A method for testing the fog resistance of a glass anti-fog agent

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of anti-fogging technology, specifically to a method for testing the fog resistance of glass anti-fogging agents. The method includes the following steps: placing a hot and cold environment chamber in a test environment; wherein the internal temperature of the hot and cold environment chamber is the same as the temperature of the test environment, the interior of the hot and cold environment chamber is equipped with a heat insulation film layer, and the interior of the hot and cold environment chamber is treated with anti-fogging measures; the side of the windshield test piece coated with the anti-fogging agent on the opening of the hot and cold environment chamber is exposed to the test environment; and the internal temperature of the hot and cold environment chamber is sequentially adjusted to perform hot and cold cycles to test the fog resistance of the anti-fogging agent. The purpose of this method for testing the fog resistance of glass anti-fogging agents is to solve the problem of low accuracy in existing testing methods under hot and cold cycling conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of anti-fogging technology, and more specifically to a method for testing the fog resistance of glass anti-fogging agents. Background Technology

[0002] During flight, changes in altitude and external climate create significant temperature differences between the inside and outside of the aircraft. Windshields, made of polymer materials, are hydrophobic. When the surface temperature of the windshield drops below its dew point, water vapor in the air forms tiny droplets on its surface, obscuring the view and causing fogging—the condensation of water vapor onto the transparent glass surface. This fogging impairs the pilot's visibility and thus affects aircraft safety. To prevent windshield fogging, anti-fogging agents are widely used.

[0003] Antifog agents are low-molecular-weight dispersants containing hydrophilic groups. They are composed of molecules with a defined molecular weight. When applied to the surface of a transparent object, they form a coating. The hydrophilic groups in the coating can adsorb water molecules in the air, wetting and spreading on the surface of the transparent object to form a water film (rather than water droplets). This prevents light passing through the object from being scattered and avoids fogging.

[0004] Current technologies primarily employ cold fogging, rapid hot fogging, or water bath hot fogging methods to test the fog resistance of antifogging agents. These methods test antifogging resistance under constant temperature conditions. However, during takeoff and landing, the temperature of aircraft fluctuates constantly with altitude, placing the antifogging agent on the windshield surface under continuously changing hot and cold environmental conditions. Therefore, using existing testing methods would result in inaccurate fog resistance tests.

[0005] Therefore, the inventors have provided a method for testing the fog resistance of glass antifog agents. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (1) Technical problems to be solved

[0007] This invention provides a method for testing the fog resistance of glass antifog agents, which solves the technical problem of low testing accuracy of existing testing methods under thermal cycling environments.

[0008] (2) Technical solution

[0009] This invention provides a method for testing the fog resistance of a glass anti-fogging agent, comprising the following steps:

[0010] A hot and cold environment chamber is placed in a test environment; wherein, the internal temperature of the hot and cold environment chamber is the same as the temperature of the test environment, the interior of the hot and cold environment chamber is provided with a heat insulation film layer, the interior of the hot and cold environment chamber is treated with anti-fogging, and the side of the windshield test piece on the opening of the hot and cold environment chamber coated with anti-fogging agent faces the test environment.

[0011] The internal temperature of the hot and cold environment chamber was adjusted sequentially to perform hot and cold cycles in order to test the anti-fogging agent's fog resistance.

[0012] Furthermore, the temperature of the test environment was 23±2℃, and the relative humidity was 50%~60%.

[0013] Furthermore, the hot and cold environment chamber is dehydrated to remove moisture from the chamber.

[0014] Furthermore, the windshield test piece is cleaned before the anti-fog agent is applied to it.

[0015] Furthermore, the cleaning process for the windshield test piece specifically includes:

[0016] After cleaning the surface with soapy water, rinse it with deionized water and then blow-dry it.

[0017] Furthermore, the enclosure of the hot and cold environment chamber is a laminated glass structure, and the interior of the laminated glass structure is provided with a heat insulation film layer.

[0018] Furthermore, the heat insulation film layer is made of functional materials, which include the following substances in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of heat insulation material, 0.5-3 parts of composite material, 0.01-0.5 parts of dispersant, 0.5-5 parts of plasticizer, and 70-85 parts of thermoplastic resin.

