Wireless controlled electric driven hydraulic reamer

Abstract

This invention belongs to the technical field of oil drilling equipment, and relates to a wirelessly controlled electro-hydraulic reamer, mainly composed of a measurement component, a communication sub, a power sub, and a reamer assembly. The measurement component transmits the measured signal to the surface in the form of pressure waves; the communication sub receives the ground wireless control signal, with an upper connector mounted on the lower spindle and housing a battery and a readout control circuit. The readout control circuit controls a motor to drive the movable cavity to move, and pin holes are machined on the surface of the lower connector for installing positioning pins; the power sub opens and closes the flow channel hole, and the movable cavity is installed in the lower cover cavity, positioned by the end cap and the steps in the lower cover cavity, and internally connected to a lead screw. This invention does not change the drill string diameter or bottom hole pressure during use, eliminates the need for ball-dropping and pressure-holding operations, and allows for multiple starts via ground wireless control signal transmission, solving the problems of existing technologies that cannot be used immediately after reaming, transmit data in real time, and effectively control usage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of oil drilling equipment technology and relates to a wirelessly controlled electro-hydraulic reamer while drilling. Background Technology

[0002] Reaming while drilling (WDWD) is a technique that uses reaming tools and conventional drill bits to increase the diameter of the reamed section within the overall borehole, thus changing the diameter beyond a single borehole diameter. This offers significant advantages over traditional fixed exploration drilling tools. Conventional reaming tool control methods primarily include adjusting drilling pressure, using choke valves, or ball-dropping differential pressure. However, these methods not only affect normal drilling parameters in practical applications but are also often one-off operations, reducing reaming efficiency and economy.

[0003] Currently, many foreign oil companies have conducted research on related technologies and adopted wireless control technology for drilling tools, achieving good results. Domestic drilling and completion tools also employ control methods, which have significant technological advantages compared to traditional ball-drop or differential pressure control. However, for reamers, traditional ball-drop or differential pressure control is still used, leading to serious drilling accidents such as low reaming efficiency, inability to control the tool properly, and inability to retract the cutter wings, severely reducing drilling efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a wirelessly controlled, electro-hydraulic reamer that does not change the drill string diameter or bottom hole pressure during use, eliminates the need for ball-dropping pressure-holding operations, and solves the problems of existing technologies that cannot be used immediately after reaming, transmit data in real time, or be effectively controlled. This tool can achieve multiple reaming operations via ground-based wireless control signals.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is:

[0006] This invention relates to a wirelessly controlled electro-hydraulic drilling reamer, mainly composed of a measurement component, a communication sub, a power sub, and a reaming assembly. Its key feature is that the measurement component includes a pulse generator, a measurement sub, a drive sub, and a battery sleeve. The pulse generator is threadedly connected to the right end of the lower spindle. The measurement sub is axially fixed to the drive sub and installed on the right end of the outer casing. Simultaneously, it transmits the measured signal to the ground in the form of a pressure wave. The ground needs to process the signal and determine whether to proceed with reaming based on the processed signal. The communication sub receives the ground wireless control signal and includes an upper connector, an antenna, a battery, a communication outer casing, a reading control circuit, a lower connector, and a communication inner casing. The upper connector of the communication sub is threadedly connected to the lower spindle and houses the battery and readout control circuit. The antenna is installed inside the communication sub. The outer and inner shells of the communication sub are threadedly connected to the upper and lower connectors. The lower connector has a stepped inner cavity for axial positioning of the lower spindle, and a locating pin hole is machined on its surface for installing a locating pin to position the communication sub. The power sub includes a movable cavity, an end cap, a lead screw or rotating shaft, and a motor. The movable cavity is installed in the inner cavity of the lower cover and is positioned by the step in the inner cavity of the end cap and the lower cover. It is internally connected to the lead screw or rotating shaft. The readout control circuit controls the motor to drive the movable cavity to a predetermined position.

[0007] In the wirelessly controlled electro-hydraulic reamer described above, the measurement component can measure geological parameters and the target well depth for reaming. After the measurement parameters are measured by the sub-section, the signal is converted into an coded pulse signal. The signal is then transmitted to the surface via a pressure wave through a pulse generator and the drive sub-section. At this point, the surface needs to process the signal and determine whether reaming is required based on the processed signal. If reaming is required, a control command is transmitted to the communication sub-section to complete the reaming operation.

[0008] In the wirelessly controlled electro-hydraulic reamer described above, the communication sub-section can employ radio frequency identification (RFID), a speed sensor, or a pressure sensor. When RFID is used, the ground surface must write the control commands to be executed into a tag with a specific encoding. The tag, lowered along with the drilling fluid, couples with the spatial magnetic field formed by the antenna as it passes through the communication sub-section. The control command encoding within the tag is read and transmitted to the reading control circuit, which then decodes the encoding to restore the required control command to control the motor. When a speed sensor is used, it is pre-set to a certain regular speed. During reaming operations, the ground surface sets the operating speed to the same regular speed. When the speed sensor receives the speed signal, it executes subsequent control commands. When a pressure sensor is used, the drilling fluid pressure is changed to reach a predetermined value, after which subsequent control commands are executed.

