Method for building dam with built-in drainage combined header

Abstract

The application provides a built-in drainage combined header dam building method and relates to the technical field of mine tailing pond dam building methods. The built-in drainage combined header dam building method comprises the following steps: laying drainage headers side by side according to the dam body direction, arranging a plurality of drainage headers in a ring shape to form a meandering frame, filling the inside of the drainage headers with cyclone tailings, filling the inside of the meandering frame with the tailings after the inside of the drainage headers is filled, arranging and laying new drainage headers above the laid drainage headers after the tailings in the meandering frame are completely consolidated, and repeating the above steps to finally form a sub-dam. The built-in drainage combined header dam building method has the advantages that the construction operation is simple, the tailings are used to build the dam, the dam body strength is guaranteed, the space is used to the maximum extent, the capacity of the tailings dam is improved, and the problems of difficult tailings dam building and high cost are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of tailings dam construction methods, and more specifically, to a method for constructing a dam with an internal drainage combined manifold. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous improvement of mineral processing technology and processes, as well as the utilization of tailings, tailings particles are becoming increasingly fine. When the fine particles in the tailings reach a certain proportion, it becomes very difficult to pile them into dams, especially high dams. Compared to conventional tailings dam construction, fine-grained tailings dam construction presents the following challenges: 1. Low dam construction efficiency: Fine-grained tailings are characterized by high output and rapid ascent, leading to slow dam construction efficiency; 2. Slow consolidation speed: Fine-grained tailings have high viscosity, poor permeability, and difficulty in water drainage, resulting in slow consolidation; 3. Poor dam stability: Short dry beach length, small safety freeboard, and poor dam stability; 4. Weak resistance to flooding: Fine-grained tailings dams have a weaker ability to resist flooding; 5. Severe soil erosion: Fine-grained tailings dam construction leads to severe soil erosion, hindering mine greening; 6. Environmental pollution: Fine-grained tailings are highly susceptible to environmental impacts, easily generating dust in windy conditions, causing environmental pollution; 7. Encroachment on reservoir capacity: Fine-grained tailings dam construction generally requires the use of imported soil or gravel, reducing reservoir capacity.

[0003] Currently, there are many methods for constructing tailings dams both domestically and internationally, such as the upstream method with hydrocyclones, paste stockpiling, dry stockpiling, one-time dam construction, and geotextile bag dam construction. While the upstream method with hydrocyclones is simple in process, it requires a large amount of manpower and machinery, and its improvement on the stability of fine-grained tailings accumulation is limited. Paste stockpiling and dry stockpiling require significant costs to construct filter press workshops. The one-time dam construction method has excessively high initial infrastructure investment, and the geotextile bag dam construction method has poor anti-sliding stability. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a new dam construction method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for constructing dams using a combined internal drainage manifold. This method is simple to construct and utilizes waste tailings from ore tailings to build dams. It ensures the strength of the dam body while maximizing the use of space and increasing the capacity of the tailings dam. This method solves the problems of difficulty and high cost in constructing dams using fine-grained tailings.

[0005] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problem through the following technical solution:

[0006] This application provides a method for constructing a dam with built-in drainage manifolds, comprising the following steps: laying drainage manifolds in parallel according to the direction of the dam body, with multiple drainage manifolds arranged in a ring to form a loop frame; filling the interior of the drainage manifolds with tailings after swirling; after the drainage manifolds are filled, filling the interior of the loop frame with tailings; after all the tailings in the loop frame have solidified, laying new drainage manifolds above the laid drainage manifolds, and repeating the above steps to finally form a sub-dam.

