A method of high yield gradient ridge furrow cultivation of peanuts

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of peanut cultivation, and particularly relates to a high-yield gradient ridge and furrow cultivation method of peanuts. The method is realized by the following steps: ploughing the land, applying base fertilizer, then raising ridges, the ridges are in the shape of isosceles trapezoid, a ridge surface furrow with a width of 3-5 cm and a depth of 5 cm is dug in the middle of the ridge surface, the compound fermented fertilizer is scattered into the furrow, and then the furrow is filled. After sowing, the ridges are treated, and then normal field management is performed. The planting method of the trapezoidal ridge is adopted, and the compound fermented fertilizer is applied to the ridge surface, so that the fertilizer can slowly penetrate into the sowing area. The compound fermented fertilizer prepared by the application can effectively prevent diseases and insect pests, reduce the occurrence rate of diseases and insect pests, and greatly reduce the amount of pesticides. The planting method provided by the application greatly improves the emergence rate of peanuts, improves the yield of peanuts, and improves the soil performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of peanut cultivation, specifically relating to a method for high-yield gradient ridge-furrow cultivation of peanuts. Background Technology

[0002] Peanuts are an important oilseed and cash crop. Ridging, by concentrating the topsoil on ridges, gathers the nutrient-rich topsoil, increasing soil depth and aiding in water and fertilizer retention. The increased ridge height also improves soil permeability, promoting pod formation and increasing yield. However, during the early seedling stage of ridge planting, timely irrigation is crucial; drought can lead to poor emergence and seedling death. Peanuts are typically planted on flat ground using methods such as hill sowing, row sowing, or machine sowing. Flat ground planting is relatively convenient, saving time and labor. However, drainage is difficult during prolonged periods of rain, increasing the risk of waterlogging, especially for summer-sown peanuts. Furthermore, peanut pods are prone to falling off during harvest, hindering the harvest. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a method for high-yield gradient ridge-furrow cultivation of peanuts.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to achieve the above objectives is as follows:

[0005] This invention provides a method for high-yield gradient ridge-furrow cultivation of peanuts, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) Land preparation: Plow the land, apply base fertilizer, and then make ridges. The ridges are in the shape of isosceles trapezoids. Dig a ridge surface trench with a width of 3-5cm and a depth of 5cm in the middle of the ridge surface, sprinkle compound fermented fertilizer into the trench, and fill it in.

[0007] (2) Sowing: Sow when the average temperature is 15℃; dig holes in the middle of the ridges on both sides, with a hole spacing of 15-18cm, sow two peanut seeds in each hole, fill the hole and spray herbicide; when the soil moisture content is less than 75%, drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation for seedling emergence.

[0008] (3) Ridge treatment: When the peanut seedlings grow to 10-15cm, rake the trapezoidal ridge from the ridge surface to 2-3cm and let the soil fall naturally to both sides;

[0009] (4) Normal field management is sufficient.

[0010] Furthermore, in step (1), the ridge spacing is 50-60cm, the ridge height is 11-13cm, the ridge bottom width is 75-80cm, and the ridge surface width is 40-50cm.

[0011] The compound fermented fertilizer used in this invention is prepared by the following method: mint whole plant and walnut green skin are crushed, water is added to the slurry at a volume ratio of 1:1, and after mixing evenly, cellulase and black yeast are added. After fermentation for 10-15 days, wood ash is added and stirred evenly.

[0012] Furthermore, the mass ratio of mint to walnut husk is 1:5; the amount of cellulase added accounts for 2% of the weight of the slurry; the amount of black yeast added accounts for 1.5% of the weight of the slurry; and the mass ratio of the slurry to wood ash is 1:1.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (2), the peanut seeds are pre-coated with a coating agent; the coating agent is composed of the following raw materials: 2% azadirachtin, 0.8% gibberellin, 10% polyethylene glycol, 2% sodium alkyl sulfate and the remainder water.

