An ecological protection structure of an original main river channel of an artificial canal

Abstract

The application discloses an ecological protection structure of an original main river channel of an artificial canal, which comprises an original main river channel bend, a branch stream and a canal. The branch stream flows into the original main river channel bend to divide the original main river channel bend into an upstream river section and a downstream river section. The canal has two intersection openings with the original main river channel bend. From upstream to downstream, the two intersection openings are an upstream intersection opening and a downstream intersection opening. A stilling basin is arranged in the downstream river section. A sand guide ridge is arranged near the downstream river section corresponding to the branch stream, so as to guide the silt and part of the water body of the branch stream to the upstream river section. A dike is arranged at the upstream intersection opening. A plurality of water passing grooves are formed in the top end of the dike. The water passing grooves are arranged at intervals. The groove bottom height of the water passing grooves is higher than the water level of the canal in the dry season and lower than the flood level of the canal in the flood season. The ecological protection structure can keep the water body of the upstream river section flowing all the year round and keep the biodiversity of the upstream river section.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, and relates to an artificial canal, in particular to an original main river ecological protection structure of an artificial canal. BACKGROUND

[0002] As an important part of waterways, canals greatly shorten the shipping distance, and are favored by countries around the world due to the advantages of short shipping distance, large shipping volume and low shipping cost, and play an important role in economic and social development. The construction of canals is usually based on the reconstruction of natural river channels, and there are many winding river sections in natural rivers. In order to shorten the shipping distance of the canal and reduce the degree of curvature of the waterway, the bending cutting method is usually used for the river section with a large degree of curvature in the original river channel.

[0003] Figure 1 A typical canal bending cutting waterway confluence situation is shown. The original main river channel 100 is winding and curved, and a tributary 200 flows into the original main river channel at the curved section of the original main river channel. The original main river channel 100 is divided into an upstream river section 110 and a downstream river section 120 based on the confluence of the tributary 200. The canal 300 straightens the bending of the original main river channel 100, and there are two confluences between the canal 300 and the curved section of the original main river channel 100, which are the upstream confluence 400 and the downstream confluence 500 from upstream to downstream. If the tributary 200 flows into the canal 300 through the upstream river section 110, it will inevitably collide with the main flow in the canal 300, making the flow pattern of the canal water at the upstream confluence 400 complex and not conducive to the safety of the canal navigation. Therefore, a dike is usually built at the upstream confluence 400 to cut off the water flow between the canal 300 and the upstream river section 110, and the water of the tributary 200 flows into the canal 300 through the downstream confluence 500 via the downstream river section 120. In order to reduce the impact of the tributary 200 on the water body of the canal 300, a stilling basin 121 is usually provided at a certain position of the downstream river section 120.

[0004] However, such cutting off of the water flow in the curved section of the original main river channel usually causes the riverbed of the downstream river section to be lower than that of the upstream river section, and the water of the tributary will flow downstream, causing the upstream river section to be dry all year round. Even during the flood season of the tributary, only a small amount of water flows into the upstream river section, and the upstream river section is still dry during the dry season of the tributary. The drying of the upstream river section will seriously affect the aquatic organisms in the upstream river section and the vegetation on both banks of the river, causing a sharp decrease in biodiversity. Therefore, for the canal bending cutting waterway confluence situation shown in Figure 1 How to reduce the impact of canal bending cutting on the ecological environment of the original river channel and keep the water in the upstream river section flowing all year round and maintain the biodiversity of the upstream river section is a technical problem that those skilled in the art expect to solve. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide an ecological protection structure of an original main river channel of an artificial canal, which can keep the water body of an upstream river section flowing all year round and maintain the biodiversity of the upstream river section.

[0006] The technical solution of the present application is implemented as follows:

[0007] The ecological protection structure of the original main river channel of the artificial canal comprises an original main river channel bend, a tributary and a canal.

[0008] A sediment guiding ridge is arranged near the downstream river section corresponding to the tributary to guide the sediment and part of the water body of the tributary to the upstream river section.

[0009] A dike is arranged at the upstream intersection, and a plurality of water passing grooves are formed in the top end of the dike.

[0010] Further, a plurality of U-shaped dams are arranged in the upstream river section, and the openings of the U-shaped dams are directed towards the direction of the water flow of the original main river channel.

[0011] Further, the top of the U-shaped dam is higher than the water level of the upstream river section in the dry season and lower than the water level of the upstream river section in the flood season.

[0012] Further, the middle part and both ends of the dam body of the U-shaped dam are in the form of a circular arc, so that the water flow is smoothly and stably transferred.

[0013] Further, the U-shaped dam is constructed by using gabion stone cages.

[0014] Further, the top end of the sediment guiding ridge is in the form of an arc, which facilitates the smooth flow of the water flow of the tributary into the downstream river section.

[0015] Further, emergent plants are planted on both banks of the original main river channel inside the dike to reduce the erosion of the ship wave of the canal to the soil banks of the upstream river section.

