Quasi co-location (QCL) for antenna ports in new radio (NR)

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to quasi co-location (QCL) for antenna ports in new radio (NR). A technique is disclosed for a user equipment (UE) operable for quasi co-location (QCL). The UE can demodulate a synchronization signal (SS) block transmitted from a first antenna port by a gNB, wherein one or more of a Doppler shift, a Doppler spread, an average delay, a delay spread, and spatial receive parameters are derived from the SS block. The UE can decode a QCL indication that provides an assumption of QCL between a first reference signal of the first antenna port and a second reference signal of a second antenna port. The UE can demodulate a physical channel or a reference signal transmitted from the second antenna port by the gNB using the one or more of the Doppler shift, the Doppler spread, the average delay, the delay spread, and the spatial receive parameters based on the assumption of QCL.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the invention patent application filed on May 4, 2018, with national application number 201880029480.0 (international application number PCT / US2018 / 031249) and entitled "Quasi-co-addressable (QCL) for antenna ports in New Radio (NR)". Background Technology

[0002] A wireless system typically includes multiple user equipment (UE) devices communicatively coupled to one or more base stations (BS). The one or more BS can be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Evolution NodeB (eNB), a New Radio (NR) NodeB (gNB), or a Next Generation NodeB (gNB), which can be communicatively coupled to one or more UEs through a 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) network.

[0003] The next generation of wireless communication systems is expected to be a unified network / system designed to meet extremely different and sometimes conflicting performance dimensions and services. New Radio Access Technologies (RATs) are expected to support a wide range of use cases, including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), mission-critical machine-type communications (uMTC), and similar service types operating in the frequency range up to 100 GHz. Attached Figure Description

[0004] The features and advantages of this disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 The features of this disclosure are illustrated by way of example; and, wherein:

[0005] Figure 1 A block diagram of an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) frame structure based on an example is shown;

[0006] Figure 2a The subarray antenna architecture is shown according to an example;

[0007] Figure 2b The transmission of a synchronization signal (SS) according to an example is shown;

[0008] Figure 2c The example illustrates beam assignment for different synchronization signal (SS) blocks;

[0009] Figure 3 The beam scanning is shown according to an example;

[0010] Figure 4 The example shows beam refinement at the next-generation node B (gNB);

[0011] Figure 5The example demonstrates the operation of the Bandwidth Part (BWP).

[0012] Figure 6 The functionality of a user equipment (UE) operable for a quasi-co-located (QCL) antenna port is described according to an example;

[0013] Figure 7 The functionality of a user equipment (UE) operable for a quasi-co-located (QCL) antenna port is described according to an example;

[0014] Figure 8 The functionality of a next-generation node B (gNB) configured to transmit in the bandwidth portion (BWP) is described according to an example;

[0015] Figure 9 The architecture of a wireless network based on an example is shown;

[0016] Figure 10 An illustration of a wireless device (e.g., UE) based on an example is shown;

[0017] Figure 11 The interface of the baseband circuit according to the example is shown; and

[0018] Figure 12 An illustration of a wireless device (e.g., UE) based on an example is shown.

[0019] Reference will now be made to the exemplary embodiments shown, and they will be described herein using specific language. However, it should be understood that this is not intended to limit the scope of the technology. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Before disclosing and describing this technology, it should be understood that the technology is not limited to the specific structures, processing actions, or materials disclosed herein, but extends to their equivalents, as those skilled in the art will recognize. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. The same reference numerals in different figures denote the same elements. The figures provided in the flowcharts and processes are provided for clear illustration of actions and operations and do not necessarily indicate a particular order or sequence.

[0021] Example Implementation

[0022] The following provides an initial overview of technical embodiments, followed by a more detailed description of specific technical embodiments. This initial overview is intended to help the reader understand the technology more quickly, and is not intended to identify key or essential features of the technology, nor to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0023] If the large-scale characteristics of the channel on which symbols are transmitted at one antenna port can be inferred from the large-scale characteristics of the channel on which symbols are transmitted at another antenna port, then the two antenna ports can be quasi-co-located. The large-scale characteristics of the channel can include one or more of the following: average delay, delay spread, Doppler shift, Doppler spread, and average gain.

[0024] Various quasi-co-location assumptions can be supported to enable more efficient processing at the user equipment (UE). In one example, the antenna port of the synchronization signal (SS) block can be quasi-co-located with the antenna port of the demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) corresponding to the common control channel, which is transmitted using multiple beams. In another example, the antenna port of the SS block can be quasi-co-located with the antenna port of the UE-specific channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) used for beam management procedures. In yet another example, quasi-co-location assumptions can be supported for antenna ports transmitting in different bandwidth sections.

[0025] Figure 1 An example of the 3GPP LTE Release 8-frame structure is provided. Specifically, Figure 1 The downlink radio frame structure type 2 is illustrated. In this example, the radio frame 100 used to transmit data can be configured to have a duration Tf of 10 milliseconds (ms). Each radio frame can be segmented or divided into ten subframes 110i, each subframe being 1 ms long. Each subframe can be further subdivided into two time slots 120a and 120b, each time slot having a duration T. slot The duration is 0.5 ms. The first time slot (#0) 120a may include the conventional physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) 160 and / or the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) 166, and the second time slot (#1) 120b may include data transmitted using the PDSCH.

[0026] Each time slot of the component carrier (CC) used by nodes and wireless devices can include multiple resource blocks (RBs) 130a, 130b, 130i, 130m, and 130n based on the CC frequency bandwidth. The CC can have a carrier frequency, which has a bandwidth and a center frequency. Each subframe of the CC can include downlink control information (DCI) found in the conventional PDCCH. When using the conventional PDCCH, the conventional PDCCH in the control area can include one to three columns of first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in each subframe or RB. The remaining 11 to 13 OFDM symbols in the subframe (or 14 OFDM symbols when the conventional PDCCH is not used) can be allocated to the PDSCH for data (for short cyclic prefixes or normal cyclic prefixes).

[0027] The control region may include the Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH), the Physical Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (Hybrid ARQ) Indicator Channel (PHICH), and the PDCCH. The control region features a flexible control design to avoid unnecessary overhead. The number of OFDM symbols used for the PDCCH in the control region can be determined by the Control Channel Format Indicator (CFI) transmitted in the PCFICH. The PCFICH can be located in the first OFDM symbol of each subframe. The PCFICH and PHICH can have higher priority than the PDCCH, so the PCFICH and PHICH are scheduled before the PDCCH.

[0028] Each RB (physical RB or PRB) 130i may include 12–15 kHz subcarriers 136 (on the frequency axis) and 6 or 7 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols 132 per time slot (on the time axis). An RB can use seven OFDM symbols if a short cyclic prefix or a normal cyclic prefix is ​​used. An RB can use six OFDM symbols if an extended cyclic prefix is ​​used. A resource block can be mapped to 84 resource elements (REs) 140i using a short cyclic prefix or a normal cyclic prefix, or a resource block can be mapped to 72 REs (not shown) using an extended cyclic prefix. An RE can be a unit consisting of one OFDM symbol 142 multiplied by one subcarrier (i.e., 15 kHz) 146.

[0029] In the case of Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation, each RE can transmit two bits of information, 150a and 150b. Other types of modulation can be used, such as 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) or 64QAM, to transmit more bits in each RE, or Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation to transmit fewer bits (a single bit) in each RE. RBs can be configured for downlink transmission from the eNodeB to the UE, or for uplink transmission from the UE to the eNodeB.

[0030] This example of the 3GPP LTE Release 8 frame structure provides an example of how data is sent or the transmission mode. The example is not intended to be limiting. Many features of Release 8 will evolve and vary in the 5G frame structures included in 3GPP LTE Release 15, MulteFire Release 1.1, and later. In such systems, design constraints may coexist with multiple 5G parameter sets on the same carrier due to the coexistence of different network services (e.g., eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband) 204, mMTC (massive machine-type communications or massive IoT) 202, and URLLC (ultra-reliable low-latency communications or critical communications) 206). Carriers in a 5G system can be above or below 6 GHz. In one embodiment, each network service may have a different set of parameters.

[0031] QCL of antenna port

[0032] Antenna ports can be used to transmit physical channels or signals. Antenna ports can be defined such that the channel through which symbols are transmitted on one antenna port can be inferred from the channel through which symbols are transmitted on another antenna port. Different antenna ports can correspond to different reference signals, which can be used for channel estimation and processing of physical channels transmitted on the same antenna port. Antenna ports corresponding to different reference signals may be located in the same or different locations. Due to differences in location, distance from the UE, signal path, etc., each channel of a signal from antenna ports at different locations may have significantly different macroscale characteristics. However, if the distance between ports is not significant, antenna ports located at different locations may still have similar macroscale characteristics. It can be assumed that these antenna ports have the same macroscale characteristics. They are called quasi-co-located. If the macroscale characteristics of the channel through which symbols are transmitted on one antenna port can be inferred from the macroscale characteristics of the channel through which symbols are transmitted on another antenna port, then these two antenna ports can be quasi-co-located.

