Building Flexible Adjustment System and Method Based on Thermoelectric-Optic Coupled Smart Windows

Abstract

The present invention discloses a building flexible adjustment system and method based on thermoelectric-optical coupling smart windows. The system includes a thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window, an environmental parameter monitoring module, an adjustment control module, a louver rotation control module, an electrochromic glass control module, lighting equipment, and a DC air conditioner. The method steps are: 1) monitoring the current environmental parameters of the indoor environment where the thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window is located and transmitting them to the adjustment control module; 2) adjusting the temperature and illuminance. The present invention realizes an innovative integrated structure of a new thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window with multiple active and passive adjustments and deep energy saving, comprehensively improving the adjustability and flexibility of the smart window's photothermal performance, constructing an environmental parameter sensing and control strategy of "thermochromic passive as the main, electrochromic active as the auxiliary, and coordinated optimization of lighting and air conditioning equipment" to create a comfortable indoor living environment; and constructing a demand response control strategy of "supply-oriented, load-following source change" to achieve both energy saving and economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of architecture, and in particular to a building flexible adjustment system and method based on thermoelectric-optical coupling intelligent windows. Background Art

[0002] A smart window is a dimming intelligent device composed of a base material such as glass or other transparent materials and a dimming material. Under certain physical conditions (such as light, electric field, and temperature), it can undergo coloring or fading reactions, changing its own color state, thereby selectively absorbing or reflecting external thermal radiation and preventing internal heat diffusion, regulating the intensity of light and heat entering the room from the outdoors, and achieving energy-saving benefits while improving the indoor light and heat environment.

[0003] Thermochromic smart windows regulate light and heat completely passively, and changes in their light and heat properties are highly dependent on environmental regulation and climate conditions. Electrochromic smart windows require electrical power to alter their light and heat properties, and their light and heat performance regulation relies on active human control strategies. Different control strategies have significant variations in energy-saving and environmental impact, but current research on electrochromic control methods is still incomplete. Improper control can lead to unnecessary lighting and electricity consumption. Since thermochromic and electrochromic glass each have their own strengths and weaknesses, combining the two may complement each other and yield better overall benefits. However, research and optimization of their integrated effects are currently lacking. Furthermore, semi-transparent photovoltaic cells can simultaneously generate electricity and transmit light, and therefore have great development prospects in the field of building curtain walls. The production capacity of transparent photovoltaics can be used as a source of electricity to drive changes in electrochromic properties, but current research on the integration of the two is still at the conceptual level of circuit connection. There is little consideration of the matching of transparent photovoltaic production capacity with the energy consumption characteristics of electrochromic glass and indoor energy-consuming equipment. There is also little consideration of the impact of changes in thermochromic and electrochromic photothermal properties on the indoor photothermal environment and human comfort.

[0004] There have been studies on combining semi-transparent photovoltaics with thermochromic glass. However, most of these studies have the following shortcomings: they only consider improving power generation without optimizing indoor solar thermal performance, and they ignore the impact of the electrochromic coloration state on the indoor thermal environment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a building flexible adjustment system based on thermoelectric-optical coupling smart windows, including thermoelectric-optical coupling smart windows, environmental parameter monitoring modules, adjustment control modules, louver rotation control modules, electrochromic glass control modules, lighting equipment, and DC air conditioners.

[0006] The thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window includes transparent photovoltaic glass, thermochromic louvers and electrochromic glass arranged in sequence from outdoors to indoors.

[0007] A number of thermochromic louvers are evenly arranged in a cavity formed by transparent photovoltaic glass and electrochromic glass.

[0008] The light transmittance of the thermochromic louver decreases as the temperature increases.

[0009] The louver rotation control module adjusts the rotation angle of the thermochromic louver, thereby changing the angle between the plane where the thermochromic louver is located and the plane where the transparent photovoltaic glass is located.

[0010] The transparent photovoltaic glass generates electricity under the action of solar radiation and supplies power to the louver rotation control module, the electrochromic glass, the adjustment control module, the lighting equipment, and the DC air conditioner respectively.

[0011] The transmittance of electrochromic glass in the energized state is lower than that in the unenergized state, and the transmittance decreases as the voltage increases.

[0012] The environmental parameter monitoring module monitors the current environmental parameters of the indoor environment where the thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window is located, and transmits the monitoring parameters to the adjustment control module.

[0013] The adjustment control module stores a preset environmental parameter range.

[0014] The adjustment control module compares the current environmental parameters with the preset environmental parameter range, and generates a thermochromic louver adjustment signal, an electrochromic glass adjustment signal, a lighting device adjustment signal and / or a DC air conditioning adjustment signal based on the comparison result.

[0015] The adjustment control module transmits the thermochromic louver adjustment signal to the thermochromic louver rotation control module, thereby causing the thermochromic louver rotation control module to adjust the rotation angle of the thermochromic louver.

[0016] The adjustment control module transmits the electrochromic glass adjustment signal to the electrochromic glass control module.

[0017] After receiving the electrochromic glass adjustment signal, the electrochromic glass control module adjusts the power-on state of the electrochromic glass to change the light transmittance of the electrochromic glass.

[0018] The adjustment control module transmits the lighting device adjustment signal to the lighting device, thereby adjusting the lighting device to turn on, turn off, and / or the brightness of the lighting device.

[0019] The regulation control module transmits the DC air conditioning regulation signal to the DC air conditioning, thereby regulating the DC air conditioning on, off, and / or the operating temperature of the DC air conditioning.

[0020] The lighting device is used to adjust the indoor ambient light intensity.

[0021] The DC air conditioner is used to adjust the indoor ambient temperature.

[0022] Furthermore, the transparent photovoltaic glass includes transparent glass, PVB laminated glass, power generation glass, PVB laminated glass, and transparent glass arranged in sequence.

[0023] The power generation glass includes transparent glass and a plurality of photovoltaic cells covering the surface of the transparent glass.

[0024] The transparent glass is connected to the power generation glass through PVB lamination.

[0025] The thermochromic louver comprises transparent glass, thermochromic hydrogel, and transparent glass which are arranged in sequence.

[0026] When the temperature of the thermochromic hydrogel is less than or equal to the phase transition temperature, the color of the thermochromic hydrogel is colorless and transparent.

[0027] When the temperature of the thermochromic hydrogel is greater than the phase transition temperature, the thermochromic hydrogel undergoes a thermochromic reaction, the transmittance of the thermochromic louver decreases, and the transmittance decreases as the temperature increases.

[0028] The electrochromic glass comprises transparent glass and an electrochromic film coated on the surface of the transparent glass.

[0029] In the non-powered state, the electrochromic film is colorless and transparent.

[0030] When powered on, the electrochromic film changes color, reducing the light transmittance of the electrochromic glass.

[0031] Furthermore, the louver rotation control module includes a liquid storage tube, a capacitor plate, and a controller.

[0032] Liquid storage tubes are fixed on both sides of the thermochromic louver.

[0033] The two liquid storage tubes are filled with liquid.

[0034] The liquids in the two reservoirs have opposite charges.

[0035] Capacitor plates are fixed above and below the thermochromic louver.

[0036] When the environmental parameter monitored by the environmental parameter monitoring module is outside the set range, the controller converts the environmental parameter error signal into a voltage signal and transmits it to the capacitor plate.

[0037] When the environmental parameter is greater than the upper limit of the set range, the error signal = the monitored environmental parameter - the upper limit of the set range. When the environmental parameter is less than the upper limit of the set range, the error signal = the lower limit of the set range - the monitored environmental parameter.

[0038] When the capacitor plates are charged, the electric field generated by the capacitor plates causes the charged liquids in the two liquid storage tubes to be subjected to forces in opposite directions, thereby causing the thermochromic louvers connected to the liquid storage tubes to rotate under the action of torque.

[0039] When the capacitor plates are positively charged, the thermochromic louvers rotate in the positive direction, reducing the indoor light intensity.

[0040] When the capacitor plates are charged in reverse, the thermochromic louvers rotate in the opposite direction, increasing the indoor light intensity.

[0041] Furthermore, the louver rotation control module also includes an adjustment angle input module.

[0042] The adjustment angle input module obtains the tilt angle of the thermochromic louver input by the user and transmits it to the controller.

