erosion characteristics of karst overburden soil under groundwater action, this invention enables indoor observation of the loss mechanism of eroded soil particles from karst cave entrances and the shape of soil cavities under simulated groundwater action, facilitating systematic research on the erosion mechanism and the resulting soil cavity shapes under different hydraulic forces. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a device for simulating and monitoring the development process of soil cavities under mechanical erosion by groundwater, according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mud collector base, mud collector dome, filter plate, and high-temperature heating plate of a device for simulating and monitoring the development process of soil cavities under mechanical erosion of groundwater according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing clip of a device for simulating and monitoring the development process of soil cavities under mechanical erosion by groundwater according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a method for simulating and monitoring the development process of soil cavities under mechanical erosion by groundwater, according to the present invention.

[0028] 101-Peeping component, 102-Soil-water separation component, 103-Pumping component, 104-Water level control component, 105-Lifting component, 106-Water level lifting box, 107-Telescopic support, 108-Horizontal support bar, 109-Soil sample box, 110-Water level early warning device, 111-First water pipe, 112-Second water pipe, 113-First water valve, 114-Second water valve, 115-First flow meter, 116-Second flow meter, 117-Peeping hole entrance, 118-Permeable hole, 119-Mud collector base, 120-Mud collector dome, 121-Filter screen, 122-High temperature heating plate, 123-Third water valve, 124-Third water pipe, 125-Condenser, 126-Water tank, 127-Fourth water pipe, 128-Water pump, 129-Water level control box, 130-Fifth water pipe, 131-Fourth water valve, 132-Reaction platform, 133-Lifting rod, 134-Fixing clamp, 135-Load-bearing lifting platform, 136-Screw hole, 137-Scale line, 138-Steel plate, 139-Reinforcing column, 140-Small hole. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Please see Figures 1-3 In a first aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for simulating and monitoring the development process of soil cavities under mechanical erosion by groundwater:

[0030] It includes a erosion-prone component 101, a soil-water separation component 102, a pumping component 103, a water level control component 104, and a lifting component 105;

[0031] The soil-water separation component 102 and the water level control component 104 are both mounted on the lifting component 105. The soil-water separation component 102 is connected to the erosion-prone component 101 and is located on one side of the erosion-prone component 101. The pumping component 103 is connected to the soil-water separation component 102 and is located on one side of the soil-water separation component 102. The water level control component 104 is connected to the pumping component 103 and is also connected to the erosion-prone component 101, and is located on one side of the pumping component 103.

[0032] In this embodiment, the lifting component 105 can drive the water level control component 104 to rise and fall. The erosion component 101 is used to place soil samples and form a test environment with different water head conditions, such as variable water head and fluctuating water head, to simulate the influence of groundwater on the erosion characteristics of the soil in the karst overburden under variable water head and fluctuating water head conditions. The soil-water separation component 102 is used to separate mud and water in the soil erosion material. The pumping component 103 is used to pump out most of the test water to achieve the purpose of saving water resources. The lifting component 105 is used to adjust the water head height. The water level control component 104 is used to receive the water source of the pumping component 103 and provide test water for the erosion component 101. By flexibly using the test device to simulate the erosion characteristics of the karst overburden soil under the action of groundwater, the mechanism of erosion particles of karst soil flowing from the karst cave entrance and the shape of the soil cave under the action of groundwater in the laboratory can be observed. This facilitates the systematic study of the erosion mechanism of soil and the shape of the soil cave formed under different hydraulic forces.

[0033] Furthermore, the erosion-prone component 101 includes a water level lifting box 106, multiple telescopic supports 107, multiple horizontal retaining bars 108, a soil sample box 109, a water level early warning device 110, a first water pipe 111, a second water pipe 112, a first water valve 113, a second water valve 114, a first flow meter 115, and a second flow meter 116. The multiple telescopic supports 107 are respectively disposed inside the water level lifting box 106, and a horizontal retaining bar 108 is disposed between every two adjacent telescopic supports 107. The soil sample box 109 is disposed on top of the multiple telescopic supports 107, and the soil sample box 109 has an erosion-prone opening 117 and multiple permeable holes 118. The erosion-prone opening 117 is located within the soil sample box 109. At the bottom of 09, multiple permeable holes 118 are located on the side of the soil sample box 109. The water level warning device 110 is installed inside the water level lifting box 106. The first water pipe 111 is connected to the water level lifting box 106 and is located on one side of the water level lifting box 106. The second water pipe 112 is connected to the water level lifting box 106 and is located on the side of the water level lifting box 106 away from the first water pipe 111. The first water valve 113 is installed on the first water pipe 111. The second water valve 114 is installed on the second water pipe 112. The first flow meter 115 is installed on the first water pipe 111. The second flow meter 116 is installed on the second water pipe 112.

