A resonant circuit structure and operation method for a multi-stage coil electromagnetic gun

Abstract

The present invention discloses a resonant energy compensation circuit structure and operating method for a multi-stage coil electromagnetic gun. The circuit structure includes a first main energy storage unit with polarity, a first fully controlled switch, a first freewheeling diode, and at least one group of acceleration networks. The acceleration network includes a multi-stage first acceleration circuit, a second acceleration circuit, a non-polar auxiliary energy storage unit, or may also include a second main energy storage unit and a second freewheeling diode. By controlling the cyclic operation of multiple groups of acceleration networks, and in each round of circulation, each group of acceleration networks first turns on the first acceleration circuit of one level in turn, and then turns on the second acceleration circuit of one level in turn. The present invention can design a multi-stage electromagnetic gun using a small number of components, and the circuit structure is compact, lightweight, and portable. The present invention uses high-voltage film capacitors to participate in energy recovery and release, which can improve the transmission power and efficiency of the multi-stage electromagnetic gun.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of magnetoresistive electromagnetic launchers, in particular to an energy compensation resonant circuit structure for a multi-stage coil electromagnetic gun, and a corresponding operating method. Background Art

[0002] An electromagnetic gun is an acceleration device that converts electromagnetic energy into kinetic energy. Currently, due to limitations in materials, power supplies, and switching devices, electromagnetic guns are often deployed on ships or vehicles, with relatively few small, high-powered electromagnetic guns available.

[0003] Currently, in the field of portable electromagnetic gun devices, the magnetoresistive coil gun, which works on the “principle of minimum magnetic resistance”, has great potential [1]. Since it does not require sliding contact power supply, has relatively high efficiency and good reliability, the magnetoresistive type is very likely to become the mainstream solution for practical electromagnetic guns.

[0004] Currently, most common magnetoresistive coil guns use capacitor energy storage and thyristor discharge circuits. After the iron core passes through the coil, the capacitor is completely discharged, the current is reduced, and the projectile is launched by inertia. However, because the current in the inductor cannot drop quickly, the tension hinders the movement of the projectile after passing the midpoint of the coil, greatly reducing efficiency. For example, the three-stage electromagnetic gun made in the literature [2] has an overall efficiency of less than 1%. Even after algorithm and structural optimization, the efficiency is still not high due to the limitations of traditional topology [3]. Therefore, it is necessary to design a reasonable circuit topology to significantly improve performance.

[0005] Zhu Hongqiang. Research on related issues of electromagnetic guns (magnetic resistance coil type) [D]. Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2007.

[0006] Fei Fucong, Li Yuancheng, Tang Yong, Lu Yuanyuan, Ni Guangyuan, Huang Xiaoqin. Fabrication and research of multi-stage magnetoresistive electromagnetic gun based on sensor control[J]. Physics and Engineering, 2013, 23(01): 25-28+35.

[0007] Zhang Hongxu. Research on the emission efficiency of multi-stage magnetoresistive electromagnetic gun[D]. Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2019.DOI:10.27241 / d.cnki.gnjgu.2019.000379. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide an energy compensation resonant circuit structure for a multi-stage coil electromagnetic gun to improve the efficiency and power of the coil-type electromagnetic gun in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0009] The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:

[0010] A resonant energy compensation circuit structure for a multi-stage coil electromagnetic gun includes a first main energy storage unit with polarity, a first fully-controlled switch, a first freewheeling diode, and at least one acceleration network; the first freewheeling diode is connected in parallel with the first main energy storage unit in phase, and the first fully-controlled switch is connected between the first main energy storage unit and the first freewheeling diode;

[0011] The acceleration network includes at least one first acceleration circuit, a non-polarity auxiliary energy storage unit, and a second acceleration circuit with the same number of stages as the first acceleration circuit; each of the first and second acceleration circuits includes an acceleration coil and a half-controlled switch connected in series; each of the first acceleration circuits is connected between the first freewheeling diode and the auxiliary energy storage unit in the discharge direction of the first main energy storage unit; and each of the second acceleration circuits is connected to both ends of the auxiliary energy storage unit in a direction opposite to the direction in which the first main energy storage unit charges the auxiliary energy storage unit.

[0012] The first main energy storage unit, the first freewheeling diode, and one end of the auxiliary energy storage unit that is not connected to the first acceleration circuit are at the same potential.

[0013] Preferably, the first end of the first freewheeling diode is connected to the first end of the first main energy storage unit with opposite polarity through the first fully-controlled switch;

[0014] The first acceleration circuits at each level are connected between the first end of the first freewheeling diode and the first end of the auxiliary energy storage unit along the discharge direction of the first main energy storage unit; the second acceleration circuits at each level are connected between the first end and the second end of the auxiliary energy storage unit;

[0015] The second end of the first main energy storage unit, the second end of the first freewheeling diode, and the second end of the auxiliary energy storage unit are at the same potential.

[0016] Preferably, at least one group of the acceleration network further includes a second main energy storage unit, a second fully-controlled switch, and a second freewheeling diode; the circuit formed by the second main energy storage unit, the second fully-controlled switch, the second freewheeling diode, and the second acceleration circuits at each stage is symmetrical with the circuit formed by the first main energy storage unit, the first fully-controlled switch, the first freewheeling diode, and the first acceleration circuits at each stage with respect to the auxiliary energy storage unit.

[0017] Preferably, the first main energy storage unit is a high energy storage density polar element, and the auxiliary energy storage unit is a high voltage non-polar element.

[0018] Preferably, within each acceleration network, the acceleration coils of the first acceleration circuit and the acceleration coils of the second acceleration circuit are arranged alternately; furthermore, the acceleration coils of each acceleration network are arranged in a staggered manner according to the arrangement order of each acceleration network. That is, after the first acceleration circuits of each acceleration network are arranged in sequence, the second acceleration circuits of each acceleration network are arranged in sequence, and the remaining first acceleration circuits and second acceleration circuits are arranged similarly.