[0014] In the planting process of this invention, trapezoidal ridges are first used, and peanuts are sown in holes at the waist of the ridges. This can effectively prevent problems such as the surface drying out and difficulty in germination when planting on the ridges. The trapezoidal ridges increase soil permeability and can make full use of sunlight, water and nutrients, collect water and retain moisture, and improve the germination rate of peanuts.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0016] (1) The present invention adopts a trapezoidal ridge planting method and applies compound fermented fertilizer on the ridge surface, which enables the fertilizer to slowly penetrate into the sowing area;

[0017] (2) The compound fermented fertilizer prepared by the present invention can effectively prevent pests and diseases, reduce the incidence of pests and diseases, and greatly reduce the amount of pesticides used.

[0018] (3) The planting method provided by the present invention greatly improves the germination rate of peanuts, increases the yield of peanuts, and improves soil properties. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a trapezoidal planting pattern for peanuts, where 1 represents the leveling position. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained and described below through specific embodiments.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] (1) Land preparation: Plow the land and apply base fertilizer (Stanley peanut fertilizer). Then, make ridges. The ridges are in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid: ridge spacing 50-60cm, ridge height 11-13cm, ridge bottom width 75-80cm, ridge surface width 40-50cm. Dig a ridge surface trench with a width of 3-5cm and a depth of 5cm in the middle of the ridge surface, sprinkle compound fermented fertilizer into the trench, and fill it in.

[0023] (2) Sowing: Sow when the average temperature is 15℃; dig holes in the middle of the ridges on both sides, with a hole spacing of 15-18cm. Sow two peanut seeds coated with coating agent (coating agent: 2% azadirachtin, 0.8% gibberellin, 10% polyethylene glycol, 2% sodium alkyl sulfate and the remainder water) per hole. The amount used is about 20mL for every 20 catties of peanut seeds. After filling the hole, spray herbicide; when the soil moisture content is less than 75%, drip irrigate or sprinkle water for seedling emergence.

[0024] (3) Ridge treatment: When the peanut seedlings grow to 10-15cm (over 90%), rake the trapezoidal ridges from the ridge surface to 2-3cm down, allowing the soil to fall naturally to both sides; Figure 1 As shown, starting from point 1, simply rake the soil to level the entire area. The soil produced during the leveling process will naturally cover the area around the seedlings.

[0025] (4) Normal field management is sufficient (topdressing during the pod-setting period: spray foliar fertilizer during the pod-setting period of peanuts; peanut-specific foliar fertilizer is commercially available peanut foliar fertilizer, which mainly contains trace elements iron, manganese, boron, zinc and molybdenum, Fe+Mn+Bo+Zn+Mo≧15%)

[0026] (5) Peanut harvesting: Harvest when the peanut leaves turn yellow and the middle and lower stems and leaves wither.

[0027] The compound fermented fertilizer is prepared by the following method: the whole mint plant and the green walnut skin are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:5, then crushed and ground into a slurry. Water is added to the slurry at a volume ratio of 1:1 and mixed evenly. Then, 2% cellulase and 1.5% black yeast are added according to the weight of the slurry. After fermentation for 15 days, an equal amount of wood ash is added and stirred evenly.

[0028] Comparative Example 1

[0029] (1) Land preparation: Plow the land, apply base fertilizer, and then make ridges. Traditional ridges: ridge spacing 50-60cm, ridge height 11-13cm, ridge width 75-80cm. Dig a ridge surface trench with a width of 3-5cm and a depth of 5cm in the middle of the ridge surface, spread compound fermented fertilizer in the trench, and fill it in.

[0030] (2) Sowing: Sow when the average temperature is 15℃; dig holes on the ridge surface and plant two rows per ridge with a hole spacing of 15-18cm. Sow two peanut seeds coated with coating agent (coating agent: 2% azadirachtin, 0.8% gibberellin, 10% polyethylene glycol, 2% sodium alkyl sulfate and the remainder water) in each hole, fill the hole and spray herbicide; when the soil moisture content is less than 75%, drip irrigate or sprinkle irrigate the seedlings.