[0007] In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of laying drainage manifolds includes: laying a plurality of drainage pipes, vertical drainage pipes and horizontal drainage pipes on the base layer of the dam body, one end of the horizontal drainage pipe being connected to the drainage pipe, the vertical drainage pipe being vertically arranged, and the lower end of the vertical drainage pipe being connected to the drainage pipe; setting welded wire mesh around the drainage pipe, and connecting adjacent welded wire meshes with spiral wire to form a ring-shaped drainage manifold; and setting one or more layers of geotextile along the welded wire mesh, wherein the geotextile is detachably connected to the welded wire mesh.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present invention, when laying horizontal and vertical drainage pipes, one or more layers of stainless steel mesh are laid on the outside of the drainage pipes.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, after laying the drainage pipe and the transverse drainage pipe, a reverse filter layer is laid on the drainage pipe and the transverse drainage pipe.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, when laying the welded wire mesh, four pieces of welded wire mesh are spliced ​​together to form a square structure, and the number of the above-mentioned vertical drainage pipes is four, which are respectively set at the four corners of the above-mentioned welded wire mesh.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, a hydrocyclone assembly is used to fill the interior of the spiral frame with high-concentration tailings after swirling.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, when laying the upper drainage manifold, the positions of the upper and lower drainage manifolds are staggered.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0014] This invention provides a method for constructing a dam with built-in drainage manifolds, comprising the following steps: laying drainage manifolds in parallel according to the dam body direction, with multiple drainage manifolds arranged in a ring to form a U-shaped frame. Using the drainage manifolds as basic units, modular assembly forms the dam body frame, facilitating construction and ensuring dam strength while improving flood resistance; filling the interior of the drainage manifolds with tailings after swirling, fully utilizing waste tailings resources, increasing the capacity of the tailings dam, and fully recycling waste resources; after filling the drainage manifolds, filling the U-shaped frame with tailings, forming a frame structure through the drainage manifolds, and then filling with tailings again to form the dam body, unaffected by various factors such as tailings dam type, tailings particle size, tailings properties, discharge method, and regional environment; after all the tailings in the aforementioned U-shaped frame have solidified, new drainage manifolds are laid along the top of the existing drainage manifolds, and the above steps are repeated, finally forming a sub-dam. The dam body constructed using the above method is suitable for constructing tailings dams, with good drainage, fast dam body consolidation speed, and high strength. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 A dam structure diagram provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 A sectional view of the drainage manifold provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 A perspective view of the drainage manifold provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a transverse drainage pipe provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the combined installation of the drainage manifold provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Icons: 1-Drainage manifold; 101-Drainage pipe; 102-Horizontal drainage pipe; 103-Vertical drainage pipe; 104-Welded wire mesh; 105-Spiral wire; 106-Geotextile; 107-Stainless steel mesh; 2-Filter layer. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0023] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 This embodiment provides a method for constructing a dam with a built-in drainage combined manifold, which includes the following steps:

[0026] Step 1: Lay drainage manifolds 1 side-by-side according to the dam's direction. Multiple drainage manifolds 1 are arranged in a ring to form a U-shaped frame. Preferably, the drainage manifolds 1 are square frame structures, with multiple drainage manifolds 1 arranged in a ring to form a U-shaped frame. These multiple U-shaped frames are arranged side-by-side to form the overall frame of the dam. Each drainage manifold 1 is relatively independent and can be transported and assembled separately. The drainage manifolds 1 can be laid arbitrarily according to design requirements; they can be laid along the dam axis, or perpendicular to the dam axis, or at a certain angle, facilitating dam construction under various complex natural conditions. Simultaneously, the multiple drainage manifolds 1 combine and support each other, ensuring the overall strength of the frame and the dam after construction.

[0027] Step 2: The drainage manifold 1 is filled with tailings after swirling. The drainage manifold 1 primarily serves to confine the tailings; its own supporting strength is not high. After the tailings with reduced moisture content by the hydrocyclone are filled into the drainage manifold 1, the manifold 1, together with the tailings inside, forms an integral block structure. Multiple drainage manifolds 1 are arranged to form a U-shaped frame, with a receiving pool at the center of the U-shaped frame, which can be used for filling or placing tailings.

[0028] Step 3: After filling the drainage manifold 1, fill the interior of the U-shaped frame with tailings. Since the drainage manifolds 1 are combined to form a U-shaped frame, a containment pool is formed inside the frame, providing support through the drainage manifolds 1. Therefore, the interior of the U-shaped frame can be filled with tailings of various specifications or moisture contents, without being limited by factors such as tailings dam type, tailings particle size, tailings properties, discharge method, or regional environment. Fine-grained tailings remaining after mineral processing can be used for dam construction. The combined manifold dam construction method provided in this embodiment is mainly used for constructing tailings dams, utilizing tailings waste as dam construction material, saving resources and costs. Simultaneously, the main function of the tailings dam is to stockpile tailings slag, primarily using existing waste materials for dam construction, making full use of space. After the dam body is formed, more tailings slag can be placed inside. The drainage manifold 1 treats waste materials while forming a solid dam body, eliminating the need for external soil or gravel for dam construction, maximizing the tailings dam capacity while ensuring dam safety.