[0009] In the wirelessly controlled electro-hydraulic reamer described above, the movable cavity of the power sub can move linearly or rotate. When the motor rotates and drives the lead screw, the movable cavity connected to the lead screw will move axially to the left. When the motor rotor drives the rotating shaft to rotate, the movable cavity connected to the rotating shaft via a spline will rotate. At this time, after the movable cavity moves linearly or rotates to a predetermined position, a portion of the drilling fluid will flow into the piston from the flow channel hole after the movable cavity is aligned with the lower cover, completing the subsequent reaming operation.

[0010] In the wirelessly controlled electro-hydraulic reamer in the above scheme, when the reamer control command is executed, it is determined whether the reamer component cutter wings extend outward. First, the internal pressure of the tool is measured, and then the measuring component transmits the data to the ground. If the pressure decreases by 0.5MPa to 3MPa, the cutter wings extend outward. Second, the motor speed is measured to calculate whether the movable cavity has reached the predetermined position, that is, the movable cavity is aligned with the flow channel hole of the lower cover. Third, the geological parameters before and after the reamer in the target well section are measured by the measuring component.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) The tool uses a motor as the linear or rotary power source of the power sub, which is more efficient and applicable than starting methods such as ball dropping or pressurization; (2) The power sub is further controlled by the ground wireless indirect control communication sub, which is reliable in operation; (3) Wireless transmission and reception between the ground and downhole are realized according to formation parameters and predetermined target well depth; (4) Different types of communication sub can realize the transmission of various control signals on the ground, which further improves the reliability of control transmission and other operations; (5) The reliability of the reaming operation can be verified by different detection methods to determine whether the reaming blade has reached the predetermined extension; (6) The reaming can be started or continued for different formation stages, realizing multiple reaming operations. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wirelessly controlled electro-hydraulic drilling reamer of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of the rotating-driven movable cavity of the present invention;

[0014] In the diagram: 1. Housing, 2. Top cover, 3. Upper spindle, 4. Top cover positioning pin, 5. Upper spring, 6. Spring cavity, 7. Stop ring, 8. Blade, 9. Drive ring, 10. Piston, 11. Nozzle, 12. Lower cover, 13. Movable cavity, 14. End cover, 15. Lead screw, 16. Motor, 17. Upper connector, 18. Antenna, 19. Lower connector positioning pin, 20. Lower connector, 21. Pulse generator, 22. Measuring section, 23. Drive section, 24. Battery sleeve, 25. Battery, 26. Reading control circuit, 27. Communication housing, 28. Lower spindle, 29. Communication inner housing, 30. Rotating shaft, 31. Tag. Detailed Implementation

[0015] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "left" and "right" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, rather than indicating that the tool must have a specific orientation.

[0016] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0017] See appendix Figure 1 The wirelessly controlled electro-hydraulic reamer mainly consists of a measurement component, a communication sub, a power sub, and a reaming assembly. Its key features are: the measurement component includes a pulse generator 21, a measurement sub 22, a drive sub 23, and a battery sleeve 24. The pulse generator 21 is threadedly connected to the right end of the lower spindle 28. The measurement sub 22 is axially fixed to the drive sub 23 and installed on the right end of the outer casing 1, simultaneously transmitting the measured signal to the ground in the form of a pressure wave. The ground needs to process the signal and determine whether to ream the hole based on the processed signal. The communication sub receives the ground wireless control signal and includes an upper connector 17, an antenna 18, a battery 25, a communication outer casing 27, a reading control circuit 26, a lower connector 20, and a communication inner casing 29. The upper connector 17 of the communication sub is threadedly connected to... The communication section is mounted on the lower spindle 28 and has a battery 25 and a reading control circuit 26 installed inside. The antenna 18 is installed inside the communication section. The communication outer shell 27 and the communication inner shell 29 are threadedly connected to the upper connector 17 and the lower connector 20. The lower connector 20 has a step machined in its inner cavity for axial positioning of the lower spindle 28, and a positioning pin hole machined on its surface for installing the lower connector positioning pin 19 to position the communication section. The power section includes a movable cavity 13, an end cover 14, a lead screw 15 or a rotating shaft (30), and a motor 16. The movable cavity 13 is installed in the inner cavity of the lower cover 12 and is positioned by the end cover 14 and the step in the inner cavity of the lower cover 12. It is internally connected and cooperates with the lead screw 15 or the rotating shaft (30). The reading control circuit 26 controls the motor 16 to drive the movable cavity 13 to a predetermined position.

[0018] See appendix Figure 2The movable cavity 13 of the power sub can move linearly or rotate. When the motor 16 rotates and drives the lead screw 15, the movable cavity 13 connected to the lead screw 15 will move axially to the left. When the motor rotor drives the rotating shaft 30 to rotate, the movable cavity 13 connected to the rotating shaft 30 by a spline will rotate. At this time, after the movable cavity 13 moves linearly or rotates to a predetermined position, a portion of the drilling fluid will flow into the piston 10 from the flow channel hole after the movable cavity 13 is aligned with the lower cover 12, thus completing the subsequent hole enlargement operation.