[0019] Furthermore, the method for preparing the composite material includes the following steps:

[0020] A. Place the graphene oxide dispersion and the amino silica gel dispersion into the reaction vessel and mix them evenly;

[0021] B. The mixture obtained in step A is subjected to a hydrothermal reaction and then dehydrated and purified.

[0022] C. Calcine the purified material from step B to obtain the composite material.

[0023] Furthermore, the concentration of the graphene oxide dispersion is 0.1–2 mg / mL, and the concentration of the amino silica gel dispersion is 10–40 mg / mL.

[0024] Furthermore, the calcination temperature is 940–1000℃, and the calcination time is 0.5–1.5 h.

[0025] (3) Beneficial effects

[0026] In summary, this invention improves the thermal insulation performance of the hot and cold environment chamber by using a thermal insulation film layer with low thermal conductivity. This prevents heat transfer between the external environment and the interior of the chamber, avoiding temperature instability and fluctuations inside the chamber caused by heat transfer after cooling or heating to the required temperature. This prevents the anti-fogging agent from affecting the test results. Furthermore, it enables the selection of anti-fogging agents suitable for aviation environments with higher requirements for fog resistance, resulting in more reliable test results. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for testing the fog resistance of an anti-fogging agent according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a testing device for the fog resistance of an anti-fogging agent provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hot and cold environment chamber in a testing device for the fog resistance of an anti-fogging agent provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] In the picture:

[0032] 1-Hot and cold environment chamber; 2-Windshield test piece. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are used to illustrate the principles of the present invention by way of example, but should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention. That is, the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments, and any modifications, substitutions and improvements to the parts, components and connection methods are covered without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0035] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. They are only used to facilitate the description of this invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0036] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set" and "install" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for testing the fog resistance of a glass anti-fogging agent according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the method may include the following steps:

[0038] S100. Place the hot and cold environment chamber in the test environment; wherein, the internal temperature of the hot and cold environment chamber is the same as the temperature of the test environment, the inside of the hot and cold environment chamber is equipped with a heat insulation film layer, the inside of the hot and cold environment chamber is treated with anti-fogging, and the side of the windshield test piece on the opening of the hot and cold environment chamber coated with anti-fogging agent faces the test environment.

[0039] S200: The internal temperature of the hot and cold environment chamber is adjusted sequentially to perform hot and cold cycles in order to test the anti-fogging agent's resistance to fogging.

[0040] In the above embodiment, in step S100, the test environment can be, for example, a closed room. The temperature of the test environment can be controlled, for example, by an air conditioner, and the humidity can be provided, for example, by an atomizer. The air conditioner is, for example, model GCHV-V112WA-B, and the atomizer is, for example, model MSPH-90. The temperature and humidity are measured by a temperature and humidity sensor, which can be model HD-WSD. When the windshield test piece is not installed, the opening of the hot and cold environment chamber is open. After maintaining the temperature and humidity in the test environment consistent with those in the test environment for 6 to 48 hours, the windshield test piece is installed. Before installing the windshield test piece, the inside of the hot and cold environment chamber needs to be defogging treated. The temperature and humidity inside the hot and cold environment chamber are measured by a temperature and humidity sensor, and the model used is the same as that in the test environment.

[0041] Among them, such as Figure 2 As shown, the windshield test piece 2 is installed at the opening of the hot and cold environment chamber 1. Its shape and size are selected according to the specific shape and size of the hot and cold environment chamber 1, specifically (5~10mm)*(100~200mm)*(100~200mm).

[0042] In step S200, the temperature of the hot and cold environment chamber is adjusted to -10 to 0℃ and maintained for 0.5 to 3 hours. Then, the temperature of the hot and cold environment chamber is adjusted to 30 to 70℃ and maintained for 0.5 to 3 hours. Then, the temperature of the hot and cold environment chamber is adjusted to the same as the test environment and maintained for 0.5 to 3 hours, constituting one cycle. This tests the anti-fogging performance of the anti-fogging agent. The temperature of the hot and cold environment chamber is adjusted to -10 to 0℃, for example, it can be any temperature among -10℃, -8℃, -6℃, -5℃, -3℃, and 0℃. The temperature of the hot and cold environment chamber is 30-70℃, for example, any temperature among 30℃, 35℃, 40℃, 45℃, 50℃, 55℃, 60℃, 65℃, and 70℃. After adjusting the temperature of the hot and cold environment chamber, it is maintained for 0.5-3 hours, for example, any time among 0.5h, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, and 3h. The temperature and time control of the hot and cold environment chamber can be used to test the fog resistance of the anti-fogging agent when the flight equipment is in different aviation environments.