[0033] Large-scale characteristics of the channel can include one or more of the following: average delay, delay spread, Doppler shift, Doppler spread, and average gain. Average delay can include first-order statistics of the channel's time characteristics. Delay spread can include second-order statistics of the channel's time characteristics. Doppler shift can include first-order statistics of the channel's frequency characteristics. Doppler spread can include second-order statistics of the channel's frequency characteristics. Average gain can include first-order statistics of the channel's amplitude characteristics. When deriving Channel State Information (CSI) feedback, or when performing demodulation, the large-scale characteristics estimated at the antenna port of the reference signal can be used to parameterize the channel estimator and compensate for possible time and frequency errors.

[0034] New Radio (NR) antenna design is primarily based on the concept of antenna subarrays. According to this concept, the physical antenna elements of a Transmit / Receive Point (TRP) (e.g., Next Generation Node B (gNB)) or User Equipment (UE) can be grouped into antenna subarrays, where each antenna subarray can include multiple subarrays. Additionally, analog beamforming can be used to virtualize the physical antenna elements of an antenna subarray into one or more antenna ports.

[0035] Simulated beamforming can be used to improve the performance of the communication link between the TRP and the UE. Simulated beamforming at both the TRP and the UE can be trained by transmitting a series of reference signals with different beamformings. The UE can also train its receive beamforming. The optimal simulated beamforming at the UE can depend on the beamforming at the TRP, and vice versa. One or more optimal transmit (Tx) / receive (Rx) beam combinations can be established at both the TRP and the UE for possible communication. In one example, the optimal Tx beam on one antenna subarray can be reused on another antenna subarray. In this example, the optimal Rx beam at the UE can be the same. Reference signals transmitted at the antenna ports with the same beam (using the same or different panels) can be quasi-co-located with respect to spatial channel parameters (e.g., average angle of arrival and angle of arrival spread).

[0036] In another example, such as Figure 2a As shown, the subarray antenna architecture can have two subarrays, each of which can have different analog beamforming. In this example, transceiver unit (TXRU) 202 can include K antenna elements, where K is a positive integer, such as 4. Each of the K antenna elements can include antenna weights w, such as w1, w2, w3, and w4. For a subarray where m' = 1, the analog beamforming can be controlled by the antenna weights w (e.g., w1, w2, w3, and w4). In this example, TXRU 204 can include K antenna elements, where K is a positive integer, such as 4. Each of the K antenna elements can include antenna weights w, such as w5, w6, w7, and w8. For a subarray where m' = 2, the analog beamforming can be controlled by the antenna weights w (e.g., w5, w6, w7, and w8). The K antenna elements in TXRU 202 and TXRU 204 can include a total of M antenna elements, such as 8. Figure 2a The examples provided are not intended to be limiting. The total number of antenna elements can depend on the system design. For example, M could be 4, 8, 16, 32, 48, 64, 96, 128, etc. A larger number of antenna elements can provide beams that can be directed with finer angular granularity.

[0037] Synchronization signals (SS) in NR can be transmitted using one or more SS blocks organized as SS burst sets. In another example, such as Figure 2b As shown, an SS burst set can include SS blocks 1, 2, 3, ..., L, where L is a positive integer. In the time domain, an SS burst set can have an SS burst set period, which can be the time interval between SS burst set iterations.

[0038] One purpose of sending multiple SS blocks could be to enable Tx beamforming for each individual SS block sent by the next-generation node B (gNB). In another example, such as Figure 2c As shown, each SS block can be assigned to a specific beam. In this example, SS block 1 can be assigned to beam 282. In this example, SS block 2 can be assigned to beam 284. In this example, SS block 3 can be assigned to beam 286. In this example, SS block 4 can be assigned to beam 288. After detecting a specific SS block, the UE can obtain Tx / Rx beam information, which can be used to transmit other physical channels and reference signals.

[0039] In another example, such as Figure 3 As shown, in multi-beam operation, beam scanning can be performed for transmitting common control messages. In this example, a beam can be applied to each symbol or symbol group within a time slot. In this example, Tx beam 0 can be applied to each symbol or symbol set in 310. In this example, Tx beam 1 can be applied to each symbol or symbol set in 320. In this example, Tx beam 2 can be applied to each symbol or symbol set in 330. In this example, Tx beam 13 can be applied to each symbol or symbol set in 390. When the gNB is equipped with multiple antenna arrays or panels, multiple beams can be formed in each symbol.

[0040] In another example, the common control channel can be used to transmit UE-specific control information to the UE. Reception of the common control channel can also depend on beamforming at the UE. To avoid a separate UE Rx beam training process at the UE, a quasi-co-location (QCL) assumption can be established for one or more antenna ports of the SS block and one or more demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) antenna ports of the common control channel. The quasi-co-location between one or more antenna ports of the SS block and one or more demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) antenna ports of the common control channel can be established with respect to spatial parameters at the receiver, such as average angle of arrival and angle of arrival spread. In this example, the Rx beam acquired by the UE on the SS block can be reused to process the corresponding symbols or symbol sets of the common control channel. The quasi-co-location between one or more antenna ports of the SS block and one or more demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) antenna ports of the common control channel can also be established with respect to average delay and Doppler shift. In this example, the time and frequency offset estimated by the UE on an SS block can be reused to process the demodulation of the symbols or symbol sets associated with the common control channel.

[0041] In another example, the Tx beam acquired by the UE on the SS block can be reused in the beam Tx refinement process. In this example, the acquired beam can be used as a reference for Tx beam refinement. When beamforming on the SS block depends on a wider beam, the refinement of the Tx beam at the gNB can be used. In this example, the gNB can train a narrow beam within the angular region covered by the acquired wider beam.

[0042] In another example, such as Figure 4 As shown, to facilitate Tx beam refinement, a UE-specific Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) can be used, in which the serving gNB can apply different beams to the transmission of the CSI-RS. During this beam refinement process, the UE can assume that some Rx beams can be aligned with the Tx beams acquired by the UE during SS block reception. Thus, quasi-co-addressing between one or more antenna ports of the SS block and one or more antenna ports of the CSI-RS can be established. Under this QCL assumption, the UE can tune the Rx beams according to the Tx beams of the SS block.

[0043] In this example, the Tx beam at the TRP on the SS block is provided by the shading indicated by 410. The associated Rx beam at the UE on the SS block is provided by the shading indicated by 420. The shading associated with 410 is different from the shading indicated by 420. The Tx beam refinement for CSI-RS at the TRP is provided by the shading indicated by 430. The associated Rx beam for CSI-RS at the UE is provided by the shading indicated by 440. In this example, the shadings of 420, 430, and 440 are all the same, and the shadings of 420, 430, and 440 are all different from the shading of 410.

[0044] In another example, the gNB can send a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) from the antenna port used to transmit SS blocks. In another example, the gNB can send control information on the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) from the antenna port used to transmit SS blocks. In yet another example, the gNB can send a primary synchronization signal (PSS) from the antenna port used to transmit SS blocks.

[0045] In another example, the gNB can transmit common control information from the second antenna port in the physical channel. Channels available to multiple UEs can be used to transmit common control information. For example, System Information Block 1 (SIB1) for Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) and for broadcasting and paging can be used. In another example, the gNB can transmit CSI-RS for beam management or beam refinement from the second antenna port. In yet another example, the gNB can transmit CSI-RS for CSI-RS acquisition from the second antenna port.

[0046] In another example, the UE can select the same receive beamforming as used for receiving the SS block transmitted from the first antenna port to receive the signal transmitted from the second antenna port. In another example, the UE can determine that the signal transmitted from the second antenna port has the same time and frequency offset as derived from the receive SS block transmitted from the first antenna port.

[0047] QCL for different BWPs

[0048] New Radio Interfaces (NRs) can be deployed with a larger system bandwidth, which can be divided into one or more Bandwidth Parts (BWPs), each with a specific set of configurable parameters. In one example, the specific set of configurable parameters may include subcarrier spacing and / or cyclic prefix duration. For the provided time instance, the UE can be configured to use one or more BWPs for DL ​​and one or more BWPs for UL. One or more DL BWPs and one or more UL BWPs can be established using separate control signaling. One or more DL BWPs and one or more UL BWPs can also be established via Information Elements (IEs) sent via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.