[0019] The present invention also provides an operating method for the above-mentioned energy compensation resonant circuit structure for a multi-stage coil electromagnetic gun. The acceleration network of the circuit structure does not contain a main energy storage unit. In the energy compensation resonant circuit structure for the multi-stage coil electromagnetic gun, in each group of acceleration networks, the acceleration coils of the first acceleration circuit and the acceleration coils of the second acceleration circuit are arranged alternately; and the acceleration coils of each group of acceleration networks are arranged in an interlaced manner according to the arrangement order of each group of acceleration networks. The method includes:

[0020] According to the order of arrangement of the acceleration coils in each group of acceleration networks, the following is executed cyclically:

[0021] According to the order in which each group of acceleration networks is arranged, starting from the first group of acceleration networks, execute them in sequence (that is, execute them once for each group of acceleration networks):

[0022] Turning on the first full-control switch and the half-control switch of the acceleration coil of the first acceleration circuit of the current stage of the current group of acceleration networks; so that the first main energy storage unit charges the acceleration coil of the first acceleration circuit of the current stage, causing it to undergo an excitation process;

[0023] After the first time period, the first fully-controlled switch is turned off for a second time period; that is, after the first excitation time period, the first fully-controlled switch is turned off, allowing the acceleration coil to continue current through the auxiliary energy storage unit and the first freewheeling diode, while charging the auxiliary energy storage unit to achieve energy recovery. After the second time period, the current of the first acceleration circuit decreases to a level that cannot keep the half-controlled switch on. At this time, the first acceleration circuit is turned off, and the remaining energy is retained in the auxiliary energy storage unit.

[0024] Then, according to the order in which the acceleration networks are arranged, starting from the first group of acceleration networks, execute the following in sequence:

[0025] The half-controlled switch of the acceleration coil of the current second-stage acceleration circuit of the current group of acceleration networks is turned on for a third duration. After all acceleration networks have switched on their first acceleration circuits once, all of their auxiliary energy storage units are now filled with energy. The second-stage acceleration circuits of each group of acceleration networks are then switched on in sequence, using the energy in the auxiliary energy storage units to power the acceleration coils of the second acceleration circuits. After the third duration, the current in the second acceleration circuits drops to a point where it is difficult to maintain the half-controlled switch on. The second acceleration circuits are then turned off, the energy in the auxiliary energy storage units is depleted, and the polarity is reversed. Once all acceleration networks have switched on their first-stage second acceleration circuits, one cycle is complete.

[0026] The present invention also provides an operating method for the above-mentioned alternative energy compensation resonant circuit structure for a multi-stage coil electromagnetic gun, wherein all acceleration networks in the circuit structure include a main energy storage unit. In the energy compensation resonant circuit structure for a multi-stage coil electromagnetic gun, all acceleration networks include a second main energy storage unit, a second fully controlled switch, and a second freewheeling diode. In each group of acceleration networks, the acceleration coils of the first acceleration circuit and the acceleration coils of the second acceleration circuit are arranged alternately; and the acceleration coils of each group of acceleration networks are arranged in an interlaced manner according to the arrangement order of each group of acceleration networks. The method includes:

[0027] According to the order of arrangement of the acceleration coils in each group of acceleration networks, the following is executed cyclically:

[0028] According to the order of arrangement of each group of acceleration networks, start from the first group of acceleration networks and execute them in sequence;

[0029] Turning on the first full-control switch and the half-control switch of the acceleration coil of the first acceleration circuit of the current stage of the current group of acceleration networks;

[0030] After the first time period, turning off the first fully-controlled switch for a second time period;

[0031] Then, according to the order in which the acceleration networks are arranged, starting from the first group of acceleration networks, execute the following in sequence:

[0032] Turning on the second full-control switch of the current group of acceleration networks and the half-control switch of the acceleration coil of the current stage second acceleration circuit of the current group of acceleration networks;

[0033] After the third time period, the second full-control switch of the current group acceleration network is turned off for a fourth time period.

[0034] The present invention also provides an operating method for the aforementioned alternative energy compensation resonant circuit structure for a multi-stage coil electromagnetic gun, wherein a portion of the acceleration network of the circuit structure includes a main energy storage unit. In the energy compensation resonant circuit structure for the multi-stage coil electromagnetic gun, the portion of the acceleration network includes a second main energy storage unit, a second fully controlled switch, and a second freewheeling diode. In each group of acceleration networks, the acceleration coils of the first acceleration circuit and the acceleration coils of the second acceleration circuit are arranged alternately; and the acceleration coils of each group of acceleration networks are arranged in an interlaced manner according to the arrangement order of the respective acceleration networks. The method is characterized in that:

[0035] According to the order of arrangement of the acceleration coils in each group of acceleration networks, the following is executed cyclically:

[0036] According to the order in which each group of acceleration networks is arranged, starting from the first group of acceleration networks, execute the following in sequence:

[0037] Turning on the first full-control switch and the half-control switch of the acceleration coil of the first acceleration circuit of the current stage of the current group of acceleration networks;

[0038] After the first time period, turning off the first fully-controlled switch for a second time period;

[0039] Then, according to the order in which the acceleration networks are arranged, starting from the first group of acceleration networks, execute the following in sequence:

[0040] If the current group of acceleration network includes the second main energy storage unit, the second fully controlled switch and the second freewheeling diode, then,

[0041] Turning on the second full-control switch of the current group of acceleration networks and the half-control switch of the acceleration coil of the current stage second acceleration circuit of the current group of acceleration networks;

[0042] After the third time period, the second full-control switch of the current group acceleration network is turned off for a fourth time period;

[0043] If the current group of acceleration network does not include the second main energy storage unit, the second fully controlled switch and the second freewheeling diode, then,

[0044] The half-controlled switch of the acceleration coil of the second acceleration circuit of the current stage of the current group of acceleration networks is turned on for a third time period.

[0045] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0046] 1. The present invention recycles the current from the first acceleration circuit to accelerate the acceleration coil of the second acceleration circuit, thereby fully utilizing the energy of the primary energy storage unit and improving the efficiency of the electromagnetic gun. Furthermore, during the discharge of the secondary energy storage unit, the voltage polarity reverses when the current passes through zero, facilitating the next increase in the operating voltage of the first acceleration circuit, thereby increasing the acceleration power of the projectile.

[0047] 2. This invention allows for the expansion of the number of acceleration network groups. The compact multi-stage acceleration network structure allows for continuous acceleration of the projectile, increasing the generated power. During projectile launch, the resonance process continuously raises the voltage, allowing the acceleration coil to withstand a voltage far higher than that of the main energy storage unit. This allows capacitor-based energy storage to achieve higher transmission power or significantly reduces the voltage requirement for the main energy storage unit, making battery-driven direct-drive launchers more practical.

[0048] 3. The circuit topology of the present invention has few circuit components, and even if a multi-stage acceleration network is designed, the miniaturization design feature of the electromagnetic gun device can be maintained.