[0043] When testing the anti-fogging properties of the anti-fogging agent, the temperature can be lowered to -10℃ and maintained for 0.5h, then raised to 70℃ and maintained for 0.5h, and then lowered to the same temperature as the test environment and maintained for 0.5h, which is one cycle. The corresponding anti-fogging level of the windshield test piece surface can be tested. When testing whether there is fog, the standard logarithmic near vision chart in Appendix B of GB11533-2011[2] can be installed in the hot and cold environment chamber. The windshield test piece and the vision chart are set in parallel. The vision chart can be read through the windshield test piece. The center of the windshield test piece is aligned with the 0.1 center line of the vision chart. After each cycle, the surface of the windshield test piece is observed perpendicularly to the windshield test piece under natural light or 40w fluorescent light. The observation is completed within 5s.

[0044] When testing the contact heat transfer time of the hot and cold environment chamber, the experiment was conducted according to the ISO 12127-1:2007 standard. The internal temperature of the hot and cold environment chamber was controlled at 30°C, and the chamber underwent dehydration treatment. The external temperature of the chamber was 30°C, and the relative humidity was 50%. The time it took for the temperature at the same point inside the chamber to drop to 23°C was measured.

[0045] During testing, the contact heat transfer time of a hot and cold environment chamber made with a composite material insulation film layer after being placed for one month was 21 seconds; while the contact heat transfer time of a hot and cold environment chamber made without a composite material insulation film layer after being placed for one month was 46 seconds; and the contact heat transfer time of a hot and cold environment chamber made of ordinary laminated glass was 73 seconds, which greatly reduced the contact heat transfer time. Therefore, it can be seen that the hot and cold environment chamber with a composite material insulation film layer has better heat insulation and heat insulation stability.

[0046] Thermal conductivity test: The thermal conductivity test shall be conducted in accordance with the GBT5990-2006 standard.

[0047] The thermal conductivity of the insulation film with added composite material after one month of storage can be as low as 0.03 W / m·K, while the thermal conductivity of the insulation film without added composite material after one month of storage is 0.45 W / m·K as determined by experiments. This shows that the addition of composite material can promote the stability of the insulation film, so that the prepared insulation film still has a lower thermal conductivity after one month of storage.

[0048] Meanwhile, compared to existing testing methods that can only measure the anti-fogging effect once and cannot characterize the actual state of flight equipment, the cyclic testing method of this invention can more effectively represent the anti-fogging effect of the anti-fogging agent and is more in line with the actual usage conditions.

[0049] As an optional implementation method, the temperature of the test environment is 23±2℃ and the relative humidity of the air is 50%~60%.

[0050] Specifically, the relative humidity can be one of 50%, 52%, 54%, 56%, 58%, and 60%, and more preferably, the relative humidity is 55% to 60%.

[0051] As an optional implementation, the hot and cold environment chamber is dehydrated to remove moisture from its interior. This dehydration process prevents fogging inside the chamber, which could affect the testing performance of the anti-fogging agent.

[0052] As an optional implementation, the windshield test piece is cleaned before applying the anti-fogging agent. Specifically, the surface is cleaned with a 1% soap solution, then rinsed with deionized water and dried. After placing the cleaned windshield test piece in the test environment for 1–10 hours, the anti-fogging agent is applied to its surface. The application must be uniform, and the thickness of the anti-fogging agent coating can be 3–10 mm.

