A method for cultivating Cibotium barometz spores

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating Cibotium barometz spores. A method for cultivating Cibotium barometz spores comprises the following steps: S1: After the substrate is formulated and pre-moistened with water, it is subjected to high-pressure sterilization treatment; S2: The sterilized substrate is spread into a seedling tray as the spore sowing substrate; S3: The Cibotium barometz spores are made into a suspension and sprayed onto the seedling substrate in S2, and daily management is carried out until the spores germinate; S4: Once the antheridia and archegonia are formed, it is soaked thoroughly with water to facilitate the combination of sperm and eggs to form a sporophyte; S5: According to the growth situation of the seedlings, potting is carried out until the seedling height is about 6 cm - 10 cm, and when tubers are formed at the roots, the seedling cultivation is completed and transferred to under-forest cultivation; this method has the advantages of fast spore germination, neat emergence, strong seedling condition and high emergence rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating spores of Cibotium barometz. Background Art

[0002] Cibotium barometz is a terrestrial fern of the large tree-shaped Dicksoniaceae Cibotium. This plant uses its rhizome as medicine, which has the effects of tonifying the liver and kidney, strengthening the waist and knees, dispelling wind-dampness, strengthening muscles and bones, promoting diuresis and relieving stranguria, etc. The fluff on the stem can stop bleeding. Cibotium barometz has extremely high ornamental value and medicinal value. Cibotium barometz is a national second-class protected fern, and it is prohibited from being dug. Pharmaceutical enterprises are facing a crisis of shortage of goods and suspension of production, and the contradiction between the supply and demand of medicinal materials is very prominent. Therefore, it is very important to study the artificial breeding method of Cibotium barometz.

[0003] The ramet propagation of Cibotium barometz is greatly affected by seasons and temperature, and the propagation coefficient is low, making it difficult to obtain a large number of seedlings. The spore propagation method is an important method for obtaining a large number of seedlings. However, the spore propagation of Cibotium barometz has high requirements for environmental conditions. Changes in conditions such as soil, humidity, light, and temperature will all affect the spore propagation process. There are few spore germinations and uneven seedling emergence, and problems such as yellowing of gametophyte and sporophyte, slow development, long seedling raising time, high proportion of weak seedlings, poor adaptability of seedlings to the natural understory environment, slow growth, and even a large number of dead seedlings appear alternately and repeatedly. These problems make the artificial large-scale breeding of Cibotium barometz extremely difficult, and the above problems have become urgent problems to be solved in the current artificial breeding of Cibotium barometz. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating spores of Cibotium barometz, which has the advantages of neat seedling emergence, strong seedling condition, and low weak seedling rate.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] 1. A method for cultivating spores of Cibotium barometz, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: After the substrate is formulated and pre-wetted with water, it is subjected to high-pressure sterilization treatment;

[0008] S2: The sterilized substrate is spread into a seedling tray as the spore sowing substrate;

[0009] S3: The spores of Cibotium barometz are made into a suspension and then sprayed on the seedling substrate in S2, and daily management is carried out until the spores germinate;

[0010] S4: Once it is soaked thoroughly after the antheridia and archegonia are formed, so as to facilitate the combination of sperm and egg to form a sporophyte;

[0011] S5: According to the growth of the seedlings, repot them until the seedling height is about 6 cm to 10 cm. When tubers are formed at the roots, the seeding is completed and transferred to under-forest cultivation.

[0012] Among them, the substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 to 70 parts of pine sawdust powder, 10 to 20 parts of porous humidity-adjusting substrate, 10 to 30 parts of river sand, and 0 to 4 parts of decomposed cow dung.

[0013] Further, the pine sawdust powder in the substrate is obtained by fermenting pine needles and pine bark in a ratio of 100:(20 - 40) by mass.

[0014] Further, the specific preparation method of the pine sawdust powder in the substrate is as follows: Collect the pine needles and pine bark that naturally fall in the pine forest, dry them in the sun respectively, and then crush them into particles of about 8 mm to 10 mm. The pine needles and pine bark are in a ratio of 100:(20 - 40) by mass. Then put the pine needles and pine bark into a black plastic bag. First, lay a layer of pine needles at the bottom of the bag, and then lay a layer of pine bark. After laying, evenly spray a layer of EM bacteria dilution solution. Repeat this several times until the plastic bag is full. Then tie the bag mouth. The weight increase of the EM bacteria dilution solution after spraying is 40% - 50%. Stack the plastic bags in a warm place and ferment for 3 - 6 months until completely decomposed, and set aside.