[0049] 4. The present invention's main energy storage unit can be formed by connecting multiple small capacitors in parallel, significantly reducing the loss of capacitor internal resistance during the entire launch process. Furthermore, the main energy storage unit is not fully discharged, and constant current charging can maintain a high charging power, which helps to improve launch power. Each group of acceleration networks shares the first main energy storage unit, allowing the electromagnetic gun to centrally place energy storage components, making it easier for individual soldiers to equip it.

[0050] 5. The present invention can omit all fully controlled switches and freewheeling diodes and only use half-controlled switches for switch control, which automatically shuts down when the current decreases. Compared with the use of fully controlled switches such as MOS tubes and IGBTs for control, higher transmission power can be obtained, that is, higher kinetic energy can be obtained at the same acceleration length. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] The present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0052] Figure 1 This is an embodiment of the present invention in which the energy compensation resonant circuit structure includes a group of acceleration networks.

[0053] Figure 2 It is the equivalent circuit when the first acceleration circuit is working.

[0054] Figure 3 It is the equivalent circuit of the freewheeling stage of the first acceleration circuit.

[0055] Figure 4 This is the equivalent circuit when the second acceleration circuit is working.

[0056] Figure 5 It is the equivalent circuit of the first acceleration circuit.

[0057] Figure 6 、 Figure 7 They are Figure 1 Two variants of the shown embodiment.

[0058] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Derivative embodiments of the embodiments.

[0059] Figure 9 This is an embodiment of the present invention in which the energy compensation resonant circuit structure includes two sets of acceleration networks.

[0060] Figure 10 、 Figure 11 These are control circuit embodiments of a full-control switch and a half-control switch respectively.

[0061] Figure 12-14 The following are the current diagrams of the three stages of excitation, freewheeling, and energy recovery during the acceleration network operation process.

[0062] Figure 15-18 Respectively for Figure 9 The test waveform diagram obtained by the simulation experiment in the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] All features disclosed in this specification, or all steps in the disclosed methods or processes, except mutually exclusive features and / or steps, can be combined in any manner.

[0064] Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any appended claims and abstract), unless otherwise stated, may be replaced by other equivalent or similar features. That is, unless otherwise stated, each feature is only an example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

[0065] Capacitors and batteries are commonly used as energy storage components in portable electromagnetic launchers. Compared to gunpowder, these components have lower energy storage density. Switching devices are also a bottleneck in increasing transmission power. Without significant breakthroughs in energy storage materials and related devices, it is unrealistic for electromagnetic weapons to completely replace gunpowder weapons. However, improving topology can maximize performance using existing materials.

[0066] Magnetoresistive electromagnetic launch utilizes high currents to generate strong magnetic fields to accelerate projectiles, so the impact of the device's internal resistance is significant. Among energy storage capacitors, high-voltage, non-polar thin-film capacitors generally have extremely low internal resistance and extremely high power, but their energy density is relatively low. Small electrolytic capacitors and batteries have relatively high energy storage densities, but their internal resistance is often relatively large. Therefore, the present invention considers utilizing a topological structure that combines the advantages of both, resulting in a high energy storage density, very low internal resistance, and high pulse power, while also enabling energy recovery and improving launch efficiency.

[0067] The present invention utilizes a large electrolytic capacitor or battery as the main energy storage unit to provide energy storage, and replenishes energy for the high-voltage non-polar capacitor (secondary energy storage unit) during the projectile launch process. The high-voltage non-polar capacitor forms a resonant circuit with the acceleration coil during the launch process, and utilizes resonance to recover coil energy to achieve high-efficiency utilization of energy. The use of a semi-controlled device SCR (thyristor) as a switching element of the acceleration circuit can reduce the driving difficulty and make the circuit more streamlined. Compared with fully controlled devices such as IGBT and MOS, SCR has the characteristic of large power capacity. Using SCR can achieve a greater transmission power, that is, higher kinetic energy can be achieved on the same acceleration length, but the present invention is not limited to the use of SCR.

[0068] Problems to be solved or effects to be achieved by the present invention:

[0069] (1) The design of the present invention further improves the performance of the electromagnetic gun, promotes the miniaturization and portability of the electromagnetic gun, and promotes the practical application of the electromagnetic gun.

[0070] (2) The design of the present invention realizes the recycling of energy between the energy storage capacitor, the multi-stage coil and the high-voltage non-polar capacitor to improve efficiency. At the same time, it combines the advantages of the relatively high energy storage density of the electrolytic capacitor and the advantages of the extremely low internal resistance and high voltage resistance of the film capacitor.

[0071] (3) The energy storage devices are relatively concentrated, which facilitates the design of the electromagnetic gun's mechanical structure. The main energy storage components are placed in a centralized manner, making them easy to manage and carry. At the same time, it solves the disadvantages of the existing multi-stage electromagnetic gun, such as using one electrolytic capacitor per stage, resulting in large internal resistance loss and high requirements for the quality of the electrolytic capacitor.

[0072] (4) By utilizing the resonance process during transmission to continuously raise the voltage, the transmitting coil can obtain a voltage much higher than that of the main energy storage system, which reduces the requirements for the main power supply voltage and makes a battery-driven transmitter possible.

[0073] Glossary:

[0074] Fully controlled switch: A semiconductor switch with full control capability, such as MOS tubes, IGBTs, etc.

[0075] Half-controlled switch: A semiconductor switch with half-controlled capability, such as SCR thyristor, spark gap switch, etc.

[0076] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the terms "first," "second," and so on, are used solely to distinguish the objects being described and do not limit their specific attributes. The terms "first duration," "second duration," and so on, are used to illustrate the existence of a pause and do not limit the specific durations or whether they must be the same. These terms can be set based on actual circumstances in specific application scenarios.

[0077] Example 1

[0078] This embodiment introduces a resonant energy compensation circuit structure (hereinafter referred to as the circuit structure) for a multi-stage coil electromagnetic gun. This embodiment describes the circuit structure by including a set of acceleration networks, and the structure of multiple sets of acceleration networks is similarly expanded on this basis.

[0079] like Figure 1As shown, the circuit structure includes a polarized first main energy storage unit C1, a first fully-controlled switch Q1, a first freewheeling diode D0, and a set of acceleration networks, the acceleration network including a secondary energy storage unit C2. The first main energy storage unit C1 is a large-capacity, high-density energy storage polarized component, and the secondary energy storage unit C2 is a small-capacity, high-voltage, non-polarized component. Both the first main energy storage unit C1 and the secondary energy storage unit C2 can be composed of multiple small components connected together. The first freewheeling diode D0 is connected in parallel with the first main energy storage unit C1 in phase, which means that the polarity of the first freewheeling diode D0 is the same as that of the first main energy storage unit C1. After being connected in parallel, the conduction direction is opposite to the discharge direction of the first main energy storage unit C1. The first fully-controlled switch Q1 is connected between the first freewheeling diode D0 and the first main energy storage unit C1.