[0049] In another example, when a DL BWP is active in the provided time instance, it can transmit within the same BWP a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) and a corresponding Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) in which the PDCCH can carry the scheduled assignment of the PDSCH. If the PDSCH transmission starts later than K symbols after the PDCCH transmission ends (where K is a positive integer), then it cannot transmit within the same BWP a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) and a corresponding Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) in which the PDCCH can carry the scheduled assignment of the PDSCH.

[0050] In another example, the active DL BWP and active UL BWP can be indicated to the UE via explicit or implicit downlink control information (DCI), via media access control (MAC) control element (CE), or via a time pattern (e.g., discontinuous reception (DRX)).

[0051] In another example, such as Figure 5 As shown, reference signals transmitted from the gNB to the UE from different BWPs using one or more antenna ports can be quasi-co-located. In this example, BWP#1 can occupy different times and frequencies compared to BWP#2. One or more antenna ports of BWP#1 can be different from one or more antenna ports of BWP#2. Reference signals transmitted on BWP#1 and BWP#2 can be quasi-co-located relative to each other. BWP#1 and BWP#2 can overlap in the time domain and / or frequency domain.

[0052] In another example, one or more antenna ports may transmit the same or different reference signals in different BWPs. By default, it is assumed that one or more antenna ports transmitting the same or different reference signals in different BWPs may be non-quasi-co-located with respect to large-scale parameters (e.g., average delay, delay spread, Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average gain, and Rx spatial parameters). Other assumptions regarding quasi-co-location with respect to one or more large-scale parameters can be indicated to the UE using DCI, MAC CE, or RRC signaling.

[0053] In another example, a quasi-co-location can be established between one or more DM-RS antenna ports transmitted on a first BWP and one or more DM-RS antenna ports transmitted on a second BWP. The set of BWPs for establishing quasi-co-location between the one or more DM-RS antenna ports transmitted on the first BWP and one or more DM-RS antenna ports transmitted on the second BWP can be indicated to the UE using physical layer signaling or higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling).

[0054] In another example, quasi-co-addressable (QCL) signals can be established between one or more DM-RS antenna ports transmitted on a first BWP and beam reference signals transmitted on a second BWP. QCL parameters may include Rx spatial parameters (e.g., average angle of arrival, angle of arrival spread, or channel correlation). QCL parameters may also include other QCL parameters such as average delay, delay spread, Doppler shift, Doppler spread, and average gain. DCI scheduling PDSCH and / or higher-level signaling (e.g., RRC signaling) can indicate to the UE that the beam reference signals transmitted on one or more BWPs are quasi-co-addressable with one or more DM-RS antenna ports transmitted on the first BWP.

[0055] In another example, quasi-co-addressable (QCL) connections can be established between one or more DM-RS antenna ports transmitted on a first BWP and one or more CSI-RS transmitted on different BWP sets. QCL parameters may include Rx spatial parameters (e.g., average angle of arrival, angle of arrival spread, or channel correlation). QCL parameters may also include other QCL parameters such as average delay, delay spread, Doppler shift, Doppler spread, and average gain. DCI scheduling PDSCH and / or higher-level signaling (e.g., RRC signaling) can indicate to the UE that the CSI-RS transmitted on one or more BWPs are quasi-co-addressable with one or more DM-RS antenna ports transmitted on the first BWP. The beam reference signal may correspond to an SS block or CSI-RS configured for beamforming by the UE.

[0056] In another example, quasi-co-addressable (QCL) arrangements can be established between one or more CSI-RS antenna ports transmitted on a first BWP and one or more CSI-RS antenna ports transmitted on different BWP sets. QCL parameters may include Rx spatial parameters (e.g., average angle of arrival, angle of arrival spread, or channel correlation). QCL parameters may also include other QCL parameters such as average delay, delay spread, Doppler shift, Doppler spread, and average gain. DCI scheduling PDSCH and / or higher-level signaling (e.g., RRC signaling) can indicate to the UE that the CSI-RS transmitted on one or more BWPs are quasi-co-addressable with the one or more CSI-RS antenna ports transmitted on the first BWP.

[0057] In another example, quasi-co-addressing can be established between one or more mobility reference signal antenna ports transmitted on a first BWP and one or more reference signal types transmitted on different BWP sets. Reference signal types transmitted on different BWP sets can include CSI-RS, DM-RS, and beam reference signals. QCL parameters can include Rx spatial parameters (e.g., average angle of arrival, angle of arrival spread, or channel correlation). QCL parameters can also include other QCL parameters such as average delay, delay spread, Doppler shift, Doppler spread, and average gain. DCI scheduling PDSCH and / or higher-level signaling (e.g., RRC signaling) can indicate to the UE that the CSI-RS transmitted on one or more BWPs is quasi-co-addressed with one or more CSI-RS antenna ports transmitted on the first BWP.

[0058] In another example, quasi-co-addressing can be established between the antenna ports of the SS block (e.g., secondary synchronization signal) on the first BWP and the antenna ports of reference signal types transmitted on different BWP sets. The reference signal types transmitted on different BWP sets can include CSI-RS or DM-RS. QCL parameters can include Rx spatial parameters (e.g., average angle of arrival, angle of arrival spread, or channel correlation). QCL parameters can also include other QCL parameters such as average delay, delay spread, Doppler shift, Doppler spread, and average gain. DCI scheduling PDSCH and / or higher-level signaling (e.g., RRC signaling) can indicate to the UE that the CSI-RS transmitted on one or more BWPs is quasi-co-addressable with one or more CSI-RS antenna ports transmitted on the first BWP.

[0059] Another example provides functionality 600 for user equipment (UE) operating in quasi-co-located (QCL) environments, such as... Figure 6As shown. The UE may include one or more processors. One or more processors may be configured at the UE to demodulate a synchronization signal (SS) block transmitted from a first antenna port by a next-generation node B (gNB), wherein one or more of Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, and spatial reception parameters are derived from the SS block, as shown in box 610. One or more processors may be configured at the UE to decode a QCL indication, wherein the QCL indication provides an assumption of the QCL between a first reference signal at the first antenna port and a second reference signal at the second antenna port, wherein the second antenna port is used to transmit the physical channel or reference signal, as shown in box 620. One or more processors may be configured at the UE to demodulate the physical channel or reference signal transmitted from the second antenna port by the gNB based on the QCL assumption, using one or more of Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, and spatial reception parameters, as shown in box 630. In addition, the UE may include a memory interface configured to send one or more of Doppler frequency shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, or spatial reception parameters to the memory.

[0060] Another example provides functionality 700 for operating a quasi-co-located (QCL) user equipment for an antenna port, such as... Figure 7 As shown in block 710, the UE may include one or more processors. One or more processors may be configured at the UE to decode a first reference signal transmitted by a next-generation node B (gNB) from a first set of antenna ports in a first bandwidth portion (BWP). One or more processors may be configured at the UE to decode a second reference signal transmitted by the gNB from a second set of antenna ports in a second BWP, as shown in block 720. One or more processors may be configured at the UE to decode a QCL indication, wherein the QCL indication provides a QCL assumption between the first and second set of antenna ports, and wherein the QCL indication is based on the type of reference signal received from the first set of antenna ports in the first BWP and from the second set of antenna ports in the second BWP, as shown in block 730. Furthermore, the UE may include a memory interface configured to send the QCL indication to memory.

[0061] Another example provides a next-generation node B (gNB) configured to transmit in the bandwidth portion (BWP), such as Figure 8As shown in block 810. The gNB may include one or more processors. One or more processors may be configured at the gNB to determine, as shown in block 810, a first reference signal type to be transmitted from a first antenna port to a user equipment (UE) in a first BWP. One or more processors may be configured at the gNB to determine, as shown in block 820, a second reference signal type to be transmitted from a second antenna port to the UE in a second BWP. One or more processors may be configured at the gNB to select a quasi-co-location (QCL) indication for the first reference signal transmitted from the first antenna port and the second reference signal transmitted from the second antenna port, wherein the QCL indication provides a QCL assumption based on the first reference signal type for the first antenna port in the first BWP and the second reference signal type for the second antenna port in the second BWP, as shown in block 830. One or more processors may be configured at the gNB to encode the QCL indication for transmission to the UE, as shown in block 840. Furthermore, the gNB may include a memory interface configured to send the QCL indication to memory.

[0062] While examples of specified gNBs are provided, they are not intended to be restrictive. Evolved Node Bs (eNodeBs) can be used instead of gNBs. Therefore, unless otherwise stated, any examples of gNBs disclosed herein can be similarly disclosed using eNodeBs.

[0063] Figure 9 An architecture of a system 900 for a network according to some embodiments is shown. System 900 is shown as including user equipment (UE) 901 and UE 902. UE 901 and 902 are shown as smartphones (e.g., handheld touchscreen mobile computing devices that can connect to one or more cellular networks), but may also include any mobile or non-mobile computing device, such as a personal data assistant (PDA), pager, laptop computer, desktop computer, wireless handheld device, or any computing device including a wireless communication interface.