[0015] The types and components of different substrate raw materials directly affect the germination and growth of spores. The important improvement point of this application is to prepare the substrate for the spore seeding of Cibotium barometz. Using the pine needles and pine bark, which are rich in local sources in Longyan and are waste materials from pine wood processing, as raw materials, after fermentation and decomposition by EM bacteria, and then adding a porous humidity-adjusting substrate and river sand, the prepared substrate has loose soil quality, water retention and air permeability, and can regulate humidity. Compared with ordinary seeding substrates, it can greatly improve the spore germination rate of Cibotium barometz, the prothallus grows well, the seedling emergence rate is high, and it has strong resistance to the natural environment and can well adapt to the natural under-forest environment.

[0016] Further, the preparation method of the Cibotium barometz spore suspension in S3 is as follows: Add 200 mg / L - 400 mg / L of Brevibacillus brevis to clean water to prepare a spore treatment bactericide, and add the Cibotium barometz spores to the above bactericide at a ratio of 1500 mg / L, soak for 24 h, and then shake well.

[0017] Another important improvement point of this application is to use an appropriate concentration of Brevibacillus brevis and spores to be mixed and sown together. Brevibacillus brevis can help the prothallus absorb nutrients and water in the soil and enhance its disease-resistant characteristics. From the seeding results, Brevibacillus brevis has a significant promoting effect on the tuber growth of Cibotium barometz seedlings, and the seedling emergence time is shorter.

[0018] Further, the porous humidity-adjusting matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of rice husk ash, 5 parts of seaweed powder, 1 part of potassium polyacrylate, and 0.5 part of dilute phosphoric acid.

[0019] Further, the preparation method of the porous humidity-adjusting matrix is as follows: 20 parts of rice husk ash are added to 100 parts of water and fully dispersed, then 5 parts of seaweed powder, 1 part of potassium polyacrylate, and 0.5 part of dilute phosphoric acid (10%) are added. After stirring at 80°C for 3 h, 20 parts of rice husk ash are added and stirred and mixed for 30 min, followed by granulation and drying to obtain the product.

[0020] Further, the particle size of the matrix shown in S1 is in the specification of 0 mm to 6 mm; the particle size of the river sand in the matrix is 0.35 mm to 0.5 mm.

[0021] Further, in S5, supplementary lighting is carried out using a supplementary light lamp, and the lighting conditions are 100 μmol / m 2 ·s to 140 μmol / m 2 ·s, the lighting cycle is 10 h / d to 16 h / d, the temperature of the culture room is controlled at 25°C to 26°C, and the relative air humidity is 50% to 70%.

[0022] Further, the specific method of S5 is as follows:

[0023] When the first true leaf of the sporophyte seedling grows to 3 mm to 5 mm, seedling pricking and transplanting are carried out. The seedlings are transplanted into a plug tray with tweezers and continue to be cultured in the culture room;

[0024] When the seedlings grow to 3 cm to 5 cm in length, they are transferred into a seedling-raising pot with a diameter of 5 cm to 8 cm and cultured in a temperature-controlled greenhouse until the seedling height is about 6 cm to 10 cm and tubers are formed at the roots (the adaptability of the young seedlings of Cibotium barometz is poor, and the adaptability of the plants is higher after the tubers are formed. At this time, the survival rate is higher when transferred to the forest for cultivation). The seedling raising is completed and the seedlings are transferred to the forest for continued cultivation.

[0025] Further, in S3, supplementary lighting is carried out using a supplementary light lamp, and the lighting conditions are 70 μmol / m 2 ·s to 90 μmol / m 2 ·s, the lighting cycle is 8 h / d to 16 h / d, the temperature of the culture room is controlled at 25°C to 26°C, and the relative air humidity is 50% to 70%.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present application has developed a method for cultivating Cibotium barometz spores. By improving the spore cultivation substrate and perfecting and optimizing the daily cultivation and management method of the Cibotium barometz prothallus, the germination time of the seedlings can be greatly shortened, the emergence is neat, the germination rate is high, the growth and development of the prothallus of the seedlings are relatively fast, the leaves are emerald green, the time from sowing to emergence can be controlled within about 150 days, the growth of the potted seedlings of the seedlings is robust, the emergence rate of the potted seedlings reaches more than 80%, the seedlings have strong adaptability to the natural environment, do not need hardening off, and have a high survival rate when cultivated under the forest in natural conditions for 3 months. Detailed implementation manners