[0053] As an optional implementation, the enclosure of the hot and cold environment chamber is a laminated glass structure, with an internal heat-insulating film layer. For details, please refer to... Figure 3 The chamber of the hot and cold environment chamber 1 is a partial structure of a laminated glass structure, meaning that the heat insulation film is sandwiched between two glass structures. The thermal conductivity of the heat insulation film is 0.02–0.3 W / m·K; preferably, it is 0.02–0.3 W / m·K. However, the thermal conductivity of the heat insulation film can be 0.02 W / m·K, 0.04 W / m·K, 0.06 W / m·K, 0.08 W / m·K, 0.1 W / m·K, 0.12 W / m·K, 0.14 W / m·K, 0.16 W / m·K, 0.18 W / m·K, 0.2 W / m·K, 0.22 W / m·K, 0.24 W / m·K, 0.26 W / m·K, 0.28 W / m·K, or 0.29 W / m·K. The thermal conductivity of the insulation film layer is one of K and 0.3 W / m·K. More preferably, the thermal conductivity of the insulation film layer is 0.02 to 0.15 W / m·K. The low thermal conductivity of the insulation film layer improves the thermal insulation performance of the hot and cold environment chamber, thereby preventing heat transfer between the outside and the inside of the hot and cold environment chamber. This avoids the phenomenon of unstable temperature fluctuation inside the hot and cold environment chamber due to heat transfer between the inside and outside of the chamber after cooling or heating to the required temperature, which would affect the test results of the anti-fogging agent's fog resistance. In addition, the low thermal conductivity of the insulation film layer can also improve the cooling or heating efficiency inside the hot and cold environment chamber.

[0054] As an optional implementation, the heat insulation film layer is made of functional materials, which include the following substances in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of heat insulation material, 0.5-3 parts of composite material, 0.01-0.5 parts of dispersant, 0.5-5 parts of plasticizer, and 70-85 parts of thermoplastic resin.

[0055] Specifically, the composite material is preferably 0.5 to 3 parts, and the composite material can be one of 0.5 parts, 1 part, 1.5 parts, 2 parts, 2.5 parts, and 3 parts. More preferably, the composite material can be 2 to 3 parts. The thermal insulation material is preferably 10 to 30 parts, and the thermal insulation material can be one of 10 parts, 12 parts, 14 parts, 16 parts, 18 parts, 20 parts, 22 parts, 24 parts, 26 parts, 28 parts, and 30 parts. More preferably, the thermal insulation material is 15 to 25 parts. The dispersant can be, for example, at least one of toluene, xylene, cyclohexane, etc., and the plasticizer can be, for example, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol monophosphate, etc. The resin may be at least one of the following: di-2-ethylhexanoate, dibutyl sebacate, ethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,3-propanediol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,4-butanediol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, dihexyl adipate, oil-modified sebacate, tributoxyethyl phosphate, triisopropyl phosphate, dihexyl adipate, and triethylene glycol di-heptanoate. The thermoplastic resin may be at least one of the following: polyvinyl alcohol acetal resin, polyethylene terephthalate resin, polybutylene terephthalate resin, polyacetal resin, modified polyphenylene ether resin, and polyphenylene sulfide resin.

[0056] The composite material is a mixture of silicone and graphene-encapsulated silicone. The silicone treated with this invention is non-absorbent and expands or contracts with temperature changes, promoting the movement of molecules within the insulation material. This prevents incompatibility with other substances, which could lead to sedimentation and affect the insulation performance. Furthermore, when the silicone expands, the graphene encapsulating it detaches from the surface. During silicone contraction or expansion, the graphene moves, entering the pores of the hollow SiO2 nanofibers and reducing the pore size between them. The smaller the pores between fibers, the greater the restriction on the movement of gas molecules, resulting in lower gas thermal conductivity. Furthermore, because graphene is located inside hollow SiO2 nanofibers, the presence of graphene increases the pathways and obstacles for heat transfer, thus reducing the thermal conductivity of the solid. Additionally, the increased obstacles cause multiple reflections and refractions of infrared radiation at the interface, further reducing radiative heat transfer. This improves the thermal insulation performance of the insulating film. Moreover, graphene's conductivity prevents static electricity buildup in the insulating film, thus avoiding potential hazards. The silica gel in the composite material consists of dehydrated and modified spherical silica gel particles with a diameter of 2–3 mm and a density controlled at 1–2 g / cm³. 3 .