[0019] The working principle of the wirelessly controlled electro-hydraulic drilling reamer of this invention:

[0020] See appendix Figure 1 After measuring the parameters by the sub-section 22, the signal is converted into an coded pulse signal. The signal is transmitted to the ground in the form of a pressure wave through the pulse generator 21 and the drive sub-section 23. At this time, the ground needs to process the signal and decide whether to enlarge the hole based on the processed signal. If enlargement is required, the ground sends an enlargement opening control command to the communication sub-section. By reading and processing the control circuit 26, the executed control command is transmitted to the motor, and the movable cavity 13 of the power sub-section will move linearly or rotate to a predetermined position. A portion of the drilling fluid flows into the piston 10 and nozzle 11 through the flow channel hole after the movable cavity 13 is aligned with the lower cover 12. The piston 10 pushes the drive ring 9 to move to the left. Under the push of the drive ring 9, the cutter wing 8 opens upward and outward along the groove on the housing 1. The stop ring 7 also moves upward to compress the upper spring 5 until it contacts the housing 1. At this time, the cutter wing 8 opens to the maximum stroke position, completing the enlargement operation. The other portion of the drilling fluid flows through the lower spindle 28 to the lower drill string. When the eye-expansion operation is completed, the ground will transmit the eye-expansion closing control command to the communication unit. The movable cavity 13 will return to its original position, and the flow channel hole of the movable cavity 13 and the lower cover 12 will be closed. The hydraulic pressure on the piston 10 will decrease. Under the action of the restoring force of the upper spring 5, the stop ring 7, the blade 8, the drive ring 9 and the piston 10 will be pushed downward until the blade 8 returns to its initial position.

[0021] The specific embodiments described above are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this patent. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principles of this patent shall fall within the protection scope of this patent system.

Claims

1. A wirelessly controlled electro-hydraulic reamer, mainly composed of a measuring component, a communication sub, a power sub, and a reamer assembly, is characterized by: The measurement assembly includes a pulse generator (21), a measurement section (22), a drive section (23), and a battery pack (24). The pulse generator (21) is installed on the right end of the lower spindle (28) via a threaded connection. The measurement section (22) is axially fixed to the drive section (23) and installed on the right end of the outer casing (1). At the same time, the measured signal is transmitted to the ground in the form of a pressure wave. The ground needs to process the signal and determine whether to expand the eye based on the processed signal. The communication section is for receiving ground wireless control signals and includes an upper connector (17), an antenna (18), a battery (25), a communication outer casing (27), a reading control circuit (26), a lower connector (20), and a communication inner casing (29). The upper connector (17) of the communication section is installed on the lower spindle (28) via a threaded connection and has the battery (25) and reading control circuit installed inside. The circuit (26) and antenna (18) are installed inside the communication sub-section. The communication outer shell (27) and communication inner shell (29) are installed on the upper connector (17) and lower connector (20) by threaded connection. The lower connector (20) has a step machined in its inner cavity for axial positioning of the lower spindle (28), and a positioning pin hole machined on its surface for installing the lower connector positioning pin (19) to position the communication sub-section. The power sub-section includes a movable cavity (13), an end cover (14), a lead screw (15) or a rotating shaft (30), and a motor (16). The movable cavity (13) is installed in the inner cavity of the lower cover (12) and is positioned by the step in the inner cavity of the end cover (14) and the lower cover (12). It is connected and cooperated with the lead screw (15) or the rotating shaft (30) inside. The reading control circuit (26) controls the motor (16) to drive the movable cavity (13) to a predetermined position.

2. The wirelessly controlled electro-hydraulic reamer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The communication sub-section uses radio frequency identification technology, speed identification sensor or pressure sensor; the movable cavity (13) of the power sub-section moves linearly or rotates; when the motor (16) rotates to drive the lead screw (15), the movable cavity (13) connected to the lead screw (15) will move axially to the left; when the motor rotor drives the rotating shaft (30) to rotate, the movable cavity (13) connected to the rotating shaft (30) by the spline will rotate. At this time, after the movable cavity (13) moves linearly or rotates to the predetermined position, a part of the drilling fluid will flow from the flow channel hole after the movable cavity (13) is aligned with the lower cover (12) into the piston (10) to complete the subsequent hole enlargement operation.

3. The wirelessly controlled electro-hydraulic reamer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When the reaming control command is executed, it is determined whether the reaming component cutter blade (8) extends outward. The pressure inside the tool cavity is obtained by measurement, and then the measurement component transmits the data to the ground. If the pressure decreases by 0.5MPa to 3MPa, the cutter blade extends outward; or by measuring the speed of the motor (16), it is calculated whether the movable cavity (13) has reached the predetermined position, that is, the movable cavity (13) is aligned with the flow channel hole of the lower cover (12) and the drilling fluid pushes the reaming component; or by measuring the geological parameters before and after the reaming of the target well section, the measurement component measures the geological parameters before and after the reaming of the target well section.

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