[0027] Next, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, the methods described are all conventional methods, and the raw materials can all be obtained from public commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] A seedling cultivation experiment was carried out in the cultivation room and temperature-controlled greenhouse of Fujian Hekang Pharmaceutical Plant Science and Technology Co., Ltd. Four experimental groups and two control groups were set up. Experimental group 1 used cultivation substrate 1; Experimental group 2 used cultivation substrate 2; Experimental group 3 used cultivation substrate 3; Experimental group 4 used cultivation substrate 4; Control group 1 used cultivation substrate 5; The cultivation substrate of Control group 2 was commercially available 0-6mm Petersen Sphagnum moss. Three seedling trays were set up for each of the four experimental groups and two control groups.

[0031] The preparation method of the cultivation substrate is as follows:

[0032] The preparation method of cultivation substrate 1 is as follows: By weight, 65 parts of pine sawdust powder, 10 parts of porous humidity-adjusting substrate, and 20 parts of river sand are mixed evenly (1.5 parts of decomposed cow dung need to be added to the cultivation substrate in the seedling pot to increase the substrate fertility. The obtained substrate can be directly used in the cultivation substrate of the seedling pot. For the seedling tray and plug tray, it needs to be crushed again to a specification of 0mm-6mm).

[0033] Among them, pine needle sawdust powder is prepared according to the following method: pine needles naturally dropped from pine forests are collected, dried and crushed into small segments of about 8mm to 10mm; pine bark from pine processing waste is collected, dried and crushed into small particles of about 8mm to 10mm; pine needles and pine bark are placed in a black plastic bag layer by layer in a mass ratio of 100:20; a layer of pine needles is first spread on the bottom of the bag, and then a layer of pine bark is spread; after spreading, a 100-fold diluted solution of EM bacteria is evenly sprayed on the bottom of the bag; this is repeated many times until the plastic bag is filled; the bag is tied after it is filled; the weight gain is controlled to 50%; the plastic bag is stacked in a warm place to ferment for 3 to 6 months until it is completely decomposed and set aside.

[0034] The porous humidity-control matrix (raw materials are in parts by weight) is prepared according to the following method: 20 parts of rice husk ash are added to 100 parts of water and fully dispersed, and then 5 parts of seaweed powder, 1 part of potassium polyacrylate and 0.5 parts of dilute phosphoric acid (10%) are added. After stirring at 80°C for 3 hours, 20 parts of rice husk ash are added and stirred for 30 minutes, and then granulated and dried.

[0035] The difference between the seedling medium 2 and the seedling medium 1 is that the pine needle sawdust powder is prepared according to the following method: the pine needle and pine bark are in a mass ratio of 100:40.

[0036] The difference between seedling medium 3 and seedling medium 1 is that the pine needle sawdust powder does not contain pine bark. The preparation method of the pine needle sawdust powder is as follows: collect pine needles naturally fallen from a pine forest, dry them in the sun, and crush them into small segments of about 8 mm to 10 mm. The processed pine needles are put into a black plastic bag layer by layer, and a layer of pine needles is first laid at the bottom of the bag. After laying, a 100-fold diluted solution of EM bacteria is evenly sprayed on it. This is repeated several times until the plastic bag is filled. After it is full, the bag is tied and the weight gain is controlled to 50%. The plastic bag is stacked in a warm place and fermented for 3 to 6 months until it is completely decomposed and set aside.

[0037] The difference between the seedling growing matrix 4 and the seedling growing matrix 1 is that the porous humidity-regulating matrix in the seedling growing matrix 2 is 20 parts.

[0038] The difference between the seedling raising matrix 5 and the seedling raising matrix 1 is that the porous moisture-regulating matrix in the matrix formula is replaced by an equal amount of rice husk ash.

[0039] The method of raising seedlings of golden fern spores is as follows:

[0040] S1: Pour the prepared matrix into the preparation barrel and stir until the matrix is dispersed without large clumps. Add water and stir evenly until the matrix can be held into a ball and falls apart. Then put the pre-wetted matrix into a cotton bag. Do not compact the bag when packing. Keeping the matrix loose is conducive to subsequent sterilization. After filling, tie the bag and sterilize it in an autoclave at 121℃ for 40 minutes. After sterilization, naturally reduce the pressure and temperature.