[0057] The thermal insulation material includes titanium dioxide and hollow SiO2 nanofibers, and the mass ratio of hollow SiO2 nanofibers to titanium dioxide is 1:0.1 to 0.8; the mass ratio of hollow SiO2 nanofibers to titanium dioxide can be one of 1:0.1, 1:0.2, 1:0.3, 1:0.4, 1:0.5, 1:0.6, 1:0.7, and 1:0.8.

[0058] Further preferably, the mass ratio of hollow SiO2 nanofibers to titanium dioxide is 1:0.4 to 0.8. Hollow SiO2 nanofibers have low gas thermal conductivity and solid thermal conductivity, but relatively high radiative thermal conductivity, which reduces the thermal insulation performance of the insulation film. Titanium dioxide has a high refractive index, resulting in high solid thermal conductivity. When the mass ratio of hollow SiO2 nanofibers to titanium dioxide is greater than 1:0.1, it will lead to high radiative thermal conductivity and poor thermal insulation. However, when the mass ratio of hollow SiO2 nanofibers to titanium dioxide is less than 1:0.8, it will lead to high solid thermal conductivity, which will affect the thermal insulation of the hot and cold environment chamber.

[0059] As a further improvement, the titanium dioxide is at least one of rutile, anatase, and plate titanium dioxide.

[0060] As a further improvement, the diameter of the hollow SiO2 nanofibers is 30–100 nm, preferably 30–100 nm. The diameter of the hollow SiO2 nanofibers can be one of 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, 60 nm, 70 nm, 80 nm, 90 nm, or 100 nm. More preferably, the diameter of the hollow SiO2 nanofibers is 30–40 nm. The smaller the diameter of the hollow SiO2 nanofibers, the smaller the pore size between them, which greatly restricts the movement of gas molecules, resulting in lower gas thermal conductivity. Simultaneously, a smaller fiber diameter increases the number of contact points between fibers, making the heat transfer path more tortuous and increasing the number of interfacial barriers encountered, further reducing solid-state thermal conductivity.

[0061] As an optional implementation method, the preparation method of the composite material includes the following steps:

[0062] A. Place the graphene oxide dispersion and the amino silica gel dispersion into the reaction vessel and mix them evenly;

[0063] B. The mixture obtained in step A is subjected to a hydrothermal reaction and then dehydrated and purified.

[0064] C. Calcine the purified material from step B to obtain the composite material.

[0065] The calcination temperature is 940-1000℃ and the calcination time is 0.5-1.5h. Calcination in the calcination furnace can make the dehydrated silica gel lose its water absorption properties. When the temperature of the environment in which the silica gel is located changes, the silica gel will expand or contract, causing the silica gel to carry other substances to move, preventing incompatible substances from settling and affecting the thermal insulation performance of the product.

[0066] As an optional implementation, the concentration of the graphene oxide dispersion is 0.1–2 mg / mL, and the concentration of the amino silica gel dispersion is 10–40 mg / mL.

[0067] Specifically, the concentration of the graphene oxide dispersion can be one of 0.1 mg / mL, 0.3 mg / mL, 0.5 mg / mL, 0.8 mg / mL, 1 mg / mL, 1.1 mg / mL, 1.5 mg / mL, 1.8 mg / mL, or 2 mg / mL.

[0068] More preferably, the concentration of the graphene oxide dispersion is 0.5–1 mg / mL, and the concentration of the amino silica gel dispersion can be one of 10 mg / mL, 13 mg / mL, 16 mg / mL, 19 mg / mL, 21 mg / mL, 25 mg / mL, 28 mg / mL, 30 mg / mL, 32 mg / mL, 36 mg / mL, 38 mg / mL, or 40 mg / mL.

[0069] Further preferably, the concentration of the amino silica gel dispersion is 20-30 mg / mL. The concentration settings of the graphene oxide dispersion and the amino silica gel dispersion allow the graphene oxide in the graphene oxide dispersion to fully encapsulate the silica gel, preventing excess graphene oxide, and requiring multiple removals of the graphene oxide.