[0064] In some embodiments, either UE 901 or 902 may include an Internet of Things (IoT) UE, which may include a network access layer designed for low-power IoT applications utilizing short-lived UE connections. The IoT UE may utilize technologies such as machine-to-machine (M2M) or machine-type communication (MTC) to exchange data with an MTC server or device via a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), Proximity Services (ProSe), or Device-to-Device (D2D) communication, sensor networks, or IoT networks. M2M or MTC data exchange may be machine-initiated. The IoT network describes interconnecting IoT UEs (which may include uniquely identifiable embedded computing devices within the Internet infrastructure) using short-lived connections. The IoT UE may execute background applications (e.g., keep-alive messaging, state updates, etc.) to facilitate connectivity within the IoT network.

[0065] UEs 901 and 902 can be configured to connect (e.g., be communicatively coupled) to a radio access network (RAN) 910—RAN 910 can be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), a NextGen RAN (NG RAN), or some other type of RAN. UEs 901 and 902 utilize connections 903 and 904, respectively, each connection including a physical communication interface or layer (discussed in further detail below); in this example, connections 903 and 904 are shown as air interfaces for implementing communication coupling and can conform to cellular communication protocols such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) network protocols, Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocols, PTT on Cellular (POC) protocols, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocols, 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocols, 5G protocols, New Radio (NR) protocols, etc.

[0066] In this embodiment, UEs 901 and 902 can also directly exchange communication data via the ProSe interface 905. The ProSe interface 905 can be alternatively referred to as a sidelink interface, which includes one or more logical channels, including but not limited to the Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH), and Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH).

[0067] UE 902 is shown configured to access access point (AP) 906 via connection 907. Connection 907 may include a local wireless connection, such as a connection compliant with any IEEE 802.11 protocol, wherein AP 906 will include Wireless Fidelity.

[0068] Router. In this example, AP 906 is shown connected to the Internet but not to the core network of the wireless system (described in further detail below).

[0069] RAN 910 may include one or more access nodes that enable connectivity between 903 and 904. These access nodes (ANs) may be referred to as base stations (BS), NodeBs, evolved NodeBs (eNBs), next-generation NodeBs (gNBs), RAN nodes, etc., and may include ground stations (e.g., terrestrial access points) or satellite stations that provide coverage within a geographic area (e.g., a cell). RAN 910 may include one or more RAN nodes (e.g., macro RAN node 911) for providing macro cells and one or more RAN nodes (e.g., low-power (LP) RAN node 912) for providing femtocells or picocells (e.g., cells with smaller coverage areas, smaller user capacity, or higher bandwidth compared to macro cells).

[0070] Either RAN node 911 or 912 can terminate the air interface protocol and can be the first contact point for UEs 901 and 902. In some embodiments, either RAN node 911 or 912 can perform various logical functions of RAN 910, including but not limited to radio network controller (RNC) functions such as radio bearer management, uplink and downlink dynamic radio resource management and data packet scheduling, and mobility management.

[0071] According to some embodiments, UEs 901 and 902 can be configured to communicate with each other or with either RAN nodes 911 and 912 on a multi-carrier communication channel using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication signals, based on various communication technologies (e.g., but not limited to orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication technology (e.g., for downlink communication) or single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) communication technology (e.g., for uplink and ProSe or sidelink communication)). However, the scope of the embodiments is not limited thereto. The OFDM signal may include multiple orthogonal subcarriers.

[0072] In some embodiments, the downlink resource grid can be used for downlink transmissions from either RAN nodes 911 and 912 to UEs 901 and 902, while uplink transmissions can utilize similar techniques. The grid can be a time-frequency grid, referred to as a resource grid or time-frequency resource grid, which represents the physical resources in each time slot of the downlink. This time-frequency plane representation is common practice for OFDM systems, making radio resource allocation intuitive. Each column and row of the resource grid corresponds to an OFDM symbol and an OFDM subcarrier, respectively. The duration of the resource grid in the time domain corresponds to a time slot in a radio frame. The smallest time-frequency unit in the resource grid is called a resource element. Each resource grid comprises multiple resource blocks, which describe the mapping of certain physical channels to resource elements. Each resource block comprises a set of resource elements; in the frequency domain, this can represent the minimum amount of resources that can currently be allocated. Several different physical downlink channels exist that use such resource blocks for transmission.

[0073] The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) carries user data and higher-layer signaling to UEs 901 and 902. The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) carries information such as transmission format and resource allocation related to the PDSCH channel. It can also inform UEs 901 and 902 of transmission format, resource allocation, and H-ARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) information related to the uplink shared channel. Typically, downlink scheduling (assigning control channel resource blocks and shared channel resource blocks to UE 902 within the cell) can be performed at either RAN node 911 or 912 based on channel quality information fed back from either UE 901 or 902. Downlink resource allocation information can be transmitted on the PDCCH used (e.g., assigned to) each of UEs 901 and 902.

[0074] PDCCH can use Control Channel Elements (CCEs) to transmit control information. Before being mapped to resource elements, PDCCH complex-valued symbols can first be organized into quadruplets, which can then be arranged using a sub-block interleaver for rate matching. Each PDCCH can be transmitted using one or more of these CCEs, where each CCE can correspond to four physical resource elements in nine groups called resource element groups (REGs). Four Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) symbols can be mapped to each REG. The number of CCEs used to transmit PDCCH depends on the size of the downlink control information (DCI) and the channel conditions. In LTE, four or more different PDCCH formats with different numbers of CCEs (e.g., aggregation levels, L = 1, 2, 4, or 8) can be defined.

[0075] Some embodiments may use a concept that extends the above-described approach for resource allocation of control channel information. For example, some embodiments may utilize an Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (EPDCCH), which uses PDSCH resources for control information transmission. One or more Enhanced Control Channel Elements (ECCEs) may be used to transmit the EPDCCH. Similar to the above, each ECCE may correspond to four physical resource elements in nine groups called Enhanced Resource Element Groups (EREGs). In some cases, an ECCE may have a different number of EREGs.

[0076] RAN 910 is shown communicatively coupled to core network (CN) 920 via S1 interface 913. In embodiments, CN 920 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) network, a next-generation packet core (NPC) network, or some other type of CN. In this embodiment, S1 interface 913 is divided into two parts: S1-U interface 914, which carries service data between RAN nodes 911 and 912 and serving gateway (S-GW) 922; and S1 mobility management entity (MME) interface 915, which is the signaling interface between RAN nodes 911 and 912 and MME 921.

[0077] In this embodiment, CN 920 includes MME 921, S-GW 922, Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW) 923, and Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 924. MME 921 can functionally resemble the control plane of a Legacy Service General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Support Node (SGSN). MME 921 can manage mobility aspects of access, such as gateway selection and tracking area list management. HSS 924 can include a database for network users, including subscription-related information to support network entities in handling communication sessions. CN 920 can include one or more HSS 924s, depending on the number of mobile subscribers, device capacity, network organization, etc. For example, HSS 924 can provide support for routing / roaming, authentication, authorization, naming / address resolution, location dependencies, etc.

[0078] The S-GW 922 can terminate the S1 interface 913 leading to RAN 910 and route data packets between RAN 910 and CN 920. Furthermore, the S-GW 922 can serve as a local mobility anchor for inter-RAN node handover and can also provide anchoring for inter-3GPP mobility. Other responsibilities may include statutory interception, charging, and some form of policy enforcement.

[0079] The P-GW 923 can terminate an SGi interface leading to the PDN. The P-GW 923 can route data packets between the EPC network 923 and external networks (e.g., a network including an application server 930 (alternately referred to as an Application Function (AF))) via an Internet Protocol (IP) interface 925. Typically, the application server 930 can be an element that provides applications (e.g., UMTS Packet Service (PS) domain, LTE PS data service, etc.) using IP bearer resources to the core network. In this embodiment, the P-GW 923 is shown communicatively coupled to the application server 930 via the IP communication interface 925. The application server 930 can also be configured to support one or more communication services (e.g., Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) sessions, PTT sessions, group communication sessions, social networking services, etc.) for UEs 901 and 902 via a CN 920.

[0080] The P-GW 923 can also be a node for policy enforcement and charging data collection. The Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) 926 is the policy and charging control element of the CN 920. In non-roaming scenarios, a single PCRF can exist in the Home Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN) associated with the UE's Internet Protocol Connectivity (IP-CAN) session. In roaming scenarios where services are not local, two PCRFs can exist associated with the UE's IP-CAN session: the Home PCRF (H-PCRF) within the HPLMN and the Visited PCRF (V-PCRF) in the Visited Public Land Mobile Network (VPLMN). The PCRF 926 can be communicatively coupled to the application server 930 via the P-GW 923. The application server 930 can signal the PCRF 926 to indicate new service flows and select appropriate Quality of Service (QoS) and charging parameters. PCRF 926 can assign this rule to the Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) (not shown) with an appropriate Service Flow Template (TFT) and QoS Class Identifier (QCI), which enables QoS and charging to begin as specified by the application server 930.