[0080] The acceleration network includes three levels (other levels can be added or deleted similarly, and all embodiments of the present invention are applicable) of the first acceleration circuit and the second acceleration circuit, and also includes a non-polar auxiliary energy storage unit C2. Each level of the acceleration circuit includes an acceleration coil and a corresponding half-controlled switch (level selection switch) connected in series. For example, in the figure, the Nth (N=1,2...6) level acceleration circuit includes the Nth level acceleration coil LN and the Nth level half-controlled switch DN. In each level of the acceleration circuit, the conduction direction of all the first acceleration circuits is the same, and the conduction direction of all the second acceleration circuits is also the same, and they form a parallel structure respectively. The first acceleration circuits of each level are connected between the first freewheeling diode D0 and the auxiliary energy storage unit C2 along the discharge direction of the first main energy storage unit C1, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown, one end of each first acceleration circuit is connected to the cathode of the first freewheeling diode D0, and the other end is connected to the secondary energy storage unit C2. Of course, the first acceleration circuit of each stage can also be connected between the secondary energy storage unit C2 and the anode of the first freewheeling diode D0, but the conduction direction (i.e., connection direction) is reversed. The two ends of the second acceleration circuit of each stage are respectively connected to the two ends of the secondary energy storage unit C2. The conduction direction is the discharge direction of the secondary energy storage unit C2 after the first main energy storage unit C1 charges the secondary energy storage unit C2, that is, the conduction direction is opposite to the direction in which the first main energy storage unit C1 charges the secondary energy storage unit C2. The cathode of the first main energy storage unit C1, the anode of the first freewheeling diode D0, and one end (second end) of the auxiliary energy storage unit C2 are connected in parallel to the ground (connected to a low potential). If the first acceleration circuit is connected to the anode of the first freewheeling diode D0, then without considering the voltage drop of the first fully-controlled switch Q1, the anode of the first main energy storage unit C1, the cathode of the first freewheeling diode D0, and the other end (first end) of the auxiliary energy storage unit C2 are at the same potential.

[0081] During operation, each level of acceleration circuit is turned on in sequence and automatically turned off after the current decreases. The turn-on sequence is the same as Figure 1 The numbers in the circuits shown, i.e., the first acceleration circuit and the second acceleration circuit, work alternately.

[0082] Assume that in the initial state, there is no current in the circuit structure, the initial voltage of the first main energy storage unit C1 is U, and the initial voltage of the auxiliary energy storage unit C2 is 0. When the first acceleration circuit of the first stage (the stages are sorted from small to large) is working, the first full-control switches Q1 and D1 are turned on at the same time, and the internal resistance is ignored, we get Figure 2 In the equivalent circuit shown in FIG1 , the first main energy storage unit C1 charges the auxiliary energy storage unit C2 through the acceleration coil L1, and at the same time generates a magnetic field on the acceleration coil L1 to accelerate the projectile. At this time, L1 is in the excitation stage. The current in the circuit structure is as follows: Figure 12 As shown in Figure 1, this circuit is equivalent to an LC series circuit. Due to the presence of the thyristor (i.e., half-controlled switch D1), the current is turned off at zero crossing. At the end of this process, the secondary energy storage unit C2 is charged, and the voltage is positive at the top and negative at the bottom.

[0083] The first fully controlled switch Q1 can be turned off after a certain period of excitation, assuming that the first time period has passed. The function of the first fully controlled switch Q1 is to adjust the power during the operation of the first acceleration circuit. When the voltage of the auxiliary energy storage unit C2 exceeds its withstand voltage, the first fully controlled switch Q1 can be turned off in advance in the half-controlled switch on state to stop the first main energy storage unit C1 from replenishing the auxiliary energy storage unit C2. After that, the current will continue to flow through the first freewheeling diode D0. At this time, the acceleration coil L1 enters the freewheeling stage. The equivalent circuit of this stage is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the current in the circuit structure is as follows Figure 13 As shown, at the end of the process, the secondary energy storage unit C2 is charged.

[0084] After the freewheeling continues for the second time, the energy on L1 gradually decreases to the point where it can no longer keep the half-controlled switch D1 on. Then the third stage - energy recovery stage - begins. In this stage, the energy recovered by the auxiliary energy storage unit C2 supplies energy to the acceleration coil of the second acceleration circuit. Figure 4 As shown, at this time, the half-controlled switch D2 of the first-stage second acceleration circuit is turned on, and the auxiliary energy storage unit C2 discharges the acceleration coil L2. At the same time, the acceleration coil L2 generates a magnetic field to accelerate the projectile. At this time, the current in the circuit structure is as follows Figure 14 As shown, this process continues for a third time before entering the next cycle. The circuit is also an LC series loop. Because the thyristor is turned off when the current crosses zero, due to the characteristics of LC resonance, the voltage of the auxiliary energy storage unit C2 changes from positive at the top and negative at the bottom to negative at the top and positive at the bottom when turned off. This state is beneficial for increasing the emission voltage in series with the first main energy storage unit C1 when the next-stage first acceleration circuit is operating, thereby providing higher emission power.

[0085] Afterward, the first and second acceleration circuits alternately operate in a cycle based on this principle. Since the polarity of the voltage in the secondary energy storage unit C2 is reversed after the second acceleration circuit operates, becoming negative at the top and positive at the bottom, the voltage across the acceleration coil of the first acceleration circuit is the sum of the absolute values ​​of the voltages in the primary and secondary energy storage units, allowing for a higher energy input. The second acceleration circuits operate on the same principle, releasing energy and recovering magnetic field energy through LC resonance.

[0086] When the capacity of the secondary energy storage unit C2 is determined, the energy input during energy replenishment by the first acceleration circuit depends on the voltage of the secondary energy storage unit C2. The amount of energy that the first main energy storage unit C1 can compensate for the secondary energy storage unit C2 is a major concern. Therefore, this embodiment also analyzes the voltage of the secondary energy storage unit C2:

[0087] Will Figure 2 The first main energy storage unit C1 and the auxiliary energy storage unit C2 in series are regarded as a new capacitor C, and the sum of the loop resistance is R, and the equivalent circuit is as follows: Figure 5 The circuit can be described by the following second-order homogeneous differential equation (parameters are explained based on the common understanding in this field):

[0088]

[0089] Characteristic equation:

[0090]

[0091] characteristic root

[0092]

[0093] The circuit responds to two initial values ​​of the capacitor voltage

[0094]

[0095] The line resistance in this circuit is relatively small, and the circuit is in an underdamped state.