[0043] The controller calculates the difference between the thermochromic louver tilt angle input by the user and the current tilt angle, converts the difference between the two into a voltage signal, and transmits it to the capacitor plate.

[0044] Furthermore, it also includes a movable connecting rod, a knob, a knob shaft, an electric field line, a rotatable screw, and a spiral spring.

[0045] The side of the knob facing the hollow cavity connects the thermochromic louver and the end of the liquid storage tube together, and the other side is connected to the window frame through the knob shaft.

[0046] All knobs are connected to the movable connecting rod through rotatable screws.

[0047] The two ends of the spiral spring are respectively marked as end A and end B.

[0048] The B end of the spiral spring is fixed on the building window frame, and the A end is connected to the knob shaft.

[0049] When the capacitor plate is energized, the thermochromic louvers rotate under the action of torque, the scroll spring undergoes curved elastic deformation, and the knob and the movable connecting rod move relative to each other, causing all the thermochromic louvers to rotate synchronously.

[0050] Furthermore, it also includes a fixed connecting rod, a ring groove, a fixing screw, and a spiral spring.

[0051] The length of the liquid storage tube is greater than that of the thermochromic louver.

[0052] The fixed connecting rod is placed vertically and connected to the annular groove via a fixing screw, thereby fixing the annular groove.

[0053] The two ends of the spiral spring 13 are respectively marked as end A and end B;

[0054] The B end of the spiral spring 13 is fixed to the building window frame, and the A end is connected to the thermochromic louver 6.

[0055] When the capacitor plate is energized, the two ends of the liquid storage tube slide in the annular groove, and the volute spring undergoes curved elastic deformation, driving the thermochromic louver to rotate.

[0056] Furthermore, the environmental parameter monitoring module includes an illumination sensor for monitoring the indoor ambient light intensity and a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature.

[0057] Furthermore, it also includes a battery, an external power supply, a DC bus, an AC / DC rectifier, a DC / DC converter, and a voltage controller.

[0058] The external power supply is connected to the DC bus.

[0059] The DC bus is connected to the battery through a voltage controller, so that the external power supply charges the battery.

[0060] The DC bus is connected to the DC air conditioner.

[0061] The DC bus is connected to the transparent photovoltaic glass, the electrochromic glass, the lighting equipment, the louver rotation control module, and the adjustment control module respectively through a DC / DC converter.

[0062] When the power supply of the transparent photovoltaic glass is insufficient, the battery supplies power to the louver rotation control module, electrochromic glass, adjustment control module, lighting equipment, and DC air conditioner.

[0063] When the battery power supply is insufficient, the external power supply supplies power to the louver rotation control module, electrochromic glass, adjustment control module, lighting equipment, and DC air conditioner.

[0064] The method for using the building flexible adjustment system based on the thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window includes the following steps:

[0065] 1) The environmental parameter monitoring module monitors the current environmental parameters of the indoor environment where the thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window is located and transmits them to the adjustment control module. The current environmental parameters include the current ambient temperature and illuminance.

[0066] The adjustment control module compares the current illuminance with the preset illuminance range. If the current illuminance is less than the lower limit of the preset illuminance range, the process proceeds to step 2), otherwise, the process proceeds to step 3).

[0067] 2) Execute one or more of steps 2.1) to 2.3) in no particular order, so that the current illuminance is within a preset illuminance range.

[0068] 2.1) Driving the thermochromic louver to rotate, changing the angle between the plane where the thermochromic louver is located and the plane where the transparent photovoltaic glass is located, and increasing the transmittance of the thermochromic louver.

[0069] 2.2) If the electrochromic glass is in a powered state, the voltage transmitted to the electrochromic glass is reduced or the power is cut off to increase the light transmittance of the electrochromic glass.

[0070] 2.3) Turn on some or all of the lighting devices in the lighting module.

[0071] 3) Execute one or more steps from step 3.1) to step 3.3) in no particular order, so that the current illuminance is within the preset illuminance range.

[0072] 3.1) Driving the thermochromic louver to rotate, changing the angle between the plane where the thermochromic louver is located and the plane where the transparent photovoltaic glass is located, and adjusting the transmittance of the thermochromic louver.

[0073] 3.2) Energizing the electrochromic glass or increasing the voltage transmitted to the electrochromic glass to reduce the light transmittance of the electrochromic glass.

[0074] 3.3) Turn off some or all lighting devices in the lighting module.

[0075] 4) After adjusting the current illumination of the indoor environment to within the preset range through steps 2) and 3), the adjustment control module compares the current ambient temperature with the preset temperature range. If the current ambient temperature is not within the preset temperature range, the DC air conditioner is turned on to adjust the temperature of the current environment until the current ambient temperature is within the preset temperature range.

[0076] Furthermore, the step of regulating the temperature by the regulating control module further includes:

[0077] The building flexible regulation system receives a demand response signal from the power grid and determines a peak electricity consumption period or a high electricity price period.

[0078] If the current date is in the cooling season and the current time is less than t time earlier than the peak electricity consumption period, the DC air conditioner will be turned on in advance for pre-cooling.

[0079] If the current date is in the cooling season and the current time is in the peak electricity consumption period, the DC air conditioner power consumption will be reduced and the DC air conditioner cooling temperature will be increased.

[0080] If the current date is in the cooling season and the current time is not t time before the peak electricity consumption period or during the peak electricity consumption period, the air conditioning cooling temperature is set to the preset optimal cooling temperature.

[0081] If the current date is in the heating season and the current time is within t time earlier than the peak electricity consumption period, the DC air conditioner will be turned on in advance for preheating.

[0082] If the current date is in the heating season and the current time is in the peak electricity consumption period, the air conditioning power consumption will be reduced and the DC air conditioning heating temperature will be lowered.

[0083] If the current date is during the heating season and the current time is not before or during peak electricity consumption, the air conditioner heating temperature is set to the preset optimal heating temperature. If the current date is during the transitional season, the air conditioner cooling or heating is not turned on.

[0084] The technical effect of the present invention is unquestionable. The present invention proposes a building flexible adjustment system based on thermoelectric-optical coupled smart windows. The advantages of thermochromic, electrochromic and transparent photovoltaic technologies are integrated to develop a new type of thermoelectric-optical smart coupled window, realizing an integrated structural innovation of smart windows with multiple active and passive adjustments and deep energy saving. An environmental parameter sensing and control strategy of "thermochromic passive as the main, electrochromic active as the auxiliary, and coordinated optimization of lighting and air-conditioning equipment" and a demand response control strategy of "supply-oriented, load-following source change" are constructed to establish a dynamic response building flexible adjustment system. Multiple benefits of energy saving, comfort and economy are achieved, providing technical support for the future application of smart windows.

[0085] The beneficial effects of this patent are reflected in the following aspects:

[0086] (1) This patent integrates the advantages of thermochromic, electrochromic and transparent photovoltaic technologies to achieve an innovative integrated structure of a new type of thermoelectric-optical coupled smart window with active and passive multiple adjustment and deep energy saving, breaking through the bottlenecks of traditional smart windows such as insufficient thermoelectric-optical synergy and limited adjustability. By using the electric energy generated by transparent photovoltaic glass to drive the state change of electrochromic glass, the transmittance and shielding of the solar spectrum can be dynamically controlled, thereby significantly reducing the energy consumed by room temperature regulation. It can not only solve the problem that a single electrochromic smart window requires electric energy to drive, has high system integration requirements and is not environmentally friendly, but also avoid the limitations of passive adjustment of a single thermochromic smart window, and can reasonably utilize the power generation of transparent photovoltaic glass, which can comprehensively improve the adjustability and flexibility of the photothermal performance of the smart window, resulting in a 1+1>2 effect.