[0081] Figure 10Example components of a device 1000 according to some embodiments are shown. In some embodiments, device 1000 may include application circuitry 1002, baseband circuitry 1004, radio frequency (RF) circuitry 1006, front-end module (FEM) circuitry 1008, one or more antennas 1010, and power management circuitry (PMC) 1012, coupled together at least as shown. Components of the illustrated device 1000 may be included in a UE or RAN node. In some embodiments, device 1000 may include fewer components (e.g., the RAN node may not utilize application circuitry 1002, but instead include a processor / controller to process IP data received from the EPC). In some embodiments, device 1000 may include additional components such as memory / storage, a display, a camera, a sensor, or an input / output (I / O) interface. In other embodiments, the components described below may be included in more than one device (e.g., for a cloud RAN (C-RAN) implementation, the circuitry may be separately included in more than one device).

[0082] Application circuitry 1002 may include one or more application processors. For example, application circuitry 1002 may include circuitry with, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processor may include any combination of general-purpose processors and special-purpose processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.). The processor may be coupled to or may include memory / storage, and may be configured to execute instructions stored in memory / storage to enable various applications or operating systems to run on device 1000. In some embodiments, the processor of application circuitry 1002 may process IP data packets received from the EPC.

[0083] The baseband circuit 1004 may include, for example, but not limited to, circuitry of one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The baseband circuit 1004 may include one or more baseband processors or control logic to process baseband signals received from the receive signal path of the RF circuit 1006 and generate baseband signals for the transmit signal path of the RF circuit 1006. The baseband circuit 1004 may interface with the application circuit 1002 for generating and processing baseband signals and controlling the operation of the RF circuit 1006. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuit 1004 may include a third-generation (3G) baseband processor 1004A, a fourth-generation (4G) baseband processor 1004B, a fifth-generation (5G) baseband processor 1004C, or other baseband processors 1004D for other existing generations, generations under development, or future generations (e.g., second-generation (2G), sixth-generation (6G), etc.). The baseband circuitry 1004 (e.g., one or more of baseband processors 1004A-D) can process various radio control functions that enable communication with one or more radio networks via RF circuitry 1006. In other embodiments, some or all of the functions of the baseband processors 1004A-D may be included in modules stored in memory 1004G and executed via a central processing unit (CPU) 1004E. Radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation / demodulation, encoding / decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. In some embodiments, the modulation / demodulation circuitry of the baseband circuitry 1004 may include Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), precoding, or constellation mapping / demapping functions. In some embodiments, the encoding / decoding circuitry of the baseband circuitry 1004 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, or low-density parity-check (LDPC) encoder / decoder functions. Embodiments of modulation / demodulation and encoder / decoder functions are not limited to these examples, and other suitable functions may be included in other embodiments.

[0084] In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 1004 may include one or more audio digital signal processors (DSPs) 1004F. The audio DSP 1004F may include elements for compression / decompression and echo cancellation, and in other embodiments may include other suitable processing elements. In some embodiments, components of the baseband circuitry may be suitably combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on the same circuit board. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry 1004 and the application circuitry 1002 may be implemented together on, for example, a system-on-a-chip (SoC).

[0085] In some embodiments, baseband circuit 1004 can provide communication compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, baseband circuit 1004 can support communication with the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (EUTRAN) or other Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WMAN), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), or Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN). Embodiments in which baseband circuit 1004 is configured to support radio communication with more than one radio protocol may be referred to as multimode baseband circuits.

[0086] RF circuit 1006 enables communication with a wireless network using modulated electromagnetic radiation over a non-solid medium. In various embodiments, RF circuit 1006 may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc., to facilitate communication with the wireless network. RF circuit 1006 may include a receive signal path, which may include circuitry for down-converting RF signals received from FEM circuit 1008 and providing baseband signals to baseband circuit 1004. RF circuit 1006 may also include a transmit signal path, which may include circuitry for up-converting the baseband signals provided by baseband circuit 1004 and providing RF output signals to FEM circuit 1008 for transmission.

[0087] In some embodiments, the receive signal path of the RF circuit 1006 may include a mixer circuit 1006A, an amplifier circuit 1006B, and a filter circuit 1006C. In some embodiments, the transmit signal path of the RF circuit 1006 may include a filter circuit 1006C and a mixer circuit 1006A. The RF circuit 1006 may also include a synthesizer circuit 1006D for synthesizing the frequency used by the mixer circuit 1006A in both the receive and transmit signal paths. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 1006A in the receive signal path may be configured to down-convert the RF signal received from the FEM circuit 1008 based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuit 1006D. The amplifier circuit 1006B may be configured to amplify the down-converted signal, and the filter circuit 1006C may be a low-pass filter (LPF) or a band-pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signal to generate an output baseband signal. The output baseband signal may be provided to the baseband circuit 1004 for further processing. In some embodiments, the output baseband signal may be a zero-frequency baseband signal, but this is not required. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 1006A of the receiving signal path may include a passive mixer, but the scope of the embodiments is not limited thereto.

[0088] In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 1006A of the transmitted signal path can be configured to up-convert the input baseband signal based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuit 1006D to generate an RF output signal for the FEM circuit 1008. The baseband signal can be provided by the baseband circuit 1004 and can be filtered by the filter circuit 1006C.

[0089] In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 1006A for the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 1006A for the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers, and may be arranged for quadrature downconversion and upconversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 1006A for the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 1006A for the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers, and may be arranged for image suppression (e.g., Hartley image suppression). In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 1006A for the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 1006A for the transmit signal path may be arranged for direct downconversion and direct upconversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 1006A for the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 1006A for the transmit signal path may be configured for superheterodyne operation.

[0090] In some embodiments, the output baseband signal and the input baseband signal may be analog baseband signals, but the scope of the embodiments is not limited thereto. In some alternative embodiments, the output baseband signal and the input baseband signal may be digital baseband signals. In these alternative embodiments, the RF circuit 1006 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry, and the baseband circuit 1004 may include a digital baseband interface for communicating with the RF circuit 1006.

[0091] In some dual-mode embodiments, separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, but the scope of the embodiments is not limited thereto.

[0092] In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuit 1006D may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional-N / N+1 synthesizer, but the scope of the embodiments is not limited thereto, as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. For example, the synthesizer circuit 1006D may be a Δ-Σ synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer including a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.

[0093] Synthesizer circuit 1006D can be configured to synthesize an output frequency based on the frequency input and the divider control input for use by mixer circuit 1006A of RF circuit 1006. In some embodiments, synthesizer circuit 1006D can be a fractional N / N+1 synthesizer.

[0094] In some embodiments, the frequency input may be provided by a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), but this is not required. The divider control input may be provided by the baseband circuitry 1004 or the application processor 1002 according to the desired output frequency. In some embodiments, the divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a lookup table based on the channel indicated by the application processor 1002.

[0095] The synthesizer circuit 1006D of the RF circuit 1006 may include a divider, a delay phase-locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer, and a phase accumulator. In some embodiments, the divider may be a dual-mode divider (DMD), and the phase accumulator may be a digital phase accumulator (DPA). In some embodiments, the DMD may be configured to divide the input signal by N or N+1 (e.g., based on carry) to provide a fractional division ratio. In some example embodiments, the DLL may include a set of cascaded tunable delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump, and a D-type flip-flop. In these embodiments, the delay elements may be configured to decompose the VCO cycle into Nd equal phase groups, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. In this way, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.

[0096] In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuit 1006D may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used in conjunction with quadrature generator and divider circuitry to generate multiple signals having multiple different phases relative to each other at the carrier frequency. In some embodiments, the output frequency may be the LO frequency (fLO). In some embodiments, the RF circuit 1006 may include an IQ / polar coordinate converter.

[0097] FEM circuit 1008 may include a receive signal path, which may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 1010, amplify the received signals, and provide an amplified version of the received signals to RF circuit 1006 for further processing. FEM circuit 1008 may also include a transmit signal path, which may include circuitry configured to amplify signals provided by RF circuit 1006 for transmission by one or more of the one or more antennas 1010. In various embodiments, amplification via the transmit or receive signal path may be performed only in RF circuit 1006, only in FEM 1008, or in both RF circuit 1006 and FEM 1008.