[0034] In this embodiment, the water level lifting box 106 is made of acrylic sheet and is a box structure with the top plate removed. Multiple telescopic brackets 107 can drive the soil sample box 109 to adjust its height. The soil sample box 109 is made of acrylic sheet and is a box structure with the top plate removed. The horizontal support rod 108 is made of stainless steel. The water level warning device 110 is installed on the side of the water level lifting box 106. Soil particles can be lost from the erosion hole 117. The water permeable hole 118 is used for water flow.

[0035] Furthermore, the water and soil separation component 102 includes a mud collector base 119, a mud collector dome 120, a reverse filter screen 121, a high-temperature heating plate 122, a third water valve 123, a third water pipe 124, and a condenser 125. The mud collector dome 120 is located on top of the mud collector base 119 and communicates with the second water pipe 112. The reverse filter screen 121 is located in the center of the mud collector base 119. The high-temperature heating plate 122 is located at the bottom of the mud collector base 119. The third water valve 123 is located on the second water pipe 112. The third water pipe 124 communicates with the mud collector dome 120 and is located on one side of the mud collector dome 120. The condenser 125 is sleeved on the third water pipe 124.

[0036] In this embodiment, the mud collector base 119 is a hollow box structure with the top plate removed. The mud collector base 119 is made of high-temperature resistant and thermally conductive material. The high-temperature heating plate 122 is connected to an external power source. The mud collector dome 120 is connected to the second water pipe 112. The water intake can be controlled by the third water valve 123, the flow rate is controlled by the second water valve 114, and the flow rate is monitored by the second flow meter 116. After the soil erosion enters the mud collector base 119, water and fine particles pass through the reverse filter screen 121 and fall onto the high-temperature heating plate 122. After heating, water vapor is discharged from the third pipe and liquefied by the condenser 125 to form pure water.

[0037] Furthermore, the water pumping assembly 103 includes a water tank 126, a fourth water pipe 127, and a water pump 128. The water tank 126 is connected to the third water pipe 124 and is located on one side of the third water pipe 124. The fourth water pipe 127 is connected to the water tank 126 and is located on the side of the water tank 126 away from the third water pipe 124. The water pump 128 is connected to the fourth water pipe 127 and is located on one side of the fourth water pipe 127.

[0038] In this embodiment, the water tank 126 is used to collect purified water flowing from the third water pipe 124, and the water pump 128 can pump the purified water away through the fourth water pipe 127.

[0039] Furthermore, the water level control component 104 includes a water level control box 129, a fifth water pipe 130, and a fourth water valve 131. The water level control box 129 is connected to the first water pipe 111 and is located on one side of the first water pipe 111. The fifth water pipe 130 is connected to the water pump 128 and the water level control box 129, and is located on one side of the water pump 128. The fourth water valve 131 is disposed on the fifth water pipe 130.

[0040] In this embodiment, the water level control box 129 is a box structure with the top plate removed. The water level control box 129 is made of acrylic sheet. The water level control box 129 is connected to the water level lifting box 106 through the first water pipe 111. The water flow rate is controlled by the first water valve 113, and the water flow rate is monitored by the first flow meter 115. The water pump 128 can pump the pure water in the water tank 126 into the water level control box 129 through the fifth water pipe 130, and the flow rate is controlled by the fourth water valve 131.