[0087] (2) This patent constructs an environmental parameter sensing and control strategy of "thermochromic control is passive as the main method, electrochromic control is active as the auxiliary method, and lighting and air-conditioning equipment are coordinated and optimized". The real-time indoor photothermal environment is dynamically monitored by sensors, and the photothermal characteristics of the thermochromic louvers and electrochromic glass in the thermo-electric-optical coupled smart window are adjusted in real time and in a timely manner. When the indoor illuminance is too high, the angle of the thermochromic louvers is first adjusted to make it passively absorb the external solar radiation heat and undergo phase change to adjust the indoor illuminance and temperature; when the rotation angle of the thermochromic louvers cannot be adjusted, and the photothermal characteristics caused by the phase change cannot adjust the indoor environment to the preset range, the electrochromic glass is further powered by transparent photovoltaic glass. After the voltage is applied, the electrochromic glass changes its photothermal characteristics and further adjusts the indoor environment. When the indoor illuminance is too low, the lighting equipment is controlled to turn on by adjusting the control module to optimize the indoor light environment. By adjusting the thermochromic louvers, electrochromic glass and lighting equipment, the indoor illumination is kept within the preset range, and the indoor temperature is further controlled by DC air conditioning to create a dynamic, healthy and comfortable indoor living environment.

[0088] (3) This patent constructs a demand response control strategy of "supply-oriented, load-following source change", which directly drives electrochromic glass, air conditioning equipment, and lighting equipment through the power generation of transparent photovoltaic glass, thereby realizing self-production and self-consumption of building energy, improving energy utilization, and minimizing energy consumption while ensuring that the indoor environment meets the design parameter range. When the production capacity of transparent photovoltaic glass is insufficient, the power demand is met by batteries and external power supplies, thereby improving the reliability and flexibility of the system's power consumption. Through the demand response control strategy, the air conditioning pre-cooling and preheating are controlled in advance during low-peak electricity consumption or when the electricity price is low, reducing the impact pressure on the power grid during peak electricity consumption and reducing the air conditioning operating costs during high electricity price periods, thereby achieving both energy saving and economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0089] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of thermoelectric-optical coupled smart window;

[0090] Figure 2 This is a circuit connection diagram;

[0091] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the electric field of the thermochromic louver described in Example 7;

[0092] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the thermochromic louvers described in Example 7;

[0093] Figure 5 (a) Figure 5 (b) is a schematic diagram of the connection and electric field of the thermochromic louvers described in Example 8;

[0094] Figure 6The environmental parameter sensing and control strategy is "thermochromism as the main passive mode, electrochromism as the auxiliary active mode, and lighting and air conditioning equipment coordinated optimization";

[0095] Figure 7 A demand response control strategy of "supply-oriented, load changes with source";

[0096] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of thermochromic louver adjustment;

[0097] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the environmental parameter sensing and control process;

[0098] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the demand response control process;

[0099] In the figure: transparent glass 1, PVB laminate 2, power-generating glass 3, thermochromic hydrogel 4, electrochromic film 5, thermochromic louver 6, liquid storage tube 7, movable connecting rod 8, knob 9, electric field lines 10, rotatable screw 11, knob shaft 12, scroll spring 13, capacitor plate 14, ring groove 15, window frame 16, fixing screw 17, fixing connecting rod 18, one end A of scroll spring, the other end B of scroll spring, thermochromic louver installation area D. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0100] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the following examples, but it should not be understood that the scope of the present invention is limited to the following examples. Without departing from the above technical ideas of the present invention, various substitutions and modifications can be made according to common technical knowledge and customary means in the art, and all should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0101] Example 1:

[0102] See also Figures 1 to 10 The building flexible adjustment system based on thermoelectric-optical coupling smart windows includes thermoelectric-optical coupling smart windows, environmental parameter monitoring modules, adjustment control modules, louver rotation control modules, electrochromic glass control modules, lighting equipment, and DC air conditioners.

[0103] The thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window includes transparent photovoltaic glass, thermochromic louvers 6 and electrochromic glass arranged in sequence from outdoor to indoor.

[0104] A plurality of thermochromic louvers 6 are evenly arranged in the cavity formed by the transparent photovoltaic glass and the electrochromic glass.

[0105] The light transmittance of the thermochromic louver 6 decreases as the temperature increases.

[0106] The louver rotation control module adjusts the rotation angle of the thermochromic louver 6 , thereby changing the angle between the plane where the thermochromic louver 6 is located and the plane where the transparent photovoltaic glass is located.

[0107] The transparent photovoltaic glass generates electricity under the action of solar radiation and supplies power to the louver rotation control module, the electrochromic glass, the adjustment control module, the lighting equipment, and the DC air conditioner respectively.

[0108] The transmittance of electrochromic glass in the energized state is lower than that in the unenergized state, and the transmittance decreases as the voltage increases.

[0109] The environmental parameter monitoring module monitors the current environmental parameters of the indoor environment where the thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window is located, and transmits the monitoring parameters to the adjustment control module.

[0110] The adjustment control module stores a preset environmental parameter range.

[0111] The adjustment control module compares the current environmental parameters with the preset environmental parameter range, and generates a thermochromic louver adjustment signal, an electrochromic glass adjustment signal, a lighting device adjustment signal and / or a DC air conditioning adjustment signal based on the comparison result.

[0112] The adjustment control module transmits the thermochromic louver adjustment signal to the thermochromic louver rotation control module, thereby causing the thermochromic louver rotation control module to adjust the rotation angle of the thermochromic louver 6.

[0113] The adjustment control module transmits the electrochromic glass adjustment signal to the electrochromic glass control module.

[0114] After receiving the electrochromic glass adjustment signal, the electrochromic glass control module adjusts the power-on state of the electrochromic glass to change the light transmittance of the electrochromic glass.

[0115] The adjustment control module transmits a lighting device adjustment signal to the lighting device, thereby adjusting the lighting device to turn on or off, and / or the brightness of the lighting device. The brightness indicators of the lighting device include: lumens, watts, and lux.

[0116] The regulation control module transmits the DC air conditioning regulation signal to the DC air conditioning, thereby regulating the DC air conditioning on, off, and / or the operating temperature of the DC air conditioning.

[0117] The lighting device is used to adjust the indoor ambient light intensity.

[0118] The DC air conditioner is used to adjust the indoor ambient temperature.

[0119] Example 2:

[0120] The building flexible adjustment system based on thermoelectric-optical coupled smart windows has the same technical content as Example 1. Furthermore, the transparent photovoltaic glass includes transparent glass 1, PVB laminated glass 2, power generation glass 3, PVB laminated glass 2, and transparent glass 1 arranged in sequence.

[0121] The power generation glass 3 includes a transparent glass 1 and a plurality of photovoltaic cells covering the surface of the transparent glass 1 .

[0122] The transparent glass 1 is connected to the power generation glass 3 via PVB interlayer 2 .

[0123] Example 3:

[0124] The building flexible adjustment system based on thermoelectric-optical coupled smart windows has the same main technical content as any one of Examples 1-2. Furthermore, the thermochromic louver 6 includes transparent glass 1, thermochromic hydrogel 4, and transparent glass 1 arranged in sequence.

[0125] When the temperature of the thermochromic hydrogel 4 is less than or equal to the phase transition temperature, the color of the thermochromic hydrogel 4 is colorless and transparent.

[0126] When the temperature of the thermochromic hydrogel 4 is greater than the phase transition temperature, the thermochromic hydrogel 4 undergoes a thermochromic reaction, the light transmittance of the thermochromic louver 6 decreases, and the light transmittance decreases as the temperature increases.

[0127] Example 4:

[0128] The building flexible adjustment system based on thermoelectric-optical coupled smart windows has the same main technical content as any one of Examples 1-3. Furthermore, the electrochromic glass includes transparent glass 1 and an electrochromic film 5 coated on the surface of the transparent glass 1.

[0129] In the non-powered state, the electrochromic film 5 is colorless and transparent.

[0130] When powered on, the electrochromic film 5 changes color, reducing the light transmittance of the electrochromic glass.

[0131] Example 5:

[0132] The building flexible adjustment system based on thermoelectric-optical coupled smart windows has the same technical content as any one of Examples 1-4. Furthermore, the louver rotation control module includes a liquid storage tube 7, a capacitor plate 14, and a controller.

[0133] Liquid storage tubes 7 are fixed on both sides of the thermochromic louver 6 .

[0134] The two liquid storage tubes 7 are filled with liquid.

[0135] The liquids in the two liquid storage tubes 7 have opposite charges.

[0136] Capacitor plates 14 are fixed above and below the thermochromic louver 6 .