[0029] Step 4: After all the tailings in the aforementioned U-shaped frame have solidified, new drainage manifolds 1 are laid above the existing ones, and the above steps are repeated to form a sub-dam. The drainage manifolds 1 themselves have a drainage function. When tailings with high water content are laid into the U-shaped frame, the water in the tailings is drawn down by gravity through the gaps and discharged through the outer drainage manifolds 1, thus reducing the water content in the tailings. When the water content in the tailings decreases to a certain level, the tailings within the U-shaped frame solidify to form a dam. At this point, the above steps are repeated at the top of the solidified U-shaped frame, laying multiple layers of drainage manifolds 1 to raise the dam body; alternatively, drainage manifolds 1 can be laid horizontally to increase the dam body thickness and ensure its strength, thereby forming a complete tailings dam.

[0030] The dam construction method with built-in drainage manifolds provided in this embodiment uses drainage manifold 1 as the basic unit, modularly assembling it to form the dam frame. Waste tailings are then used to fill the dam, ensuring dam strength while maximizing reservoir capacity. The modular drainage manifold 1 is easy to transport and install, and its installation location and quantity can be adjusted according to actual geographical conditions to form a suitable dam, making it highly practical.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3Based on Example 1, in step 1, the step of laying the drainage manifold 1 includes: laying several drainage pipes 101, vertical drainage pipes 103, and horizontal drainage pipes 102 on the dam body base layer. One end of the horizontal drainage pipe 102 is connected to the drainage pipe 101. The vertical drainage pipe 103 is vertically arranged, and the lower end of the vertical drainage pipe 103 is connected to the drainage pipe 101. Welded wire mesh 104 is arranged around the drainage pipes. Adjacent welded wire mesh 104 are connected by spiral wire 105 to form a ring-shaped drainage manifold 1. One or more layers of geotextile 106 are arranged along the welded wire mesh 104. The geotextile 106 is detachably connected to the welded wire mesh 104.

[0033] In this embodiment, the aforementioned drainage manifold 1 mainly includes a cylindrical structure formed by annular surrounding welded wire mesh 104, a drainage device consisting of a seepage pipe and a drainage pipe 101. Before laying the welded wire mesh 104, the drainage pipe 101 is laid at the foundation location where the dam body needs to be constructed. The drainage pipes 101 between two adjacent drainage manifolds 1 can be interconnected, and the outlet end of the drainage pipe 101 is connected to a designated drainage system. After the drainage pipe 101 is laid, a horizontal seepage pipe 102 and a vertical seepage pipe 103 are laid. The aforementioned horizontal seepage pipe 102 is laid directly against the ground, allowing seepage from the bottom. The aforementioned vertical seepage pipe 103 is vertically installed perpendicular to the ground, allowing seepage from the vertical direction. One or both ends of the horizontal seepage pipe 102 are connected to the drainage pipe 101, and the lower end of the aforementioned vertical seepage pipe 103 can be connected to the horizontal seepage pipe 102 or the drainage pipe 101. After the drainage pipes are laid, a ring of welded wire mesh 104 is installed around the vertical drainage pipes 103, and then a layer of geotextile 106 is laid on top of the welded wire mesh 104. Residual moisture in the tailings flows downwards through the gaps between the tailings under gravity into the bottom horizontal drainage pipes 102. Simultaneously, the vertical drainage pipes accelerate the drainage rate, ensuring the tailings quickly reduce their water content and improve consolidation speed. The simultaneous installation of drainage pipes 101, horizontal drainage pipes 102, and vertical drainage pipes 103 facilitates rapid drainage, increasing the dam's resistance to flooding, ensuring timely drainage, enhancing the dam's flood resistance, and guaranteeing its safety. The drainage manifold 1 is formed by enclosing welded wire mesh 104 and covering it with geotextile 106, a simple material. The welded wire mesh 104 is connected by spiral wire 105, facilitating operation. The welded wire mesh 104 combined with the geotextile 106 has high permeability. In addition to the rapid drainage and reduction of water content inside the drainage manifold 1, external liquids can also enter the drainage manifold 1 through the geotextile 106 and be discharged through the drainage pipe 101 via the vertical drainage pipe 103 or the horizontal drainage pipe 102. This rapidly reduces the water content of the loop frame and the entire dam body, accelerates the consolidation of tailings within the loop frame, and quickly forms a stable dam structure.