[0096]

[0097] make Attenuated resonant angular frequency

[0098] Then the loop differential equation can be expressed as:

[0099]

[0100] but

[0101]

[0102] Applying Euler's formula, we finally get the solution:

[0103]

[0104]

[0105] The current response is:

[0106]

[0107] The time when the current is zero is the resonant off-time:

[0108]

[0109] The voltage of C when the current is 0 is:

[0110]

[0111] Since C is obtained by connecting the first main energy storage unit C1 and the auxiliary energy storage unit C2 in series, and the loop current is equal everywhere, we have:

[0112]

[0113] Then the voltage changes of the first main energy storage unit C1 and the auxiliary energy storage unit C2 are inversely proportional to the capacity, and we have:

[0114]

[0115] The voltages of the first main energy storage unit C1 and the auxiliary energy storage unit C2 to ground are U1 and U2, respectively. Then:

[0116] u c (i=0)=U 1末 -U 2末 =(U0-|Δu1|)-(U 2初 +|Δu2|)

[0117] Solve for the voltage change of each capacitor:

[0118]

[0119]

[0120] Get the voltage of capacitor U2 after odd-numbered discharge

[0121]

[0122] When the loop current is zero-crossing and shutting off, the series voltage of the first main energy storage unit C1 and the auxiliary energy storage unit C2 is u c (i=0)=U X , and U0=U 1初 -U2初 It can be simplified to:

[0123]

[0124] It can be seen that the voltage after the first acceleration circuit is discharged is related to the capacitance of the first main energy storage unit C1 and the auxiliary energy storage unit C2, the series voltage of the first main energy storage unit C1 and the auxiliary energy storage unit C2 when the loop current is zero-crossing and shutting off, and the initial voltage of the first main energy storage unit C1 and the auxiliary energy storage unit C2. It can be seen that the larger the Ux and the first main energy storage unit C1 / auxiliary energy storage unit C2 are, the higher the U 2初 The smaller it is (the voltage can be negative), the higher the voltage after the energy replenishment process will be, and more energy can be output in the second acceleration circuit.

[0125] The series voltage Ux of the first main energy storage unit C1 and the secondary energy storage unit C2 when the loop current is shut down at zero crossing is related to many parameters, and it is not easy to directly determine which parameters have an impact. Here, the linear system time domain method is used for analysis, and this RLC circuit can be regarded as the zero input response of an underdamped second-order system. For the RLC circuit, the voltage across C is damped, and the system damping ratio is:

[0126]

[0127] Considering the zero input response as a reverse step response, the overshoot can be directly calculated according to the second-order system characteristic parameter formula:

[0128]

[0129] It can be seen that when the damping ratio of the system is smaller, the series voltage Ux of the first main energy storage unit C1 and the auxiliary energy storage unit C2 is larger when the loop current is zero-crossing and shut down, and the voltage of the auxiliary energy storage unit C2 is higher after compensation.

[0130]

[0131] Q is the quality factor of the RLC series circuit, so increasing the quality factor can increase the voltage of the secondary energy storage unit C2. Therefore, the loop resistance and the quality factor of the device should also be considered during design.

[0132] Example 2

[0133] In the first embodiment, the first fully controlled switch Q1 is a fully controlled switch. The circuit structure formed by the first fully controlled switch Q1, the first freewheeling diode D0, and the acceleration coil of the first acceleration circuit can control the energy replenishment process of the high energy density energy storage device to the high voltage electrodeless device. If power regulation is not required, the first fully controlled switch Q1 and the first freewheeling diode D0 can be deleted. This embodiment is based on the first embodiment, but the first fully controlled switch Q1 and the first freewheeling diode D0 are discarded, and the following is obtained: Figure 6The circuit structure shown.

[0134] The circuit structure of this embodiment operates essentially the same as that of the first embodiment, still alternating between the first and second acceleration circuits. The only difference is the omission of the control step for the first fully-controlled switch Q1, i.e., the absence of a freewheeling phase. This increases the difficulty of designing the coil parameters to ensure the voltage of the secondary energy storage unit C2 during the energy replenishment process. This embodiment still utilizes the first main energy storage unit C1 to replenish the secondary energy storage unit C2 during projectile launch via a half-controlled switch and the acceleration coil, and utilizes LC resonance to recover energy from the acceleration coil.

[0135] Example 3

[0136] In the first embodiment, the primary topology of the present invention, the first primary energy storage unit C1 is used to replenish the secondary energy storage unit C2 only during the operation of the first acceleration circuit. The second acceleration circuit operates entirely during the consumption of stored energy from the secondary energy storage unit C2. This embodiment, building on the first embodiment, further develops the circuit design to also replenish the secondary energy storage unit C2 during the operation of the second acceleration circuit.

[0137] like Figure 7 As shown, in Figure 1 Based on the circuit structure, the acceleration network is also designed with a second main energy storage unit C3, a second fully controlled switch Q2 and a second freewheeling diode Dy. Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, the circuit composed of C3, the second fully-controlled switch Q2, the second freewheeling diode Dy and the second acceleration circuits of each stage is centrally symmetrical with the circuit composed of the first main energy storage unit C1, the first fully-controlled switch Q1, the first freewheeling diode D0 and the first acceleration circuits of each stage about the auxiliary energy storage unit C2.

[0138] Specifically, the second freewheeling diode Dy is connected in parallel with the second main energy storage unit C3, and the second fully controlled switch Q2 is connected between the two. The second acceleration circuits of each level are connected between the second freewheeling diode Dy and the auxiliary energy storage unit C2 along the discharge direction of C3, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown, one end of each level of the second acceleration circuit is connected to the negative electrode of the second freewheeling diode Dy, and the other end is connected to the auxiliary energy storage unit C2 (the ground terminal). In this way, the two sides of the auxiliary energy storage unit C2 form a similar central symmetric relationship. Similarly, the second acceleration circuit of each level can also be connected between the auxiliary energy storage unit C2 and the positive electrode of the second freewheeling diode Dy, but the conduction direction (i.e., the connection direction) is designed to be opposite. In this way, the two sides of the auxiliary energy storage unit C2 form a similar axisymmetric relationship. Regardless of the arrangement, the second acceleration circuit is mainly powered by the second main energy storage unit C3. At the same time, after the auxiliary energy storage unit C2 is charged by the first main energy storage unit C1, the magnetic field energy recovered by it is also released through the second acceleration circuit.