[0041] S2: The operation room is disinfected with ultraviolet lamps in advance, once in the morning and once in the evening, each time for 60 minutes. In the operation room, the sterilized substrate is evenly spread into a seedling-raising tray with a bottom that can leak water, with a length of 465 mm * width of 335 mm * height of 85 mm. Appropriate compaction is carried out to make the substrate flat and firm. The thickness of the substrate is about 3 cm, and it is soaked thoroughly in a tray filled with clean water. Excess water is filtered out, and it is irradiated with ultraviolet lamps for sterilization for 1 hour.

[0042] S3: The spores of Cibotium barometz are added to clean water at a ratio of 1500 mg / L and soaked for 24 h, then shaken well. The nozzle of the sprayer is adjusted to the thinnest, and it is evenly sprayed on the surface of the prepared substrate. The seeding rate for 1 seedling-raising pot is controlled at about 100 mg. Wipe the water on the edge of the culture pot dry, cover it with glass and transfer it to the culture room for cultivation (the culture room is disinfected with ultraviolet lamps once in the morning and once in the evening, each time for 60 minutes 1 day in advance), and carry out daily cultivation management until the spores germinate.

[0043] Daily cultivation management uses supplementary light lamps for supplementary lighting. The light condition is 80 μmol / m 2 ·s, the light cycle is 12 h / d, the temperature in the culture room is controlled at 25 ± 2 °C, and the relative air humidity is 50% - 60%.

[0044] About one week after sowing, if there are a lot of glass water droplets, the tray must be placed obliquely to prevent the glass water droplets from dripping and causing potholes in the substrate where the spores cannot germinate. Place it obliquely for 3 - 7 days and then lay it flat. If there are still a lot of water droplets after laying it flat, place it obliquely for a few more days and then lay it flat. At the same time, pay attention to checking the humidity change of the substrate and adjust it in time.

[0045] S4: Cultivation management in the gametophyte stage: Observe the growth state after the spores germinate. Soak it thoroughly with water once after the antheridia and archegonia are formed, so as to facilitate the combination of sperm and egg to form sporophyte seedlings.

[0046] S5: When the first true leaf of the sporophyte seedling grows to 3 mm, carry out seedling separation and transplantation. Transplant the seedlings to a 50-hole tray with tweezers and continue to cultivate in the culture room. The light condition for daily cultivation management of the hole seedlings is 120 μmol / m 2 ·s, the light cycle is 12 h / d, the temperature in the culture room is controlled at 23 ± 2 °C, and the relative air humidity is 50% - 60%.

[0047] S6: When the seedlings are cultivated to 3 cm - 5 cm in length, transfer them to a seedling-raising pot with a 5 cm diameter, and cultivate them in a temperature-controlled greenhouse until the seedling height is about 6 cm - 10 cm and tubers are formed at the roots, then the seedling raising is completed.

[0048] Statistically record the growth of seedlings at each stage. The spore germination time is based on the formation of visible filaments with the naked eye for the germination of the whole plate of seedlings. For the prothallus, it is based on clearly observing two leaves. Observe the growth and development of the prothallus, and record the seedling raising time (from sowing to when 90% of the surviving seedlings reach a height of 6 cm to 10 cm). The qualified rate of seedlings is calculated as the number of qualified strong seedlings in the cultivation pot / the total number of cultivation pots × 100%. The survival rate in the forest understory (placing each seedling raising pot on the forest planting ridge with a light transmittance of 35%) is calculated as the number of surviving seedlings after three months / the total number of cultivation pots × 100%. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0049] Table 1

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] As can be seen from Table 1, compared with experimental group 3, the spore germination time of Cibotium barometz in experimental groups 1 - 2 is shorter, the germination is neater, the growth rate of the prothallus is faster, and the seedlings have strong adaptability to the natural environment, indicating that using pine needles and pine bark in the pine sawdust powder in the seedling raising substrate has a better seedling raising effect than using only pine needles. Combining experimental groups 1 - 2 and control group 2, it can be seen that compared with the ordinary 0 - 6 mm Sphagnum peat moss of the present application, the prothallus grows and develops faster, the seedling raising time is shorter, and the seedlings have strong adaptability to the natural environment. Combining experimental group 1, 4 and control group 1, it can be known that adding an appropriate amount of porous humidity - regulating substrate to the seedling raising substrate is beneficial to spore germination and growth, shortens the seedling raising time, and improves the qualified rate of seedling raising. The seedling condition of experimental group 1 is better than that of experimental group 2, indicating that the addition amount of the porous humidity - regulating substrate in the seedling raising substrate should not be too much.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] Adopt the seedling raising substrate of experimental group 1 in Example 1 and appropriately adjust the spore seedling raising method of Cibotium barometz. The seedling raising method is as follows:

[0055] S1: Pour the prepared substrate into a preparation bucket and stir until the substrate is dispersed without large lumps. Add water and stir evenly until the substrate can form a ball when held and disperse when dropped. Then put the pre - moistened substrate into a cotton cloth bag. Do not compact it during bagging to keep the substrate loose for subsequent sterilization. After filling, tie the bag mouth tightly and sterilize it at 121 °C for 40 min in an autoclave. After sterilization, naturally reduce the pressure and cool down.