[0034] In some embodiments of this example, the geotextile 106 and the welded wire mesh 104 are detachably connected. During construction, different models or thicknesses of geotextile 106 can be selected according to the tailings of different particle sizes to increase permeability. The geotextile 106 is permeable and can also block tailings, acting as a filter to separate tailings from water. Before construction, geotextile 106 of appropriate thickness and specifications should be selected to avoid tailings loss and maximize the stability of the soil within the dam. It is understood that with the maturity of mineral processing technology, tailings are mostly fine-grained tailings with small particles. The serious loss of fine-grained tailings is not conducive to mine greening; at the same time, fine-grained tailings are greatly affected by the environment after drying, and are easily stirred up by dust in windy environments, which can easily cause environmental pollution. By using geotextile 106 in conjunction with horizontal drainage pipes 102 and vertical drainage pipes 103, the sand is fixed and drained, facilitating subsequent mine greening work and reducing environmental pollution.

[0035] Example 3

[0036] Please refer to Figure 4 In this embodiment, based on some of the above embodiments, when laying the horizontal drainage pipe 102 and the vertical drainage pipe 103, one or more layers of stainless steel mesh 107 are covered on the outside of the drainage pipe.

[0037] The aforementioned stainless steel mesh 107 is installed on the outer wall of the drainage pipe. On one hand, the stainless steel mesh 107 provides protection and support. When filling the drainage manifold 1 with tailings, the stainless steel mesh 107 protects the horizontal drainage pipe 102 and the vertical drainage pipe 103, preventing damage or collapse of the drainage pipes and ensuring effective drainage. The stainless steel mesh 107 also acts as a filter, separating the tailings from the drainage pipes to prevent tailings from clogging the seepage holes in the drainage pipes or entering the drainage pipe 101 and clogging it, thus ensuring effective drainage.

[0038] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this example, a reverse filter layer 2 is laid on the above-mentioned drainage pipe 101 and the above-mentioned transverse drainage pipe 102.

[0039] The aforementioned filter layer 2 is mainly composed of large-particle gravel and sand. It covers the transverse drainage pipe 102. Because the filter layer 2 is formed using large-particle gravel and sand, it creates large drainage gaps, forming a complete drainage layer. Water from the tailings above is quickly diverted to the transverse drainage pipe 102 through the filter layer 2. During installation, the vertical drainage pipe 103 can be directly installed on the filter layer 2 without connecting it to the transverse drainage pipe 102 or the drainage pipe 101 via pipes. The filter layer 2 indirectly forms the connection channel. Water in the vertical drainage pipe 103 flows directly into the filter layer 2 below, and then through the filter layer 2 into the transverse drainage pipe 102 for discharge. Reducing pipe connections simplifies the construction process. The vertical drainage pipe 103 can be installed at any location, with its lower end buried in the filter layer 2, making construction more flexible and convenient.

[0040] Example 4

[0041] Please refer to Figure 2 In this embodiment, based on some of the above embodiments, when laying the welded wire mesh 104, four welded wire meshes 104 are spliced ​​together to form a square structure. The number of the vertical drainage pipes 103 is four, which are respectively set at the four corners of the welded wire mesh 104.