[0139] Figure 7 The circuit structure shown is slightly different from the circuit structure in the first embodiment during operation because a second main energy storage unit C3 is separately designed in the acceleration network. This will be described in detail below.

[0140] exist Figure 7 Based on the embodiment shown in FIG, referring to the design idea of ​​embodiment 2, this embodiment can also discard all full-control switches and freewheeling diodes to obtain the following Figure 8 The circuit structure shown in the figure works in Figure 7 Basically, there is no freewheeling stage, but the first acceleration circuit and the second acceleration circuit still operate alternately.

[0141] Regardless of whether a fully controlled switch and freewheeling diode are included, during projectile launch, the first and second main energy storage units C1 and C3 replenish the secondary energy storage unit C2, recovering coil energy through LC resonance. Because replenishment occurs during each round of firing, this design allows the oscillation voltage of the secondary energy storage unit C2 to be higher, making it more suitable for electromagnetic guns using batteries as the primary energy storage unit. For capacitive energy storage devices, the higher voltage of the secondary energy storage unit C2 further increases the launch power.

[0142] Example 4

[0143] This embodiment takes the two groups of accelerated network designs in the first embodiment as an example to illustrate the operation method of the circuit structure. Figure 9 The circuit structure shown is designed with two sets of acceleration networks, both of which are connected to the cathode of the first freewheeling diode D0. Based on the introduction in the first embodiment, in principle, the two acceleration networks can also be connected to other positions in the discharge loop of the first main energy storage unit C1.

[0144] The accelerating coils of each level of the two accelerating networks are arranged alternately, and in each accelerating network, the accelerating coils of the first accelerating circuit and the second accelerating circuit are arranged alternately. Finally, the acceleration coils of the first accelerating circuit and the second accelerating circuit are arranged alternately. Figure 9 The acceleration coils LN (N=1,2...12) of each level are arranged in the order of the label N. The same is true for the case of multiple groups, that is, in each group of acceleration networks, the acceleration coils of the first acceleration circuit and the acceleration coils of the second acceleration circuit are arranged alternately, and the acceleration coils of each group of acceleration networks are arranged in an alternating manner according to the arrangement order of each group of acceleration networks. The arrangement structure of the acceleration coils at each level of each group of acceleration networks is the same, so it is equivalent to shifting the acceleration coils at each level of the first group of acceleration networks. In the present invention, the first-level acceleration coil mentioned is the acceleration coil arranged at the front of the acceleration network, or the circuit structure. The first group of acceleration networks in the circuit structure is the group of acceleration networks with the acceleration coils arranged at the front. Of course, this is also a common understanding in the field of technology and will not cause ambiguity.

[0145] During operation, the two groups of acceleration networks operate alternately, and in each group of acceleration networks, the first acceleration circuit and the second acceleration circuit operate alternately. More groups of acceleration networks operate in the same manner. Specifically, the operation method includes:

[0146] According to the order of arrangement of the acceleration coils in each group of acceleration networks, the loop is executed (that is, starting from the first group, then the second group, the third group..., and finally back to the first group, and so on):

[0147] According to the order of arrangement of each group of acceleration networks (that is, from the first group to the last group), starting from the first group of acceleration networks, execute in sequence (execution in sequence means that each group of acceleration networks is executed once in sequence):

[0148] The first fully controlled switch Q1 and the half-controlled switch of the acceleration coil of the first acceleration circuit of the current stage of the current group of acceleration network are turned on. After the first time, the first fully controlled switch Q1 is turned off for the second time. Figure 9 In this embodiment, the first fully-controlled switch Q1 and the half-controlled switch D1 are turned on for a first duration, then turned off for a second duration. The first fully-controlled switch Q1 and the half-controlled switch D2 are then turned on for a first duration, then turned off for a second duration. The same process is repeated for multiple acceleration networks, until the half-controlled switch of the first acceleration circuit of the last acceleration network is turned off.

[0149] Then, according to the order in which the acceleration networks are arranged, starting from the first group of acceleration networks, execute the following in sequence:

[0150] The half-controlled switch of the acceleration coil of the second acceleration circuit of the current stage of the current group of acceleration network is turned on for a third time. This completes a cycle. Figure 9 In the embodiment, the half-controlled switch D3 is turned on for a third time period; then the half-controlled switch D4 is turned on for a third time period; the same is true for multiple acceleration networks until the half-controlled switch of the second acceleration circuit of the last acceleration network is turned on.

[0151] In this way, during each cycle, each acceleration network first sequentially turns on the first acceleration circuit that has not yet been turned on, and then turns on the second acceleration circuit that has not yet been turned on. Then, according to the order in which the acceleration coils are arranged, the subsequent acceleration circuits are turned on in the same manner. Within each group and within each cycle, the various durations can vary. For example, within a cycle, the first duration of the first acceleration network group can be different from the first duration of the second acceleration network group, or the first duration of the first acceleration network group can be different in two consecutive cycles.

[0152] It should be noted that, for implementations in which the full-control switch and the freewheeling diode are omitted in the circuit structure, the above process can also be referred to, and only the action steps of operating the full-control switch need to be omitted (the same applies to other embodiments).

[0153] Example 6

[0154] This embodiment designs multiple groups of embodiment three (i.e. Figure 7 The operation method of the circuit structure of the acceleration network in the embodiment (1) is described. The acceleration coils of the multiple acceleration networks are also arranged in an interlaced manner as described in the fifth embodiment. The operation method includes:

[0155] According to the order of arrangement of the acceleration coils in each group of acceleration networks, the following is executed cyclically:

[0156] According to the order in which each group of acceleration networks is arranged, starting from the first group of acceleration networks, execute the following in sequence:

[0157] The first fully controlled switch Q1 and the half-controlled switch of the acceleration coil of the first acceleration circuit of the current stage of the current group of acceleration networks are turned on. After a first time, the first fully controlled switch is turned off for a second time.

[0158] Then, according to the order in which the acceleration networks are arranged, starting from the first group of acceleration networks, execute the following in sequence:

[0159] The second fully-controlled switch Q2 of the current acceleration network and the half-controlled switch of the acceleration coil of the current second acceleration circuit of the current acceleration network are turned on. After the third duration, the second fully-controlled switch Q2 of the current acceleration network is turned off for the fourth duration. This completes one cycle.