[0098] In some embodiments, FEM circuit 1008 may include a TX / RX switch to switch between transmit and receive mode operation. FEM circuit 1008 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of FEM circuit 1008 may include an LNA for amplifying the received RF signal and providing the amplified received RF signal as an output (e.g., to RF circuit 1006). The transmit signal path of FEM circuit 1008 may include: a power amplifier (PA) for amplifying (e.g., provided by RF circuit 1006) the input RF signal; and one or more filters for generating RF signals for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of one or more antennas 1010).

[0099] In some embodiments, the PMC 1012 can manage the power supplied to the baseband circuitry 1004. Specifically, the PMC 1012 can control power selection, voltage scaling, battery charging, or DC-DC conversion. The PMC 1012 is often included when the device 1000 can be powered by a battery, such as when the device is included in a UE. The PMC 1012 can improve power conversion efficiency while providing the desired implementation size and thermal characteristics.

[0100] Figure 10 The diagram shows that PMC 1012 is coupled only to baseband circuitry 1004. However, in other embodiments, PMC 1012 may additionally or alternatively couple to other components, such as, but not limited to, application circuitry 1002, RF circuitry 1006, or FEM 1008, and perform similar power management operations for other components.

[0101] In some embodiments, PMC 1012 may control, or be part of, various power-saving mechanisms of device 1000. For example, if device 1000 is in the RRC_Connected state (where it remains connected to the RAN node because it expects to receive traffic soon), it may enter a state called Discontinuous Receive Mode (DRX) after an inactive period. During this state, device 1000 may be powered down for short time intervals to save power.

[0102] If there is no data service activity during the extended period, device 1000 can transition to the RRC_Idle state (where it disconnects from the network and does not perform operations such as channel quality feedback or handover). Device 1000 enters a very low-power state and performs paging, during which it periodically wakes up again to listen to the network before powering down again. Device 1000 cannot receive data in this state; to receive data, it can transition back to the RRC_Connected state.

[0103] The additional power-saving mode allows the device to be unavailable from the network for periods longer than the paging interval (ranging from seconds to hours). During this time, the device is completely unreachable from the network and can be completely powered down. Any data sent during this time will incur a large delay, which is assumed to be acceptable.

[0104] The processors of application circuit 1002 and baseband circuit 1004 can be used to execute elements of one or more instances of the protocol stack. For example, the processor of baseband circuit 1004 (alone or in combination) can be used to execute layer 3, layer 2, or layer 1 functions, while the processor of application circuit 1002 can utilize data received from these layers (e.g., packet data) and further execute layer 4 functions (e.g., Transport Communication Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) layers). As mentioned herein, layer 3 may include the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, which will be described in further detail below. As mentioned herein, layer 2 may include the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, which will be described in further detail below. As mentioned herein, layer 1 may include the physical (PHY) layer of the UE / RAN node, which will be described in further detail below.

[0105] Figure 11 An example interface of a baseband circuit according to some embodiments is shown. As discussed above, Figure 10 The baseband circuit 1004 may include processors 1004A-1004E and a memory 1004G used by the processors. Each of the processors 1004A-1004E may respectively include a memory interface 1104A-1104E for sending / receiving data to / from the memory 1004G.

[0106] The baseband circuit 1004 may also include one or more interfaces for communicatively coupling to other circuits / devices, such as a memory interface 1112 (e.g., an interface for sending / receiving data to / from a memory external to the baseband circuit 1004) and an application circuit interface 1114 (e.g., an interface for sending / receiving data to / from a memory external to the baseband circuit 1004). Figure 10 Application circuit 1002 (interface for sending / receiving data), RF circuit interface 1116 (e.g., for sending / receiving data to / from...). Figure 10 RF circuit 1006 (interface for transmitting / receiving data), wireless hardware connection interface 1118 (e.g., for transmitting / receiving data to / from near field communication (NFC) components), Components (e.g., low power) ), Interfaces for sending / receiving data to / from components and other communication components) and power management interface 1120 (e.g., an interface for sending / receiving power or control signals to / from PMC 1012).

[0107] Figure 12 Examples of wireless devices are provided, such as User Equipment (UE), Mobile Station (MS), Mobile Wireless Device, Mobile Communication Device, Tablet PC, Mobile Phone, or other types of wireless devices. Wireless devices may include one or more antennas configured to communicate with nodes, macro nodes, low-power nodes (LPNs), or transmission stations (e.g., base stations (BS), evolved Node Bs (eNBs), baseband processing units (BBUs), remote radio heads (RRHs), remote radio equipment (RREs), relay stations (RSs), radio equipment (REs), or other types of wireless wide area network (WWAN) access points). Wireless devices may be configured to communicate using at least one wireless communication standard, such as, but not limited to, 3GPP LTE, WiMAX, High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), Bluetooth, and WiFi. Wireless devices may use separate antennas for each wireless communication standard or share a common antenna for multiple wireless communication standards. Wireless devices may communicate in wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless personal area networks (WPANs), and / or WWANs. Wireless devices may also include wireless modems. A wireless modem may include, for example, a wireless radio transceiver and baseband circuitry (e.g., a baseband processor). In one example, a wireless modem may modulate signals transmitted by a wireless device via one or more antennas and demodulate signals received by a wireless device via one or more antennas.

[0108] Figure 12 Illustrations are also provided of a microphone and one or more speakers that can be used for audio input and output with the wireless device. The display screen can be a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen or other types of displays, such as organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays. The display screen can be configured as a touchscreen. The touchscreen can use capacitive, resistive, or other types of touchscreen technology. The application processor and graphics processor can be coupled to internal memory to provide processing and display capabilities. Non-volatile memory ports can also be used to provide data input / output options to the user. Non-volatile memory ports can also be used to expand the memory capacity of the wireless device. The keyboard can be integrated with the wireless device or wirelessly connected to it to provide additional user input. A virtual keyboard can also be provided using the touchscreen.

[0109] Example

[0110] The following examples are specific technical embodiments and indicate specific features, elements, or actions that may be used or combined in implementing these embodiments.

[0111] Example 1 includes an apparatus operable for a quasi-co-located (QCL) user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: one or more processors configured to: demodulate, at the UE, a synchronization signal (SS) block transmitted from a first antenna port by a next-generation node B (gNB), wherein one or more of Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, or spatial reception parameters are derived from the SS block; decode, at the UE, a QCL indication, wherein the QCL indication provides an assumption of QCL between a first reference signal at the first antenna port and a second reference signal at a second antenna port, wherein the second antenna port is used to transmit a physical channel or reference signal; and at the UE, demodulate, based on the QCL assumption, the physical channel or reference signal transmitted from the second antenna port by the gNB using one or more of the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, or spatial reception parameters; and a memory interface configured to: send one or more of the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, or spatial reception parameters to a memory.

[0112] Example 2 includes the apparatus described in Example 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: at the UE, decode a secondary synchronization signal transmitted by the gNB from a first antenna port used for transmitting SS blocks; at the UE, decode control information transmitted by the gNB from the first antenna port used for transmitting SS blocks on the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH); or at the UE, decode a primary synchronization signal (PSS) transmitted by the gNB from the first antenna port used for transmitting SS blocks.

[0113] Example 3 includes the apparatus described in Example 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: at the UE, decode common control information transmitted by the gNB from the second antenna port in the physical channel; at the UE, decode channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for beam management or beam refinement transmitted by the gNB from the second antenna port; or at the UE, decode channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel state information (CSI) acquisition, wherein the CSI-RS is transmitted by the gNB from the second antenna port.

[0114] Example 4 includes the apparatus of any one of Examples 1-3, wherein the second antenna port includes a set of antenna ports.

[0115] Example 5 includes the apparatus of any one of Examples 1-3, wherein the UE includes an antenna, a touch-sensitive display, a speaker, a microphone, a graphics processor, an application processor, internal memory, a non-volatile memory port, or a combination thereof.

[0116] Example 6 includes the apparatus of Example 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: at the UE, determine a receive beamforming for receiving a synchronization signal (SS) block transmitted by the gNB from the first antenna port; and demodulate a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) transmitted by the gNB from the second antenna port based on a QCL assumption between the first antenna port and the second antenna port.

[0117] Example 7 includes the apparatus of Example 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: at the UE, select a receive beamforming identical to that used for receiving an SS block transmitted from the first antenna port to receive a signal transmitted from the second antenna port; or at the UE, determine that the signal transmitted from the second antenna port has the same time and frequency offset as that derived from the time and frequency offset of the received SS block transmitted from the first antenna port.

[0118] Example 8 includes the apparatus of Example 1, wherein the spatial reception parameters include one or more of the following: average angle of arrival; angle of arrival spread; or channel correlation.