[0041] Furthermore, the lifting assembly 105 includes a reaction platform 132, a lifting rod 133, a fixing clamp 134, and a load-bearing lifting platform 135. The reaction platform 132 supports the mud collector base 119. The lifting rod 133 is fixedly connected to the reaction platform 132 and is located on top of the reaction platform 132. The lifting rod 133 has multiple screw holes 136 and multiple scale lines 137. The fixing clamp 134 is disposed on the lifting rod 133. The load-bearing lifting platform 135 is disposed on one side of the fixing clamp 134. The water level control box 129 is disposed on the load-bearing lifting platform 135.

[0042] In this embodiment, the mud collector base 119 is placed on the reaction platform 132. The number of scale lines 137 and screw holes 136 are the same and correspond one-to-one. The load-bearing lifting platform 135 supports the water level control box 129. The mass of the soil-water separation component 102 is greater than the mass of the water level control box 129 to prevent the lifting component 105 from tipping over. The fixing clip 134 can be adjusted on the lifting rod 133 to adjust the position of the load-bearing lifting platform 135.

[0043] Furthermore, the fixing clip 134 includes a steel plate 138 and a reinforcing column 139. The steel plate 138 is sleeved on the lifting rod 133. The steel plate 138 has a small hole 140. The reinforcing column 139 is threadedly connected to the steel plate 138 and passes through the steel plate 138.

[0044] In this embodiment, the steel plate 138 is U-shaped and is sleeved on the lifting rod 133. The fixing clip 134 can be fixed on the lifting rod 133 by passing screws through the small hole 140 and the screw hole 136. The reinforcing column 139 can be screwed to press against the lifting rod 133, so that the fixing clip 134 is fixed more stably, and the load-bearing lifting platform 135 is more stable.

[0045] Operating principle of lifting assembly 105: Tighten the reinforcing column 139 on the fixing clip 134 with a screwdriver so that the load-bearing lifting platform 135 is fixed on a certain scale line 137 of the lifting rod 133. By changing the position of the fixing clip 134 on the lifting rod 133, the height of the load-bearing lifting platform 135 is adjusted so that the height of the water level control box 129 is greater than the height of the water level lifting box 106.

[0046] The operating principle of simulating rapid fluctuations in groundwater level at the bedrock interface is as follows: Adjust the height of the load-bearing lifting platform 135 to a suitable position and open the first water valve 113. The water level control box 129 begins to inject water into the water level lifting box 106. The water level warning device 110 in the water level lifting box 106 senses the water level line. When the water level rises to the design water level line, the first water valve 113 is closed and the second water valve 114 is opened to drain water. When the water level drops below the bottom plate of the soil sample box 109, the height of the load-bearing lifting platform 135 is adjusted again and the first water valve 113 is opened to make the water level rise back to the design water level. This process of continuously injecting and draining water into the water level lifting box 106 allows the submerged erosion system to have conditions for rapid fluctuations in water level.

[0047] Internal water circulation principle of the device: When erosion occurs, the soil and water erosion material carried out from the erosion component 101 flows into the mud collector base 119. Most of the coarse particles are filtered by the reverse filter screen 121, and the mixture of fine particles and water falls onto the high-temperature heating plate 122. The high-temperature heating plate 122 heats the mixture, causing the water to evaporate. The water vapor enters the third water pipe 124, and when it passes through the condenser 125, it liquefies to form pure water, which then flows into the water tank 126. The water is pumped from the water tank 126 to the water level control box 129 by the water pump 128, thus achieving the purpose of internal water circulation of the device.

[0048] The working principle of the effect of drastic water level fluctuations on soil erosion: This application implements a device based on changing the flow rate to control the degree of water level fluctuations under the same soil layer burial depth and water level fluctuation amplitude. When the water level control box 129 replenishes water to the water level lifting box 106, the height of the soil sample box 109 is raised by adjusting the height of the telescopic support 107. To maintain the immersion height of the same soil layer in the soil sample box 109, the water head height of the water level control box 129 is moved, changing the water storage volume in the water level lifting box 106. When the water level in the water level lifting box 106 drops, the more water stored, the greater the flow rate and velocity flowing out of the water level lifting box 106, thus achieving drastic fluctuations in the water level in the soil sample box 109.

[0049] Principle of soil cavity shape observation: After the test, expandable foam is filled into the soil sample box 109 through the erosion cavity opening 117. After the expandable foam solidifies, it is taken out of the soil sample box 109 to observe its shape.