[0137] When the environmental parameter monitored by the environmental parameter monitoring module is outside the set range, the controller converts the environmental parameter error signal into a voltage signal and transmits it to the capacitor plate 14 .

[0138] When the environmental parameter is greater than the upper limit of the set range, the error signal = the monitored environmental parameter - the upper limit of the set range. When the environmental parameter is less than the upper limit of the set range, the error signal = the lower limit of the set range - the monitored environmental parameter.

[0139] When the capacitor plate 14 is charged, the electric field generated by the capacitor plate 14 causes the charged liquid in the two liquid storage tubes 7 to be subjected to forces in opposite directions, thereby causing the thermochromic louver 6 connected to the liquid storage tubes 7 to rotate under the action of torque.

[0140] When the capacitor plate 14 is positively charged, the thermochromic louver 6 rotates in the positive direction to reduce the indoor light intensity.

[0141] When the capacitor plate 14 is reversely charged, the thermochromic louvers 6 rotate in the opposite direction to increase the indoor illumination.

[0142] Example 6:

[0143] The building flexible adjustment system based on thermoelectric-optical coupled smart windows has the same technical content as any one of Examples 1-5. Furthermore, the louver rotation control module also includes an adjustment angle input module.

[0144] The adjustment angle input module obtains the tilt angle of the thermochromic louver 6 input by the user and transmits it to the controller.

[0145] The controller calculates the difference between the inclination angle of the thermochromic louver 6 input by the user and the current inclination angle, converts the difference into a voltage signal, and transmits it to the capacitor plate 14 .

[0146] Example 7:

[0147] like Figure 3-Figure 4 As shown, the building flexible adjustment system based on the thermoelectric-optical coupled smart window has the same technical content as any one of Examples 1-6, and further includes a movable connecting rod 8, a knob 9, a knob shaft 12, an electric field line 10, a rotatable screw 11, and a spiral spring 13.

[0148] The knob 9 connects the thermochromic louver 6 and the end of the liquid storage tube 7 together on one side facing the hollow cavity, and is connected to the window frame 16 via the knob shaft 12 on the other side.

[0149] All knobs 9 are connected to the movable connecting rod 8 via rotatable screws 11 .

[0150] The two ends of the spiral spring 13 are respectively marked as end A and end B.

[0151] The B end of the spiral spring 13 is fixed to the building window frame 16 , and the A end is connected to the knob shaft 12 .

[0152] When the capacitor plate 14 is energized, the thermochromic louvers 6 rotate under the action of torque, the spiral spring 13 undergoes curved elastic deformation, and the knob 9 and the movable connecting rod 8 move relative to each other, causing all the thermochromic louvers 6 to rotate synchronously.

[0153] Example 8:

[0154] like Figure 5 As shown, the building flexible adjustment system based on the thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window has the same technical content as any one of Examples 1-6, and further includes a fixed connecting rod 18, an annular groove 15, a fixing screw 17, and a spiral spring 13.

[0155] The length of the liquid storage tube 7 is greater than that of the thermochromic louver 6 .

[0156] The fixing link 18 is placed vertically and connected to the annular groove 15 via a fixing screw 17 , thereby fixing the annular groove 15 .

[0157] The two ends of the spiral spring 13 are respectively marked as end A and end B.

[0158] The B end of the spiral spring 13 is fixed to the building window frame 16 , and the A end is connected to the thermochromic louver 6 .

[0159] When the capacitor plate 14 is energized, both ends of the liquid storage tube 7 slide in the annular groove 15 , and the spiral spring 13 undergoes curved elastic deformation, driving the thermochromic louver 6 to rotate.

[0160] Example 9:

[0161] The building flexible adjustment system based on thermoelectric-optical coupled smart windows has the same technical content as any one of Examples 1-8. Furthermore, the environmental parameter monitoring module includes an illuminance sensor for monitoring indoor ambient light intensity and a temperature sensor for monitoring temperature.

[0162] Example 10:

[0163] The building flexible adjustment system based on thermoelectric-optical coupled smart windows has the same technical content as any one of Examples 1-9, and further includes a battery, an external power supply, a DC bus, an AC / DC rectifier, a DC / DC converter, and a voltage controller.

[0164] The external power supply is connected to the DC bus.

[0165] The DC bus is connected to the battery through a voltage controller, so that the external power supply charges the battery.

[0166] The DC bus is connected to the DC air conditioner.

[0167] The DC bus is connected to the transparent photovoltaic glass, the electrochromic glass, the lighting equipment, the louver rotation control module, and the adjustment control module respectively through a DC / DC converter.

[0168] When the power supply of the transparent photovoltaic glass is insufficient, the battery supplies power to the louver rotation control module, electrochromic glass, adjustment control module, lighting equipment, and DC air conditioner.

[0169] When the battery power supply is insufficient, the external power supply supplies power to the louver rotation control module, electrochromic glass, adjustment control module, lighting equipment, and DC air conditioner.

[0170] The power generated by the transparent photovoltaic glass fluctuates with outdoor weather and is therefore unstable. Therefore, a DC / DC converter continuously converts the generated voltage into stable DC and transmits it to the DC bus. The voltage generated by the transparent photovoltaic glass directly powers the louver rotation control module, electrochromic glass, regulation control module, lighting equipment, and DC air conditioning. Furthermore, when these devices are using less power, the voltage generated by the transparent photovoltaic glass can be stored in a battery. When power is needed, the battery then supplies power to the louver rotation control module, electrochromic glass, regulation control module, lighting equipment, and DC air conditioning.

[0171] Example 11:

[0172] The method for using the building flexible adjustment system based on the thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window described in any one of Examples 1-10 comprises the following steps:

[0173] 1) The environmental parameter monitoring module monitors the current environmental parameters of the indoor environment where the thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window is located and transmits them to the adjustment control module. The current environmental parameters include the current ambient temperature and illuminance.

[0174] The adjustment control module compares the current illuminance with the preset illuminance range. If the current illuminance is less than the lower limit of the preset illuminance range, the process proceeds to step 2), otherwise, the process proceeds to step 3).

[0175] 2) Execute one or more of steps 2.1) to 2.3) in no particular order, so that the current illuminance is within a preset illuminance range.

[0176] 2.1) Driving the thermochromic louver 6 to rotate, changing the angle between the plane where the thermochromic louver 6 is located and the plane where the transparent photovoltaic glass is located, and increasing the light transmittance of the thermochromic louver 6.

[0177] 2.2) If the electrochromic glass is in a powered state, the voltage transmitted to the electrochromic glass is reduced or the power is cut off to increase the light transmittance of the electrochromic glass.

[0178] 2.3) Turn on some or all of the lighting devices in the lighting module.

[0179] 3) Execute one or more steps from step 3.1) to step 3.3) in no particular order, so that the current illuminance is within the preset illuminance range.

[0180] 3.1) Driving the thermochromic louver 6 to rotate, changing the angle between the plane where the thermochromic louver 6 is located and the plane where the transparent photovoltaic glass is located, and adjusting the light transmittance of the thermochromic louver 6.

[0181] 3.2) Energizing the electrochromic glass or increasing the voltage transmitted to the electrochromic glass to reduce the light transmittance of the electrochromic glass.

[0182] 3.3) Turn off some or all lighting devices in the lighting module.

[0183] 4) After adjusting the current illumination of the indoor environment to within the preset range through steps 2) and 3), the adjustment control module compares the current ambient temperature with the preset temperature range. If the current ambient temperature is not within the preset temperature range, the DC air conditioner is turned on to adjust the temperature of the current environment until the current ambient temperature is within the preset temperature range.

[0184] Example 12:

[0185] The method for using the building flexible adjustment system based on the thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window described in any one of Examples 1-10 has the same technical content as Example 11. Furthermore, the step of adjusting the temperature by the adjustment control module further includes:

[0186] The building flexible regulation system receives a demand response signal from the power grid and determines a peak electricity consumption period or a high electricity price period.

[0187] If the current date is in the cooling season and the current time is less than t time earlier than the peak electricity consumption period, the DC air conditioner will be turned on in advance for pre-cooling.

[0188] If the current date is in the cooling season and the current time is in the peak electricity consumption period, the DC air conditioner power consumption will be reduced and the DC air conditioner cooling temperature will be increased.