[0160] Example 7

[0161] In the circuit structure, the circuits of multiple groups of acceleration networks can all adopt the embodiment 1 (refer to Figure 1 ) in the design, or all of the third embodiment (reference Figure 7 ) design. Of course, both designs can also be included, that is, only part of the acceleration network includes the second main energy storage unit C3, the second fully controlled switch Q2, and the second freewheeling diode Dy. In this case, the operating method of the circuit structure can be obtained by combining the operating methods of the above-mentioned sixth and seventh embodiments. Specifically, the operating method includes:

[0162] According to the order of arrangement of the acceleration coils in each group of acceleration networks, the following is executed cyclically:

[0163] According to the order in which each group of acceleration networks is arranged, starting from the first group of acceleration networks, execute the following in sequence:

[0164] The first fully controlled switch Q1 and the half-controlled switch of the acceleration coil of the first acceleration circuit of the current stage of the current group of acceleration networks are turned on. After a first time, the first fully controlled switch Q1 is turned off for a second time.

[0165] Then, according to the order in which the acceleration networks are arranged, starting from the first group of acceleration networks, execute the following in sequence:

[0166] If the current acceleration network includes the second main energy storage unit C3, the second fully-controlled switch Q2, and the second freewheeling diode Dy, the second fully-controlled switch Q2 of the current acceleration network and the half-controlled switch of the acceleration coil of the current stage second acceleration circuit of the current acceleration network are turned on. After the third duration, the second fully-controlled switch Q2 of the current acceleration network is turned off for a fourth duration.

[0167] If the current group of acceleration network does not include the second main energy storage unit C3, the second fully-controlled switch Q2 and the second freewheeling diode Dy, then the half-controlled switch of the acceleration coil of the current stage second acceleration circuit of the current group of acceleration network is turned on for a third time period.

[0168] When the circuit structure is in operation, it involves the control behavior of the full-control switch and the half-control switch, which can be achieved by designing the full-control switch and the half-control switch control circuit. Figure 10 、 Figure 11 The following are control circuit embodiments of full-control switch and half-control switch respectively. In the figure, H1 and H2 are isolated power supplies that convert 16V to +20V and -4V, which are used for suspension drive power supply. Figure 1 Points A and B are the access points for the high-side ground of the suspension module. The IO port of the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller is connected in series with a 200Ω resistor to the input port of the TLP152 optocoupler driver. By controlling the output signals of different IO ports at the chip level, the optocoupler driver module can control the conduction of the semiconductor device.

[0169] Example 8

[0170] This embodiment adopts the fourth embodiment ( Figure 9 A simulation experiment was carried out on the circuit structure of the embodiment).

[0171] The cylindrical projectile used for launch has a diameter of 8mm, a length of 20mm, and a weight of 7.8g, made of A3 steel. The barrel is made of 304 stainless steel with an inner diameter of 8.1mm and an outer diameter of 8.5mm. The unipolar acceleration coil (referred to as the coil) is 12mm long and is separated and supported by 1mm thick FR-4 sheet metal. The coil has 36 stages, with the number of turns calculated through multiple simulations, for a total length of 469mm. The wire diameters for each stage are 0.64mm, 0.71mm, 0.77mm, 0.83mm, 0.9mm, 1mm, 1.08mm, and 1.18mm, respectively. The energy storage system used consists of multiple 450V 220uF small capacitors connected in parallel, with a total capacity of approximately 12,000uF and an internal resistance of 8mΩ. A 110uF film capacitor with an internal resistance of 5mΩ is used, and an initial voltage is generated by pre-charging. The first fully controlled switch, Q1, consists of five parallel-connected IGBTs (Infineon AUIRGPS4070). Each stage uses a 70tps16 SCR, one per stage, for a total of 36. The projectile is injected at an initial velocity of 13 m / s. The switches are triggered, and three STM32F103C8T6s control 36 I / O ports. The order in which the switches are activated is controlled by a timing trigger.

[0172] Figure 15 The curves of projectile force and velocity show that the entire acceleration process is completed within 5ms, the projectile force is always maintained at a high level, and the projectile is finally accelerated to 192.8m / s, with a kinetic energy of 145J. This kinetic energy meets general police requirements.

[0173] Figure 16 The energy storage capacitor voltage curve shows a step-down trend. This is because the energy storage capacitor (i.e., the first main energy storage unit C1) is only replenished during launch, while the second acceleration circuit does not consume the main capacitor's energy. The final voltage drops from 450V to 268V. The entire launch process consumes 784J, accounting for 65% of the total stored energy. The projectile gains 145J of kinetic energy, and the overall efficiency is approximately 18.5%.

[0174] Figure 17 The figure shows the terminal voltage of the high-voltage film capacitor. Due to energy replenishment during transmission, the voltage of the film capacitor (i.e., the secondary energy storage unit C2) oscillates and rises initially, reaching a maximum value close to twice the voltage of the energy storage capacitor, thereby increasing the transmission power. Later, due to the drop in the voltage of the main energy storage capacitor, the voltage also drops.

[0175] Figure 18The current curves for each coil stage show a gradual increase, reaching a maximum current of nearly 1500A, which is still within the thyristor's permissible on-state surge current. The current curves also show that each coil stage alternates between conduction stages, with the discharge time for each stage gradually decreasing, ranging from 660µs to 120µs.

[0176] It can be seen from the test waveforms of the experiment that the design of the present invention can provide energy storage with only a large electrolytic capacitor, and the small film capacitor participates in resonance, so as to achieve energy recovery and release, and can improve the electromagnetic gun's launch power and launch efficiency.

[0177] This invention has a simple control method, uses fewer circuit components, can accelerate projectiles to high speeds over short distances, and has significantly improved efficiency compared to traditional topologies, making it extremely practical. It can be used to manufacture high-performance electromagnetic individual weapons (electromagnetic guns). The voltage controllable feature can also be used to adjust the launch power and precisely control the projectile's velocity, making it suitable for non-lethal riot control situations and sports firearms. Due to its excellent portability, it can also be used in various electromagnetic projectile launch systems (such as window-breaking projectiles, rescue rope projectiles, and various applications that replace pneumatic projectiles). Its high speed and controllable characteristics can also be used in various material collision experiments.