[0050] Please see Figure 4 Secondly, the present invention also provides a method for simulating and monitoring the development process of soil cavities under mechanical erosion by groundwater, comprising:

[0051] S1 closes the first water valve 113, the second water valve 114, the third water valve 123 and the fourth water valve 131, and powers on the high-temperature heating plate 122 to preheat it;

[0052] Close all water valves and preheat the high-temperature heating plate 122.

[0053] S2 lays non-woven fabric on the side wall of soil sample box 109 and adjusts the telescopic bracket 107 according to the required height of the test so that the height of soil sample box 109 reaches the preset value of the test.

[0054] The non-woven fabric is laid to restrict soil particles to flow only from the erosion opening 117 and to prevent soil particles from flowing out from the permeable holes 118 on the side wall under hydraulic action.

[0055] S3 fills the water level control box 129 with water and lets it stand for a period of time to wait for the water level to stabilize.

[0056] Fill the water level control box 129 with water, let it stand for a period of time, and start the test after the water level in the water level control box 129 has stabilized.

[0057] S4 adjusts the position of the fixed clamp 134 according to the initial water head required for the test, thereby adjusting the load-bearing lifting platform 135 to the specified scale line 137 position, and opens the first water valve 113 so that the water in the water level control box 129 flows into the water level lifting box 106.

[0058] According to the initial water head required for the test, the load-bearing lifting platform 135 is controlled to the designated scale line 137 by adjusting the fixed clamp 134, and the first water valve 113 is opened so that the water in the water level control box 129 flows into the water level lifting box 106.

[0059] S5 observes the reading of the first flow meter 115, activates the water level warning device 110, fills the water in the water level lifting tank 106 to the design water level line, closes the first water valve 113, opens the second water valve 114 and the third water valve 123, and at the same time observes the reading of the second flow meter 116, adjusts the second water valve 114 so that the reading of the second flow meter 116 is consistent with that of the first flow meter 115.

[0060] Observe the reading of the first flow meter 115, turn on the external power supply, activate the water level warning device 110, fill the water level lifting tank 106 to the design water level line, close the first water valve 113, open the second water valve 114 and the third water valve 123, and simultaneously observe the reading of the second flow meter 116. Adjust the second water valve 114 so that the reading of the second flow meter 116 is consistent with that of the first flow meter 115.

[0061] When the water level in the water level lifting tank 106 drops to the bottom plate, the first water valve 113 is opened, allowing the soil particles retained in the water level lifting tank 106 to enter the soil-water separation component 102. The second water valve 114 and the third water valve 123 are closed to allow the water to stabilize for a period of time. Pure water is obtained by distillation, and the pure water enters the pumping tank 126 through the third water pipe 124. The soil particles in the soil-water separation component 102 are then poured out and weighed.

[0062] When the water level in the water level lifting tank 106 drops to the bottom plate, the first water valve 113 is opened, allowing the soil particles retained in the water level lifting tank 106 to enter the soil-water separation component 102. The second water valve 114 and the third water valve 123 are closed to allow the mixture to stabilize for a period of time. Pure water is then obtained through distillation. The pure water enters the pumping tank 126 through the third water pipe 124, and the soil particles in the soil-water separation component 102 are poured out and weighed.

[0063] S7 opens the fourth water valve 131, and the water in the water tank 126 is pumped into the water level control box 129 by the water pump 128. After standing for a period of time, the flow rate needs to be adjusted appropriately by the fourth water valve 131 to prevent water from overflowing from the water level control box 129. If the water level control box 129 cannot be replenished, water needs to be added to the water level control box 129 again.

[0064] Open the fourth water valve 131, and use the water pump 128 to pump the water in the water tank 126 into the water level control box 129. Let it stand for a period of time. During this process, the fourth water valve 131 needs to be adjusted appropriately to control the flow rate to prevent water from overflowing from the water level control box 129. If the water level control box 129 cannot be replenished, water needs to be added to the water level control box 129 again.