[0189] If the current date is in the cooling season and the current time is not t time before the peak electricity consumption period or during the peak electricity consumption period, the air conditioning cooling temperature is set to the preset optimal cooling temperature.

[0190] If the current date is in the heating season and the current time is within t time earlier than the peak electricity consumption period, the DC air conditioner will be turned on in advance for preheating.

[0191] If the current date is in the heating season and the current time is in the peak electricity consumption period, the air conditioning power consumption will be reduced and the DC air conditioning heating temperature will be lowered.

[0192] If the current date is in the heating season and the current time is not t time before the peak electricity consumption period or during the peak electricity consumption period, the air conditioner heating temperature is set to the preset optimal heating temperature.

[0193] If the current date is a transitional season, the air conditioner will not be turned on for cooling or heating.

[0194] Example 13:

[0195] The building flexible adjustment system based on thermoelectric-optical coupling smart windows includes the integrated structural design of multi-adjustable and deeply energy-saving thermoelectric-optical coupling smart windows and the smart window control strategy with dynamic response and flexible adjustment.

[0196] 1. Integrated structural design of thermoelectric-optical coupled smart windows with multiple adjustable functions and deep energy saving

[0197] Thermoelectric-optical coupled smart window is a new type of adjustable smart window developed by integrating the advantages of thermochromic, electrochromic and transparent photovoltaic technologies.

[0198] The structure of the thermoelectric-optical coupled smart window, from the exterior to the interior, consists of transparent photovoltaic glass, thermochromic louvers, and electrochromic glass. The thermochromic louvers are evenly arranged in the hollow cavity formed by the transparent photovoltaic glass and the electrochromic glass.

[0199] Transparent photovoltaic glass has a 5-layer symmetrical structure, which consists of transparent glass, PVB laminated glass, power generation glass, PVB laminated glass, and transparent glass from the outside to the inside.

[0200] Thermochromic louvers have a three-layer structure: from the outside to the inside, transparent glass, thermochromic hydrogel, and then transparent glass. The thermochromic hydrogel has a phase transition temperature of approximately 30°C. Below this temperature, the hydrogel is colorless and transparent. Above this temperature, a thermochromic reaction occurs, gradually reducing the transmittance of the thermochromic louver.

[0201] Electrochromic glass is a transparent glass surface coated with an electrochromic film through a process such as magnetron sputtering. Electrochromic glass appears transparent and colorless when not powered, but changes color to blue or dark blue when powered. The degree of color can be infinitely adjusted depending on the voltage.

[0202] The width of the thermochromic louvers is 4-6 cm. They are located in the air layer formed between the transparent photovoltaic glass and the electrochromic glass. The thickness of the air layer is not restricted and can be changed according to the application requirements of specific climate zones.

[0203] Transparent photovoltaic glass can achieve both power generation and light transmission at the same time, but the power generation efficiency is also restricted by the transmittance. The higher the cell coverage (the lower the transmittance), the higher the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The power generation efficiency will also decrease as the surface temperature of the cell increases. In the structure of the thermoelectric-optical coupled smart window, the transparent photovoltaic glass is placed on the side facing the outdoors, and the thermochromic louvers are placed in the hollow cavity. The heat absorbed by the thermochromic louvers includes the heat gained by solar radiation passing through the transparent photovoltaic glass, and also includes the heat generated during the photoelectric conversion process of the transparent photovoltaic glass. This additional heat will accelerate the occurrence of the thermochromic effect. Therefore, in the present invention, the phase transition temperature of the thermochromic hydrogel placed in the air cavity composed of the transparent photovoltaic glass and the electrochromic glass needs to be appropriately higher than the phase transition temperature of the smart window composed only of the thermochromic hydrogel. By controlling the phase change process of the thermochromic hydrogel, the heat generated during the photoelectric conversion process of the transparent photovoltaic glass can be absorbed and the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be improved.

[0204] In the present invention, thermochromic louvers are evenly arranged in a hollow cavity formed by transparent photovoltaic glass and electrochromic glass. Two cylindrical liquid storage tubes are fixed to the long sides of the thermochromic louvers, and the two liquid storage tubes carry liquids with opposite charges. Capacitor plates 14 are installed above and below the window frame. When the capacitor plates 14 are charged, the electric field generated causes the charged liquids in the two liquid storage tubes to be subjected to forces in opposite directions, and the thermochromic louvers connected to the liquid storage tubes are subjected to torque and rotate. Reverse charging of the capacitor plates 14 can cause the thermochromic louvers to rotate in opposite directions. The inclination angle of the thermochromic louvers can be controlled through automatic control by environmental sensing and manual remote control adjustment.

[0205] Environmental sensing automatic control:

[0206] An environmental sensor is placed on the indoor working plane to sense the indoor light and thermal environment parameters. When the indoor light and thermal environment parameters are out of the set range, the controller converts the environmental parameter error signal into a voltage signal and generates a corresponding electric field. The charged liquid in the liquid storage tube is subjected to force, causing the thermochromic louver to rotate under the action of torque, thereby regulating the indoor light and thermal environment.

[0207] Manual remote control adjustment:

[0208] The angle of the thermochromic louvers can also be adjusted via manual remote control. Specifically, the desired angle of the thermochromic louvers is set in the manual remote control system. The controller converts the set angle deviation into a voltage signal and generates a corresponding electric field. The charged liquid in the liquid storage tube is then subjected to a torque that causes the thermochromic louvers to rotate, thereby regulating the indoor light and heat environment.

[0209] In the field of smart windows, the thermochromic process of thermochromic smart windows is related to the phase transition temperature of the thermochromic material and the outdoor climate. The outdoor weather affects the surface temperature of the thermochromic window, thereby stimulating the thermochromic process around the phase transition temperature of the thermochromic material. Therefore, thermochromic smart windows are a completely passive technology. Electrochromic smart windows have photothermal properties that can be adjusted according to human control strategies, but they require electrical energy to drive. In the off-state, electrochromic glass appears transparent and colorless, with a visible light transmittance of approximately 0.6. When powered on, it appears in a tinted state, such as blue to dark blue. The tint can be infinitely adjusted according to the voltage.

[0210] In this invention, the side of the thermoelectric-optically coupled smart window closest to the interior is electrochromic glass. The transparent photovoltaic glass can power the electrochromic glass. Furthermore, when passive adjustment of the thermochromic louvers fails to adequately regulate the indoor solar and thermal environment (i.e., when the angle of the thermochromic louvers is adjusted to be completely parallel to the transparent photovoltaic and electrochromic glass, the indoor illumination remains high), applying a voltage to the electrochromic glass can control its tint to further optimize the indoor solar and thermal environment.

[0211] 2. Intelligent window control strategy with dynamic response and flexible adjustment

[0212] (1) Environmental parameter sensing and control strategy based on passive thermochromism, active electrochromism as a supplement, and coordinated optimization of lighting and air-conditioning equipment

[0213] The transparent photovoltaic glass is connected to the DC bus through a DC / DC converter, the external power supply is connected to the DC bus through an AC / DC rectifier, the DC bus is connected to a battery through a voltage controller, the DC bus is connected to a DC air conditioner, and the DC bus is connected to the electrochromic glass, lighting fixtures, louver rotation control module, and adjustment control module through a DC / DC converter.

[0214] DC air conditioners, electrochromic glass, and lighting fixtures preferentially draw power from the photovoltaic glass. If the photovoltaic glass's power supply is insufficient, power is drawn from the battery. If the battery is low, power is drawn from an external power source. DC air conditioners are directly powered by photovoltaics, utilizing the DC generated by the transparent photovoltaic glass to power the air conditioner. Compared to the DC-AC-DC method, where photovoltaic power is first converted to AC by an inverter and then rectified to DC by the public grid, this method significantly reduces losses during the current conversion process. DC air conditioners regulate indoor temperature, raising or lowering it quickly, reaching the set temperature within 10-30 minutes of activation. Electrochromic glass operates with a color-changing voltage range of 0-5V and consumes relatively little power. By applying power to the window, the solar transmittance of the window is altered to adjust the indoor light and heat environment (illuminance and temperature). Once powered on, the electrochromic glass achieves uniform tinting within 0-20 minutes. Artificial lighting fixtures use 48V DC power. When the indoor illumination is low (less than 500 lux), the indoor illumination is adjusted by the lighting fixtures. However, the heat generated by the lighting fixtures will affect the indoor thermal environment and increase the cooling load of the air conditioner during the cooling season. The circuit system connection diagram is as follows:

[0215] The function of the AC / DC rectifier is to convert the AC power in the external power supply into DC power for use and distribution by the transmission control module.