[0178] The present invention is not limited to the aforementioned specific embodiments, but extends to any new features or any new combination disclosed in this specification, as well as any new method or process steps or any new combination disclosed.

Claims

1. A resonant circuit structure for energy replenishment of a multi-stage coil electromagnetic gun, characterized in that: The device comprises a first main energy storage unit with polarity, a first fully-controlled switch, a first freewheeling diode, and at least one acceleration network; the first freewheeling diode is connected in parallel with the first main energy storage unit in the same phase, the first fully-controlled switch is connected between the first main energy storage unit and the first freewheeling diode; a first end of the first freewheeling diode is connected to a first end of the first main energy storage unit with opposite polarity through the first fully-controlled switch; The acceleration network includes at least one first acceleration circuit, a non-polarity auxiliary energy storage unit, and a second acceleration circuit with the same number of stages as the first acceleration circuit; each of the first and second acceleration circuits includes an acceleration coil and a half-controlled switch connected in series; each of the first acceleration circuits is connected between the first end of the first freewheeling diode and the first end of the auxiliary energy storage unit in the discharge direction of the first main energy storage unit; and each of the second acceleration circuits is connected between the first end and the second end of the auxiliary energy storage unit in a direction opposite to the direction in which the first main energy storage unit charges the auxiliary energy storage unit. The second end of the first main energy storage unit, the second end of the first freewheeling diode, and the second end of the auxiliary energy storage unit are at the same potential.

2. The energy compensation resonant circuit structure for a multi-stage coil electromagnetic gun according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one group of the acceleration network further includes a second main energy storage unit, a second fully-controlled switch, and a second freewheeling diode; the circuit formed by the second main energy storage unit, the second fully-controlled switch, the second freewheeling diode, and the second acceleration circuits at each stage is symmetrical with the circuit formed by the first main energy storage unit, the first fully-controlled switch, the first freewheeling diode, and the first acceleration circuits at each stage about the auxiliary energy storage unit.

3. The energy compensation resonant circuit structure for a multi-stage coil electromagnetic gun according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first main energy storage unit is a high energy storage density polar component, and the auxiliary energy storage unit is a high voltage non-polar component.

4. The energy compensation resonant circuit structure for a multi-stage coil electromagnetic gun according to claim 1, characterized in that: In each group of acceleration networks, the acceleration coils of the first acceleration circuit and the acceleration coils of the second acceleration circuit are arranged alternately; and the acceleration coils of each group of acceleration networks are arranged alternately according to the arrangement order of each group of acceleration networks.

5. The method for operating a resonant circuit structure for a multi-stage electromagnetic gun according to claim 1, wherein, in each group of accelerating networks, the accelerating coils of the first accelerating circuit and the accelerating coils of the second accelerating circuit are arranged alternately; and the accelerating coils of each group of accelerating networks are arranged in an alternating manner according to the arrangement order of the respective groups of accelerating networks; characterized in that: Methods include: According to the order of arrangement of the acceleration coils in each group of acceleration networks, the following is executed cyclically: According to the order in which each group of acceleration networks is arranged, starting from the first group of acceleration networks, execute the following in sequence: Turning on the first full-control switch and the half-control switch of the acceleration coil of the first acceleration circuit of the current stage of the current group of acceleration networks; After the first time period, turning off the first fully-controlled switch for a second time period; Then, according to the order in which the acceleration networks are arranged, starting from the first group of acceleration networks, execute the following in sequence: The half-controlled switch of the acceleration coil of the second acceleration circuit of the current stage of the current group of acceleration networks is turned on for a third time period.

6. The operating method of the energy compensation resonant circuit structure for a multi-stage coil electromagnetic gun according to claim 2, wherein in the energy compensation resonant circuit structure for a multi-stage coil electromagnetic gun, all acceleration networks include a second main energy storage unit, a second fully controlled switch, and a second freewheeling diode; in each group of acceleration networks, the acceleration coils of the first acceleration circuit and the acceleration coils of the second acceleration circuit are arranged alternately; and the acceleration coils of each group of acceleration networks are arranged in an interlaced manner according to the arrangement order of the acceleration networks; characterized in that Methods include: According to the order of arrangement of the acceleration coils in each group of acceleration networks, the following is executed cyclically: According to the order in which each group of acceleration networks is arranged, starting from the first group of acceleration networks, execute the following in sequence: Turning on the first full-control switch and the half-control switch of the acceleration coil of the first acceleration circuit of the current stage of the current group of acceleration networks; After the first time period, turning off the first fully-controlled switch for a second time period; Then, according to the order in which the acceleration networks are arranged, starting from the first group of acceleration networks, execute the following in sequence: Turning on the second full-control switch of the current group of acceleration networks and the half-control switch of the acceleration coil of the current stage second acceleration circuit of the current group of acceleration networks; After the third time period, the second full-control switch of the current group acceleration network is turned off for a fourth time period.

7. The operating method of the energy compensation resonant circuit structure for a multi-stage coil electromagnetic gun according to claim 2, wherein in the energy compensation resonant circuit structure for a multi-stage coil electromagnetic gun, part of the acceleration network includes a second main energy storage unit, a second fully controlled switch, and a second freewheeling diode; in each group of acceleration networks, the acceleration coils of the first acceleration circuit and the acceleration coils of the second acceleration circuit are arranged alternately; and the acceleration coils of each group of acceleration networks are arranged in a staggered manner according to the arrangement order of the acceleration networks; characterized in that Methods include: According to the order of arrangement of the acceleration coils in each group of acceleration networks, the following is executed cyclically: According to the order in which each group of acceleration networks is arranged, starting from the first group of acceleration networks, execute the following in sequence: Turning on the first full-control switch and the half-control switch of the acceleration coil of the first acceleration circuit of the current stage of the current group of acceleration networks; After the first time period, turning off the first fully-controlled switch for a second time period; Then, according to the order in which the acceleration networks are arranged, starting from the first group of acceleration networks, execute the following in sequence: If the current group of acceleration network includes the second main energy storage unit, the second fully controlled switch and the second freewheeling diode, then, Turning on the second full-control switch of the current group of acceleration networks and the half-control switch of the acceleration coil of the current stage second acceleration circuit of the current group of acceleration networks; After the third time period, the second full-control switch of the current group acceleration network is turned off for a fourth time period; If the current group of acceleration network does not include the second main energy storage unit, the second fully controlled switch and the second freewheeling diode, then, The half-controlled switch of the acceleration coil of the second acceleration circuit of the current stage of the current group of acceleration networks is turned on for a third time period.

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