[0056] S2: The operation room is disinfected with ultraviolet lamps twice a day, morning and evening, for 60 minutes each time. In the operation room, evenly spread the sterilized substrate into a seedling raising tray with a bottom that can leak water, with a length of 465 mm * width of 335 mm * height of 85 mm. Appropriately compact it to make the substrate flat and firm. The thickness of the substrate is about 3 cm, and soak it thoroughly in a tray filled with clean water. Filter out the excess water and irradiate it with ultraviolet lamps for 1 hour for sterilization.

[0057] S3: Prepare Bacillus pumilus at a concentration of 200 mg / L as the spore treatment agent. Add the spores of Cibotium barometz at a ratio of 1500 mg / L to the above agent, soak for 24 h, and then shake well. Adjust the nozzle of the sprayer to the thinnest, and evenly spray it on the surface of the prepared substrate. The seeding rate for one seedling tray is controlled at about 100 mg. Wipe dry the moisture on the edge of the culture pot, cover it with glass, and transfer it to the culture room for cultivation (the culture room is disinfected with an ultraviolet lamp once in the morning and once in the evening for 60 minutes each day one day in advance), and conduct daily cultivation management until the spores germinate.

[0058] For daily cultivation management, use a supplementary light to provide light. The light condition is 70 μmol / m 2 ·s, the light cycle is 14 h / d, the temperature in the culture room is controlled at 25 ± 2 °C, and the relative air humidity is 60% - 70%.

[0059] About one week after sowing, if there are a lot of water droplets on the glass, the tray must be placed obliquely to prevent the water droplets from dripping and causing potholes in the substrate where the spores cannot germinate. Place it obliquely for 3 - 7 days and then flatten it. If there are still a lot of water droplets after flattening, place it obliquely for a few more days and then flatten it. At the same time, pay attention to checking the change in substrate humidity and adjust it in a timely manner.

[0060] S4: Cultivation management in the gametophyte stage: Observe the growth state after the spores germinate. After the antheridia and archegonia are formed, soak it thoroughly with water once to facilitate the combination of sperm and egg to form sporophyte seedlings.

[0061] S5: When the first true leaf of the sporophyte seedling grows to 3 mm, conduct seedling separation and transplantation. Transplant the seedlings to a 50 - hole plug tray with forceps and continue to cultivate in the culture room. The light condition for daily cultivation management of the plug seedlings is 140 μmol / m 2 ·s, the light cycle is 16 h / d, the temperature in the culture room is controlled at 23 ± 2 °C, and the relative air humidity is 60% - 70%.

[0062] S6: When the seedlings grow to 3 - 5 cm long, transfer them to a seedling pot with a 5 - cm diameter, cultivate them in a temperature - controlled greenhouse until the seedling height is about 6 - 10 cm and tubers are formed at the roots, then the seeding is completed and they are transferred to the forest for continued cultivation.

[0063] The seeding results show that the time from sowing to spore germination (visible filament formation with the naked eye) is 8 - 10 d, the emergence is neat with a high germination rate, and after germination, the prothallus grows and develops relatively fast, with green leaves. The time from sowing to emergence is 138 d. The qualified rate of seedlings is statistically 92%, the seedlings have strong adaptability to the natural environment, and the survival rate after being transferred to the forest for cultivation for 3 months is 98%.

[0064] Example 3

[0065] According to the method for cultivating Cibotium barometz spores in Example 2, the difference is that the concentration of Bacillus pumilus in S3 is 400 mg / L.

[0066] The seedling cultivation results show that the time from sowing to spore germination (visible filament formation to the naked eye) is 8d - 10d, the emergence is neat and the germination rate is high, and the prothallus grows and develops relatively fast after germination, with green leaves. The time from sowing to emergence is 142d. The qualified rate of seedlings is counted as 92%, the seedlings have strong adaptability to the natural environment, and the survival rate after being transferred to the forest for cultivation for 3 months is 97%.