[0016] Further, the dike is constructed by using rockfill or gabion stone cages.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. The application can keep the water body of the upstream river section flowing all the year round, and in dry season, forms an ecological conservation area to provide habitat for benthic organisms and fish, and water source for water organisms and slope vegetation, thus maintaining the biodiversity of the upstream river section; in flood season, stores water to reduce the scouring degree of the stilling basin and the sediment discharge of the tributary into the canal.

[0019] 2. The application sets a sand guiding ridge near the downstream river section corresponding to the tributary, which has the functions of guiding flow and sand, and can guide part of the water body into the upstream after the tributary flows into the main river, so that the water body of the upstream river section is in a flowing state all the year round; at the same time, the sand of the tributary can be guided to the upstream river section to reduce the sediment discharge of the tributary into the canal, so that the upstream river section can also be used as a sediment accumulation area of the tributary to reduce the sediment accumulation in the canal.

[0020] 3. The application sets a U-shaped dam in the upstream river section to adjust the flow distribution ratio of the tributary into the upstream and downstream river sections, and cooperates with the sand guiding ridge to guide most of the water flow of the tributary to the downstream river section while ensuring part of the water flow to flow into the upstream river section. The opening of the U-shaped dam faces the water flow direction of the original main river, and a semi-closed still water area is formed behind the U-shaped dam, which forms a diversified flow field with rapids and slow flow alternately, thus providing a shelter for biological habitat, thereby ensuring the biodiversity of the upstream river section.

[0021] 4. The application sets a spur dike at the upstream junction, and a water passage is formed at the top end of the spur dike. In dry season, the water body of the canal will not flow into the original main river bend section, thereby reducing the lateral flow velocity of the canal and ensuring the navigation demand of the canal; in flood season, the water body of the canal can flow into the upstream river section through the water passage to store flood water. At the same time, when the tributary is in flood season, part of the water body of the tributary can be discharged into the canal through the upstream river section, which reduces the inflow and flow velocity of the downstream river section, improves the navigation guarantee of the ship, and further reduces the scouring of the tributary to the stilling basin.

[0022] Through the sand guiding ridge, the spur dike and the U-shaped dam, the dry flood storage can be adjusted, the energy and material exchange between the upstream river section and the artificial canal and the tributary in flood season and dry season can be ensured, the water body of the upstream river section can be effectively kept flowing, and the aquatic ecological environment of the upstream river section can be protected. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 - A typical canal straightening river channel confluence situation schematic diagram.

[0024] Figure 2 - A structural schematic diagram of the application.

[0025] Figure 3 - A structural schematic diagram of the spur dike.

[0026] Figure 4 - A structural schematic diagram of the U-shaped dam.

[0027] Wherein: 100 - original main river channel; 110 - upstream river section; 111 - dike; 112 - U-shaped dam; 120 - downstream river section; 121 - stilling basin; 122 - sand guiding ridge; 200 - tributary; 300 - canal; 400 - upstream confluence; 500 - downstream confluence. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] Figure 1 and Figure 2 The arrow direction is the water flow direction.

[0030] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 An ecological protection structure of an original main river channel of an artificial canal comprises an original main river channel 100, a tributary 200 and a canal 300. The tributary 200 flows into the original main river channel 100 to divide the original main river channel 100 into an upstream river section 110 and a downstream river section 120. The canal 300 has two confluences with the original main river channel 100. From upstream to downstream, the two confluences are an upstream confluence 400 and a downstream confluence 500 respectively. A stilling basin 121 is arranged in the downstream river section 120.

[0031] A sand guiding ridge 122 is arranged near the downstream river section 120 corresponding to the tributary 200 to guide the sand and part of the water of the tributary 200 to the upstream river section 110.

[0032] A dike 111 is arranged at the upstream confluence 400. A plurality of water passing grooves are arranged at the top end of the dike 111. The water passing grooves are arranged at intervals. The groove bottom of the water passing grooves is higher than the water level of the canal in dry season and lower than the flood water level of the canal in flood season.

[0033] The stilling basin is arranged in the downstream river section to perform energy dissipation on the water flow of the tributary flowing into the downstream river section, thereby reducing the impact of the water flow of the tributary flowing into the downstream river section on the water body of the canal.

[0034] The sand guiding ridge is arranged near the downstream river section corresponding to the tributary. The sand guiding ridge has the functions of guiding water flow and guiding sand. The sand guiding ridge can guide part of the water of the tributary flowing into the downstream river section to the upstream river section, so that the water body of the upstream river section is in a flowing state all year round. Meanwhile, the sand guiding ridge can guide the sand of the tributary to the upstream river section, so as to reduce the sand carrying capacity of the tributary flowing into the canal. The upstream river section can also be used as a sand storage area of the tributary to reduce the sand accumulation in the canal.

[0035] In specific application, the sand guiding ridge can be arranged in a straight line or an arc shape according to the actual topography of the river channel, which is not limited herein. Meanwhile, the sand guiding ridge should have a certain height, but should not be too high to avoid blocking the water flow of the tributary from flowing downstream. The actual height should be determined according to the local water flow condition and the characteristics of the sand.