[0065] S8 tightens the reinforcing column 139 and uses screws to pass through the small hole 140 and screw hole 136 to fix the fixing clip 134, so that the load-bearing lifting platform 135 under the water level control box 129 is fixed at the design scale line 137. Manually open the water level warning device 110, adjust the first water valve 113 so that the readings of the first flow meter 115 and the second flow meter 116 are consistent, add water to the water level lifting box 106 so that the water level in the water level lifting box 106 is stable at the design water level, so that the water in the soil sample box 109 reaches the test design water level, and close the first water valve 113.

[0066] The fixing clip 134 is secured with screws and the reinforcing column 139, so that the load-bearing lifting platform 135 is fixed at the design scale line 137. The water level warning device 110 is manually opened, and the first water valve 113 is adjusted so that the readings of the first flow meter 115 and the second flow meter 116 are consistent. Water is added to the water level lifting tank 106 so that the water level in the water level lifting tank 106 is stable at the design water level, so that the water in the soil sample box 109 reaches the test design water level. The first water valve 113 is then closed.

[0067] S9 repeats S4-S8 until the formation of a burrowing soil cavity is observed during a certain cycle, or the mass of the burrowing soil particles remains unchanged for several consecutive cycles, or the soil collapses. The test ends when this occurs. If it is necessary to observe the shape of the burrowing soil cavity after a certain cycle, the telescopic support 107 can be pulled to raise the soil sample box 109, and the expanding foam can be injected from the burrow opening 117. After the expanding foam solidifies, it can be removed to observe the shape.

[0068] Repeat steps 4 to 8 until the formation of a burrowing soil cavity is observed during a certain cycle, or the mass of the burrowing soil particles remains unchanged for several consecutive cycles, or the soil collapses. Then, end the test. If it is necessary to observe the shape of the burrowing soil cavity after a certain cycle, the telescopic support 107 can be pulled to lift the soil sample box 109, and expanding foam can be injected from the burrow opening 117. After the expanding foam solidifies, it can be removed to observe the shape.

[0069] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely one or more preferred embodiments of this application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes for implementing the above embodiments and equivalent changes made in accordance with the claims of this application still fall within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A device for simulating and monitoring the development process of soil cavities under mechanical erosion by groundwater, characterized in that, Includes erosion control components, soil and water separation components, pumping components, water level control components, and lifting components; Both the soil and water separation component and the water level control component are mounted on the lifting component. The soil and water separation component is connected to the erosion-prone component and is located on one side of the erosion-prone component. The pumping component is connected to the soil and water separation component and is located on one side of the soil and water separation component. The water level control component is connected to the pumping component and is also connected to the erosion-prone component, and is located on one side of the pumping component. The submerged corrosion assembly includes a water level lifting box, multiple telescopic supports, multiple horizontal retaining bars, a soil sample box, a water level early warning device, a first water pipe, a second water pipe, a first water valve, a second water valve, a first flow meter, and a second flow meter. The multiple telescopic supports are respectively installed inside the water level lifting box. A horizontal retaining bar is installed between every two adjacent telescopic supports. The soil sample box is installed on top of the multiple telescopic supports and has a submerged corrosion opening and multiple permeable holes. The submerged corrosion opening is located at the bottom of the soil sample box, and the multiple permeable holes are respectively located on the sides of the soil sample box. The water level early warning device is installed inside the water level lifting box. The first water pipe is connected to the water level lifting box and is located on one side of the water level lifting box. The second water pipe is connected to the water level lifting box and is located on the side of the water level lifting box away from the first water pipe. The first water valve is installed on the first water pipe, the second water valve is installed on the second water pipe, the first flow meter is installed on the first water pipe, and the second flow meter is installed on the second water pipe.

2. The device for simulating and monitoring the development process of soil cavities under mechanical erosion by groundwater as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water and soil separation assembly includes a mud collector base, a mud collector dome, a reverse filter screen, a high-temperature heating plate, a third water valve, a third water pipe, and a condenser. The mud collector dome is located on top of the mud collector base and is connected to the second water pipe. The reverse filter screen is located in the center inside the mud collector base. The high-temperature heating plate is located at the bottom inside the mud collector base. The third water valve is located on the second water pipe. The third water pipe is connected to the mud collector dome and is located on one side of the mud collector dome. The condenser is sleeved on the third water pipe.