[0119] Example 9 includes an apparatus for a user equipment (UE) operable for quasi-co-location (QCL) antenna ports, the apparatus comprising: one or more processors configured to: at the UE, decode a first reference signal transmitted from a first set of antenna ports by a next-generation node B (gNB) in a first bandwidth portion (BWP); at the UE, decode a second reference signal transmitted from a second set of antenna ports by the gNB in ​​a second BWP; and at the UE, decode a QCL indication, wherein the QCL indication provides a QCL assumption between the first set of antenna ports and the second set of antenna ports, wherein the QCL indication is based on the type of reference signals received from the first set of antenna ports in the first BWP and from the second set of antenna ports in the second BWP; and a memory interface configured to: send the QCL indication to a memory.

[0120] Example 10 includes the apparatus of Example 9, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: at the UE, decode QCL indications for the first reference signal and the second reference signal, wherein: the first reference signal is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) transmitted from the first set of antenna ports by the gNB in ​​the first BWP; and the second reference signal is a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) transmitted from the second set of antenna ports by the gNB in ​​the second BWP.

[0121] Example 11 includes the apparatus of Example 9, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: at the UE, decode QCL indications for the first reference signal and the second reference signal, wherein: the first reference signal is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) transmitted from the first set of antenna ports by the gNB in ​​the first BWP; and the second reference signal is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) transmitted from the second set of antenna ports by the gNB in ​​the second BWP.

[0122] Example 12 includes the apparatus of Example 9, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: at the UE, decode QCL indications for the first reference signal and the second reference signal, wherein: the first reference signal is a synchronization signal (SS) block transmitted from the gNB in ​​the first BWP from the first set of antenna ports; and the second reference signal is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) transmitted from the gNB in ​​the second BWP from the second set of antenna ports.

[0123] Example 13 includes the apparatus of Example 9, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: at the UE, decode QCL indications for the first reference signal and the second reference signal, wherein: the first reference signal is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) configured for beam management or a synchronization signal (SS) block configured for beam management transmitted from the first set of antenna ports by the gNB in ​​the first BWP; and the second reference signal is a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) transmitted from the second set of antenna ports by the gNB in ​​the second BWP.

[0124] Example 14 includes the apparatus of any one of Examples 10 or 13, wherein the DM-RS is transmitted on the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) or the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH).

[0125] Example 15 includes the apparatus of any one of Examples 9-13, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: at the UE, demodulate a second reference signal transmitted from the second set of antenna ports using large-scale channel parameters, wherein the large-scale channel parameters include one or more of the following: Doppler shift; Doppler spread; average delay; delay spread; or spatial reception parameters.

[0126] Example 16 includes the apparatus of Example 15, wherein the spatial reception parameters include one or more of the following: average angle of arrival; angle of arrival spread; or channel correlation.

[0127] Example 17 includes an apparatus for a next-generation node B (gNB) configured to transmit in a bandwidth portion (BWP), the apparatus comprising: one or more processors configured to: at the gNB, determine a first reference signal type to be transmitted from a first antenna port to a user equipment (UE) in a first BWP; at the gNB, determine a second reference signal type to be transmitted from a second antenna port to the UE in a second BWP; at the gNB, select a quasi-co-location (QCL) indication for the first reference signal to be transmitted from the first antenna port and the second reference signal to be transmitted from the second antenna port, wherein the QCL indication provides a QCL assumption based on the first reference signal type for the first antenna port in the first BWP and the second reference signal type for the second antenna port in the second BWP; and at the gNB, encode the QCL indication for transmission to the UE; and a memory interface configured to: send the QCL indication to a memory.

[0128] Example 18 includes the apparatus of Example 17, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: at the gNB, determine that a first reference signal type to be transmitted from the first antenna port in the first BWP is a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) for Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) or Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH); and at the gNB, determine that a second reference signal type to be transmitted from the second antenna port in the second BWP is a CSI-RS configured for beam management or a synchronization signal (SS) block configured for beam management.

[0129] Example 19 includes the apparatus of Example 17, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: at the gNB, determine that a first reference signal type to be transmitted from the first antenna port in the first BWP is a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS); and at the gNB, determine that a second reference signal type to be transmitted from the second antenna port in the second BWP is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) or a synchronization signal (SS) block.

[0130] Example 20 includes the apparatus of Example 17, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: at the gNB, determine that the type of reference signal to be transmitted from the first antenna port in the first BWP is a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS); and at the gNB, determine that the type of reference signal to be transmitted from the second antenna port in the second BWP is a CSI-RS and a Synchronization Signal (SS) block.

[0131] Example 21 includes the apparatus of any one of 17-20, wherein the first antenna port includes a set of antenna ports.

[0132] Example 22 includes the apparatus of any one of Examples 17-20, wherein the second antenna port includes a set of antenna ports.

[0133] Various technologies, or specific aspects or portions thereof, may take the form of program code (i.e., instructions) implemented in a tangible medium (e.g., floppy disk, CD-ROM, hard disk, non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, or any other machine-readable storage medium), wherein, when the program code is loaded into a machine (e.g., a computer) and executed by the machine, the machine becomes an apparatus for practicing the various technologies according to the embodiments described above. In the case of program code execution on a programmable computer, the computing device may include a processor, a processor-readable storage medium (including volatile and non-volatile memory and / or storage elements), at least one input device, and at least one output device. The volatile and non-volatile memory and / or storage elements may be random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, an optical drive, a magnetic hard disk drive, a solid-state drive, or other media for storing electronic data. Nodes and wireless devices may also include a transceiver module (i.e., a transceiver), a counter module (i.e., a counter), a processing module (i.e., a processor), and / or a clock module (i.e., a clock) or a timer module (i.e., a timer). In one example, the selected components of the transceiver module may reside in a cloud radio access network (C-RAN). One or more programs that can implement or utilize the various technologies described herein may use application programming interfaces (APIs), reusable controls, etc. These programs may be implemented using high-level procedural or object-oriented programming languages ​​to communicate with the computer system. However, programs may be implemented using assembly or machine language if desired. In any case, the language may be a compiled or interpreted language and combined with the hardware implementation.

[0134] As used herein, the term "circuit" may refer to, be part of, or include the following: application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), electronic circuits, processors (shared, dedicated, or grouped) and / or memories (shared, dedicated, or grouped) executing one or more software or firmware programs, combinational logic circuits, and / or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, a circuit may be implemented in one or more software or firmware modules, or the functionality associated with a circuit may be implemented by one or more software or firmware modules. In some embodiments, a circuit may include logic that is at least partially operable in hardware.

[0135] It should be understood that many of the functional units described in this specification have been labeled as modules in order to more specifically emphasize their implementation independence. For example, a module can be implemented as hardware circuitry including, for example, custom very large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuitry or gate arrays, off-the-shelf semiconductors (e.g., logic chips), transistors, or other discrete components. Modules can also be implemented using programmable hardware devices (e.g., field-programmable gate arrays), programmable array logic, programmable logic devices, etc.

[0136] Modules can also be implemented using software that executes through various types of processors. A module of identified executable code can, for example, comprise one or more physical or logical blocks of computer instructions that can be organized, for example, as objects, procedures, or functions. However, the executable files of the identified modules may not be physically located together, but may comprise entirely different instructions stored in different locations that, when logically combined, constitute a module and achieve the purpose of the declared module.

[0137] In practice, an executable code module can be a single instruction or many instructions, and can even be distributed across several different code segments, different programs, and across several memory devices. Similarly, operational data can be identified and shown herein within the module, and can be implemented in any suitable form and organized within any suitable type of data structure. Operational data can be combined into a single dataset, or can be distributed across different locations including different storage devices, and can exist at least partially as electronic signals on a system or network. Modules can be passive or active, including agents operable to perform desired functions.

[0138] Throughout this specification, references to "example" or "exemplary" indicate that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that example is included in at least one embodiment of the present technology. Therefore, the phrase "in an example" or the word "exemplary" appearing in various places throughout this specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment.

[0139] As used herein, for convenience, multiple items, structural elements, constituent elements, and / or materials may be presented in a public list. However, these lists should be understood as if each member of the list were identified as a separate and unique member. Therefore, without indication to the contrary, no member of the list should be construed as being substantially equivalent to any other member of the same list simply because they exist in the public group. Furthermore, various embodiments and examples of the present technology, along with alternatives to their various components, may be mentioned herein. It should be understood that these embodiments, examples, and alternatives should not be construed as being substantially equivalent to each other, but should be regarded as separate and autonomous representations of the present technology.

[0140] Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Numerous specific details, such as examples of layouts, distances, network examples, etc., are provided in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of this technology. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this technology can be implemented without one or more specific details, or by means of other methods, components, layouts, etc. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail so as not to obscure aspects of this technology.