[0042] In this embodiment, the aforementioned drainage manifold consists of four welded wire mesh 104 connected in pairs to form a square structure. The welded wire mesh 104 are connected by spiral wires 105 and can rotate freely among themselves. Therefore, welded wire mesh 104 of appropriate size can be pre-cut and connected by spiral wires 105. Since the interconnected welded wire mesh 104 can rotate among themselves, they can be folded and stored after installation for easy transportation. After transportation to the dam construction site, simply rotate the welded wire mesh 104 to unfold it into a square structure, connecting the lower end to the soil to complete the installation. This method is less affected by the environment and is convenient and quick to operate. The aforementioned vertical drainage pipes 103 are respectively set at the four corners of the welded wire mesh 104. The welded wire mesh 104 is connected to the vertical drainage pipes 103 by ring wires. The welded wire mesh 104 and the vertical drainage pipes 103 support each other, ensuring that the welded wire mesh 104 and the vertical drainage pipes 103 are in a vertical state.

[0043] In step 3, when filling the spiral frame, a hydrocyclone assembly is used to fill the interior of the spiral frame with high-concentration tailings after swirling. The overflow tailings after swirling are discharged into the dam body, and the tailings are classified and treated to make full use of the properties of different tailings.

[0044] Optionally, in other embodiments, when laying the upper drainage manifold 1, the positions of the upper and lower drainage manifold 1 are staggered. The upper and lower drainage manifold 1 overlap and are staggered to avoid gaps between the drainage manifold 1 affecting the strength of the dam body.

[0045] In summary, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for constructing a dam with built-in drainage manifolds, comprising the following steps: laying drainage manifolds 1 in parallel according to the dam body direction, with multiple drainage manifolds 1 arranged in a ring to form a loop frame. Using the drainage manifolds 1 as basic units, modular assembly forms the dam body frame, facilitating construction and ensuring dam strength while improving flood resistance; filling the interior of the drainage manifolds 1 with tailings after swirling, fully utilizing waste tailings resources, increasing the capacity of the tailings dam, and fully recycling waste resources; after filling the drainage manifolds 1, tailings are filled into the loop frame, forming a frame structure through the drainage manifolds 1, and then filling with tailings to form the dam body, unaffected by various factors such as tailings dam type, tailings particle size, tailings properties, discharge method, and regional environment; after all the tailings in the loop frame have solidified, new drainage manifolds 1 are laid along the top of the laid drainage manifolds 1, and the above steps are repeated, finally forming a sub-dam. The dam body completed by the above dam construction method is suitable for constructing tailings dams, with good drainage, fast dam body consolidation speed, and high strength.

[0046] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of building a dam with an internal drainage combined header, characterized by, The application relates to a tailings dam construction method. Step 1: laying drainage headers according to dam body direction, and arranging the drainage headers in a ring shape to form a frame; Step 1.1: laying a plurality of drainage pipes, vertical drainage pipes and horizontal drainage pipes on a dam body base layer, one end of the horizontal drainage pipes being communicated with the drainage pipes, the vertical drainage pipes being vertically arranged, and the lower ends of the vertical drainage pipes being communicated with the drainage pipes; Step 1.2: arranging electric welding nets around the drainage pipes, and connecting adjacent electric welding nets by using spiral iron wires to form ring-shaped drainage headers; Step 1.3: arranging one or more layers of geotextiles on the electric welding nets, and detachably connecting the geotextiles with the electric welding nets; Step 2: filling the inside of the drainage headers with cyclone tailings; Step 3: after the drainage headers are filled, filling the inside of the frame with tailings; Step 4: after the tailings in the frame are completely solidified, arranging new drainage headers above the laid drainage headers, and repeating the above steps to finally form a sub-dam.

2. The method of damming an inbuilt drainage combination header according to claim 1, wherein, When the horizontal drainage pipes and the vertical drainage pipes are laid, one or more layers of white steel nets are arranged outside the drainage pipes.

3. The method of damming an inbuilt drainage combination header tank according to claim 1, wherein, After the drainage pipes and the horizontal drainage pipes are laid, a filter layer is arranged on the drainage pipes and the horizontal drainage pipes.

4. The method of damming an inbuilt drainage combination header tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein, When the electric welding nets are laid, four electric welding nets are spliced to form a square structure, and the number of the vertical drainage pipes is four, which are arranged at four corners of the electric welding nets.

5. The method of damming an inbuilt drainage combination header tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein, In step 3, a cyclone group is used to fill the inside of the frame with cyclone high-concentration tailings.

6. The method of damming an inbuilt drainage combination header tank according to claim 1, wherein, In step 4, the upper and lower drainage headers are arranged in an interlaced mode.

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