3. The device for simulating and monitoring the development process of soil cavities under mechanical erosion of groundwater as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The water pumping assembly includes a water tank, a fourth water pipe, and a water pump. The water tank is connected to the third water pipe and is located on one side of the third water pipe. The fourth water pipe is connected to the water tank and is located on the side of the water tank away from the third water pipe. The water pump is connected to the fourth water pipe and is located on one side of the fourth water pipe.

4. The device for simulating and monitoring the development process of soil cavities under mechanical erosion by groundwater as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The water level control assembly includes a water level control box, a fifth water pipe, and a fourth water valve. The water level control box is connected to the first water pipe and is located on one side of the first water pipe. The fifth water pipe is connected to the water pump and the water level control box, and is located on one side of the water pump. The fourth water valve is installed on the fifth water pipe.

5. The device for simulating and monitoring the development process of soil cavities under mechanical erosion of groundwater as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The lifting assembly includes a reaction platform, a lifting rod, a fixing clamp, and a load-bearing lifting platform. The reaction platform supports the mud collector base. The lifting rod is fixedly connected to the reaction platform and located on top of the reaction platform. The lifting rod has multiple screw holes and multiple scale lines. The fixing clamp is disposed on the lifting rod. The load-bearing lifting platform is disposed on one side of the fixing clamp. The water level control box is disposed on the load-bearing lifting platform.

6. The device for simulating and monitoring the development process of soil cavities under mechanical erosion of groundwater as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The fixing clip includes a steel plate and a reinforcing column. The steel plate is sleeved on the lifting rod and has a small hole. The reinforcing column is threaded to the steel plate and passes through the steel plate.

7. A method for simulating and monitoring the development process of soil cavities under mechanical erosion by groundwater, applied to the apparatus for simulating and monitoring the development process of soil cavities under mechanical erosion by groundwater as described in claim 6, characterized in that, include: S1 closes the first, second, third, and fourth water valves and powers on the high-temperature heating plate for preheating; S2 lays non-woven fabric on the side wall of the soil sample box and adjusts the telescopic bracket according to the required height of the test so that the height of the soil sample box reaches the preset value of the test. S3 fills the water level control box with water and lets it stand for a period of time until the water level stabilizes; S4 adjusts the position of the fixed clamp according to the initial water head required for the test, thereby adjusting the load-bearing lifting platform to the specified scale line position, and opens the first water valve so that the water in the water level control box flows into the water level lifting box. S5 observes the reading of the first flow meter, activates the water level warning device, fills the water level lifting tank to the design water level line, closes the first water valve, opens the second and third water valves, and at the same time observes the reading of the second flow meter, adjusts the second water valve to make the reading of the second flow meter consistent with that of the first flow meter. When the water level in the water level lifting tank drops to the bottom plate, the first water valve is opened, allowing the soil particles remaining in the water level lifting tank to enter the soil-water separation component. The second and third water valves are closed to allow the mixture to stabilize for a period of time. Pure water is then obtained through distillation. The pure water enters the pumping tank through the third water pipe, and the soil particles in the soil-water separation component are poured out and weighed. S7 opens the fourth water valve, and the water pump draws water from the water tank into the water level control box. Let it stand for a period of time. During this process, the flow rate of the fourth water valve needs to be adjusted appropriately to prevent water from overflowing from the water level control box. If the water level control box cannot be replenished, water needs to be added to the water level control box again. S8 tightens the reinforcing column and uses screws to pass through the small hole and screw hole to fix the fixing clip, so that the load-bearing lifting platform under the water level control box is fixed at the design scale line position. Manually open the water level warning device, adjust the first water valve to make the readings of the first flow meter and the second flow meter consistent, add water to the water level lifting box to make the water level in the water level lifting box stable at the design water level, so that the water in the soil sample box reaches the test design water level, and close the first water valve. S9 repeats S4-S8 until the formation of burrowing soil cavities is observed during a certain cycle, or the mass of burrowing soil particles remains unchanged for several consecutive cycles, or the soil collapses. The test ends when this occurs. If it is necessary to observe the shape of the burrowing soil cavities after a certain cycle, the telescopic support can be pulled to raise the soil sample box, and expanding foam can be injected from the burrow opening. After the expanding foam solidifies, it can be removed to observe the shape.

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