[0036] The bottom of the groynes is higher than the canal water level during the dry season but lower than the canal flood level during the flood season. This prevents canal water from flowing into the bends of the main channel during the dry season, reducing the lateral flow velocity and ensuring navigational needs. During the flood season, canal water can flow into the upstream section of the canal through the groynes, serving a flood storage function. Simultaneously, when tributaries are in flood season, some of the tributary water can be discharged into the canal through the upstream section, reducing the inflow and velocity in the downstream section, improving navigation safety, and mitigating the scouring of the stilling basin by the tributaries. This allows for a reduction in the length of the stilling basin and lower engineering costs.

[0037] A schematic diagram of the groynes is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the groynes are constructed from gabion cages or piled with boulders. The boulders can be sourced locally from stones excavated from artificial canals, making construction convenient.

[0038] In practice, several U-shaped dams 112 are installed in the upstream river section 110. All U-shaped dams 112 are spaced apart, and the opening of each U-shaped dam 112 faces the direction of the original main river channel 100 water flow.

[0039] U-shaped dams can reduce the flow area of ​​the upstream river section, thereby adjusting the diversion ratio of tributaries entering the upstream and downstream sections. In practical applications, by adjusting the number of U-shaped dams, while ensuring that some tributary flow is directed upstream, most of the tributary flow is directed downstream of the original main channel. Simultaneously, the opening of the U-shaped dam faces the direction of the original main channel flow, creating a semi-enclosed still water area behind the dam. This constructs a diverse flow field alternating between rapid and slow currents, providing shelter for biological habitats and thus contributing to the preservation of biodiversity in the upstream section. Figure 2 As shown, there are multiple U-shaped dams in the upstream river section, which are spaced apart along the length and width of the upstream river section.

[0040] In practice, the crest height of the U-shaped dam 112 is higher than the dry season water level of the upstream river section 110, but lower than the flood season water level of the upstream river section 110. The middle and both ends of the U-shaped dam 112 are arc-shaped, allowing for a smooth transition of water flow. The U-shaped dam is constructed using gabion stone cages. A schematic diagram of the U-shaped dam is shown below. Figure 4 As shown.

[0041] In practice, the top of the guide sand embankment 122 is arc-shaped to facilitate the smooth flow of the tributary 200 into the downstream river section 120.

[0042] In practice, emergent plants were planted on both banks of the original main channel inside the groyne 111 to reduce the erosion of the soil riverbanks of the upstream section 110 by the waves of the 300 boats traveling in the canal.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments of the present application are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make other changes and modifications to the embodiments described above on the basis of the above description. Here, all the embodiments cannot be exhaustively listed. Any obvious changes or modifications derived from the technical solutions of the present application are still within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An ecological protection structure of an original main river channel of an artificial canal, comprising an original main river channel bend, a branch stream and a canal, the branch stream flows into the original main river channel bend to divide the original main river channel bend into an upstream river section and a downstream river section, the canal has two intersection openings with the original main river channel bend, from upstream to downstream, the two intersection openings are an upstream intersection opening and a downstream intersection opening respectively; a stilling basin is arranged in the downstream river section; characterized in that: a sand guiding ridge is arranged near the downstream river section corresponding to the branch stream, so as to guide the silt and part of the water body of the branch stream to the upstream river section; a dike is arranged at the upstream intersection opening, a plurality of water passing grooves are arranged at the top end of the dike, the water passing grooves are arranged at intervals, the groove bottom of the water passing grooves is higher than the water level of the canal in the dry season and lower than the flood level of the canal in the flood season; a plurality of U-shaped dams are arranged in the upstream river section, the U-shaped dams are arranged at intervals, and the opening of each U-shaped dam faces the direction of the water flow of the original main river channel; the dam top of the U-shaped dam is higher than the water level of the upstream river section in the dry season and lower than the water level of the upstream river section in the flood season; the middle part and both ends of the dam body of the U-shaped dam are arc-shaped, so that the water flow is smoothly and transitionally; the U-shaped dam is constructed by gabion stone cages; the top end of the sand guiding ridge is arc-shaped, so as to smoothly flow the water flow of the branch stream into the downstream river section; emergent plants are planted on both banks of the original main river channel inside the dike, so as to reduce the erosion of the ship wave of the canal to the soil bank of the upstream river section; the dike is constructed by rockfill or gabion stone cages. ​ ​ 2. The ecological protection structure of the original river channel of an artificial canal according to claim 1, characterized in that, ​ 3. The ecological protection structure of the original river channel of an artificial canal according to claim 2, characterized in that, ​ 4. The ecological protection structure of the original river channel of an artificial canal according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, ​ 5. The ecological protection structure of the original river channel of an artificial canal according to claim 2, characterized in that, ​ 6. The ecological protection structure of the original river channel of an artificial canal according to claim 1, characterized in that, ​ 7. The ecological protection structure of the original river channel of an artificial canal according to claim 1, characterized in that, ​ 8. The ecological protection structure of the original river channel of an artificial canal according to claim 1, characterized in that, ​

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