[0216] The function of the DC / DC converter is to convert the power (DC) generated by the photovoltaic glass into the block current format of the transmission control module.

[0217] The function of the voltage controller is to control the charging of the battery by the external power supply and the transparent photovoltaic glass, and the discharge of the battery to the power consumption module, thereby protecting the safe charging and discharging of the battery.

[0218] The sensing and control of environmental parameters is based on the above circuit connection system. Illumination sensors and temperature sensors are placed on the horizontal working surface of the room to monitor the indoor light and thermal environment in real time.

[0219] If the indoor work surface illuminance is too high (greater than 2000 lux), it is prioritized to adjust the angle α of the thermochromic glass (0°<α<90°) to reduce indoor illuminance and glare risk. The larger the thermochromic angle α, the larger the area of the thermochromic louver that absorbs heat (solar radiation heat and heat generated by the transparent photovoltaic glass), which facilitates the activation of the thermochromic process. As the temperature rises and the phase change process proceeds, the thermochromic louver changes from colorless and transparent to a fogged state, reducing solar radiation transmittance, reducing indoor illuminance, and avoiding glare risk.

[0220] When the external sunlight is too strong, such as at noon in summer, the inclination angle α of the thermochromic louver reaches 90° and is completely parallel to the transparent photovoltaic glass. The thermochromic louver is in a fogged state (low transmittance), and the indoor illumination is still high. The electrochromic glass is powered by photovoltaics to adjust the coloration of the electrochromic glass, thereby reducing the indoor illumination and glare risk, while reducing the heat gain from solar radiation from outdoor to indoor to lower the indoor temperature.

[0221] When the indoor working surface illumination is too low (less than 500 lux) on rainy days or in the evening, the lighting fixtures are automatically turned on to adjust the indoor illumination.

[0222] Indoor illumination is adjusted to a set range (500-2000 lux) through passive thermochromic control, active electrochromic control, and lighting fixture adjustment. Thermochromic louvers and electrochromic glass, by adjusting their solar radiation transmittance, may not necessarily maintain an appropriate indoor temperature. Heat generated by lighting fixtures also affects the indoor thermal environment. If the sensor detects that the indoor temperature is outside the set range (22-26°C), the DC air conditioner will further adjust the indoor temperature.

[0223] The priority for DC air conditioning power is transparent photovoltaic power generation, batteries, and external power sources. If the predicted photovoltaic power generation is sufficient to maintain cooling in the cooling season or heating for one hour in the heating season, the photovoltaic power generation will directly drive the DC air conditioning to start and adjust the indoor temperature. If the predicted photovoltaic power generation is insufficient, but the battery power generation is sufficient to maintain cooling in the cooling season or heating for one hour in the heating season, the battery power generation will start and adjust the indoor temperature. If neither the photovoltaic power generation nor the battery power generation can meet the air conditioning power demand, the external power source will power the DC air conditioning to adjust the indoor temperature.

[0224] Through the environmental parameter sensing and control system of "thermochromism as the main passive method, electrochromism as the auxiliary active method, and coordinated optimization of lighting and air-conditioning equipment", the indoor light and thermal environment is optimized, using as little energy as possible to create a natural, dynamic, healthy and comfortable indoor physical environment.

[0225] (2) “Supply-oriented, load-following source” demand response control strategy

[0226] When DC air conditioners are powered by an external power source, to reduce the pressure on the grid, building electrical equipment should adjust their power consumption according to peak hours or periods of higher electricity prices. During periods of low power generation, power consumption should be temporarily suspended or reduced, and power usage should be adjusted to different time periods. Indoor controlled elements such as the light environment and heat and humidity should be monitored and adjusted with real-time sensors to ensure that indoor parameters meet the design range while minimizing energy consumption. This allows for a flexible power consumption model that is both supply-oriented and demand-responsive, with load following source.

[0227] The power grid sends a demand response signal to the building, identifying peak electricity demand periods or high electricity price periods, such as 10:00-12:00. If the current date is during the cooling season (June-August) and the current time is less than an hour before the peak electricity demand period (9:00-10:00), the DC air conditioner is turned on for pre-cooling, setting the indoor temperature to 22°C. If the current time is during the peak electricity demand period (10:00-12:00), the air conditioner power is reduced and the cooling temperature is set to 28°C. If the current time is not within 1 hour before the peak electricity demand period or during the peak electricity demand period, the cooling temperature is set to 26°C. If the current date is in the heating season (November to March) and the current time is less than 1 hour before the peak electricity consumption period (9-10 am), the DC air conditioner will be turned on in advance for preheating and the indoor temperature will be set to 24°C. If the current time is in the peak electricity consumption period (10-12 am), the air conditioner power will be reduced and the air conditioner cooling temperature will be set to 18°C. If the current time is not 1 hour before the peak electricity consumption period or during the peak electricity consumption period, the air conditioner cooling temperature will be set to 22°C.

[0228] If the current date is a transitional season, do not turn on the air conditioner for cooling or heating, and adjust the indoor temperature and humidity by opening windows for ventilation.

[0229] Example 14:

[0230] The building flexible adjustment system based on thermoelectric-optical coupled smart windows has the same technical content as Example 13. Furthermore, the thermochromic louver is fixed in the air cavity between the transparent photovoltaic glass and the electrochromic glass and rotated as follows:

[0231] Parts involved: thermochromic louvers, liquid storage tube, movable connecting rod, knob, knob shaft, electric field lines, rotatable screw, and scroll spring.

[0232] The thermochromic louver and the liquid storage tube have the same length. The knob is a solid circular sheet. The side of the knob facing the hollow cavity connects and secures the wide side of the thermochromic louver and the end of the liquid storage tube. The other side is connected to the window frame via a knob shaft that passes through the center of the knob.

[0233] The knob is connected to the movable connecting rod by a rotatable screw, and a vortex spring is provided on the knob shaft. A vortex spring refers to a spring whose spiral line is in a plane. One end of the spring is fixed, and when the other end is subjected to a torque, the material is subjected to a bending torque, resulting in bending elastic deformation, so that the spring is twisted in its own plane. In the present invention, one end of the vortex spring is fixed to the window frame, and the other end is connected to the knob shaft. When the capacitor plate (14) is energized and the thermochromic louver is rotated by the torque, the vortex spring undergoes a curved elastic deformation, and the knob circular sheet attached to the wide edge of the thermochromic louver rotates accordingly. Under the connection of the rotatable screw, the knob and the movable connecting rod undergo relative motion. Through the restraining action of the two connecting rods, all the thermochromic louvers in the hollow cavity can achieve synchronous rotation.

[0234] Based on the above scheme, the thermochromic louvers can be flipped through automatic control by environmental sensing or manual remote control adjustment.

[0235] Example 15:

[0236] The building flexible adjustment system based on thermoelectric-optical coupled smart windows has the same technical content as Example 13. Furthermore, the thermochromic louver is fixed in the air cavity between the transparent photovoltaic glass and the electrochromic glass and rotated as follows:

[0237] Parts involved: Thermochromic louvers, liquid storage tubes, fixing rods, ring grooves, fixing screws, window frames, and scroll springs.

[0238] In Option 2, the reservoir tube is connected to the thermochromic louver. The tube is slightly longer than the louver. Therefore, under the influence of the electric field force generated by the capacitor plate 14, the ends of the reservoir tube can slide within the annular groove, driving the thermochromic louver to rotate. The annular groove is a concentric ring with a width equal to the diameter of the reservoir tube. The annular groove is connected to a fixed rod via a setscrew. The fixed rod is placed vertically near the window frame and provides a fixed support for the annular groove, allowing the end of the reservoir tube to slide within the fixed annular groove.