[0141] While the foregoing embodiments illustrate the principles of the present technology in one or more specific applications, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that numerous modifications can be made in the form, use, and details of the implementation without inventive effort and without departing from the principles and concept of the present technology. Therefore, the present technology is not intended to be limited except as set forth in the claims below.

Claims

1. An apparatus of a user equipment (UE) operable to receive information from quasi co-located (QCL) antenna ports, the apparatus comprising: one or more baseband processors configured to: demodulate, at the UE, a first reference signal transmitted from a first set of antenna ports in a first bandwidth part (BWP) by a base station; demodulate, at the UE, a second reference signal transmitted from a second set of antenna ports in a second BWP by the base station; and decode, at the UE, a QCL indication, wherein the QCL indication provides a QCL assumption between the first set of antenna ports and the second set of antenna ports, wherein the QCL indication represents a QCL type of a reference signal received from the first set of antenna ports in the first BWP and a QCL type of a reference signal received from the second set of antenna ports in the second BWP; and a memory interface configured to transmit the QCL indication to a memory. the one or more baseband processors are further configured to:

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, decode, at the UE, a QCL indication for the first reference signal and the second reference signal, wherein: the first reference signal is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) received from the base station in the first BWP from the first set of antenna ports; and the second reference signal is a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) received from the base station in the second BWP from the second set of antenna ports. the one or more baseband processors are further configured to:

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, decode, at the UE, a QCL indication for the first reference signal and the second reference signal, wherein: the first reference signal is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) received from the base station in the first BWP from the first set of antenna ports; and the second reference signal is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) received from the base station in the second BWP from the second set of antenna ports. the one or more baseband processors are further configured to:

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, decode, at the UE, a QCL indication for the first reference signal and the second reference signal, wherein: the first reference signal is a synchronization signal (SS) block received from the base station in the first BWP from the first set of antenna ports; and the second reference signal is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) received from the base station in the second BWP from the second set of antenna ports. the one or more baseband processors are further configured to:

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, decode, at the UE, a QCL indication for the first reference signal and the second reference signal, wherein: the first reference signal is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) or a synchronization signal (SS) block configured for beam management received from the base station in the first BWP from the first set of antenna ports; and the second reference signal is a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) received from the base station in the second BWP from the second set of antenna ports. ​ 6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The DM-RS is transmitted on a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH).

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The one or more baseband processors are further configured to: At the UE, demodulate a second reference signal transmitted from the second set of antenna ports using large-scale channel parameters, wherein the large-scale channel parameters include one or more of: a Doppler shift; a Doppler spread; an average delay; a delay spread; or a spatial receive parameter.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein, The spatial receive parameter includes one or more of: an average angle of arrival; an angle of arrival spread; or a channel correlation.

9. An apparatus of a base station operable to transmit in a bandwidth part (BWP), the apparatus comprising: one or more baseband processors configured to: determine, at the base station, a first reference signal type to be transmitted in a first BWP from a first antenna port to a user equipment (UE); determine, at the base station, a second reference signal type to be transmitted in a second BWP from a second antenna port to the UE; select, at the base station, a quasi co-location (QCL) indication for a first reference signal transmitted from the first antenna port and a second reference signal transmitted from the second antenna port, wherein the QCL indication represents a QCL type of the first reference signal type of the first reference signal transmitted in the first BWP from the first antenna port and a QCL type of the second reference signal type of the second reference signal transmitted in the second BWP from the second antenna port; and encode, at the base station, the QCL indication for transmission to the UE; and a memory interface configured to:

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein, transmit the QCL indication to a memory. The one or more baseband processors are further configured to: determine, at the base station, that the first reference signal type to be transmitted in the first BWP from the first antenna port is a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) for a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH); and determine, at the base station, that the second reference signal type to be transmitted in the second BWP from the second antenna port is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) or a synchronization signal (SS) block configured for beam management.

11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein, The one or more baseband processors are further configured to: determine, at the base station, that the first reference signal type to be transmitted in the first BWP from the first antenna port is a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS); and determine, at the base station, that the second reference signal type to be transmitted in the second BWP from the second antenna port is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) or a synchronization signal (SS) block. The one or more baseband processors are further configured to:

12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein, determine, at the base station, that the first reference signal type to be transmitted in the first BWP from the first antenna port is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS); and determine, at the base station, that the second reference signal type to be transmitted in the second BWP from the second antenna port is a CSI-RS or a synchronization signal (SS) block. ​ ​ 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein, The first antenna port comprises a set of antenna ports.

14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein, The second antenna port comprises a set of antenna ports.

15. A method of a user equipment (UE) operable to receive information from quasi co-located (QCL) antenna ports, the method comprising: demodulating, at the UE, a first reference signal transmitted from a first set of antenna ports by a base station in a first bandwidth part (BWP); demodulating, at the UE, a second reference signal transmitted from a second set of antenna ports by the base station in a second BWP; and decoding, at the UE, a QCL indication, wherein the QCL indication provides a QCL assumption between the first set of antenna ports and the second set of antenna ports, wherein the QCL indication represents a QCL type of a reference signal received from the first set of antenna ports in the first BWP and a QCL type of a reference signal received from the second set of antenna ports in the second BWP.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: decoding, at the UE, a QCL indication for the first reference signal and the second reference signal, wherein: the first reference signal is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) received from the first set of antenna ports by the base station in the first BWP; and the second reference signal is a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) received from the second set of antenna ports by the base station in the second BWP.

17. The method of claim 15, further comprising: decoding, at the UE, a QCL indication for the first reference signal and the second reference signal, wherein: the first reference signal is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) received from the first set of antenna ports by the base station in the first BWP; and the second reference signal is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) received from the second set of antenna ports by the base station in the second BWP.

18. The method of claim 15, further comprising: decoding, at the UE, a QCL indication for the first reference signal and the second reference signal, wherein: the first reference signal is a synchronization signal (SS) block received from the first set of antenna ports by the base station in the first BWP; and the second reference signal is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) received from the second set of antenna ports by the base station in the second BWP.

19. The method of claim 15, further comprising: decoding, at the UE, a QCL indication for the first reference signal and the second reference signal, wherein: the first reference signal is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) or a synchronization signal (SS) block configured for beam management received from the first set of antenna ports by the base station in the first BWP; and the second reference signal is a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) received from the second set of antenna ports by the base station in the second BWP.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein, The DM-RS is transmitted on a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH).

21. The method of claim 15, further comprising: demodulating, at the UE, a second reference signal transmitted from the second set of antenna ports using large-scale channel parameters, wherein the large-scale channel parameters comprise one or more of: a Doppler shift; a Doppler spread; an average delay; a delay spread; or a spatial receive parameter.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein, The spatial receive parameter comprises one or more of: an average angle of arrival; an angle of arrival spread; or a channel correlation.

23. A method of a base station operable to transmit in a bandwidth part (BWP), the method comprising: determining, at the base station, a first reference signal type to be transmitted in a first BWP from a first antenna port to a user equipment (UE); determining, at the base station, a second reference signal type to be transmitted in a second BWP from a second antenna port to the UE; selecting, at the base station, a quasi co-location (QCL) indication for a first reference signal transmitted from the first antenna port and a second reference signal transmitted from the second antenna port, wherein the QCL indication represents a QCL type of the first reference signal type of the first reference signal transmitted in the first BWP from the first antenna port and a QCL type of the second reference signal type of the second reference signal transmitted in the second BWP from the second antenna port; and encoding, at the base station, the QCL indication for transmission to the UE.

24. The method of claim 23, further comprising: determining, at the base station, that the first reference signal type to be transmitted in the first BWP from the first antenna port is a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) for a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH); and determining, at the base station, that the second reference signal type to be transmitted in the second BWP from the second antenna port is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) or a synchronization signal (SS) block configured for beam management.

25. The method of claim 23, further comprising: determining, at the base station, that the first reference signal type to be transmitted in the first BWP from the first antenna port is a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS); and determining, at the base station, that the second reference signal type to be transmitted in the second BWP from the second antenna port is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) or a synchronization signal (SS) block.

26. The method of claim 23, further comprising: determining, at the base station, that the first reference signal type to be transmitted in the first BWP from the first antenna port is a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS); and determining, at the base station, that the second reference signal type to be transmitted in the second BWP from the second antenna port is a CSI-RS or a synchronization signal (SS) block. The first antenna port comprises a set of antenna ports. ​ ​ ​ 27. The method of claim 23, wherein, ​ 28. The method of claim 23, wherein, The second antenna port comprises a set of antenna ports.

29. An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising means for performing the method of any one of claims 15-28.

30. A computer-readable medium, the computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the method of any one of claims 15-28.

31. An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising a module or circuitry for performing the method of any one of claims 15-28.

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