[0070] Example 1

[0071] A method for testing the fog resistance of a glass anti-fogging agent, specifically including the following operating procedures:

[0072] The hot and cold environment chamber 1 is placed in the test environment. The temperature in the test environment is 23℃ and the relative humidity of the air is 50%. The temperature inside the hot and cold environment chamber 1 is 23℃. The hot and cold environment chamber 1 is dehydrated. The windshield test piece 2 installed on the opening of the hot and cold environment chamber 1 is cleaned and coated with anti-fogging agent A. The side of the windshield test piece 2 coated with anti-fogging agent A is in the test environment. The size of the hot and cold environment chamber is 300*350*350 (mm). At this time, the standard logarithmic near vision chart in Appendix B of GB11533-2011[2] is installed in the hot and cold environment chamber 1. The windshield test piece 2 and the vision chart are kept parallel. The vision chart can be read through the windshield test piece 2. The center of the windshield test piece 2 is aligned with the 0.1 center line of the vision chart.

[0073] The temperature inside the hot and cold environment chamber 1 is adjusted from 23℃ to -10℃ and held for 0.5 hours. Then, the temperature is raised to 70℃ and held for 0.5 hours. Then, the temperature is lowered to 23℃ and held for 0.5 hours. This constitutes one cycle. After the cycle, the surface of the windshield test piece 2 is observed under natural light or a 40W fluorescent lamp, perpendicular to the windshield test piece 2. The observation is completed within 5 seconds, and the anti-fogging rating of anti-fogging agent A is measured.

[0074] Among them, the windshield test piece 2 is cleaned: the surface is cleaned with 1% soapy water, then rinsed with deionized water, and then the surface is dried by using compressed air. The size of the windshield test piece 2 is 7*140*140 (mm).

[0075] After cleaning the windshield test piece 2 and placing it in the test environment for 6 hours, apply anti-fogging agent A to the surface of the windshield test piece 2 with a coating thickness of 4 mm. Before applying anti-fogging agent A, visually observe whether there is any layering on the surface of the anti-fogging agent A product. Pour the product into a wide-mouthed glass beaker or similar container, stir it evenly with a scraper, let it stand for 10 minutes, and observe the appearance of the product from directly above the container and through the container wall. If there are no impurities, suspended matter or lumps, it can be used as anti-fogging agent A.

[0076] Antifogging agent A is selected from Dongyang Gexing E-commerce Co., Ltd., product number 3234;

[0077] The internal components of the hot and cold environment chamber 1 are dehydrated using a dehydrator, for example, a DN-500 machine manufactured by Dongguan Qilong Grinding Machinery Co., Ltd.

[0078] When evaluating the anti-fog performance, the anti-fog performance level and its description were determined with reference to the description of the anti-fog performance level in GB / T16719-2008 "Biaxially oriented polystyrene (BOPS) sheets" [3] 6.6. The test results were characterized by the level with the highest frequency in the total number of tests, and were divided into 5 judgment levels.

[0079] Level 1: Completely transparent, no water droplets. The clarity of the visual acuity chart is exactly the same as before the test.

[0080] Grade 2: Good transparency, with a few unevenly distributed large water droplets. The clarity of more than 50% of the visual acuity chart is completely consistent with that before the test.

[0081] Level 3: Mostly transparent, with many water droplets. The font on the eye chart is distorted.

[0082] Level 4: Semi-transparent with many small water droplets. Slightly visible on visual acuity charts below 0.1.

[0083] Level 5: Completely opaque; the eye chart is completely illegible.

[0084] Example 2

[0085] A method for testing the fog resistance of a glass antifog agent has basically the same test conditions as in Example 1, except that:

[0086] The temperature inside the hot and cold environment chamber 1 is adjusted from 23℃ to -5℃ and held for 2 hours. Then the temperature is raised to 60℃ and held for 2 hours. Then the temperature is lowered to 23℃ and held for 2 hours. This is one cycle.

[0087] Antifogging agent B is selected; antifogging agent B is manufactured by Shandong Weiyue Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., and its product number is 01.

[0088] Comparative Example 1 (Cold anti-fog method)

[0089] (1) Pour 200 mL of Grade III water at 3℃ that meets the requirements of GB / T6682-2008 into a flat-mouthed beaker;

[0090] (2) Fix the sample coated with anti-fogging agent A with double-sided tape or rubber band, and place the anti-fogging test surface face up to the mouth of the beaker. The test area should be flat.