[0239] This solution features a scroll spring, one end of which is fixed to the window frame and the other end connected to the thermochromic louver. When power is applied to the capacitor plate 14, the thermochromic louver rotates under torque, causing the end of the reservoir tube to slide along the annular groove and causing the scroll spring to deform elastically. Reversing the power supply to the capacitor plate 14 causes the thermochromic louver to rotate in the opposite direction. In this solution, the annular groove and the fixed connecting rod remain fixed.

[0240] Example 16:

[0241] The usage process of the building flexible adjustment system based on the thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window described in any one of Examples 1-15 is as follows:

[0242] (1) Sunny days in summer:

[0243] During sunny summer days, the indoor solar thermal environment is characterized by high illuminance and temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce indoor illuminance and temperature. The tilt angle of the thermochromic louvers is adjusted first to control indoor illuminance and temperature. If the thermochromic louvers are tilted to the maximum, the transparent photovoltaic glass drives the electrochromic glass to tint, adjusting the indoor illuminance and temperature. Once the indoor light environment meets the required standards, the transparent photovoltaic glass drives the DC air conditioner to regulate the indoor temperature. If the transparent photovoltaic glass generates sufficient electricity, it is stored in batteries.

[0244] Adjust priority:

[0245] Adjust the inclination angle of thermochromic louvers to adjust indoor illumination and temperature → Transparent photovoltaic glass generates electricity to drive electrochromic glass to tint to adjust indoor illumination and temperature → Photovoltaic drives DC air conditioning to adjust indoor temperature.

[0246] (2) Cloudy days in summer:

[0247] In summer, when the sun is not strong on cloudy days, the indoor temperature is high. The characteristics of the indoor light and heat environment are: low illumination and high temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the indoor illumination and reduce the indoor temperature.

[0248] Tinting electrochromic glass further reduces indoor illumination, so it should be discontinued in this situation. Adjust the thermochromic louver's tilt angle to the minimum (0°) to minimize its impact on indoor illumination. If the indoor illumination is within the set range (500-2000 lux), the DC air conditioner adjusts the indoor temperature. If the indoor illumination falls below the minimum set value of 500 lux, the sensor sends an error signal to the controller, controlling the actuator to turn on the lighting to increase indoor illumination, and further adjust the indoor temperature through the DC air conditioner.

[0249] Adjust priority:

[0250] The inclination angle of the thermochromic louver is adjusted to 0°C, and the electrochromic glass is powered off → Adjust the lighting fixtures to meet the indoor illumination → Photovoltaic drives the DC air conditioner to adjust the indoor temperature → When the photovoltaic power generation is insufficient, the battery drives the DC air conditioner to adjust the indoor temperature → When the battery power is insufficient, the external power supply drives the DC air conditioner to adjust the indoor temperature.

[0251] (3) Sunny days in winter:

[0252] Sunny winter days provide some sunlight, but the indoor temperature is relatively low. The characteristics of the indoor light and heat environment are high illumination and low temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the indoor illumination and increase the indoor temperature.

[0253] Thermochromic louvers are tilted to appropriately reduce indoor illumination. If the louvers are tilted to their maximum angle but the indoor illumination remains high, photovoltaic-driven electrochromic glass tinting is used to adjust the indoor illumination. Furthermore, photovoltaic-driven DC air conditioning is used to heat the room and regulate the indoor temperature. When the photovoltaic power is insufficient, the DC air conditioning is driven by batteries. When the battery power is insufficient, the DC air conditioning is driven by an external power source.

[0254] The adjustment priorities are:

[0255] Adjust the inclination angle of the thermochromic louvers to appropriately reduce the indoor illumination → Transparent photovoltaic glass generates electricity to drive the electrochromic glass to tint to adjust the indoor illumination → Photovoltaic drives the DC air conditioner to heat to adjust the indoor temperature → When photovoltaic power generation is insufficient, the battery drives the DC air conditioner to heat to adjust the indoor temperature → When the battery power is insufficient, an external power supply drives the DC air conditioner to heat to adjust the indoor temperature.

[0256] (4) Cloudy days in winter:

[0257] On cloudy days in winter, the indoor light and heat environment is characterized by low illumination and low temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the indoor illumination and raise the indoor temperature.

[0258] In this case, the electrochromic glass is discontinued and the thermochromic louvers are adjusted to their minimum angle (0°) to minimize their impact on indoor illumination. If the indoor illumination is within the set range (500-2000 lux), the DC air conditioner is used to generate heat to adjust the indoor temperature. If the indoor illumination falls below the minimum set value of 500 lux, the sensor sends an error signal to the controller, controlling the actuator to turn on the lighting to increase the indoor illumination. The heat generated by the lighting increases indoor heat gain. If the indoor temperature remains low, the DC air conditioner is used to generate heat to further adjust the indoor temperature.

[0259] Adjust priority:

[0260] Adjust the inclination of the thermochromic glass to 0°C → Adjust the lighting fixtures to meet the indoor illumination → Photovoltaic drives the DC air conditioner to heat to adjust the indoor temperature → When the photovoltaic power generation is insufficient, the battery drives the DC air conditioner to heat to adjust the indoor temperature → When the battery power is insufficient, the external power supply drives the DC air conditioner to heat to adjust the indoor temperature.

Claims

1. A building flexible adjustment system based on thermoelectric-optical coupled smart windows, characterized by: Including thermoelectric-optical coupled smart windows, environmental parameter monitoring module, adjustment control module, louver rotation control module, electrochromic glass control module, lighting equipment, and DC air conditioning; The thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window comprises transparent photovoltaic glass, thermochromic louvers (6) and electrochromic glass arranged in sequence from outdoor to indoor; A plurality of thermochromic louvers (6) are evenly arranged in a cavity formed by transparent photovoltaic glass and electrochromic glass; The light transmittance of the thermochromic louver (6) decreases as the temperature increases; The louver rotation control module adjusts the rotation angle of the thermochromic louver (6), thereby changing the angle between the plane where the thermochromic louver (6) is located and the plane where the transparent photovoltaic glass is located; The transparent photovoltaic glass generates electricity under the action of solar radiation and supplies power to the louver rotation control module, electrochromic glass, adjustment control module, lighting equipment, and DC air conditioner respectively; The transmittance of electrochromic glass in the energized state is lower than that in the unenergized state, and the transmittance decreases as the voltage increases; The environmental parameter monitoring module monitors the current environmental parameters of the indoor environment where the thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window is located and transmits them to the adjustment control module; The adjustment control module stores a preset environmental parameter range; The adjustment control module compares the current environmental parameters with the preset environmental parameter range and generates a thermochromic louver adjustment signal, an electrochromic glass adjustment signal, a lighting device adjustment signal and / or a DC air conditioner adjustment signal based on the comparison result; The adjustment control module transmits the thermochromic louver adjustment signal to the thermochromic louver rotation control module, thereby causing the thermochromic louver rotation control module to adjust the rotation angle of the thermochromic louver (6); The adjustment control module transmits the electrochromic glass adjustment signal to the electrochromic glass control module; After receiving the electrochromic glass adjustment signal, the electrochromic glass control module adjusts the power state of the electrochromic glass to change the light transmittance of the electrochromic glass; The adjustment control module transmits the lighting device adjustment signal to the lighting device, thereby adjusting the lighting device to turn on, turn off, and / or the brightness of the lighting device; The regulating control module transmits the DC air conditioning regulating signal to the DC air conditioning, thereby regulating the DC air conditioning on, off, and / or the operating temperature of the DC air conditioning; The lighting device is used to adjust the indoor ambient light intensity; The DC air conditioner is used to adjust the indoor ambient temperature.

2. The building flexible adjustment system based on thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The transparent photovoltaic glass comprises transparent glass (1), PVB laminated glass (2), power generation glass (3), PVB laminated glass (2), and transparent glass (1) which are arranged in sequence; The power generation glass (3) comprises transparent glass (1) and a plurality of photovoltaic cells covering the surface of the transparent glass (1); The transparent glass (1) is connected to the power generation glass (3) via PVB lamination (2); The thermochromic louver (6) comprises a transparent glass (1), a thermochromic hydrogel (4), and a transparent glass (1) arranged in sequence; When the temperature of the thermochromic hydrogel (4) is less than or equal to the phase transition temperature, the color of the thermochromic hydrogel (4) is colorless and transparent; When the temperature of the thermochromic hydrogel (4) is greater than the phase transition temperature, the thermochromic hydrogel (4) undergoes a thermochromic reaction, and the light transmittance of the thermochromic louver (6) decreases, and the light transmittance decreases as the temperature increases; The electrochromic glass comprises transparent glass (1) and an electrochromic film (5) coated on the surface of the transparent glass (1); In the non-powered state, the electrochromic film (5) is colorless and transparent; In the energized state, the electrochromic film (5) changes color, reducing the light transmittance of the electrochromic glass.