[0031] (4) Normal field management is sufficient (same as Example 1).

[0032] Comparative Example 2

[0033] (1) Land preparation: Plow the land and apply base fertilizer (Stanley peanut fertilizer), then make ridges. The ridges are in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid: ridge spacing 50-60cm, ridge height 11-13cm, ridge bottom width 75-80cm, ridge surface width 40-50cm.

[0034] Everything else is the same as in Example 1.

[0035] Effect Example

[0036] (a) The methods of the examples and comparative examples were planted in the experimental plots to carry out field trials. After sowing, the emergence rate was first counted (the standard for emergence was 2cm above the soil). The specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0037] Table 1

[0038]

[0039] (II) After harvest, peanut yield and kernel yield were recorded. At harvest time, 10 consecutive plants with normal growth in the middle row of each treatment were selected to investigate the kernel yield. 10m of uniformly growing plants were selected from each experimental field. 2 Peanut pods were harvested in the region, and the pod yield per unit area was calculated. The average of three replicates for each treatment was taken, and the data from two years were combined and averaged. Specific results are shown in Table 2.

[0040] Table 2

[0041]

[0042] (III) Peanut Disease and Pest Grading Standards: The soil-borne diseases of peanut stem rot and white mold were investigated using a random 5-point sampling method. 20 plants were continuously investigated at each point, and 100 plants were investigated for each treatment. The number of diseased plants and the severity of disease at each level were recorded.

[0043] Peanut disease grading standards: divided into grade 0 (no symptoms), grade 1 (lesions only on the stem), grade 2 (wilt of 25% or less of the branches and leaves of the whole plant), grade 3 (wilt of 26% to 50% of the branches and leaves of the whole plant), and grade 4 (wilt or die of 50% or more of the branches and leaves of the whole plant); the number of diseased plants is counted based on the number of plants at grade 2 or above.

[0044] Incidence rate (%) = (Number of infected plants / Total number of plants surveyed) × 100.

[0045] The specific results are shown in Table 3.

[0046] Table 3

[0047]

Claims

1. A method for high-yield gradient ridge-furrow cultivation of peanuts, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Land preparation: Plow the land, apply base fertilizer, and then make ridges. The ridges are in the shape of isosceles trapezoids. Dig a ridge surface trench with a width of 3-5cm and a depth of 5cm in the middle of the ridge surface, sprinkle compound fermented fertilizer into the trench, and fill it in. (2) Sowing: Sow when the average temperature is 15℃; dig holes in the middle of the ridges on both sides, with a hole spacing of 15-18cm, sow two peanut seeds in each hole, fill the hole and spray herbicide; when the soil moisture content is less than 75%, drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation for seedling emergence. (3) Ridge treatment: When the peanut seedlings grow to 10-15cm, rake the trapezoidal ridge from the ridge surface to 2-3cm and let the soil fall naturally to both sides; (4) Normal field management is sufficient; In step (1), the compound fermented fertilizer is prepared by the following method: mint whole plant and walnut green skin are crushed, water is added to the slurry at a volume ratio of 1:1, the mixture is mixed evenly, cellulase and black yeast are added, the mixture is fermented for 10-15 days, wood ash is added, and the mixture is stirred evenly.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ridge spacing in step (1) is 50-60cm, the ridge height is 11-13cm, the ridge bottom width is 75-80cm, and the ridge surface width is 40-50cm.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of mint to walnut husk is 1:5; the amount of cellulase added accounts for 2% of the weight of the slurry; the amount of black yeast added accounts for 1.5% of the weight of the slurry; and the mass ratio of the slurry to wood ash is 1:

1.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the peanut seeds are pre-coated with a coating agent; the coating agent is composed of the following raw materials: 2% azadirachtin, 0.8% gibberellin, 10% polyethylene glycol, 2% sodium alkyl sulfate and the balance water.

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