[0091] (3) Place the flat-mouthed beaker with the sample fixed in a low-temperature constant temperature box or refrigerator at a temperature of 1℃ and start timing;

[0092] (4) After 5 minutes, take out the beaker containing the sample and place it on the standard logarithmic near vision chart in Appendix B of GB11533-2011. Align the center of the bottom of the beaker with the 0.1 center line of the vision chart. Under natural light or a 40W fluorescent lamp, observe the surface of the film sample from top to bottom perpendicular to the bottom of the beaker. The observation is completed within 5 seconds. Test the anti-fogging level of the anti-fogging agent on the film sample.

[0093] Antifog agent A is selected from Dongyang Gexing E-commerce Co., Ltd., product number 3234.

[0094] Comparative Example 2 (Cold anti-fog method)

[0095] The test method is the same as that of Comparative Example 1, except that the anti-fogging agent applied to the sample is anti-fogging agent B; anti-fogging agent B is selected from Shandong Weiyue Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., with product number 01.

[0096] Comparative Example 3 (Rapid thermal fogging method)

[0097] (1) Place the flat-mouthed beaker on the standard logarithmic near vision chart in Appendix B of GB11533-2011, align the center of the bottom of the beaker with the 0.1 center line of the vision chart, and pour in 200 mL of Grade III water at 85℃ that meets the requirements of GB / T6682-2008.

[0098] (2) Quickly fix the sample coated with anti-fogging agent A with double-sided tape or rubber band, so that the anti-fogging performance test surface is upside down on the mouth of the beaker. The test area should be flat. Start timing at this time.

[0099] (3) The total time for completing the sample fixation in steps 1 and 2 shall not exceed 20 seconds;

[0100] (4) After 60 seconds, observe the surface of the film sample from top to bottom under natural light or a 40W fluorescent lamp, perpendicular to the bottom of the beaker. The observation is completed within 5 seconds. Test the anti-fogging level of the anti-fogging agent on the film sample.

[0101] Antifog agent A is selected from Dongyang Gexing E-commerce Co., Ltd., product number 3234.

[0102] Comparative Example 4 (Rapid thermal fogging method)

[0103] The test method is the same as that of Comparative Example 3, except that the anti-fogging agent applied to the sample is anti-fogging agent B; anti-fogging agent B is selected from Shandong Weiyue Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., with product number 01.

[0104] Comparative Example 5 (Water bath hot mist method)

[0105] (1) Add tap water to the water tank, and fix the standard logarithmic near vision chart in Appendix B of GB11533-2011 to the floor of the water bath after waterproofing. The vision chart can be seen in the water with the same clarity as in the natural state.

[0106] (2) Pour 195 mL of Grade III water at 23℃ that meets the requirements of GB / T6682-2008 into a flat-mouthed beaker;

[0107] (3) Fix the sample with double-sided tape or rubber band, and place the anti-fogging performance test surface upside down on the mouth of the beaker. The test area should be flat.

[0108] (4) Place the flat-mouthed beaker of the sample coated with anti-fogging agent A in a constant temperature water bath at 60°C, so that the bottom of the beaker is submerged in the water bath by 50 mm, and start timing.

[0109] (5) After 15 minutes, observe the surface of the film sample from top to bottom under natural light or a 40W fluorescent lamp, perpendicular to the bottom of the beaker. The observation is completed within 5 seconds. Test the anti-fogging level of the anti-fogging agent on the film sample.

[0110] Antifog agent A is selected from Dongyang Gexing E-commerce Co., Ltd., product number 3234.

[0111] Comparative Example 6 (Water bath hot mist method)

[0112] The test method is the same as that of Comparative Example 5, except that the anti-fogging agent applied to the sample is anti-fogging agent B; anti-fogging agent B is selected from Shandong Weiyue Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., with product number 01.

[0113] The test data on anti-fogging properties measured for Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-6 are shown in Table 1.