3. The building flexible adjustment system based on thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The louver rotation control module comprises a liquid storage tube (7), a capacitor plate (14), and a controller; Liquid storage tubes (7) are fixed on both sides of the thermochromic louver (6); The two liquid storage tubes (7) are filled with liquid; The liquids in the two liquid storage tubes (7) have opposite charges; Capacitor plates (14) are fixed above and below the thermochromic louver (6); When the environmental parameter monitored by the environmental parameter monitoring module is outside the set range, the controller converts the environmental parameter error signal into a voltage signal and transmits it to the capacitor plate (14); When the environmental parameter is greater than the upper limit of the set range, the error signal = the monitored environmental parameter - the upper limit of the set range; when the environmental parameter is less than the lower limit of the set range, the error signal = the lower limit of the set range - the monitored environmental parameter; When the capacitor plate (14) is charged, the electric field generated by the capacitor plate (14) causes the charged liquids in the two liquid storage tubes (7) to be subjected to forces in opposite directions, thereby causing the thermochromic louver (6) connected to the liquid storage tubes (7) to be subjected to a torque and rotate; When the capacitor plate (14) is positively charged, the thermochromic louver (6) rotates in a positive direction to reduce the indoor light intensity; When the capacitor plate (14) is reversely charged, the thermochromic louver (6) rotates in the opposite direction, thereby increasing the indoor illumination.

4. The building flexible adjustment system based on thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window according to claim 3 is characterized by: The louver rotation control module also includes an adjustment angle input module; The adjustment angle input module obtains the tilt angle of the thermochromic louver (6) input by the user and transmits it to the controller; The controller calculates the difference between the inclination angle of the thermochromic louver (6) input by the user and the current inclination angle, converts the difference between the two into a voltage signal, and transmits the signal to the capacitor plate (14).

5. The building flexible adjustment system based on thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window according to claim 3 is characterized by: It also includes a movable connecting rod (8), a knob (9), a knob shaft (12), a rotatable screw (11), and a volute spring (13); The knob (9) connects the thermochromic louver (6) and the end of the liquid storage tube (7) together on one side facing the hollow cavity, and is connected to the window frame (16) via the knob shaft (12) on the other side; All knobs (9) are connected to the movable connecting rod (8) via rotatable screws (11); The two ends of the scroll spring (13) are respectively marked as end A and end B; The B end of the spiral spring (13) is fixed to the building window frame (16), and the A end is connected to the knob shaft (12); When the capacitor plate (14) is energized, the thermochromic louvers (6) rotate under the action of torque, the volute spring (13) undergoes curved elastic deformation, and the knob (9) and the movable connecting rod (8) move relative to each other, causing all the thermochromic louvers (6) to rotate synchronously.

6. The building flexible adjustment system based on thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window according to claim 3 is characterized by: It also includes a fixed connecting rod (18), a ring groove (15), a fixing screw (17), and a volute spring (13); The length of the liquid storage tube (7) is greater than that of the thermochromic louver (6); The fixed connecting rod (18) is placed vertically and connected to the annular groove (15) via a fixing screw (17), thereby fixing the annular groove (15); The two ends of the scroll spring (13) are respectively marked as end A and end B; The B end of the scroll spring (13) is fixed to the building window frame (16), and the A end is connected to the thermochromic louver (6); When the capacitor plate (14) is energized, the two ends of the liquid storage tube (7) slide in the annular groove (15), and the volute spring (13) undergoes curved elastic deformation, driving the thermochromic louver (6) to rotate.

7. The building flexible adjustment system based on thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The environmental parameter monitoring module includes an illumination sensor for monitoring the indoor ambient light intensity and a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature.

8. The building flexible adjustment system based on thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes batteries, external power supply, DC bus, AC / DC rectifier, DC / DC converter, and voltage controller; The external power supply is connected to the DC bus; The DC bus is connected to the battery through a voltage controller, so that the external power supply charges the battery; The DC bus is connected to the DC air conditioner; The DC bus is connected to the transparent photovoltaic glass, the electrochromic glass, the lighting equipment, the louver rotation control module, and the adjustment control module respectively through a DC / DC converter; When the power supply of the transparent photovoltaic glass is insufficient, the battery supplies power to the louver rotation control module, electrochromic glass, adjustment control module, lighting equipment, and DC air conditioner; When the battery power supply is insufficient, the external power supply supplies power to the louver rotation control module, electrochromic glass, adjustment control module, lighting equipment, and DC air conditioner.

9. The method for using the building flexible adjustment system based on the thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) The environmental parameter monitoring module monitors the current environmental parameters of the indoor environment where the thermoelectric-optical coupled smart window is located and transmits them to the regulation control module; the current environmental parameters include the current ambient temperature and illuminance; The adjustment control module compares the current illuminance with the preset illuminance range; if the current illuminance is less than the lower limit of the preset illuminance range, the process proceeds to step 2); if the current illuminance is greater than the upper limit of the preset illuminance range, the process proceeds to step 3); 2) executing one or more of steps 2.1) to 2.3) in no particular order, so that the current illuminance is within a preset illuminance range; 2.1) driving the thermochromic louver (6) to rotate, changing the angle between the plane where the thermochromic louver (6) is located and the plane where the transparent photovoltaic glass is located, thereby increasing the light transmittance of the thermochromic louver (6); 2.2) If the electrochromic glass is in a powered state, the voltage transmitted to the electrochromic glass is reduced or the power is cut off to increase the light transmittance of the electrochromic glass; 2.3) Turn on some or all lighting devices in the lighting module; 3) executing one or more of steps 3.1) to 3.3) in no particular order, so that the current illuminance is within the preset illuminance range; 3.1) driving the thermochromic louver (6) to rotate, changing the angle between the plane where the thermochromic louver (6) is located and the plane where the transparent photovoltaic glass is located, and adjusting the light transmittance of the thermochromic louver (6); 3.2) energizing the electrochromic glass or increasing the voltage transmitted to the electrochromic glass to reduce the light transmittance of the electrochromic glass; 3.3) Turn off some or all lighting devices in the lighting module; 4) After adjusting the current illumination of the indoor environment to within the preset range through steps 2) and 3), the adjustment control module compares the current ambient temperature with the preset temperature range. If the current ambient temperature is not within the preset temperature range, the DC air conditioner is turned on to adjust the temperature of the current environment until the current ambient temperature is within the preset temperature range.

10. The method for using the building flexible adjustment system based on the thermoelectric-optical coupling smart window according to claim 9, characterized in that: The step of regulating the temperature by the regulating control module further includes: The building flexible regulation system receives a demand response signal from the power grid and determines a peak electricity consumption period or a high electricity price period; If the current date is in the cooling season and the current time is within t time before the peak period of electricity consumption, the DC air conditioner will be turned on in advance for pre-cooling; If the current date is in the cooling season and the current time is in the peak electricity consumption period, the DC air conditioner power consumption will be reduced and the DC air conditioner cooling temperature will be increased; If the current date is in the cooling season and the current time is not t time before the peak electricity consumption period or during the peak electricity consumption period, the air conditioning cooling temperature is set to the preset optimal cooling temperature; If the current date is in the heating season and the current time is less than t time earlier than the peak period, the DC air conditioner will be turned on in advance for preheating; If the current date is in the heating season and the current time is during the peak electricity consumption period, the air conditioning power consumption will be reduced and the DC air conditioning heating temperature will be lowered; If the current date is in the heating season and the current time is not t time before the peak electricity consumption period or during the peak electricity consumption period, the air conditioning heating temperature is set to the preset optimal heating temperature; If the current date is a transitional season, the air conditioner will not be turned on for cooling or heating.

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