[0067] Comparative Example 1

[0068] According to the method for cultivating Cibotium barometz spores in Example 2, the difference is that the concentration of Bacillus pumilus in S3 is 700 mg / L.

[0069] The seedling cultivation results show that the time from sowing to spore germination (visible filament formation to the naked eye) is 20d - 22d, the spores germinate sparsely in the cultivation pot, and the sporadic prothallus leaves that germinate are yellow or yellow - green and grow slowly.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that still modifications can be made to the specific implementation manners of the present application or equivalent replacements can be made to some technical features, and they should all be covered within the scope of the technical solutions claimed in the present application.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Cibotium barometz spores, characterized in that, The following steps are involved: S1: After the matrix is prepared, it is pre-wetted with water and then sterilized by high pressure; S2: Spread the sterilized substrate into the seedling tray as a spore sowing substrate; S3: Spray the spores of Pteris chrysantha into a suspension and place it on the seedling medium of S2, and perform daily management and cultivation until the spores germinate; S4: After the sperm and archegonium are formed, soak it in water once to facilitate the combination of sperm and egg to form sporophyte; S5: repotting the seedlings according to their growth until they are 6 cm to 10 cm tall. When the roots form tubers, the seedlings are transferred to understory cultivation. The matrix is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 to 70 parts of pine wood chip powder, 10 to 20 parts of porous moisture-control matrix, 10 to 30 parts of river sand, and 0 to 4 parts of decomposed cow dung. The porous humidity-control matrix includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of rice husk ash, 5 parts of seaweed powder, 1 part of potassium polyacrylate, and 0.5 parts of dilute phosphoric acid; the pine wood chip powder in the matrix is obtained by composting and fermenting pine needles and pine bark in a mass ratio of 100:(20-40).

2. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein The specific preparation method of the pine wood chip powder in the matrix is as follows: pine needles and pine bark naturally fallen from a pine forest are collected, dried in the sun, and then crushed into 8mm-10mm particles, with the mass ratio of pine needles to pine bark being 100:(20-40), and then the pine needles and pine bark are placed in a black plastic bag, a layer of pine needles is first laid on the bottom of the bag, and then a layer of pine bark is laid, and after laying, the EM bacteria dilution solution is evenly sprayed on the bottom of the bag, and this process is repeated multiple times until the plastic bag is full, and then the bag is tied, and the EM bacteria dilution solution is sprayed to increase the weight by 40%-50%, and the plastic bag is stacked in a warm place to ferment for 3-6 months until it is completely decomposed, and then set aside.

3. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein, The preparation method of the golden dog fern spore suspension described in S3 is: adding 200mg / L to 400mg / L of Bacillus pumilus to clean water to prepare a spore treatment agent, adding golden dog fern spores at a ratio of 1500mg / L to the above-mentioned agent, soaking for 24 hours and then shaking thoroughly.

4. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein The porous humidity-control matrix is prepared by adding 20 parts of rice husk ash to 100 parts of water and fully dispersing the mixture. Then, 5 parts of seaweed powder, 1 part of potassium polyacrylate, and 0.5 parts of dilute phosphoric acid (10%) are added. The mixture is stirred at 80° C. for 3 hours, and then 20 parts of rice husk ash is added, stirred, and mixed for 30 minutes before granulation and drying.

5. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein The particle size of the matrix shown in S1 is 0 mm to 6 mm; the particle size of the river sand in the matrix is 0.35 mm to 0.5 mm.

6. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein, The specific method of S5 is: When the first true leaf of the sporophyte seedlings is 3mm to 5mm long, the seedlings are divided and transplanted. The seedlings are transplanted to the plug tray with tweezers and continued to be cultured in the culture room. When the seedlings are 3cm to 5cm long, they are transferred to 5cm to 8cm diameter seedling pots. They are cultivated in a temperature-controlled greenhouse until the seedlings are 6cm to 10cm tall and the roots form tubers. Then, the seedlings are transferred to the forest for further cultivation.

7. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the daily management and cultivation described in S3, supplementary lighting is carried out using supplementary light lamps, and the light conditions are 70 μmol / m 2 ·s to 90 μmol / m 2 ·s, the light cycle is 8 h / d to 16 h / d, the temperature in the cultivation room is controlled at 25°C to 26°C, and the relative air humidity is 50% to 70%.

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