[0114] Table 1 Comparison of Anti-fog Levels

[0115] Serial Number Anti-fog rating Example 1 3 Example 2 1 Comparative Example 1 1 Comparative Example 2 1 Comparative Example 3 1 Comparative Example 4 1 Comparative Example 5 1 Comparative Example 6 1

[0116] As shown in Table 1, when testing antifog agent A, the results obtained using the existing testing methods all indicate that it achieved a good antifog effect of level 1. However, under the testing method provided by this invention, which simulates the flight environment of flight equipment, its antifog level can only be identified as level 3. It can be seen that the testing method of this invention can screen out antifog agents that are more suitable for use in the flight environment of flight equipment, and has higher accuracy compared with the existing testing methods.

[0117] When testing antifog agent B, the results obtained using the existing testing methods show that it can achieve a good antifog effect of level 1. The antifog level obtained using the testing method provided by this invention is the same. It can be seen that the actual antifog effect of the antifog agent can meet the requirements of flight equipment in flight environment. Whether using the testing method of this invention or the existing testing methods, the results can be matched.

[0118] In summary, compared with existing testing methods, the testing method provided by this invention can screen out antifogging agents that are suitable for aviation environments with higher requirements for fog resistance, and the test results have higher reliability.

[0119] Regarding the thermal conductivity of the insulation film and the insulation performance of the hot and cold environment chamber 1, the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0120] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. The present invention is not limited to the specific steps and structures described above and shown in the figures. Furthermore, for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of known methods and techniques are omitted here.

[0121] The above are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A method for testing the fog resistance of a glass anti-fogging agent, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: A hot and cold environment chamber is placed in a test environment; wherein, the internal temperature of the hot and cold environment chamber is the same as the temperature of the test environment, the interior of the hot and cold environment chamber is provided with a heat insulation film layer, the interior of the hot and cold environment chamber is treated with anti-fogging, and the side of the windshield test piece on the opening of the hot and cold environment chamber coated with anti-fogging agent faces the test environment. The internal temperature of the hot and cold environment chamber was adjusted sequentially to perform hot and cold cycles in order to test the anti-fogging agent's fog resistance. The enclosure of the hot and cold environment chamber is a laminated glass structure, and the interior of the laminated glass structure is provided with a heat insulation film layer. The heat insulation film layer is made of functional materials, which include the following substances in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of heat insulation material, 0.5-3 parts of composite material, 0.01-0.5 parts of dispersant, 0.5-5 parts of plasticizer, and 70-85 parts of thermoplastic resin; the heat insulation material includes titanium dioxide and hollow SiO2 nanofibers, and the mass ratio of the hollow SiO2 nanofibers to the titanium dioxide is 1:0.1-0.8, and the diameter of the hollow SiO2 nanofibers is 30-100 nm; The composite material is a mixture of silica gel and graphene-encapsulated silica gel. The silica gel consists of spherical silica gel particles that have undergone dehydration and modification treatment, with a diameter of 2-3 mm and a density controlled at 1-2 g / cm³. 3 ; The preparation method of the composite material includes the following steps: A. Place the graphene oxide dispersion and the amino silica gel dispersion into the reaction vessel and mix them evenly; B. The mixture obtained in step A is subjected to a hydrothermal reaction and then dehydrated and purified. C. Calcine the purified material from step B to obtain the composite material; The concentration of the graphene oxide dispersion is 0.1–2 mg / mL, and the concentration of the amino silica gel dispersion is 10–40 mg / mL.

2. The method for testing the fog resistance of the glass anti-fogging agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature of the test environment was 23±2℃, and the relative humidity of the air was 50%~60%.

3. The method for testing the fog resistance of the glass anti-fogging agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hot and cold environment chamber is dehydrated to remove moisture from the chamber.

4. The method for testing the fog resistance of the glass anti-fogging agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before applying the anti-fog agent to the windshield test piece, the windshield test piece is cleaned.

5. The method for testing the fog resistance of the glass anti-fogging agent according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cleaning process for the windshield test piece specifically involves: After cleaning the surface with soapy water, rinse it with deionized water and then blow-dry it.

6. The method for testing the fog resistance of the glass anti-fogging agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calcination temperature is 940–1000℃, and the calcination time is 0.5–1.5 h.

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